Embedded energetic material space debris protection structure combined with impedance mismatch effect

Abstract

The invention relates to an embedded energetic material space debris protection structure combined with an impedance mismatch effect, which is used for protecting space debris with the particle size of less than 1cm and comprises a high-impedance metal plate and energetic material blocks, and the energetic material blocks are uniformly embedded in the high-impedance metal plate at intervals. The energetic material is composed of an inert material and reactive metal particles. The protection characteristic of the high-impedance metal material is brought into full play, the impact initiation characteristic of the energetic material is introduced, and the impedance mismatch effect is generated by using the impedance difference between the high-impedance metal material and the energetic material, so that the protection effect of the protection structure is improved. The advantages of an energetic material and a high-impedance metal material are combined, and the comprehensive performance of the protection plate is remarkably improved through composite use of the two materials.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of space debris protection, and in particular to an embedded energetic material space debris protection structure combining impedance mismatch effect. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of aerospace technology, human activities in outer space are becoming more frequent, but the resulting space debris problem is also becoming more serious. These space debris include abandoned satellites, rocket wreckage, parts left over from missions, and debris from various explosions. These debris are of various types and sizes, and their high-speed running characteristics make them a serious threat to spacecraft in orbit, especially high-speed impacts may cause structural damage to spacecraft, system failure, and even endanger the smooth completion of the entire space mission. In order to ensure the safety of spacecraft and reduce the impact of space debris on space activities, various countries have conducted a lot of research on the protective structures of spacecraft. These protective structures usually focus on protecting small-sized debris that cannot be monitored, that is, debris with a size of less than 1 cm.

[0003] At present, the protective structure of spacecraft is mainly based on the traditional Whipple protective structure and its improved version. This structure is usually composed of multi-layer panels. By inducing the initial fragmentation of debris on the outer panel, the destructive force of the debris is reduced, and then the inner panel captures the debris to achieve the purpose of effective protection. On this basis, the improved Whipple protective structure has developed into various forms, including multi-layer panel structure, filled protective structure and sandwich panel structure. Among them, the multi-layer panel structure further improves the energy dissipation capacity of debris by increasing the number of layers and optimizing the material distribution. The filled protective structure fills special materials, such as foam metal or ceramic particles, between the layers to enhance the protective effect. The sandwich panel structure improves the protective performance while reducing weight by adding lightweight and high-strength sandwich materials (such as honeycomb structures or foam materials) between the two layers. However, the action mechanism of these protection forms is relatively simple, and usually relies on the strength of the material itself to absorb impact energy. Summary of the invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an embedded energetic material space debris protection structure combined with impedance mismatch effect, which combines the advantages of energetic materials and high-impedance metal materials, and significantly improves the comprehensive performance of the protection plate through the composite use of the two materials.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problem is: constructing an embedded energetic material space debris protection structure combined with impedance mismatch effect, which is used to protect space debris with a particle size of less than 1 cm, including a high-impedance metal plate and energetic material blocks, wherein the energetic material blocks are evenly embedded in the high-impedance metal plate, and the energetic material is composed of inert materials and reactive metal particles.

[0006] According to the above scheme, the mechanical impedance of the high impedance metal plate is greater than 10 7 N·s / m 3 .

[0007] According to the above solution, the high-impedance metal plate is made of aluminum alloy or titanium alloy.

[0008] According to the above scheme, the energetic material block can produce a deflagration reaction when hit at a speed greater than 2 km / s.

[0009] According to the above solution, the material used for the energetic material block is a mixture of metal and polymer.

[0010] According to the above scheme, the material used for the energetic material block is an intermetallic compound.

[0011] According to the above scheme, the material used for the energetic material block is PTFE / Al, THV / Ta or Al / Ni.

[0012] According to the above solution, the energetic material block is a cuboid or a cylinder.

[0013] According to the above solution, a metal thin plate is further provided inside the high-impedance metal plate.

[0014] According to the above solution, the high-impedance metal plate and the metal thin plate are formed integrally.

[0015] The embedded energetic material space debris protection structure combined with the impedance mismatch effect of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0016] 1. High-impedance metal materials, with their excellent mechanical properties, can effectively resist high-speed impacts and initially disperse and weaken the debris. However, when dealing with high-speed impacts, it may be difficult for high-impedance metal materials to fully dissipate the impact energy of space debris by relying solely on structural impedance. After the energetic material is embedded in it, the explosive properties of the energetic material are utilized to quickly release energy when impacted, further dispersing and weakening the destructive power of the debris. In addition, due to the large impedance difference between the embedded energetic material and the metal material, that is, the impedance mismatch, part of the stress wave propagating in the plate is reflected back into the space debris, further accelerating the fragmentation of the space debris and improving the overall protection capability.

[0017] 2. Energetic materials themselves have low impedance and high fragility, so it is difficult to directly withstand high-speed impact or complex impact environments when used alone. By embedding them into high-impedance metals, the high-impedance metals provide a solid support and protection structure for the energetic materials, avoiding premature failure or damage of the protective structure under high-speed impact conditions. This embedded structural design not only makes up for the disadvantage of low impedance of energetic materials, but also enhances the impact resistance of vulnerable parts of the protective structure, thereby significantly improving the durability and reliability of the protective plate.

[0018] The present invention organically combines the energetic material with the high-impedance metal material, so that the deflagration characteristics of the energetic material and the mechanical characteristics of the high-impedance metal complement each other, thereby improving the overall performance of the protective structure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, in which:

[0020] Figure 1 is a front view of the embedded energetic material protection structure of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the embedded energetic material protection structure of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of a protective structure in which the embedded energetic material of the present invention is circular;

[0023] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the internal dimensions of the embedded structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a specific simulation working condition provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the protective effect of the embedded structure of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] In order to have a clearer understanding of the technical features, purposes and effects of the present invention, specific embodiments of the present invention are now described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0027] like Figure 1 As shown, the embedded energetic material space debris protection structure combined with impedance mismatch effect of the present invention comprises a high impedance metal plate 1 and an energetic material block 2, and its specific protection mechanism is as follows Figure 2 shown.

[0028] The high impedance metal plate 1 can be made of aluminum alloy, titanium alloy, etc. as high impedance materials, and the mechanical impedance is required to be greater than 10 7 N·s / m 3The energetic material is composed of inert materials and reactive metal particles. It is required to produce a deflagration reaction when hit at a speed greater than 2 km / s. A mixture of metal and polymer, or intermetallic compounds, such as PTFE / Al, THV / Ta, Al / Ni, etc., can be used. The energetic material is embedded in the high-impedance metal. The embedded shape can be designed into different geometric forms such as rectangle and circle according to specific needs to adapt to various protection application scenarios, such as Figure 3 As shown. The metal part in the composite structure layer uses its high impedance characteristics to have a strong primary protection effect against space debris. When space debris hits the metal part, the metal material can reflect a strong stress wave. At the same time, the impedance difference between the embedded energetic material and the metal material is large, that is, the impedance mismatch, which causes part of the stress wave propagating in the plate to be reflected back into the space debris, thereby accelerating the fragmentation of the space debris. The energetic material part in the composite structure layer introduces a new mechanism for space debris protection. After detonation, the energetic material generates a strong recoil force through deflagration, which can not only effectively reduce the kinetic energy of the debris, but also further cause the debris to break into smaller particles, thereby significantly improving the protection effect.

[0029] Preferably, a metal thin plate 3 is further provided on the inner side of the high-impedance metal plate 1. The high-impedance metal plate 1 is integrally formed with the inner metal thin plate 3, so as to maintain good strength and stability in the overall structure. The metal thin plate 3 is made of the same material as the outer high-impedance metal plate 1. The inner metal thin plate 3 not only plays a direct protective role, but also supports the energetic material, making up for the shortcomings of insufficient mechanical properties of the energetic material itself. In addition, due to the deflagration characteristics of the energetic material, compared with traditional materials, the energetic material will have greater losses, which is not conducive to subsequent protection. The inner metal thin plate 3 can solve this problem to a certain extent and extend the service life of the protective structure.

[0030] In order to meet the needs of different spacecraft and different protection parts, the embedded energetic material protection structure of the present invention has a high degree of flexibility in design. The thickness, material selection and geometric design of the two-layer structure can be optimized and adjusted according to the actual application requirements. For example: in areas requiring high-strength protection, the thickness of the inner metal sheet 3 can be increased, or the embedded area of ​​the energetic material can be increased, and the embedded shape of the energetic material can be optimized; in weight-sensitive areas, lighter materials can be selected, or the thickness of the metal sheet 3 can be appropriately reduced.

[0031] Specifically, two sets of simulation comparison experiments were designed to verify the protective performance of the embedded energetic material protection structure under space debris impact conditions. First, a composite protective plate with a specific configuration was designed based on the proposed embedded structure scheme. The energetic material of the protective plate is a fluoropolymer-based energetic active material PTFE / Al with a density of 2.20 g / cm 3; High impedance metal material is 2024 aluminum alloy, with a density of 2.78g / cm 3 In the designed configuration, square energetic materials are embedded into an aluminum alloy matrix to form an embedded geometric structure with dimensions such as Figure 4 As shown, the sizes of a and b are 4 mm and 3 mm respectively; h 1 and h 2 The dimensions are 4 mm and 2 mm. After calculation, the surface density of the composite structure is 1.047 g / cm 2 , which is equivalent to a 3.77 mm thick 2024 aluminum alloy plate. In order to compare the performance, a 2024 aluminum alloy plate with the same surface density was selected as the control group.

[0032] In order to evaluate the protection performance, a typical actual impact condition is set up, such as Figure 5 As shown. The working condition simulates the process of spherical space debris impacting two target plates at different speeds, where the first layer is a different protective structure (embedded composite protective plate or control aluminum alloy plate), and the second layer is the bulkhead that needs to be protected. The space debris and the bulkhead materials are consistently made of 2024 aluminum alloy. The diameter of the space debris is set to 5mm, and the impact speed of the space debris is set to 3km / s, 5km / s and 7km / s respectively to simulate a typical high-speed impact scenario. These speed ranges are highly representative and can simulate the space debris impact environment that a spacecraft may encounter when operating in orbit.

[0033] Under the above working conditions, the designed embedded composite protection structure and the control aluminum alloy plate were simulated and calculated respectively. The simulation results are shown in Figure 2. Figure 6 As shown. It can be seen from the figure that at all set speeds, the embedded energetic material composite protection structure shows better protection performance than the aluminum alloy plate with the same surface density. This is due to the synergistic effect of energetic materials and high-impedance metal materials: the high-impedance metal material provides strong impact resistance and initial fragment dispersion, while the embedded energetic material releases energy through deflagration during the impact process, and combined with the impedance mismatch effect of the two, the kinetic energy of the fragments is further weakened. It can be further seen from the simulation results that the composite protection plate can still effectively protect the bulkhead when dealing with a 7km / s hypervelocity impact, showing higher protection efficiency and reliability. In contrast, the aluminum alloy plate has a relatively weaker protection effect under the same conditions and is more easily penetrated by high-speed debris. This shows that the embedded energetic material space debris protection structure shows more significant advantages under hypervelocity impact conditions.

[0034] The embodiments of the present invention are described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned specific implementation modes, which are merely illustrative rather than restrictive. Under the guidance of the present invention, ordinary technicians in this field can also make many forms without departing from the scope of protection of the present invention and the claims, all of which are within the protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An embedded energetic material space debris protection structure combined with impedance mismatch effect, used to protect space debris with a particle size of less than 1 cm, characterized in that: The device comprises a high-impedance metal plate and energetic material blocks, wherein the energetic material blocks are evenly spaced and embedded in the high-impedance metal plate, and the energetic material is composed of inert material and reactive metal particles.

2. The embedded energetic material space debris protection structure incorporating impedance mismatch effect according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mechanical impedance of the high impedance metal plate is greater than 10 7 N·s / m 3 .

3. The embedded energetic material space debris protection structure incorporating impedance mismatch effect according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-impedance metal plate is made of aluminum alloy or titanium alloy.

4. The embedded energetic material space debris protection structure incorporating impedance mismatch effect according to claim 1, characterized in that: The energetic material block can produce a deflagration reaction when hit at a speed greater than 2 km / s.

5. The embedded energetic material space debris protection structure incorporating impedance mismatch effect according to claim 1, characterized in that: The energetic material block is made of a mixture of metal and polymer.

6. The embedded energetic material space debris protection structure incorporating impedance mismatch effect according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material used for the energetic material block is an intermetallic compound.

7. The embedded energetic material space debris protection structure incorporating impedance mismatch effect according to claim 1, characterized in that: The energetic material block is made of PTFE / Al, THV / Ta or Al / Ni.

8. The embedded energetic material space debris protection structure incorporating impedance mismatch effect according to claim 1, characterized in that: The energetic material block is a cuboid or a cylinder.

9. The embedded energetic material space debris protection structure incorporating impedance mismatch effect according to claim 1, characterized in that: A metal thin plate is also provided inside the high-impedance metal plate.

10. The embedded energetic material space debris protection structure incorporating impedance mismatch effect according to claim 9, characterized in that: The high-impedance metal plate is integrally formed with the metal thin plate.

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