Derrick structure

Abstract

The invention relates to a derrick structure which comprises a derrick body, a racking platform, a hoisting mechanism, a cage ladder platform assembly and an adjusting support assembly, the derrick body comprises a section IV, a section III, a section II, a section I and a base section which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, the section I, the section II and the section III are of foldable structures, and every two adjacent sections are connected through a pin shaft; the hoisting mechanism is arranged on the base section, and two hydraulic winches are used for hoisting the sections to working positions according to the sequence of the section IV, the section III, the section II and the section I through steel wire ropes and pulleys; the cage ladder platform assembly comprises two sets of ladder systems, and ladders on the two sides can reach a racking platform and a crown block platform from a drilling platform face. The section I, the section II and the section III are transported in a folding manner, so that the use size of the derrick is ensured and the transportation size is met; the crown block and the derrick IV section are integrally installed and transported, the base section is transported in a sheet mode, and other sections are folded and transported; the derrick is manually synchronized through the lifting puffers on the two sides, and eccentric wear in the derrick lifting process is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of oil and gas drilling, and in particular to a derrick structure. Background Art

[0002] In the field of oil and gas drilling, compared with the rotary K-type derrick, the vertical lifting derrick has a smaller footprint, a compact structure, and low transportation size and cost. It is especially suitable for mountainous environments with limited size, hilly areas with complex terrain, and densely populated areas with high land use costs.

[0003] The modular design, modular transportation, and key components of the derrick structure, which are quick to combine and disassemble, are of great significance for reducing the number of derrick transportation modules and improving the efficiency of integrated transportation and disassembly and installation.

[0004] The main structure of the existing upright set derrick is that each section is welded into a door frame. The transportation size limits the size of the derrick frame. The derrick has a small cross-section and cannot be adapted to automated equipment such as top drives. The transportation size is large and cannot be adapted to areas with complex terrain. The degree of modularization is not high and loading is slow during transportation. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a derrick structure which is easy to disassemble and assemble, transport and lift and is suitable for various well sites.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a derrick structure, characterized in that it includes a derrick body, a second-floor platform, a lifting mechanism, a cage ladder platform assembly and an adjustable support assembly, the derrick body includes section IV, section III, section II, section I and a base section arranged in sequence from top to bottom, section IV is an integral welded structure with detachable guide rails on both sides; section I, section II and section III are foldable structures, and adjacent sections are connected by pins; the lifting mechanism is arranged on the base section, and two hydraulic winches are used to lift each section to a working position through wire ropes and pulleys in the order of section IV, section III, section II and section I; the second-floor platform is installed between section I and the base section; the cage ladder platform assembly includes two sets of ladder systems, and the ladders on both sides start from the drilling table and can reach the second-floor platform and the overhead traveling crane platform; the adjustable support assembly is located at the bottom of the derrick to ensure that the center of the derrick overhead traveling crane is aligned with the center of the wellhead.

[0007] Preferably, the base section includes a single piece of the derrick, a back connecting frame and a diagonal tie rod, and the left and right pieces of the derrick are fixedly connected by a first back crossbeam, a second back crossbeam and a back connecting frame, a first diagonal brace is provided between the first back crossbeam and the second back crossbeam, and a second diagonal brace is provided between the second back crossbeam and the back connecting frame.

[0008] Preferably, a lifting limit device is provided on the front and rear columns of the base section, which has three functions of full opening, anti-overlifting and anti-slipping; the load is transmitted between section I and the base section through the locking pin block, and the latch plate is rotated by flipping the latch plate by the handle of the pin withdrawal device, thereby supporting section I of the derrick.

[0009] Preferably, section IV is the uppermost section of the derrick, with the upper end connected to the overhead crane and the lower end connected to section III; when lifting, it is hoisted as a whole with the overhead crane and directly hoisted into the base section; section IV is made of H-shaped steel as the main material, with rectangular tubes and angle steels as auxiliary materials, the middle body adopts a truss welded structure, and the guide rails on both sides are connected to the derrick body with double pins to ensure the stability of the guide rails.

[0010] Preferably, section II is the middle section, which adopts a foldable structure. The main material is H-shaped steel, and rectangular tubes and angle steels are auxiliary materials. The left and right pieces are welded as a whole and connected in the middle with a double pin shaft.

[0011] The beneficial effects achieved by the present invention are:

[0012] 1. Meet the transportation size: Sections I, II and III are folded for transportation to ensure that the derrick usage size meets the transportation size;

[0013] 2. Compact structure: The overhead crane and the derrick IV section are installed and transported as a whole, the base section is transported in pieces, and the remaining sections are folded for transportation;

[0014] 3. Adjustable hoisting synchronization: The derrick is manually synchronized by lifting small winches on both sides to reduce eccentric wear during the derrick hoisting process. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1-2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0016] Figure 3-4 The figure is a schematic diagram of the structure of the main body of the derrick;

[0017] Figure 5 This is a working state diagram of the lifting limit device;

[0018] Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of a locking pin device;

[0019] Figure 7-8 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of segment IV;

[0020] Figure 9-11 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of Section II;

[0021] Figure 12-13 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the base segment;

[0022] Figure 14-15 It is a structural schematic diagram of the adjustment support assembly;

[0023] Fig.16It is a structural schematic diagram of the cage ladder platform assembly;

[0024] In the figure: 1- overhead crane; 2- main body of the derrick; 3- second floor platform; 4- lifting mechanism; 5- riser; 6- cage ladder platform assembly; 7- drilling platform; 8- adjusting gasket; 9- derrick mounting support; 21- section IV; 22- section III; 23- section II; 24- section I; 25- base; 26- articulated seat; 27- lifting limit device; 28- locking pin device; 211- lifting ear; 212- removable guide rail; 213- main body of section VI; 214- connecting pin shaft; 215- auxiliary winch pulley seat; 216- locking pin block; 217- locking pin block; 218- lifting lifting ear; 231- left single piece; 232- right single piece; 233- hooking pin; 234- connecting ear plate; 235- lifting ear; 236-locking pin block; 237-lifting eye; 238-hook ear plate; 239-connecting pin; 2310-rotating pin; 251-derrick single piece; 252-lifting small winch; 253-front leg; 254-connecting rod; 255-back beam I; 256-guide wheel I; 257-guide wheel II; 258-first diagonal brace; 259-locking pin device; 2510-back beam II; 2511-second diagonal brace; 2512-back connecting frame; 61-IV section ladder; 62-III section ladder; 63-II section ladder; 64-I section ladder; 65-top platform of base; 66-base ladder; 67-locking pin platform; 68-winch platform; 69-lower ladder. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The technical solution of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] like Figure 1-16As shown, a derrick structure of the present invention comprises a derrick body 2, a second-floor platform 3, a lifting mechanism 4, a cage ladder platform assembly 6 and an adjustable support assembly. The derrick body 2 comprises a IV section 21, a III section 22, a II section 23, a I section 24 and a base section 25 which are arranged in sequence from top to bottom. The IV section 21 is an integrally welded structure with detachable guide rails on both sides; the I section 24, the II section 23 and the III section 22 are foldable structures, and the adjacent sections are connected by pins; the lifting mechanism 4 is arranged on the base section 25, and two hydraulic winches are used to lift each section to a working position through steel wire ropes and pulleys in the order of the IV section 21, the III section 22, the II section 23 and the I section 24; the second-floor platform 3 is installed between the I section 24 and the base section 25; the cage ladder platform assembly 6 comprises two sets of ladder systems, and the ladders on both sides start from the drilling platform 7 and can reach the second-floor platform 3 and the overhead traveling crane platform; the adjustable support assembly is located at the bottom of the derrick to ensure that the center of the derrick overhead traveling crane is aligned with the center of the wellhead.

[0027] The derrick structure of the present invention is a front-opening K-type derrick without guy ropes, which is mainly composed of a derrick body 2, a second-layer platform 3, a lifting mechanism 4, a cage ladder platform assembly 6, a riser and an adjustable support assembly, etc. The derrick body 2 is a vertical telescopic structure, which is lifted in sections; the lifting mechanism 4 is arranged on the base section 25, and two hydraulic winches are used to lift each section to the working position through a wire rope and a pulley system in the order of section IV 21, section III 22, section II 23, and section I 24.

[0028] Combination Figure 3-4 In this embodiment, the derrick body 2 is composed of five sections, namely, section IV 21, section III 22, section II 23, section I 24 and base section 25. Section IV 21 is an integrally welded structure with detachable guide rails on both sides, section I 24, section II 23 and section III 22 are foldable structures, and sections are connected by pins; the base section 25 is composed of left and right frame, back connection frame, inclined rods, etc., the straight section is connected by bolts, and the lower inclined section is connected by pins.

[0029] Combination Figure 5 As shown, the front and rear columns of the derrick base section 25 are provided with lifting limit devices 27, which have three states and functions: fully open, anti-overlifting, and anti-slip. Figure 6 As shown, the load is transmitted between the derrick section I 24 and the base section 25 via eight locking pin blocks, and the latch plate 282 is flipped by the handle 281 of the pin withdrawal device 28 to rotate the latch plate, thereby supporting the derrick section I 24.

[0030] Combination Figure 7-8 As shown, the derrick section IV 21 is the uppermost section of the derrick, with the upper end connected to the overhead crane (bolt connection) and the lower end connected to other sections of the derrick (pin connection). When hoisting, it is hoisted as a whole with the overhead crane and directly hoisted into the derrick base section 25.

[0031] Section IV 21 is made of H-shaped steel as the main material, with rectangular tubes and angle steel as auxiliary materials. The middle body adopts a truss welding structure, and the guide rails on both sides are connected to the derrick body with double pins to ensure the stability of the guide rails.

[0032] Combination Figure 9-11 As shown, the derrick II section 23 is the middle section, which can be used as a standard section to increase the section so that the derrick can adapt to the arrangement of 3 stands (about 28 meters) of drill pipes.

[0033] The derrick II section 23 is a foldable structure, the main material is H-shaped steel, and the rectangular tube and angle steel are auxiliary materials. The left and right single pieces (231, 232) are welded as a whole, and the middle is connected by a double pin shaft (connecting pin 239 and rotating pin 2310), so that the section can be rotated and folded, so that the section can be transported as a whole without being completely disassembled, realizing fast movement and fast installation.

[0034] The derrick base section 25 is the load-bearing and important lifting section of the entire derrick. It is the core load-bearing component of the derrick and its main functions are:

[0035] A. Connect the drilling platform

[0036] B. Lifting other sections of the derrick

[0037] C. Carrying derrick load

[0038] D. Ensure the stability of the derrick superstructure

[0039] The rear legs of the derrick base section 25 are welded from H-shaped steel, the front legs are made of large-section rectangular tubes, the back connecting frame 12 is made of H-shaped steel, and is connected to the rear legs by (but not limited to) bolts, and is connected to the back diagonal braces (the first diagonal brace 258 and the second diagonal brace 2511) by pins; the front and rear legs of the derrick base section 25 are connected to the derrick articulated seat 26 by pins, and the articulated seat 26 is connected to the drilling platform 7 by bolts.

[0040] The adjustment support assembly is located at the bottom of the derrick, and is composed of an adjustment seat (derrick mounting support 9) and an adjustment pad 8. The adjustment pad 8 has three sets of U-shaped grooves, which can be smoothly inserted between the adjustment seat and the derrick support of the drilling platform. By adding adjustment pads 8 of different thicknesses, the center of the derrick crane is ensured to be aligned with the center of the wellhead.

[0041] Two sets of ladder systems are installed in this well. The ladders on both sides start from the drilling platform and can reach the second-floor platform and the overhead crane platform. Three sets of platforms are set on the base section 25, namely the winch platform 68, the lock pin operation platform 67 and the base section top platform 65. Except for the derrick base section 25 (base ladder 65), other sections of ladders (IV section ladder 61, III section ladder 62, II section ladder 63, I section ladder 64) are transported and installed with each section of the derrick.

[0042] The installation process of the derrick structure of the present invention is as follows:

[0043] 1. Assembly of base section

[0044] 1) Assemble the derrick base installation platform;

[0045] 2) The left and right pieces of the derrick base are hoisted onto the platform in turn and connected with tie rods;

[0046] 3) Install lifeline;

[0047] 4) Install the top platform and ladder of the base;

[0048] 5) Install the various platforms of the base, the base ladder, the lifting fixed pulley block (transported with the derrick after the first installation), etc.;

[0049] 6) Turn over the derrick base: remove the process inclined rods, turn over the derrick base and stand it on the ground;

[0050] 2. Deployment of the main body of the derrick I, II and III sections

[0051] The main body sections I, II and III are folded / unfolded with auxiliary tooling, which consists of an L-shaped frame, a set of pulley mechanisms, a power mechanism and steel wire ropes;

[0052] 3. Remove the protective boots of sections I, II and III;

[0053] 4. Install the adjustment support assembly

[0054] Install the four sets of derrick supports on the mounting seats on the drilling floor and fasten them with bolts and double nuts; to ensure accurate installation in the future, the dimensions of the four adjustment seats should be checked;

[0055] 5. Install the base section

[0056] 1) Use a crane to hoist the turned-over base section assembly to the derrick mounting support on the drilling floor, align the pin holes and connect them using the pin shaft;

[0057] 2) Adjust the base section by adding or removing the pads to make the rear column with the guide wheel on the base section perpendicular to the horizontal plane, with a non-verticality of less than 3mm (checked with a theodolite), and at the same time ensure that the center diagonal difference of the four latch plate holes is less than 5mm;

[0058] 6. Install the introduction bracket

[0059] Install the lead-in bracket according to the lead-in bracket drawing. After installation, the left and right guide rails should be on the same horizontal plane, and the unevenness should be less than 5mm;

[0060] 7. Install and adjust the lifting device

[0061] 1) Install the hydraulic system of the lifting device, install the operating box assembly on the drilling platform, connect various hydraulic pipeline joints and connect them to the hydraulic main station of the drilling platform; when operating the derrick lifting device, the driller must operate it by observing the instrument on the operating table and reading the requirements and performance described in the manual of each component;

[0062] 2) Add hydraulic oil;

[0063] 3) Start the hydraulic system;

[0064] 4) Adjust the pressure of the hydraulic system;

[0065] 5) Install lifting rope;

[0066] 8. Derrick hoisting

[0067] 1.1. Lifting IV section and overhead crane;

[0068] 1.1.1. Operate the four locking pins to open them to avoid interference between the locking pins and the main components of each section during the subsequent lifting process;

[0069] 1.1.2. Turn over the derrick section IV and the overhead crane (including the crane frame);

[0070] 1.1.3. Vertically hoist Section IV together with the overhead crane into the base section of the derrick, so that the guide rails are guided into the guide wheels (at least two guide wheels are in the guide rails);

[0071] 1.1.4. The crane continues to slowly lift the derrick section IV;

[0072] 1.1.5. Operate the lifting limit device to place it in the position to prevent over-lifting of the derrick to avoid over-lifting;

[0073] 1.1.6. When the lock pin block is lifted to contact with the lifting limit device, operate the lock pin to work;

[0074] 1.1.7. The crane lowers the IV section (including the overhead crane and the IV section) so that the limit block of the IV section of the derrick is pressed on the locking pin block;

[0075] 1.1.8. Operate the lifting limit device to place it in the anti-slip position of the derrick to prevent the main body of the derrick from slipping upward.

[0076] 1.1.9. Operate the hydraulic winch control box to lower the lifting pulley block and the lifting rope, connect the double-ear plate at the bottom of the lifting pulley block with the single-ear plates on both sides of the bottom of the derrick section IV, insert the pin shaft and align the position;

[0077] 1.2. Introduce section III and lift section IV

[0078] 1.2.1. Lift the derrick section III horizontally onto the lead-in bracket, ensure that the derrick section III coincides with the guide rail, and the rotating shaft connected to the hook must be on the hook path; connect the auxiliary guide chain of the hydraulic winch on the drilling floor to the derrick section III;

[0079] 1.2.2. Operate the lifting limit device to place it in the fully open position;

[0080] 1.2.3. Lift the derrick section IV and operate the control box handle to the lifting position. Then the two winches will lift the derrick synchronously.

[0081] Note: During the lifting process, the driller must observe the instrument on the operating table and the upper and lower gaps between the derrick and the guide rail to determine whether the derrick is lifted synchronously. If a large synchronization error occurs, the lifting speed of the left and right sides should be adjusted in time to ensure synchronous lifting.

[0082] Operate the four locking pins to open them to avoid interference between the locking pins and the main components of each section during subsequent lifting;

[0083] 1.2.4. When lifting the derrick section IV, the shaft of section III is hung on the hook at the front end of the derrick section IV;

[0084] 1.2.5. The crane only hangs the two lifting points at the lower part of the middle section. When lifting the derrick section IV, section III should be out of contact with the track surface of the lead-in bracket;

[0085] 1.2.6. Continue to lift the derrick section IV, and use the guide chain to assist in pulling the derrick toward the winch side, so that the derrick section III slowly approaches verticality; at the same time, the personnel on the lock pin platform observe that when the side column in the middle of the derrick body (the third side column from the bottom to the top) passes the lock pin platform, operate the lifting limit device to put it in the anti-overlifting position;

[0086] 1.2.7. When the lock pin block is lifted to contact with the lifting limit device, operate the lock pin to the working position;

[0087] 1.2.8. Simultaneously operate the control box handle to the lowering position. Then the two winches will lower the IV section synchronously, so that the limit block below the IV section of the derrick is pressed on the lock pin block;

[0088] Note: During the lowering process, the driller must observe the instrument on the operating table and the upper and lower gaps between the derrick and the guide rail to determine whether the derrick is lowered synchronously. If a large synchronization error occurs, the lowering speed of the left and right sides should be adjusted in time to ensure synchronous lowering.

[0089] 1.2.9. Operate the lifting limit device to place it in the anti-slip position of the derrick to prevent the main body of the derrick from slipping upward;

[0090] 1.2.10. Insert two sets of front leg pins into the pin holes of the two-section derrick connecting ear plates; insert two sets of rear leg pins;

[0091] 1.2.11. Remove the fixing pin of the cage ladder guard;

[0092] 1.2.12. Remove the connection between the lifting movable pulley block and Section IV, operate the hydraulic winch control box to lower the lifting movable pulley block and the lifting rope, connect the double-ear plate at the bottom of the lifting movable pulley block with the single-ear plates on both sides of the bottom of Section III of the derrick, and put on the pin shaft;

[0093] 1.3. Introduce Section II and lift Section III

[0094] Same method as 1.2

[0095] 1.4. Introduce section I and lift section II

[0096] Same method as 1.2

[0097] 1.5. Lifting stage I

[0098] 1.5.1. Remove the connection between the lifting pulley block and Section II, operate the hydraulic winch control box to lower the lifting pulley block and the lifting rope, connect the double-ear plate at the bottom of the lifting pulley block with the single-ear plates on both sides of the bottom of Section I of the derrick, and put on the pin shaft;

[0099] 1.5.2. Repeat 1.2.2-1.2.3 to lift the derrick section I;

[0100] 1.5.4. When the locking pin block is lifted to about 300mm past the preset stop point, operate the locking pin to the working position and repeat the operation in 1.2.8 to stop the derrick section I at one of the two preset stop points on the derrick;

[0101] 1.5.3. Install the second-tier platform;

[0102] 1.5.4. Lifting to the correct position

[0103] Repeat 1.2.2-1.2.3 to continue lifting section I of the derrick. At the same time, the personnel on the locking platform observe that when the side column in the middle of the derrick body (the third side column from the bottom to the top) passes the locking platform, operate the lifting limit device to put it in the anti-overlifting position; repeat 1.2.7-1.2.9 to complete the lifting of the derrick.

[0104] It should be noted that the description of the above technical solutions is exemplary, and this specification can be embodied in different forms and should not be interpreted as being limited to the technical solutions set forth herein. On the contrary, providing these descriptions will make the disclosure of the present invention thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope disclosed in this specification to those skilled in the art. In addition, the technical solutions of the present invention are limited only by the scope of the claims.

[0105] Finally, it should be pointed out that the above embodiments are only representative examples of the present invention. Obviously, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and there are many variations. Any simple modification, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention should be considered to belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A derrick structure, characterized in that: It includes a derrick body, a second-floor platform, a lifting mechanism, a cage ladder platform assembly and an adjustable support assembly. The derrick body includes section IV, section III, section II, section I and a base section arranged in sequence from top to bottom. Section IV is an integral welded structure with detachable guide rails on both sides; sections I, II and III are foldable structures, and adjacent sections are connected by pins; the lifting mechanism is arranged on the base section, and two hydraulic winches are used to lift each section to the working position through wire ropes and pulleys in the order of section IV, section III, section II and section I; the second-floor platform is installed between section I and the base section; the cage ladder platform assembly includes two sets of ladder systems, and the ladders on both sides start from the drilling table and can reach the second-floor platform and the overhead traveling crane platform; the adjustable support assembly is located at the bottom of the derrick to ensure that the center of the derrick overhead traveling crane is aligned with the center of the wellhead.

2. The derrick structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The base section includes a single piece of the derrick, a back connecting frame and a diagonal tie rod. The left and right pieces of the derrick are fixedly connected by a first back crossbeam, a second back crossbeam and a back connecting frame. A first diagonal brace is provided between the first back crossbeam and the second back crossbeam, and a second diagonal brace is provided between the second back crossbeam and the back connecting frame.

3. The derrick structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: A lifting limit device is provided on the front and rear columns of the base section, which has three functions: full opening, anti-overlifting and anti-slipping. The load is transmitted between section I and the base section through the locking pin block, and the latch plate is rotated by flipping the latch plate by the handle of the pin withdrawal device, thereby supporting section I of the derrick.

4. The derrick structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: Section IV is the uppermost section of the derrick, with the upper end connected to the overhead crane and the lower end connected to Section III. When lifting, it is hoisted as a whole with the overhead crane and directly hoisted into the base section. Section IV is made of H-shaped steel as the main material, with rectangular tubes and angle steels as auxiliary materials. The middle body adopts a truss welded structure, and the guide rails on both sides are connected to the derrick body with double pins to ensure the stability of the guide rails.

5. The derrick structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: Section II is the middle section, which adopts a foldable structure. The main material is H-shaped steel, and rectangular tubes and angle steels are auxiliary materials. The left and right pieces are welded as a whole and connected in the middle with a double pin shaft.

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