Open caisson type vertical shaft heading machine and construction method

Abstract

The invention provides an open caisson type vertical shaft heading machine and a construction method, and belongs to the technical field of shield tunneling machines. Comprising a shield main body as well as a main drive, a rotary table, an excavation device and a grab bucket device which are arranged on the shield main body, the main drive is connected with the shield main body and the rotary table; the rotary table is connected with a rotary bearing in the main drive; the excavation device comprises an excavator bucket type excavation arm and / or a milling cylinder type excavation arm. The excavator bucket type excavation arm, the milling cylinder type excavation arm, the deslagging device (the grab bucket device) matched with the excavator bucket type excavation arm and the deslagging device (the slurry discharging pump and the slurry discharging pipe) matched with the milling cylinder type excavation arm are arranged, and two excavation modes and deslagging modes are adopted to form complementation; the two excavation modes and the two deslagging modes can be arranged independently or in a combined mode, so that excavation and deslagging of different stratum structures are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of shield machines and relates to a caisson type vertical shaft boring machine and a construction method. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of cities, the demand for the construction of various types of shafts is increasing, such as underground multi-story parking garages, rainwater regulation tanks, power working shafts, subway ventilation shafts and other municipal official shafts. At the same time, as the shaft depth becomes deeper and deeper, even a single shaft needs to pass through complex and changeable strata. At present, major construction groups and tunnel boring equipment manufacturers are stepping up their research and development of shaft boring equipment. Among them, the VSM shaft boring machine produced by a German company is the most typical. It adopts a construction process that combines underwater excavation and suspended sinking of prefabricated segments. It has a good application effect in soft soil, weathered rock and other strata. The principles of other types of shaft boring machines for urban environments are consistent with those of the VSM shaft boring machine, but they differ in structural form. Coincidentally, almost all caisson-type (also called sinking-type) shaft boring machines currently use mud and water to discharge slag. Due to the limitations of the diameter of the slurry discharge pipe and the slag discharge capacity of the pump, this type of shaft boring machine is difficult to cope with large-diameter pebble or boulder strata, and its application range is limited. At the same time, the mud and water slag discharge mode consumes more water resources, which is particularly unfavorable in some water-scarce areas.

[0003] Therefore, a caisson-type tunnel boring machine solution is proposed. In water-scarce strata, dry slagging can be adopted, and in water-rich strata, wet slagging or dry slagging can be adopted. The solution can adapt to a variety of geological conditions, from water-scarce to water-rich, from soft soil to rock, from gravel sand to pebbles, and solves the problem that shaft tunnel boring machines rely on a single mud circulation for slagging, and are difficult to cope with the complex and changeable geological conditions of shaft projects. This is a difficult problem that technical personnel in this field urgently need to overcome. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the defects of the prior art, the present invention provides a caisson-type shaft boring machine and a construction method, which can adapt to various geological conditions such as water-scarce to water-rich, soft soil to rock, gravel sand to pebbles, etc., and solves the problem that traditional caisson-type shaft boring machines are limited by a single mud circulation slag discharge mode and are difficult to use in pebble formations. At the same time, it solves the problem of high water resource consumption when using a mud circulation mode in water-scarce formations, thereby greatly improving the adaptability of the caisson-type shaft boring machine.

[0005] The present invention provides a caisson type shaft boring machine, comprising a shield main body and a main drive, a rotary table, an excavation device and a grab device arranged on the shield main body;

[0006] The fixed end of the main drive is fixedly connected to the shield body, and a turntable is installed on the driving end of the main drive; the turntable is connected to the slewing bearing in the main drive and rotates around the Z axis of the shaft excavation under the action of the drive unit;

[0007] The excavation device comprises a bucket-type excavation arm and / or a milling barrel-type excavation arm;

[0008] The rotary table is detachably connected to the bucket excavation arm and / or the milling drum excavation arm, and drives the bucket excavation arm and / or the milling drum excavation arm to perform rotary motion;

[0009] The milling barrel excavation arm comprises an excavation assembly and a slag discharge assembly which are connected to each other, and the slag discharge assembly is used to transport the slag generated by the excavation assembly during the excavation process to the ground;

[0010] The grab device is used to transport the rock and soil generated by the bucket-type excavation arm during the excavation process to the ground.

[0011] Optionally, the main drive is configured as a closed cabin structure.

[0012] Optionally, the main drive includes a slewing bearing, a drive unit and a sealing assembly;

[0013] The fixed end of the driving unit is fixedly connected to the shield body, and the driving end of the driving unit is fixedly connected to the slewing bearing, so as to drive the slewing bearing to rotate;

[0014] The sealing assembly is arranged between the slewing bearing and the shield body.

[0015] Optionally, a central channel is reserved in the central part of the main drive to facilitate the displacement of the grab device.

[0016] Optionally, an underwater detector is also provided at the bottom of the turntable.

[0017] Optionally, the bucket-type excavation arm is provided with at least one group;

[0018] The single-group bucket excavation arm includes a boom, a boom cylinder, a bucket arm, a bucket arm cylinder, a bucket cylinder and an excavation head;

[0019] One end of the movable arm is hinged to the rotary table, and the other end of the movable arm is hinged to the middle section of the bucket arm;

[0020] One end of the boom cylinder is hinged to the turntable, and the other end of the boom cylinder is hinged to the boom, so as to drive the boom to swing relative to the turntable;

[0021] One end of the arm cylinder is hinged to the middle section of the boom, and the other end of the arm cylinder is hinged to one end of the arm, so as to drive the arm to swing relative to the boom;

[0022] An excavator head is hinged on the other end of the bucket arm, and a bucket cylinder is provided on the middle section of the bucket arm near the excavator head. One end of the bucket cylinder is hinged to the bucket arm, and the other end of the bucket cylinder is hinged to the excavator head for driving the excavator head to swing relative to the bucket arm.

[0023] Optionally, the grab device includes a gantry crane, a trolley lifting mechanism, a grab bucket and a soil bucket;

[0024] One end of the gantry crane is fixedly installed on the tunnel, and the other end of the gantry crane is extended in the vertical direction to an end away from the tunnel excavation face, and two sets of trolley lifting mechanisms are arranged at intervals on the extended end of the gantry crane;

[0025] A grab bucket is installed on the driving end of the single-group trolley lifting mechanism, which is used to drive the grab bucket to move in the vertical direction to a soil bucket for storing slag.

[0026] Optionally, the milling barrel excavation arm is provided with at least one group;

[0027] A single set of the milling barrel excavation arm comprises a milling barrel, a milling barrel base, a swing arm group, a swing cylinder, a slurry discharge pump and a slurry discharge pipe;

[0028] One end of the swing arm group is hinged to the turntable, and the other end of the swing arm group is installed with a milling barrel base;

[0029] The milling cylinder is installed on the milling cylinder base;

[0030] One end of the swing cylinder is hinged to the turntable, and the other end of the swing cylinder is hinged to the swing arm group, so as to drive the swing arm group to swing relative to the turntable;

[0031] One end of the slurry discharge pipe is arranged at the milling barrel and connected to the slurry discharge pump, and the other end of the slurry discharge pipe extends to the ground.

[0032] Optionally, the caisson-type shaft boring machine further includes a support arm connected to the shield body, a main machine lifting unit and a shaft lifting unit;

[0033] The support arm is used to support the caisson-type shaft boring machine during the excavation process;

[0034] The main machine lifting unit is used to lift the excavation-type excavation arm and / or the milling barrel-type excavation arm;

[0035] The wellbore lifting unit is used to lift the pipe segments.

[0036] The present invention also provides a construction method of a caisson type shaft boring machine, comprising the following steps:

[0037] S1. Preparation;

[0038] Depending on the excavation stratum, choose to install a bucket excavation arm or a milling barrel excavation arm, or install both a bucket excavation arm and a milling barrel excavation arm;

[0039] Installing the caisson type vertical tunnel boring machine as described above and transporting it to the tunnel excavation site;

[0040] S2, excavation;

[0041] S2.1. The main drive drives the bucket excavation arm and the milling drum excavation arm to rotate to the preset excavation angle. The milling drum excavation arm swings along the radial direction R from the center O to the edge W point for excavation. The bucket excavation arm excavates the stratum directly below the blade foot. When large boulders are detected below the blade foot, a breaker hammer or rock saw can be used to break or cut the large boulders at a fixed point, and then the grab bucket can be used to grab them out of the well.

[0042] S2.2, repeat step S2.1 until the entire section is excavated, and one excavation stroke is completed;

[0043] S3, disconnecting the main drive from the pipe segment through the support arm in the caisson type shaft boring machine, and using the main engine lifting unit in the caisson type shaft boring machine to lift the bucket excavation arm and the milling barrel excavation arm upward, so that the bucket excavation arm and the milling barrel excavation arm are separated from the excavation surface;

[0044] S4. Splice a ring of segments on the ground, release the steel strands through the wellbore lifting unit, and complete the sinking of the segments;

[0045] S5. Repeat steps S2 to S5 until the excavation of the total excavation process is finally completed.

[0046] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0047] (1) The caisson-type shaft boring machine provided by the present invention is provided with a bucket-type excavation arm and a milling barrel-type excavation arm, as well as a slag discharge device (grab device) matched with the bucket-type excavation arm and a slag discharge device (slurry discharge pump and slurry discharge pipe) matched with the milling barrel-type excavation arm. The two excavation methods and slag discharge methods complement each other, and the two excavation methods and slag discharge methods can be set separately or in combination to achieve excavation and slag discharge in different stratum structures.

[0048] (2) The construction method of a caisson-type shaft boring machine provided by the present invention can realize excavation of different strata by relying on a bucket excavation arm and / or a milling barrel excavation arm and a matching grab system and a mud pump slag discharge mechanism. The former is mainly used in soft soil or pebble strata with little water, and the latter is mainly used in soft soil, gravel sand and weathered rock strata rich in water. Both can be carried on the caisson-type shaft boring machine at the same time to complement each other. In a relatively single stratum, only one of them can be carried, and the shaft construction is more flexible.

[0049] In addition to the above-described purposes, features and advantages, the present invention has other purposes, features and advantages. The present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0050] The drawings constituting a part of this application are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the drawings:

[0051] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a caisson-type shaft boring machine in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram from top view;

[0053] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the hollow main drive;

[0054] Figure 4 yes Figure 1 The structural diagram of the middle ring turntable;

[0055] Figure 5 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the middle bucket excavation arm;

[0056] Figure 6 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the middle milling barrel excavation arm;

[0057] Figure 7 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the middle grab device.

[0058] in:

[0059] 1. Hollow main drive, 1-1, slewing bearing, 1-2, drive unit, 1-3, pipeline slewing drag chain, 1-4, sealing assembly;

[0060] 2. Annular turntable, 2-1, first hinge ear, 2-2, second hinge ear, 2-3, third hinge ear, 2-4, fourth hinge ear;

[0061] 3. Bucket excavation arm, 3-1. Boom, 3-2. Boom cylinder, 3-3. Arm, 3-4. Arm cylinder, 3-5. Bucket cylinder, 3-6. Excavation head;

[0062] 4. Milling barrel excavation arm, 4-1. Milling barrel, 4-2. Milling barrel base, 4-3. Swing arm assembly, 4-4. Swing cylinder, 4-5. Slurry discharge pump, 4-6. Slurry discharge pipe;

[0063] 5. Grab device, 5-1. Gantry crane, 5-2. Trolley lifting mechanism, 5-2-1. Cable drum, 5-3. Electric hydraulic grab, 5-4. Soil bucket, 5-5. Sensor assembly;

[0064] 6. Central channel, 7. Underwater detector, 8. Excavation surface;

[0065] ③-1, excavation position, ③-2, shovel position, ③-3, dig position, ③-4, transport position, ③-5, retract position;

[0066] ④-1, swing retracted position, ④-2, swing extended position. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0067] In order to make the above-mentioned purposes, features and advantages of the present invention more clear and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the drawings of the present invention are all simplified and use non-precise proportions, which are only used to conveniently and clearly assist in explaining the implementation of the present invention; the "number" mentioned in the present invention is not limited to the specific number in the examples in the accompanying drawings; the directions or positional relationships indicated by "front", "middle", "back", "left", "right", "up", "down", "top", "bottom", "middle", etc. mentioned in the present invention are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings of the present invention, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or components referred to must have a specific direction, nor can they be understood as limitations on the present invention.

[0068] Example:

[0069] See also Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a caisson type shaft boring machine provided by the present invention comprises a shield main body and a hollow main drive 1, an annular rotary table 2, a bucket excavation arm 3, a milling barrel excavation arm 4 and a grab device 5 arranged on the shield main body;

[0070] The fixed end of the hollow main drive 1 is fixedly connected to the shield body, and an annular turntable 2 is installed on the driving end of the hollow main drive 1; the annular turntable 2 is connected to the slewing bearing 1-1 in the hollow main drive 1, and rotates around the Z axis of the shaft excavation under the action of the drive unit 1-2;

[0071] The annular turntable 2 is detachably connected to the bucket excavation arm 3 and the milling drum excavation arm 4, so as to realize carrying the bucket excavation arm 3 and the milling drum excavation arm 4 at the same time, or is connected to the bucket excavation arm 3 or the milling drum excavation arm 4 separately, and the annular turntable 2 is used to drive the bucket excavation arm 3 and the milling drum excavation arm 4 to rotate around the Z axis of the shaft, and then cooperate with the swinging movement of the bucket excavation arm 3 and the milling drum excavation arm 4 themselves to realize the excavation of the full cross-section of the shaft;

[0072] The grab device 5 is used to transport the rock and soil generated by the bucket excavation arm 3 and / or the milling barrel excavation arm 4 during the excavation process to outside the excavation site of the caisson shaft boring machine.

[0073] Preferably, see Figure 1 As shown, the bucket excavation arm 3 starts excavation from the excavation position ③-1, and passes through the shovel position ③-2, the digging position ③-3, the transport position ③-4 and the retracted position ③-5 in sequence, completing the excavation work of a single round;

[0074] See also Figure 6 As shown, the milling barrel excavation arm 4 swings back and forth from the swing retracted position ④-1 and the swing extended position ④-2, thereby achieving excavation.

[0075] Preferably, see Figure 3 As shown, the hollow main drive 1 is configured as a closed cabin structure, and a central channel 6 is reserved in the central portion of the hollow main drive 1 to facilitate the displacement of the grab device 5.

[0076] Furthermore, the hollow main drive 1 includes a slewing bearing 1-1, a drive unit 1-2, a pipeline slewing drag chain 1-3 and a sealing assembly 1-4;

[0077] The fixed end of the driving unit 1-2 is fixedly connected to the shield body, and the driving end of the driving unit 1-2 is fixedly connected to the slewing bearing 1-1, so as to drive the slewing bearing 1-1 to rotate;

[0078] The pipeline slewing drag chain 1-3 is arranged on the inner side of the slewing bearing 1-1 and is used to place the cables in the hollow main drive 1;

[0079] The sealing assembly 1-4 is arranged between the slewing bearing 1-1 and the shield body.

[0080] Preferably, see Figure 4 As shown, the annular turntable 2 is configured as a steel box structure, and a plurality of hinge ears arranged in pairs are provided on the annular turntable 2. Specifically, the annular turntable 2 is provided with a first hinge ear 2-1, a second hinge ear 2-2, a third hinge ear 2-3 and a fourth hinge ear 2-4.

[0081] Preferably, an underwater detector 7 is provided at the bottom of the annular turntable 2 to detect the distribution of rock slag by performing a three-dimensional scan on the bottom excavation surface 8 of the shaft. Preferably, the underwater detector 7 is configured as an acoustic wave scanning detection structure to achieve operation in a mud environment.

[0082] Preferably, at least one group of the bucket excavation arms 3 is provided. Specifically, in the present embodiment, the bucket excavation arms 3 are preferably provided with two groups, and the two groups of bucket excavation arms 3 are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction C of the tunnel excavation surface 8, and have the ability to excavate soil layers and boulder layers, and can also gather the excavated debris to the central area to play a role in collecting debris.

[0083] For further preference, see Figure 5 As shown, the single-group bucket excavation arm 3 includes a boom 3-1, a boom cylinder 3-2, an arm 3-3, an arm cylinder 3-4, a bucket cylinder 3-5 and an excavation head 3-6;

[0084] One end of the movable arm 3-1 is hinged to the third hinge ear 2-3, and the other end of the movable arm 3-1 is hinged to the middle section of the bucket rod 3-3;

[0085] One end of the boom cylinder 3-2 is hinged to the fourth hinge ear 2-4, and the other end of the boom cylinder 3-2 is hinged to the boom 3-1, so as to drive the boom 3-1 to swing relative to the annular turntable 2;

[0086] One end of the arm cylinder 3-4 is hinged to the middle section of the boom 3-1, and the other end of the arm cylinder 3-4 is hinged to one end of the arm 3-3, so as to drive the arm 3-3 to swing relative to the boom 3-1;

[0087] An excavator head 3-6 is hinged on the other end of the boom 3-3, and a bucket cylinder 3-5 is provided on the middle section of the boom 3-3 near the excavator head 3-6. One end of the bucket cylinder 3-5 is hinged to the boom 3-3, and the other end of the bucket cylinder 3-5 is hinged to the excavator head 3-6, so as to drive the excavator head 3-6 to swing relative to the boom 3-3.

[0088] Further preferably, the boom cylinder 3-2, the arm cylinder 3-4 and the bucket cylinder 3-5 are all provided with built-in stroke sensors, through which the extension lengths of the boom cylinder 3-2, the arm cylinder 3-4 and the bucket cylinder 3-5 can be accurately adjusted, thereby achieving precise control of the excavation arm posture, realizing various actions such as digging, shoveling, scraping and transporting, and realizing automated operation through programmed control.

[0089] More preferably, the excavating head 3-6 is configured as an excavating attachment such as a bucket, a breaker hammer, a rock saw or a spiral drill bit that can excavate and crush the stratum.

[0090] Preferably, see Figure 6As shown, the milling barrel excavation arm 4 is provided with at least one group. Specifically, in this embodiment, the milling barrel excavation arm 4 is preferably provided with two groups, and the two groups of milling barrel excavation arms 4 are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction C of the tunnel excavation surface 8, and have the ability to excavate soil layers and boulder formations, and can also gather the excavated slag to the central area to play a role in collecting slag.

[0091] Further preferably, a single group of the milling barrel excavation arm 4 includes a milling barrel 4-1, a milling barrel base 4-2, a swing arm group 4-3, a swing cylinder 4-4, a slurry discharge pump 4-5 and a slurry discharge pipe 4-6;

[0092] One end of the swing arm group 4-3 is hinged to the first hinge ear 2-1, and the other end of the swing arm group 4-3 is installed with a milling barrel base 4-2;

[0093] The milling cylinder 4-1 is installed on the milling cylinder base 4-2;

[0094] One end of the swing cylinder 4-4 is hinged to the second hinge ear 2-2, and the other end of the swing cylinder 4-4 is hinged to the swing arm group 4-3, so as to drive the swing arm group 4-3 to swing relative to the annular turntable 2;

[0095] One end of the slurry discharge pipe 4-6 is arranged at the milling barrel 4-1 and connected to the slurry discharge pump 4-5, and the other end of the slurry discharge pipe 4-6 extends outside the caisson type shaft boring machine. The slag generated by the milling barrel 4-1 during the excavation process is pumped by the slurry discharge pump 4-5 to the outside of the caisson type shaft boring machine, so that the milling barrel excavation arm 4 has continuous excavation and slag discharge functions, and can efficiently excavate in soft soil, gravel sand, soft rock and small and medium-sized pebble formations. At the same time, small and medium-sized pebbles can also be discharged to the ground in floating pebble formations. The working process is as follows: the milling drum 4-1 can rotate around its own axis, and swing around the first hinge ear 2-1 along the shaft radial R through the swing arm group 4-3, so as to realize the excavation of the stratum under the two combined movements. A slurry pump 4-5 is also arranged at the rear of the milling drum 4-1, and a slurry pipe 4-6 is arranged at the outlet of the slurry pump 4-5. The slag cut off by the milling drum 4-1 is sucked by the slurry pump 4-5 and discharged to the ground through the pipeline.

[0096] Preferably, see Figure 7 As shown, the grab device 5 is configured as a slag discharge mechanism that matches the two sets of bucket-type excavation arms 3; the electric hydraulic grab 5-3 in the grab device 5 passes through the central channel 6 of the hollow main drive 1 to the bottom of the shaft through a gantry crane 5-1 set on the ground, and is used to grab the rock debris and transport it to the ground bucket 5-4.

[0097] Further preferably, the grab device 5 includes a gantry crane 5-1, a trolley lifting mechanism 5-2, a grab 5-3, a soil bucket 5-4, and a sensor assembly 5-5;

[0098] One end of the gantry crane 5-1 is fixedly installed on the tunnel, and the other end of the gantry crane 5-1 is extended in the vertical direction to an end away from the tunnel excavation surface, and two sets of trolley lifting mechanisms 5-2 are arranged at intervals on the extended end of the gantry crane 5-1;

[0099] A grab 5-3 is installed on the driving end of the single-group trolley lifting mechanism 5-2, which is used to drive the grab 5-3 to move vertically into the soil bucket 5-4 for storing slag. More preferably, the grab 5-3 is equipped with a hydraulic pump station, the power source of the hydraulic pump station is an electric motor, and the oil cylinder driving the grab flap to open and close is built with a stroke sensor to detect the opening and closing of the grab flap in real time, which is convenient for automatic control.

[0100] The working principle of the grab device 5 is as follows: the grab device 5 has two sets of identical trolley lifting mechanisms 5-2. When one of the trolley lifting mechanisms 5-2 moves toward the center O of the shaft to enter the slag grabbing process, the other trolley lifting mechanism 5-2 is in the process of moving horizontally from the center O of the shaft to the earth bucket 5-4 to unload the slag. The two sets of trolley lifting mechanisms 5-2 work alternately to improve the slag grabbing efficiency.

[0101] More preferably, the single set of trolley lifting mechanism 5-2 also integrates a cable reel 5-6 that rises and falls synchronously with the grab bucket, so as to supply power to the grab bucket 5-3.

[0102] More preferably, a sensor assembly 5-5 is also provided at the single group of the trolley lifting mechanism 5-2, and the sensor assembly 5-5 includes a cross switch or proximity switch for detecting the position of the trolley lifting mechanism 5-2, an encoder for measuring the height position of the grab bucket 5-3, and a weighing sensor for measuring the weight of the grab bucket 5-3. By relying on stroke detection, weighing detection and other technologies, the entire grabbing operation process is fully automatic, which improves the stability of the grabbing operation and reduces the labor intensity of the operator.

[0103] More preferably, the gantry crane 5-1 may also be other forms of lifting machinery such as a truck crane and a jib crane.

[0104] Preferably, the working process of the grab device 5 is as follows:

[0105] Step 1: Positioning: the trolley lifting mechanism 5-2 moves along the crossbeam of the gantry crane 5-1 toward the center O of the shaft and stops when it touches the stop limit switch;

[0106] Step 2: lower the empty bucket. The gantry crane 5-1 releases the grab bucket 5-3 to move downward, obtains the height of the grab bucket through the encoder, and slows down when it is about to reach the bottom of the shaft. When the grab bucket 5-3 contacts the excavation surface 10, the weighing sensor reading decreases and sends a signal, and the gantry crane 5-1 stops the release action.

[0107] Step 3: Close the claws to grab the slag. The grab petals are closed under the drive of the grab cylinder to grab the rock slag. By detecting the stroke and pressure of the grab cylinder, it is determined whether the grab petals are closed in place or clamped.

[0108] Step 4: When the bucket is fully loaded, the trolley lifting mechanism 5-2 lifts the grab bucket 5-3, obtains the height of the grab bucket through the encoder, and stops at the preset height.

[0109] Step 5: Open the claws to unload the slag. The trolley lifting mechanism 5-2 moves along the crossbeam of the gantry crane 5-1 from the center O′ to the bucket 5-4. When it touches the stop limit switch, it stops, the claws open, and the slag is unloaded into the bucket 5-4.

[0110] Step 6: Repeat steps 1 to 5 to complete the grabbing cycle.

[0111] Step 7. To avoid collision between the two groups of trolley lifting mechanisms 5-2 when they work alternately, add waiting time and anti-collision detection in the program, and shorten the waiting time and improve the grasping efficiency by reasonably allocating the time for each process.

[0112] As a further embodiment of the present invention, in addition to the above structure, the central channel 6 of the hollow main drive 1 and the annular turntable 2 can be circular or square, etc., to adapt to different slag discharge mechanisms.

[0113] As a further embodiment of the present invention, in addition to the above structure, the caisson-type shaft boring machine further includes a support arm connected to the shield body, a main machine lifting unit and a shaft lifting unit;

[0114] The support arm is used to support the caisson-type shaft boring machine during the excavation process;

[0115] The main machine lifting unit is used to lift the excavation-type excavation arm 3 and / or the milling barrel-type excavation arm 4;

[0116] The wellbore lifting unit is used to lift the pipe segments.

[0117] As a further embodiment of the present invention, in addition to the above-mentioned structure, other structures of the caisson-type shaft boring machine refer to the prior art.

[0118] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the present invention also provides a construction method for tunneling using the above-mentioned caisson-type shaft boring machine, comprising the following steps:

[0119] S1. According to the geological conditions explored in advance, different excavation devices are selected. When encountering soft upper and hard lower or local floating pebble strata, bucket excavation arms and milling barrel excavation arms are installed at the same time;

[0120] S2. The hollow main drive drives the bucket excavation arm and the milling barrel excavation arm to rotate to the preset excavation angle. The milling barrel excavation arm swings along the radial direction R from the center O to the edge W point for excavation. The bucket excavation arm excavates the stratum directly below the blade foot. When large boulders are detected below the blade foot, a breaker hammer or rock saw can be used to break or cut the large boulders at a fixed point, and then the grab bucket can be used to grab them out of the well.

[0121] S3, repeat step S2 until the excavation device completes the excavation of the entire section, at which time one excavation stroke is completed;

[0122] S4, disconnecting the hollow main drive from the pipe segment by the support arm in the caisson type shaft boring machine, and hoisting the bucket excavation arm and the milling barrel excavation arm upward by the main engine lifting unit in the caisson type shaft boring machine, so that the bucket excavation arm and the milling barrel excavation arm are separated from the excavation surface;

[0123] S5. Splice a ring of segments on the ground, release the steel strands through the wellbore lifting unit, and complete the sinking of the segments;

[0124] S6. Repeat steps S2 to S5 until the excavation of the total excavation process is finally completed.

[0125] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A caisson type shaft boring machine, characterized in that: It comprises a shield machine body, a main drive (1) arranged on the shield machine body, a rotary table (2), an excavation device and a grab device (5); The fixed end of the main drive (1) is fixedly connected to the shield body, and a turntable (2) is installed on the driving end of the main drive (1); the turntable (2) is connected to the slewing bearing (1-1) in the main drive (1), and rotates around the Z axis of the shaft excavation under the action of the drive unit (1-2); The excavation device comprises a bucket-type excavation arm (3) and / or a milling barrel-type excavation arm (4); The rotary table (2) is detachably connected to the bucket excavation arm (3) and / or the milling drum excavation arm (4), and drives the bucket excavation arm (3) and / or the milling drum excavation arm (4) to perform rotary motion; The milling barrel excavation arm (4) comprises an excavation component and a slag discharge component which are connected to each other, and the slag discharge component is used to transport the slag generated by the excavation component during the excavation process to the ground; The grab device (5) is used to transport the rock and soil generated by the bucket-type excavation arm (3) during the excavation process to the ground.

2. The caisson type shaft boring machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main drive (1) is configured as a closed cabin structure.

3. The caisson type shaft boring machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: The main drive (1) comprises a slewing bearing (1-1), a drive unit (1-2) and a sealing assembly (1-4); The fixed end of the drive unit (1-2) is fixedly connected to the shield body, and the driving end of the drive unit (1-2) is fixedly connected to the slewing bearing (1-1) for driving the slewing bearing (1-1) to rotate; The sealing assembly (1-4) is arranged between the slewing bearing (1-1) and the shield body.

4. The caisson type shaft boring machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: A central channel (6) is reserved at the central part of the main drive (1) to facilitate the displacement of the grab device (5).

5. The caisson type shaft boring machine according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: An underwater detector (7) is also arranged at the bottom of the turntable (2).

6. The caisson type shaft boring machine according to claim 5, characterized in that: The bucket-type excavation arm (3) is provided with at least one group; The single-group bucket excavation arm (3) comprises a movable arm (3-1), a movable arm cylinder (3-2), a bucket arm (3-3), a bucket arm cylinder (3-4), a bucket cylinder (3-5) and an excavation head (3-6); One end of the movable arm (3-1) is hinged to the rotating platform (2), and the other end of the movable arm (3-1) is hinged to the middle section of the boom (3-3); One end of the boom cylinder (3-2) is hinged to the turntable (2), and the other end of the boom cylinder (3-2) is hinged to the boom (3-1), so as to drive the boom (3-1) to swing relative to the turntable (2); One end of the arm cylinder (3-4) is hinged to the middle section of the boom (3-1), and the other end of the arm cylinder (3-4) is hinged to one end of the arm (3-3), so as to drive the arm (3-3) to swing relative to the boom (3-1); An excavator head (3-6) is hingedly connected to the other end of the dipper arm (3-3), and a dipper oil cylinder (3-5) is provided on the middle section of the dipper arm (3-3) close to the dipper head (3-6). One end of the dipper oil cylinder (3-5) is hingedly connected to the dipper arm (3-3), and the other end of the dipper oil cylinder (3-5) is hingedly connected to the dipper head (3-6) for driving the dipper head (3-6) to swing relative to the dipper arm (3-3).

7. The caisson-type shaft boring machine according to claim 6, characterized in that: The grab device (5) comprises a gantry crane (5-1), a trolley lifting mechanism (5-2), a grab (5-3) and a soil bucket (5-4); One end of the gantry crane (5-1) is fixedly installed on the tunnel, and the other end of the gantry crane (5-1) is extended in the vertical direction toward an end away from the tunnel excavation surface, and two sets of trolley lifting mechanisms (5-2) are arranged at intervals on the extended end of the gantry crane (5-1); A grab bucket (5-3) is installed on the driving end of the single-group trolley lifting mechanism (5-2) and is used to drive the grab bucket (5-3) to move vertically into a soil bucket (5-4) for storing slag.

8. The caisson-type shaft boring machine according to claim 5, characterized in that: The milling barrel excavation arm (4) is provided with at least one group; A single set of the milling barrel type excavation arm (4) comprises a milling barrel (4-1), a milling barrel base (4-2), a swing arm group (4-3), a swing cylinder (4-4), a slurry discharge pump (4-5) and a slurry discharge pipe (4-6); One end of the swing arm group (4-3) is hinged to the turntable (2), and the other end of the swing arm group (4-3) is mounted with a milling barrel base (4-2); The milling cylinder (4-1) is installed on a milling cylinder base (4-2); One end of the swing cylinder (4-4) is hinged to the turntable (2), and the other end of the swing cylinder (4-4) is hinged to the swing arm group (4-3), so as to drive the swing arm group (4-3) to swing relative to the turntable (2); One end of the slurry discharge pipe (4-6) is arranged at the milling cylinder (4-1) and connected to the slurry discharge pump (4-5), and the other end of the slurry discharge pipe (4-6) extends to the ground.

9. The caisson type shaft boring machine according to any one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that: It also includes a support arm connected to the shield body, a main machine lifting unit and a shaft lifting unit; The support arm is used to support the caisson-type shaft boring machine during the excavation process; The main machine lifting unit is used to lift the excavation-type excavation arm (3) and / or the milling barrel-type excavation arm (4); The wellbore lifting unit is used to lift the pipe segments.

10. A construction method for a caisson type shaft boring machine, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Preparation; Depending on the excavation stratum, choose to install a bucket excavation arm or a milling barrel excavation arm, or install both a bucket excavation arm and a milling barrel excavation arm; Installing the caisson-type vertical tunnel boring machine as claimed in claim 9 and transporting it to the tunnel excavation site; S2, excavation; S2.

1. The main drive drives the bucket excavation arm and the milling drum excavation arm to rotate to the preset excavation angle. The milling drum excavation arm swings along the radial direction R from the center O to the edge W point for excavation. The bucket excavation arm excavates the stratum directly below the blade foot. When large boulders are detected below the blade foot, a breaker hammer or rock saw can be used to break or cut the large boulders at a fixed point, and then the grab bucket can be used to grab them out of the well. S2.2, repeat step S2.1 until the entire cross-section excavation is completed, at which point one excavation stroke is completed; S3, disconnecting the main drive from the pipe segment through the support arm in the caisson type shaft boring machine, and using the main engine lifting unit in the caisson type shaft boring machine to lift the bucket excavation arm and the milling barrel excavation arm upward, so that the bucket excavation arm and the milling barrel excavation arm are separated from the excavation surface; S4. Splice a ring of segments on the ground, release the steel strands through the wellbore lifting unit, and complete the sinking of the segments; S5. Repeat steps S2 to S5 until the excavation of the total excavation process is finally completed.

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