Intelligent communication box used in photovoltaic power generation engineering control system

Abstract

The invention discloses an intelligent communication box used in a photovoltaic power generation engineering control system. The intelligent communication box mainly comprises a main control circuit, an input and output circuit, a power supply circuit, a downward communication circuit, an upward communication circuit, a positioning circuit and a charging circuit. The main control circuit is connected with the input and output circuit, the power supply circuit, the downward communication circuit, the upward communication circuit, the positioning circuit and the charging circuit. The power supply circuit is connected with the input and output circuit, the downward communication circuit, the upward communication circuit, the positioning circuit and the charging circuit. During working, the intelligent communication box controls a plurality of TCUs, collects data such as rotation angles of the TCUs and nearby environment data, and feeds the data back to the control platform for storage and analysis. The device has the advantages of being simple in structure, convenient to operate and easy to implement.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of photovoltaic power generation engineering, and in particular to an intelligent communication box used in a photovoltaic power generation engineering control system. Background Art

[0002] In photovoltaic power generation projects, the smart communication box is used to connect the communication node between the TCU (tracking bracket / sun controller) and the control station. In existing smart communication boxes, only single-protocol communication is generally used. This design has low fault tolerance and poor stability. In the event of communication failure, poor signal, or strong interference, the overall communication will be interrupted.

[0003] Therefore, the existing technology needs to be further improved and perfected. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide an intelligent communication box for use in a photovoltaic power generation engineering control system.

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0006] An intelligent communication box used in a photovoltaic power generation engineering control system mainly includes a main control circuit, an input-output circuit, a power supply circuit, a downward communication circuit, an upward communication circuit, a positioning circuit, and a charging circuit. The main control circuit is respectively connected to the input-output circuit, the power supply circuit, the downward communication circuit, the upward communication circuit, the positioning circuit, and the charging circuit. The power supply circuit is respectively connected to the input-output circuit, the downward communication circuit, the upward communication circuit, the positioning circuit, and the charging circuit.

[0007] Main control circuit

[0008] The main control circuit mainly includes a main control chip, a first crystal oscillator, a clock chip, first to seventh resistors, first to fifth capacitors, and a light emitting diode. The first end of the main control chip is connected to a battery, the fifth end is connected to the sixth end through the first crystal oscillator, and is also grounded through the first capacitor, the sixth end is connected to the fifth end through the first resistor, and is also grounded through the second capacitor, the seventh end is connected to the 3.3V voltage end through the second resistor, and is also grounded through the third capacitor, the twelfth, eighteenth, thirty-first, forty-seventh, and sixty-third ends are grounded, the thirteenth, nineteenth, thirty-second, forty-eighth, and sixty-fourth ends are connected to the 3.3V voltage end, the forty-fifth end is connected to the 3.3V voltage end through the light emitting diode and the third resistor, and the sixtieth end is grounded through the fourth resistor. The second end of the clock chip is connected to the sixty-first end of the main control chip, and is also connected to the 3.3V voltage end through the fifth resistor. The sixth end is connected to the first end of the main control chip. The tenth end is connected to the twenty-eighth end of the main control chip, and is also connected to the 3.3V voltage end through the sixth resistor. The eleventh end is grounded. The thirteenth end is connected to the fortieth end of the main control chip, and is also connected to the 3.3V voltage end through the seventh resistor.

[0009] Input and output circuit

[0010] The input-output circuit mainly includes first to third button terminals, first to second indicator light terminals, a first triode, a second triode, and eighth to fourteenth resistors.

[0011] Specifically, the collector of the first transistor is connected to the 3.3V voltage terminal through the eighth resistor, the base is connected to the 24th terminal of the main control chip through the ninth resistor, and the emitter is grounded through the first indicator terminal. The collector of the second transistor is connected to the 3.3V voltage terminal through the tenth resistor, the base is connected to the 25th terminal of the main control chip through the eleventh resistor, and the emitter is grounded through the second indicator terminal. One end of the first button terminal is connected to the eighth terminal of the main control chip, and is also connected to the 3.3V voltage terminal through the twelfth resistor, and the other end is grounded. One end of the second button terminal is connected to the ninth terminal of the main control chip, and is also connected to the 3.3V voltage terminal through the thirteenth resistor, and the other end is grounded. One end of the third button terminal is connected to the tenth terminal of the main control chip, and is also connected to the 3.3V voltage terminal through the fourteenth resistor, and the other end is grounded.

[0012] Power Circuit

[0013] The power supply circuit includes a first step-down unit and a second step-down unit. The first step-down unit includes a first chip, a second chip, a first fuse, a first diode, a second diode, a first inductor, a fifteenth resistor, and six to thirteenth capacitors. The first end of the first chip is connected to the VCC voltage terminal through the first fuse, and is also grounded through the first diode, the sixth capacitor, the seventh capacitor, the eighth capacitor, and the ninth capacitor, respectively. The second end is connected to the 5V voltage terminal through the first inductor and the fifteenth resistor, and is also grounded through the second diode. The third end is connected to the second end through the first inductor, and is also grounded through the tenth capacitor, and the fourth to eighth ends are grounded. The first end of the second chip is grounded, the second end is connected to the fourth end and the 3.3V voltage terminal, and is also grounded through the eleventh capacitor. The third end is connected to the 5V voltage terminal, and is also grounded through the twelfth capacitor and the thirteenth capacitor.

[0014] Further, the second step-down unit includes a third chip, a third diode, a second inductor, a sixteenth resistor, and fourteenth to seventeenth capacitors. The first end of the third chip is connected to the VCC_C voltage end, and is also grounded through the fourteenth capacitor, the fifteenth capacitor, and the sixteenth capacitor, respectively; the second end is connected to the 12V voltage end through the second inductor and the sixteenth resistor, and is also grounded through the third diode; the third end is connected to the second end through the second inductor, and is also grounded through the seventeenth capacitor, and the fourth to eighth ends are grounded.

[0015] Downward communication unit

[0016] The downward communication circuit includes a first selection switch, a first communication unit, a second communication unit, and a third communication unit. Specifically, the second end and the fifth end of the first selection switch are connected to the sixteenth end and the seventeenth end of the main control chip, the first end and the fourth end are connected to the second communication unit and the third communication unit respectively, and the third end and the sixth end are connected to the first communication unit. The first selection switch is operated to control the second end to be connected to the first end or the third end, and the fifth end to be connected to the fourth end or the sixth end.

[0017] Specifically, the main control chip is connected to the first communication unit, the second communication unit or the third communication unit respectively through the first selection switch. The first selection switch realizes the connection of the main control chip with the first communication unit, or with the second communication unit or the third communication unit by controlling the line to be turned on or off. The first communication unit and the main control chip are designed on the main board, and the second communication unit and the third communication unit are both designed with independent small boards, which are connected to the circuit board where the main control chip is located through a plug-in interface. The lines connecting the second communication unit and the third communication unit to the main control chip adopt a partial multiplexing design. The second communication unit and the third communication unit share the same plug-in space on the main board, and one of them can be installed during installation.

[0018] Specifically, the first communication unit includes a first chip, a first terminal, a first fuse, a second fuse, first to fifth resistors, a first capacitor, a first diode, a second diode, and a first transistor. The first end of the first chip is connected to the sixth end of the first selection switch, the second end is connected to the third end and the collector of the first transistor, and is also connected in series to the 3.3V voltage end through the first resistor, the fourth end is connected to the third end of the first selection switch, is connected in series to the 3.3V voltage end through the second resistor, and is also connected in series to the base of the first transistor through the third resistor, the fifth end is grounded, the sixth end is connected to the first end of the first terminal through the first fuse, is connected in series to the 5V voltage end through the fourth resistor, and is also grounded through the first diode, the seventh end is connected to the second end of the first terminal through the second fuse, is grounded through the fifth resistor, and is also grounded through the second diode, and the eighth end is connected to the 3.3V voltage end. The emitter of the first transistor is grounded. The 3.3V voltage end is grounded through the first capacitor.

[0019] Further, the second communication unit includes a second communication board, a second terminal, a third terminal, a sixth resistor, a seventh resistor, and a second transistor. The second terminal is welded on the mainboard, the first end of which is grounded, the second end is connected to the 5V voltage terminal, the third end is connected to the first end of the first selection switch, and is connected to the 3.3V voltage terminal through the sixth resistor, the fourth end is connected to the fourth end of the first selection switch, and the fifth end is connected to the collector of the second transistor. The base of the second transistor is connected to the thirty-fourth terminal of the main control chip and the third communication unit through the seventh resistor, and the emitter is grounded. The third terminal is welded on the mainboard, and the sixth end is connected to the forty-first terminal of the main control chip. The second communication board is plugged into the second terminal and the third terminal, and is connected to the main control chip through two terminals.

[0020] Further, the third communication unit includes a third communication board, a fourth terminal, an eighth resistor, a ninth resistor, a tenth resistor, and a second capacitor. The fourth terminal is welded on the main board, and its first end is grounded through the eighth resistor, the second end is connected to the thirty-fourth terminal of the main control chip and the second communication unit through the ninth resistor, the third end is connected to the first end of the first selection switch, the fourth end is connected to the fourth end of the first selection switch, the fifth end is connected to the main control chip through the tenth resistor, the sixth end is connected to the 5V voltage end, and is grounded through the second capacitor, and the seventh to tenth ends are grounded. The third communication board is plugged into the fourth terminal and connected to the main control chip through the fourth terminal.

[0021] As a preferred solution of the present invention, both the first diode and the second diode are transient suppression diodes.

[0022] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the first communication module adopts a module of RS485 communication protocol.

[0023] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the second communication module adopts a module of Zigbee communication protocol.

[0024] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the third communication module adopts a module of the Lora communication protocol.

[0025] The working process and principle of the downward communication circuit are as follows: the main control chip and the first communication unit are designed on the same mainboard, and communication can be achieved by operating the first selection switch to select the first communication unit to connect with the main control chip. Another option of the first selection switch is to connect the main control chip with the second communication unit and the third communication unit at the same time. Since the second communication unit and the third communication unit are both designed as independent small boards, they are connected to the mainboard by plugging, and in order to save the mainboard area and expand the use space upward, the second communication unit and the third communication unit share the same plug-in space, that is, the second communication unit and the third communication unit are selectively installed to select one of them to communicate with the main control chip.

[0026] Upward communication circuit

[0027] The upward communication circuit includes a multi-sensor unit, a fourth communication unit, and a recording unit. The main control chip is connected to the multi-sensor unit, the fourth communication unit, and the recording unit respectively. The recording unit serves as a temporary communication unit when communication is interrupted.

[0028] The multi-sensor unit includes a first transmission chip, first to fourth transmission resistors, a first transmission diode, a second transmission diode, a first transmission fuse, a second transmission fuse, a first transmission capacitor, and a first transmission terminal. The first end and the fourth end of the first transmission chip are respectively connected to the 30th and 29th ends of the main control chip, the second end is connected to the 22nd end of the main control chip through the first transmission resistor after being connected to the third end, the fourth end is connected to the 3.3V voltage end through the second transmission resistor, the fifth end is grounded, the sixth end is connected to the second end of the first transmission terminal through the first transmission fuse, and is connected to the 5V voltage end through the third transmission resistor, and is also grounded through the first transmission diode, the seventh end is connected to the third end of the first transmission terminal through the second transmission fuse, and is also grounded through the fourth transmission resistor and the second transmission diode, and the eighth end is connected to the 3.3V voltage end. The first end of the first transmission terminal is connected to the 12V voltage end, and the fourth end is grounded. The 3.3V voltage end is grounded through the first transmission capacitor.

[0029] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the multi-sensor unit further comprises a plurality of first connecting terminals, and the plurality of first connecting terminals are all connected in parallel with the first transmission terminal.

[0030] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the multi-sensor unit further includes a second transmission terminal, a third transmission fuse, a third transmission diode, a first transmission light-emitting diode, fifth to seventh transmission resistors, and a first transmission transistor. The first end of the second transmission terminal is connected to the 12V voltage terminal, the second end is connected to the 5V voltage terminal through the third transmission fuse, the third end is connected in series to the base of the first transmission transistor through the first transmission light-emitting diode and the fifth transmission resistor, and the fourth end is grounded. The collector of the first transmission transistor is connected to the thirty-ninth terminal of the main control chip, and is also connected to the 3.3V voltage terminal through the sixth transmission resistor, and the emitter is grounded. The third transmission diode is connected in parallel with the first transmission light-emitting diode. One end of the seventh transmission resistor is grounded, and the other end is connected to the connection between the first transmission light-emitting diode and the fifth transmission resistor. This module acts as a trigger switch when the thickness of snow reaches a certain level. During installation, a trigger switch needs to be connected externally to the second transmission terminal. One end of the switch is connected to the first end (12V voltage end) or the second end (5V voltage end) of the second transmission terminal, and the other end is connected to the third end of the second transmission terminal. When the snow accumulation does not reach the set weight, the switch is in the open state, the first transmission transistor is cut off, and the main control chip obtains a high-level signal. When the snow accumulation exceeds the set value, the switch is closed, the first transmission transistor is turned on to lower the pin level of the main control chip. The main control chip can determine whether the current snow thickness exceeds the set range through the high and low level states of the signal pin.

[0031] The second terminal is a multiplexed terminal, which can be used to obtain snow thickness signals and can also be connected to other modules that require power supply. That is, this terminal provides 12V and 5V voltages for external modules to use, thereby further improving the expandability of the module and making it suitable for more occasions.

[0032] Specifically, the fourth communication unit includes a second chip, eight to twelfth resistors, a second capacitor, a third capacitor, a second light-emitting diode, and a configuration button. The first end of the second chip is connected to the ground through the second light-emitting diode and the eighth resistor, the second end is connected to the fifty-second end of the main control chip through the ninth resistor, the third end is connected to the fifty-first end of the main control chip through the tenth resistor, the fifth end is connected to the 3.3V voltage end through the eleventh resistor, and is also grounded through the second capacitor, the seventh end is grounded, and the eighth end is connected to the 3.3V voltage end through the twelfth resistor. The configuration button is connected in parallel with the second capacitor. The 3.3V voltage end is grounded through the third capacitor. This module serves as the main communication channel between the NCU and the control station. The module includes an RJ45 network communication interface, through which the communication connection between the control station and the main control chip can be realized. When the main communication channel is interrupted, the main control chip can switch to the backup communication circuit and realize temporary communication with the control station through GPRS connection to the Internet.

[0033] Specifically, the fourth communication unit is also provided with a backup communication circuit, including a third chip, thirteenth to sixteenth resistors, a fourth diode, a fifth diode, a fourth fuse, a fifth fuse, a fourth capacitor, and a third terminal. The first end and the fourth end of the third chip are respectively connected to the thirty-eighth terminal and the thirty-seventh terminal of the main control chip, the second end is connected to the third end and then connected to the thirty-third terminal of the main control chip through the thirteenth resistor, the fourth end is connected to the 3.3V voltage terminal through the fourteenth resistor, the fifth end is grounded, the sixth end is connected to the first end of the third terminal through the fourth fuse, and is connected to the 5V voltage terminal through the fifteenth resistor, and is also grounded through the fourth diode, the seventh end is connected to the second end of the third terminal through the fifth fuse, and is also grounded through the sixteenth resistor and the fifth diode, and the eighth end is connected to the 3.3V voltage terminal. The 3.3V voltage terminal is grounded through the fourth capacitor.

[0034] Specifically, the recording unit includes a fourth chip, seventeenth to twenty-second resistors, fifth to eighth capacitors, a third light emitting diode, a second crystal oscillator, and a fourth terminal.

[0035] The first end and the eighteenth to twenty-second ends of the fourth chip are respectively connected to the forty-fourth end and the fifty-ninth to fifty-fifth ends of the main control chip, the third end and the fourth end are grounded at the same time, the seventh end is connected to the seventh end of the fourth terminal, and is also connected to the 3.3V voltage end through the seventeenth resistor, the ninth end is connected to the twenty-seventh end, the twenty-eighth end, and the 3.3V voltage end, the twelfth end is grounded and connected to the 3.3V voltage end through the fifth capacitor, the thirteenth end is connected to the fourteenth end through the second crystal oscillator, the fourteenth end is grounded through the sixth capacitor, the twenty-third end is connected to the second end of the fourth terminal through the eighteenth resistor, the twenty-fourth end is connected in series to the 3.3V voltage end through the nineteenth resistor and the third light-emitting diode, the twenty-fifth end is connected to the third end of the fourth terminal, and is also connected to the 3.3V voltage end through the twentieth resistor, the twenty-sixth end is connected to the fifth end of the fourth terminal, and is also connected to the 3.3V voltage end through the twenty-first resistor. The fourth end of the fourth terminal is connected to the 3.3V voltage end, the sixth end, the tenth to the thirteenth end are grounded, and the ninth end is connected to the thirty-sixth end of the main control chip and connected to the 3.3V voltage end through the twenty-second resistor. The 3.3V voltage end is grounded through the seventh capacitor and the eighth capacitor respectively. When this unit is working, it is responsible for saving the environmental data (such as wind direction, wind force, temperature, humidity, irradiance, sunrise, sunset, rain, rain and snow, etc.) and system operation data collected by the main control chip to the SD card for subsequent analysis of the data.

[0036] When the main communication channel (second chip) and the backup communication channel (third chip) cannot communicate normally, in order to solve the temporary communication problem between NCU and the control station, the SD card can be used as a medium for data interaction. The control station saves the execution command in the SD card, and then inserts the SD card into each NCU for execution. Conversely, each NCU transmits the acquired data back to the control station through the SD card. Although the communication efficiency is reduced, it can also ensure that the NCU and the control station will not be completely disconnected.

[0037] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the first transmission diode and the second transmission diode are both transient suppression diodes.

[0038] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the fourth diode and the fifth diode are both transient suppression diodes.

[0039] As a preferred solution of the present invention, one or more sensors selected from the group consisting of a rain gauge sensor, a wind speed and direction sensor, a snow depth sensor, and an irradiation sensor are connected in parallel to the first connection terminal. These sensors all use the RS485 communication protocol and are all connected to the same bus. Different devices are identified by communication addresses, thereby forming a one-master-multiple-slave networking solution with the main control chip.

[0040] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the third standby terminal is externally connected to a GPRS module. The main control chip is connected to the GPRS module via the third standby chip to achieve connection with the Internet, thereby establishing communication between the NCU and the control station.

[0041] The working process and principle of the upward communication unit are: on the one hand, the main control chip communicates with various sensors through the multi-sensor unit to obtain real-time environmental monitoring data, and on the other hand, it communicates downward with several lower-level TCUs to obtain the operating status information of each TCU and the sun tracking control information. The main control chip summarizes this information and saves it in the SD card through the recording unit. In addition, the main control chip also connects and communicates with the control station through the fourth communication unit, and sends the acquired data to the control station for analysis. When the main communication channel is interrupted, the main control chip can switch to the backup communication channel to communicate with the control station. If the backup channel is also interrupted, the SD card can be used as a temporary communication channel to communicate with the control station, thereby ensuring that the communication of the entire system will not be completely disconnected.

[0042] Positioning circuit

[0043] The positioning circuit includes a second selection switch, a first positioning unit, a second positioning unit, and an on-board debugging unit. The main control chip is connected to the first positioning unit or the second positioning unit through the second selection switch. The on-board debugging unit is connected to the main control chip. The main control chip, the second selection switch, the first positioning unit, and the on-board debugging unit are all arranged on the main board. The second positioning unit adopts an independent small board design and is connected to the second selection switch by being plugged into the main board. The second positioning unit is plugged above the first positioning unit and shares the pins of the main control chip with several circuits of the first positioning unit.

[0044] Specifically, the second end and the fifth end of the second selection switch are connected to the fifty-fourth end and the fifty-third end of the main control chip respectively, the first end and the fourth end are connected to the first positioning unit respectively, and the third end and the sixth end are connected to the second positioning unit respectively. The main control chip selects the second end to be connected to the first end or the third end through the second selection switch, and selects the fifth end to be connected to the fourth end or the sixth end at the same time.

[0045] Furthermore, the first positioning unit includes a first fixed chip, first to fourth fixed resistors, a first fixed capacitor, a first fixed inductor, a first fixed light-emitting diode, and an antenna terminal. The third terminal of the first fixed chip is connected in series to the 3.3V voltage terminal through the first fixed resistor and the first fixed light-emitting diode, the seventh terminal is connected to the signal ground, the eighth terminal is connected to the ninth terminal, and is connected in series to the antenna terminal through the second fixed resistor and the first fixed inductor, the tenth terminal, the twelfth terminal, and the thirteenth terminal are connected to the signal ground, the eleventh terminal is connected to the antenna terminal, the fourteenth terminal is connected to the signal ground through the third fixed resistor, the twentieth terminal is connected to the first terminal of the second selection switch, the twenty-first terminal is connected to the fourth terminal of the second selection switch, the twenty-third terminal is connected to the 3.3V voltage terminal, and is also connected to the twenty-fourth terminal and the signal ground through the first fixed capacitor. The antenna terminal is connected to the signal ground. The signal ground is grounded through the fourth fixed resistor.

[0046] Furthermore, the first positioning unit further includes a first fixed triode, a second fixed triode, and fifth to eighth fixed resistors. The drain of the first fixed triode is connected to the twenty-third terminal of the first fixed chip, the source is connected to the 3.3V voltage terminal through the fifth fixed resistor, and the gate is connected to the collector of the second fixed triode. The collector of the second fixed triode is connected to the source of the first fixed triode through the sixth fixed resistor, the base is connected to the sixty-second terminal of the main control chip through the seventh fixed resistor, the emitter is connected to the base through the eighth fixed resistor, and the emitter is grounded.

[0047] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the second positioning unit mainly includes a positioning plate, a second connection terminal, and a second capacitor. The second connection terminal is welded on the main board and is located on one side of the first positioning unit. Its first end is connected to the GPS_3.3V-A voltage terminal, and is also grounded through the second capacitor. The second end is grounded, the third end is connected to the third end of the second selection switch, and the fourth end is connected to the sixth end of the second selection switch. The positioning plate is plugged into the connection terminal and installed above the first positioning unit.

[0048] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the second positioning unit further includes a third fixed transistor, a fourth fixed transistor, and ninth to twelfth fixed resistors.

[0049] Specifically, the drain of the third transistor is connected to the first end of the second connection terminal, the source is connected to the 3.3V voltage terminal through the ninth resistor, and the gate is connected to the collector of the fourth transistor. The collector of the fourth transistor is connected to the source of the third transistor through the tenth resistor, the base is connected to the fiftieth terminal of the main control chip through the eleventh resistor, the emitter is connected to the base through the twelfth resistor, and the emitter is grounded.

[0050] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the on-board debugging unit mainly includes adjusting the second chip, adjusting the first terminal, adjusting the second terminal, adjusting the first fuse, adjusting the second fuse, adjusting the first diode, adjusting the second diode, adjusting the thirteenth to fifteenth resistors, and adjusting the third capacitor.

[0051] Specifically, the first end of the second chip is connected to the 43rd end of the main control chip, the second end is connected to the third end, and is also connected to the 35th end of the main control chip through the 13th resistor, the fourth end is connected to the 42nd end of the main control chip, the fifth end is grounded, the sixth end is connected to one end of the first terminal and one end of the second terminal through the first fuse, and is connected to the 5V voltage end through the fourteenth resistor, and is also grounded through the first diode, the seventh end is connected to the other end of the first terminal and the other end of the second terminal through the second fuse, and is also grounded through the fifteenth resistor, and is also grounded through the second diode, and the eighth end is connected to the 3.3V voltage end. The 3.3V voltage end is grounded through the third capacitor.

[0052] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the first transistor is a P-channel field effect transistor, and the second transistor is an NPN transistor.

[0053] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the third transistor is a P-channel field effect transistor, and the fourth transistor is an NPN transistor.

[0054] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the first positioning unit and the second positioning unit adopt one of the US Global Positioning System (GPS), the Russian GLONASS Satellite Navigation and Positioning System (GLONASS), the European Galileo Satellite Navigation and Positioning System (Galileo), and the Chinese Beidou Satellite Navigation System (BDS).

[0055] The working process and principle of the positioning circuit are as follows: in normal use, the second selection switch is operated to connect the main control chip to the first positioning unit, and the main control chip controls the first transistor to conduct and supply power to the first positioning unit. When it is necessary to switch to the second positioning unit, the positioning board is simply plugged into the connection terminal, and the second selection switch is operated at the same time to connect the line between the main control chip and the second positioning unit. The main control chip turns on the third transistor and supplies power to the positioning board to achieve switching between the two positioning systems. When necessary, the main control chip can be debugged and tested through the on-board debugging unit to ensure smooth and stable switching of the positioning system.

[0056] The charging circuit adopts a common battery charging circuit, which also includes a battery pack, which is connected to the power circuit to provide a stable and reliable power supply for the mainboard and peripheral devices.

[0057] Compared with the prior art, the present invention also has the following advantages:

[0058] (1) The communication circuits of the intelligent communication box used in the photovoltaic power generation engineering control system provided by the present invention are designed in a multi-protocol compatible manner. On the one hand, they can be applied to different protocols without designing corresponding circuits for a certain protocol. On the other hand, they can be used as communication backup. When the main communication channel is interrupted, it can switch to the backup communication channel to maintain the overall communication of the system.

[0059] (2) The intelligent communication box used in the photovoltaic power generation project control system provided by the present invention adopts two positioning circuit designs to adapt to different positioning system signals in different countries and regions, or when one of the positioning circuits fails, it can quickly switch to another positioning circuit to ensure the normal operation of the entire system.

[0060] (3) The intelligent communication box used in the photovoltaic power generation project control system provided by the present invention adopts a design scheme of isolating the sensor group power supply from the controller group power supply, so that the two power supply groups are independent and do not interfere with each other, which can effectively ensure the stability of power supply. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0061] Figure 1 The main control circuit schematic diagram of the intelligent communication box used in the photovoltaic power generation engineering control system provided by the present invention.

[0062] Figure 2It is the input and output circuit principle diagram provided by the present invention.

[0063] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of a power supply circuit provided by the present invention.

[0064] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the first selection switch circuit provided by the present invention.

[0065] Figure 5 This is a circuit schematic diagram of the first communication unit provided by the present invention.

[0066] Figure 6 It is a circuit principle diagram of the second communication unit and the third communication unit provided by the present invention.

[0067] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a multi-sensor unit circuit provided by the present invention.

[0068] Figure 8 This is a circuit schematic diagram of the fourth communication unit provided by the present invention.

[0069] Fig. 9 This is a schematic diagram of the backup communication circuit provided by the present invention.

[0070] Fig.10 This is a schematic diagram of the recording unit circuit provided by the present invention.

[0071] Fig.11 This is a schematic diagram of the second selection switch circuit provided by the present invention.

[0072] Fig.12 This is a circuit schematic diagram of the first positioning unit provided by the present invention.

[0073] Fig.13 This is a circuit schematic diagram of the second positioning unit provided by the present invention.

[0074] Fig.14 The present invention provides an on-board debugging unit circuit schematic diagram.

[0075] Description of the reference numerals in the above drawings:

[0076] Main control circuit:

[0077] MCU-main control chip, Y1-first crystal oscillator, RTC-clock chip, R1 to R7-first to seventh resistors, C1 to C5-first to fifth capacitors, LED-light emitting diode.

[0078] Input and output circuit:

[0079] KJ1 to KJ3 - the first to the third button terminals, LJ1 to LJ2 - the first to the second indicator light terminals, Q1 - the first transistor, Q2 - the second transistor, R8 to R14 - the eighth to the fourteenth resistors.

[0080] Power circuit:

[0081] U1-first chip, U2-second chip, F1-first fuse, D1-first diode, D2-second diode, L1-first inductor, R15-fifteenth resistor, C6 to C13-sixth to thirteenth capacitors.

[0082] U3-the third chip, D3-the third diode, L2-the second inductor, R16-the sixteenth resistor, C14 to C17-the fourteenth to seventeenth capacitors.

[0083] Downward communication circuit:

[0084] S1-the first selection switch, 1U1-the first chip, 1J1-the first terminal, 1F1-the first fuse, 1F2-the second fuse, 1R1 to 1R5-the first to fifth resistors, 1C1-the first capacitor, 1D1-the first diode, 1D2-the second diode, 1Q1-the first transistor.

[0085] 1J2-connected to the second terminal, 1J3-connected to the third terminal, 1R6-connected to the sixth resistor, 1R7-connected to the seventh resistor, and 1Q2-connected to the second transistor.

[0086] 1J4-connected to the fourth terminal, 1R8-connected to the eighth resistor, 1R9-connected to the ninth resistor, 1R10-connected to the tenth resistor, and 1C2-connected to the second capacitor.

[0087] Upward communication circuit:

[0088] 2U1-transmits the first chip, 2R1 to 2R4-transmits the first to fourth resistors, 2D1-transmits the first diode, 2D2-transmits the second diode, 2F1-transmits the first fuse, 2F2-transmits the second fuse, 2C1-transmits the first capacitor, 2P1-transmits the first terminal, 2P5-transmits the first connecting terminal, 2P2-transmits the second terminal, 2F3-transmits the third fuse, 2D3-transmits the third diode, LED1-transmits the first light-emitting diode, 2R5 to 2R7-transmits the fifth to seventh resistors, 2Q1-transmits the first transistor.

[0089] 2U2-the second chip, 2R8 to 2R12-the eighth to twelfth resistors, 2C2-the second capacitor, 2C3-the third capacitor, LED2-the second light emitting diode, 2K1-configuration button.

[0090] 2U3 - prepare the third chip, 2R13 to 2R16 - prepare the thirteenth to sixteenth resistors, 2D4 - prepare the fourth diode, 2D5 - prepare the fifth diode, 2F4 - prepare the fourth fuse, 2F5 - prepare the fifth fuse, 2C4 - prepare the fourth capacitor, 2P3 - prepare the third terminal.

[0091] 2U4-records the fourth chip, 2R17 to 2R22-records the seventeenth to twenty-second resistors, 2C5 to 2C8-records the fifth to eighth capacitors, LED3-records the third light emitting diode, Y2-records the second crystal oscillator, 2P4-records the fourth terminal.

[0092] Positioning circuit:

[0093] S2-the second selection switch, 3U1-the first chip, 3R1 to 3R4-the first to fourth resistors, 3C1-the first capacitor, 3L1-the first inductor, 3LED1-the first light-emitting diode, 3J1-the antenna terminal.

[0094] 3Q1-determines the first transistor, 3Q2-determines the second transistor, 3R5 to 3R8-determines the fifth to eighth resistors, 3J2-determines the second connection terminal, and 3C2-determines the second capacitor.

[0095] 3Q3- determines the third transistor, 3Q4- determines the fourth transistor, 3R9 to 3R12- determines the ninth to twelfth resistors.

[0096] 3U2- adjust the second chip, 3P1- adjust the first terminal, 3P2- adjust the second terminal, 3F1- adjust the first fuse, 3F2- adjust the second fuse, 3D1- adjust the first diode, 3D2- adjust the second diode, 3R13 to 3R15- adjust the thirteenth to fifteenth resistors, 3C3- adjust the third capacitor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0097] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear and explicit, the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0098] Embodiment 1:

[0099] like Figures 1 to 14 As shown, this embodiment discloses an intelligent communication box for use in a photovoltaic power generation engineering control system, which mainly includes a main control circuit, an input-output circuit, a power supply circuit, a downward communication circuit, an upward communication circuit, a positioning circuit, and a charging circuit. The main control circuit is respectively connected to the input-output circuit, the power supply circuit, the downward communication circuit, the upward communication circuit, the positioning circuit, and the charging circuit. The power supply circuit is respectively connected to the input-output circuit, the downward communication circuit, the upward communication circuit, the positioning circuit, and the charging circuit.

[0100] Specifically, the main control circuit mainly includes a main control chip MCU, a first crystal oscillator Y1, a clock chip RTC, first to seventh resistors R1 to R7, first to fifth capacitors C1 to C5, and a light emitting diode LED. The first end of the main control chip MCU is connected to a battery, the fifth end is connected to the sixth end through the first crystal oscillator Y1, and is also grounded through the first capacitor C1, the sixth end is connected to the fifth end through the first resistor R1, and is also grounded through the second capacitor C2, the seventh end is connected to the 3.3V voltage end through the second resistor R2, and is also grounded through the third capacitor C3, the twelfth, eighteenth, thirty-first, forty-seventh, and sixty-third ends are grounded, the thirteenth, nineteenth, thirty-second, forty-eighth, and sixty-fourth ends are connected to the 3.3V voltage end, the forty-fifth end is connected to the 3.3V voltage end through the light emitting diode LED and the third resistor R3, and the sixtieth end is grounded through the fourth resistor R4. The second end of the clock chip RTC is connected to the sixty-first end of the main control chip MCU, and is also connected to the 3.3V voltage end through the fifth resistor R5, the sixth end is connected to the first end of the main control chip MCU, the tenth end is connected to the twenty-eighth end of the main control chip MCU, and is also connected to the 3.3V voltage end through the sixth resistor R6, the eleventh end is grounded, the thirteenth end is connected to the fortieth end of the main control chip MCU, and is also connected to the 3.3V voltage end through the seventh resistor R7.

[0101] Input and output circuit

[0102] The input-output circuit mainly includes first to third button terminals KJ1 to KJ3, first to second indicator light terminals LJ1 to LJ2, a first transistor Q1, a second transistor Q2, and eighth to fourteenth resistors R8 to R14.

[0103] Specifically, the collector of the first transistor Q1 is connected to the 3.3V voltage terminal through the eighth resistor R8, the base is connected to the twenty-fourth terminal of the main control chip MCU through the ninth resistor R9, and the emitter is grounded through the first indicator terminal LJ1. The collector of the second transistor Q2 is connected to the 3.3V voltage terminal through the tenth resistor R10, the base is connected to the twenty-fifth terminal of the main control chip MCU through the eleventh resistor R11, and the emitter is grounded through the second indicator terminal LJ2. One end of the first button terminal KJ1 is connected to the eighth terminal of the main control chip MCU, and is also connected to the 3.3V voltage terminal through the twelfth resistor R12, and the other end is grounded. One end of the second button terminal KJ2 is connected to the ninth terminal of the main control chip MCU, and is also connected to the 3.3V voltage terminal through the thirteenth resistor R13, and the other end is grounded. One end of the third button terminal KJ3 is connected to the tenth terminal of the main control chip MCU, and is also connected to the 3.3V voltage terminal through the fourteenth resistor R14, and the other end is grounded.

[0104] Power Circuit

[0105] The power supply circuit includes a first buck unit and a second buck unit. The first buck unit includes a first chip U1, a second chip U2, a first fuse F1, a first diode D1, a second diode D2, a first inductor L1, a fifteenth resistor R15, and sixth to thirteenth capacitors C6 to C13. The first end of the first chip U1 is connected to the VCC voltage terminal through the first fuse F1, and is also grounded through the first diode D1, the sixth capacitor C6, the seventh capacitor C7, the eighth capacitor C8, and the ninth capacitor C9, the second end is connected to the 5V voltage terminal through the first inductor L1 and the fifteenth resistor R15, and is also grounded through the second diode D2, the third end is connected to the second end through the first inductor L1, and is also grounded through the tenth capacitor C10, and the fourth to eighth ends are grounded. The first end of the second chip U2 is grounded, the second end is connected to the fourth end and the 3.3V voltage terminal, and is also grounded through the eleventh capacitor C11, the third end is connected to the 5V voltage terminal, and is also grounded through the twelfth capacitor C12 and the thirteenth capacitor C13.

[0106] Further, the second step-down unit includes a third chip U3, a third diode D3, a second inductor L2, a sixteenth resistor R16, and fourteenth to seventeenth capacitors C14 to C17. The first end of the third chip U3 is connected to the VCC_C voltage end, and is also grounded through the fourteenth capacitor C14, the fifteenth capacitor C15, and the sixteenth capacitor C16, respectively; the second end is connected to the 12V voltage end through the second inductor L2 and the sixteenth resistor R16, and is also grounded through the third diode D3; the third end is connected to the second end through the second inductor L2, and is also grounded through the seventeenth capacitor C17, and the fourth to eighth ends are grounded.

[0107] Downward communication unit

[0108] The downward communication circuit includes a first selection switch S1, a first communication unit, a second communication unit, and a third communication unit. Specifically, the second end and the fifth end of the first selection switch S1 are connected to the sixteenth and seventeenth ends of the main control chip MCU, the first end and the fourth end are connected to the second communication unit and the third communication unit respectively, and the third end and the sixth end are connected to the first communication unit. The first selection switch S1 is operated to control the second end to be connected to the first end or the third end, and the fifth end to be connected to the fourth end or the sixth end.

[0109] Specifically, the main control chip MCU is connected to the first communication unit, the second communication unit or the third communication unit respectively through the first selection switch S1. The first selection switch S1 realizes the connection of the main control chip MCU with the first communication unit, or with the second communication unit or the third communication unit by controlling the line to be turned on or off. The first communication unit and the main control chip MCU are designed on the main board, and the second communication unit and the third communication unit are both designed with independent small boards, which are connected to the circuit board where the main control chip MCU is located through a plug-in interface. The lines connecting the second communication unit and the third communication unit to the main control chip MCU adopt a partial multiplexing design. The second communication unit and the third communication unit share the same plug-in space on the main board, and one of them can be installed during installation.

[0110] Specifically, the first communication unit includes a first chip 1U1, a first terminal 1J1, a first fuse 1F1, a second fuse 1F2, first to fifth resistors 1R1 to 1R5, a first capacitor 1C1, a first diode 1D1, a second diode 1D2, and a first transistor 1Q1. The first end of the first chip 1U1 is connected to the sixth end of the first selection switch S1, the second end is connected to the third end and the collector of the first transistor 1Q1, and is also connected in series to the 3.3V voltage end through the first resistor 1R1, the fourth end is connected to the third end of the first selection switch S1, is connected in series to the 3.3V voltage end through the second resistor 1R2, is also connected in series to the base of the first transistor 1Q1 through the third resistor 1R3, the fifth end is grounded, the sixth end is connected to the first end of the first terminal 1J1 through the first fuse 1F1, is connected in series to the 5V voltage end through the fourth resistor 1R4, is also grounded through the first diode 1D1, the seventh end is connected to the second end of the first terminal 1J1 through the second fuse 1F2, is grounded through the fifth resistor 1R5, is also grounded through the second diode 1D2, and the eighth end is connected to the 3.3V voltage end. The emitter of the first transistor 1Q1 is grounded. The 3.3V voltage end is grounded through the first capacitor 1C1.

[0111] Further, the second communication unit includes a second communication board, a second terminal 1J2, a third terminal 1J3, a sixth resistor 1R6, a seventh resistor 1R7, and a second triode 1Q2. The second terminal 1J2 is welded on the mainboard, with its first end grounded, the second end connected to the 5V voltage end, the third end connected to the first end of the first selection switch S1, and connected to the 3.3V voltage end through the sixth resistor 1R6, the fourth end connected to the fourth end of the first selection switch S1, and the fifth end connected to the collector of the second triode 1Q2. The base of the second triode 1Q2 is connected to the thirty-fourth terminal of the main control chip MCU and the third communication unit through the seventh resistor 1R7, and the emitter is grounded. The third terminal 1J3 is welded on the mainboard, and its sixth end is connected to the forty-first terminal of the main control chip MCU. The second communication board is plugged into the second terminal 1J2 and the third terminal, and is connected to the main control chip MCU through two terminals.

[0112] Further, the third communication unit includes a third communication board, a fourth terminal 1J4, an eighth resistor 1R8, a ninth resistor 1R9, a tenth resistor 1R10, and a second capacitor 1C2. The fourth terminal 1J4 is welded on the main board, and its first end is grounded through the eighth resistor 1R8, the second end is connected to the thirty-fourth terminal of the main control chip MCU and the second communication unit through the ninth resistor 1R9, the third end is connected to the first end of the first selection switch S1, the fourth end is connected to the fourth end of the first selection switch S1, the fifth end is connected to the main control chip MCU through the tenth resistor 1R10, the sixth end is connected to the 5V voltage end, and is grounded through the second capacitor 1C2, and the seventh to tenth ends are grounded. The third communication board is plugged into the fourth terminal 1J4, and is connected to the main control chip MCU through the fourth terminal 1J4.

[0113] As a preferred solution of the present invention, both the first diode 1D1 and the second diode 1D2 are transient voltage suppressor diodes.

[0114] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the first communication module adopts a module of RS485 communication protocol.

[0115] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the second communication module adopts a module of Zigbee communication protocol.

[0116] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the third communication module adopts a module of the Lora communication protocol.

[0117] The working process and principle of the downward communication circuit are as follows: the main control chip MCU and the first communication unit are designed on the same mainboard, and communication can be achieved by operating the first selection switch S1 to select the first communication unit to connect with the main control chip MCU. Another option of the first selection switch S1 is to connect the main control chip MCU with the second communication unit and the third communication unit at the same time. Since the second communication unit and the third communication unit are both designed as independent small boards, they are connected to the mainboard by plugging, and in order to save the area of ​​the mainboard and expand the use space upward, the second communication unit and the third communication unit share the same plug-in space, that is, the second communication unit and the third communication unit are selectively installed to select one of them to communicate with the main control chip MCU.

[0118] Upward communication circuit

[0119] The upward communication circuit includes a multi-sensor unit, a fourth communication unit, and a recording unit. The main control chip MCU is connected to the multi-sensor unit, the fourth communication unit, and the recording unit respectively. The recording unit serves as a temporary communication unit when communication is interrupted.

[0120] The multi-sensor unit includes a first transmission chip 2U1, first to fourth transmission resistors 2R1 to 2R4, a first transmission diode 2D1, a second transmission diode 2D2, a first transmission fuse 2F1, a second transmission fuse 2F2, a first transmission capacitor 2C1, and a first transmission terminal 2P1. The first end and the fourth end of the first transmission chip 2U1 are respectively connected to the 30th and 29th ends of the main control chip MCU, the second end is connected to the 22nd end of the main control chip MCU through the first transmission resistor 2R1 after the third end is connected, the fourth end is connected to the 3.3V voltage end through the second transmission resistor 2R2, the fifth end is grounded, the sixth end is connected to the second end of the first transmission terminal through the first transmission fuse 2F1, and is connected to the 5V voltage end through the third transmission resistor 2R3, and is also grounded through the first transmission diode 2D1, the seventh end is connected to the third end of the first transmission terminal 2P1 through the second transmission fuse 2F2, and is also grounded through the fourth transmission resistor 2R4 and the second transmission diode 2D2, and the eighth end is connected to the 3.3V voltage end. The first end of the first transmission terminal 2P1 is connected to the 12V voltage terminal, and the fourth end is grounded. The 3.3V voltage terminal is grounded through the first transmission capacitor 2C1.

[0121] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the multi-sensor unit further comprises a plurality of first connection terminals 2P5. The plurality of first connection terminals 2P5 are all connected in parallel with the first transmission terminal 2P1.

[0122] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the multi-sensor unit further includes a second transmission terminal 2P2, a third transmission fuse 2F3, a third transmission diode 2D3, a first transmission light-emitting diode LED1, fifth to seventh transmission resistors 2R5 to 2R7, and a first transmission transistor 2Q1. The first end of the second transmission terminal 2P2 is connected to the 12V voltage end, the second end is connected to the 5V voltage end through the third transmission fuse 2F3, the third end is connected to the base of the first transmission transistor 2Q1 through the first transmission light-emitting diode LED1 and the fifth transmission resistor 2R5, and the fourth end is grounded. The collector of the first transmission transistor 2Q1 is connected to the thirty-ninth end of the main control chip MCU, and is also connected to the 3.3V voltage end through the sixth transmission resistor 2R6, and the emitter is grounded. The third transmission diode 2D3 is connected in parallel with the first transmission light-emitting diode LED1. One end of the seventh transmission resistor 2R7 is grounded, and the other end is connected to the connection between the first transmission light-emitting diode LED1 and the fifth transmission resistor 2R5. This module is used as a trigger switch when the thickness of snow reaches a certain level. During installation, a trigger switch needs to be externally connected to the second terminal 2P2. One end of the switch is connected to the first end (12V voltage end) or the second end (5V voltage end) of the second terminal 2P2, and the other end is connected to the third end of the second terminal 2P2. When the snow accumulation does not reach the set weight, the switch is in the open state, the first transistor 2Q1 is cut off, and the main control chip MCU obtains a high-level signal. When the snow accumulation exceeds the set value, the switch is closed, the first transistor 2Q1 is turned on to lower the pin level of the main control chip MCU, and the main control chip MCU can determine whether the current snow thickness exceeds the set range through the high and low level states of the signal pin.

[0123] The second terminal 2P2 is a multiplexed terminal, which can be used to obtain snow thickness signals and can also be connected to other modules that require power supply. That is, the terminal provides 12V and 5V voltages for external modules to use, thereby further improving the expandability of the module and making it suitable for more occasions.

[0124] Specifically, the fourth communication unit includes a second chip 2U2, eighth to twelfth resistors 2R8 to 2R12, a second capacitor 2C2, a third capacitor 2C3, a second light-emitting diode LED2, and a configuration button 2K1. The first end of the second chip 2U2 is connected to the ground through the second light-emitting diode LED2 and the eighth resistor 2R8, the second end is connected to the fifty-second end of the main control chip MCU through the ninth resistor 2R9, the third end is connected to the fifty-first end of the main control chip MCU through the tenth resistor 2R10, the fifth end is connected to the 3.3V voltage end through the eleventh resistor 2R11, and is also grounded through the second capacitor 2C2, the seventh end is grounded, and the eighth end is connected to the 3.3V voltage end through the twelfth resistor 2R12. The configuration button 2K1 is connected in parallel with the second capacitor 2C2. The 3.3V voltage end is grounded through the third capacitor 2C3. This module is the main communication channel between NCU and control station. It contains an RJ45 network communication interface, through which the control station and the main control chip MCU can be connected. When the main communication channel is interrupted, the main control chip MCU can switch to the backup communication circuit and connect to the Internet through GPRS to achieve temporary communication with the control station.

[0125] Specifically, the fourth communication unit is also provided with a backup communication circuit, including a third chip 2U3, thirteenth to sixteenth resistors 2R13 to 2R16, a fourth diode 2D4, a fifth diode 2D5, a fourth fuse 2F4, a fifth fuse 2F5, a fourth capacitor 2C4, and a third terminal 2P3. The first end and the fourth end of the third chip 2U3 are connected to the 38th and 37th ends of the main control chip MCU respectively, the second end is connected to the 33rd end of the main control chip MCU through the 13th resistor 2R13 after the third end is connected, the fourth end is connected to the 3.3V voltage end through the 14th resistor 2R14, the fifth end is grounded, the sixth end is connected to the first end of the third terminal 2P3 through the fourth fuse 2F4, and is connected to the 5V voltage end through the 15th resistor 2R15, and is also grounded through the fourth diode 2D4, the seventh end is connected to the second end of the third terminal 2P3 through the fifth fuse 2F5, and is also grounded through the 16th resistor 2R16 and the fifth diode 2D5, and the eighth end is connected to the 3.3V voltage end. The 3.3V voltage end is grounded through the fourth capacitor 2C4.

[0126] Specifically, the recording unit includes a fourth chip 2U4, seventeenth to twenty-second resistors 2R17 to 2R22, fifth to eighth capacitors 2C5 to 2C8, a third light emitting diode LED3, a second crystal oscillator Y4, and a fourth terminal 2P4.

[0127] The first end and the eighteenth to twenty-second ends of the fourth chip 2U4 are connected to the forty-fourth end and the fifty-ninth to fifty-fifth ends of the main control chip MCU respectively, the third end and the fourth end are grounded at the same time, the seventh end is connected to the seventh end of the fourth terminal 2P4, and is also connected to the 3.3V voltage end through the seventeenth resistor 2R17, the ninth end is connected to the twenty-seventh end, the twenty-eighth end, and the 3.3V voltage end, the twelfth end is grounded and connected to the 3.3V voltage end through the fifth capacitor 2C5, and the thirteenth end is connected to the fourteenth end through the second crystal oscillator Y2. The fourteenth terminal is grounded through the sixth capacitor 2C6, the twenty-third terminal is connected to the second end of the fourth terminal 2P4 through the eighteenth resistor 2R18, the twenty-fourth terminal is connected in series to the 3.3V voltage terminal through the nineteenth resistor 2R19 and the third light-emitting diode LED3, the twenty-fifth terminal is connected to the third end of the fourth terminal 2P4, and is also connected to the 3.3V voltage terminal through the twentieth resistor 2R20, the twenty-sixth terminal is connected to the fifth end of the fourth terminal 2P4, and is also connected to the 3.3V voltage terminal through the twenty-first resistor 2R21. The fourth end of the fourth terminal 2P4 is connected to the 3.3V voltage terminal, the sixth end, the tenth to the thirteenth ends are grounded, and the ninth end is connected to the thirty-sixth end of the main control chip MCU and is connected to the 3.3V voltage terminal through the twenty-second resistor 2R22. The 3.3V voltage terminal is grounded through the seventh capacitor 2C7 and the eighth capacitor 2C8 respectively. When this unit is working, it is responsible for saving the environmental data (such as wind direction, wind force, temperature, humidity, irradiance, sunrise, sunset, rain, snow, etc.) and system operation data collected by the main control chip MCU into the SD card for subsequent data analysis.

[0128] When the main communication channel (second chip) and the backup communication channel (third chip) cannot communicate normally, in order to solve the temporary communication problem between NCU and the control station, the SD card can be used as a medium for data interaction. The control station saves the execution command in the SD card, and then inserts the SD card into each NCU for execution. Conversely, each NCU transmits the acquired data back to the control station through the SD card. Although the communication efficiency is reduced, it can also ensure that the NCU and the control station will not be completely disconnected.

[0129] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the first transmitting diode 2D1 and the second transmitting diode 2D2 are both transient voltage suppressor diodes.

[0130] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the fourth diode 2D4 and the fifth diode 2D5 are both transient voltage suppressor diodes.

[0131] As a preferred solution of the present invention, one or more sensors selected from the group consisting of a rain gauge sensor, a wind speed and direction sensor, a snow depth sensor, and an irradiation sensor are connected in parallel to the first connection terminal 2P5. These sensors all use the RS485 communication protocol and are all connected to the same bus. Different devices are identified by communication addresses, thereby forming a one-master-multiple-slave networking solution with the main control chip MCU.

[0132] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the third standby terminal 2P3 is externally connected to a GPRS module. The main control chip MCU is connected to the GPRS module through the third standby chip 2U3 to achieve connection with the Internet, thereby establishing communication between the NCU and the control station.

[0133] The working process and principle of the upward communication unit are: on the one hand, the main control chip MCU communicates with various sensors through the multi-sensor unit to obtain real-time environmental monitoring data, and on the other hand, it communicates downward with several lower-level TCUs to obtain the operating status information of each TCU and the sun tracking control information. The main control chip MCU summarizes this information and saves it in the SD card through the recording unit. In addition, the main control chip MCU also connects and communicates with the control station through the fourth communication unit, and sends the acquired data to the control station for analysis. When the main communication channel is interrupted, the main control chip MCU can switch to the backup communication channel to communicate with the control station. If the backup channel is also interrupted, the SD card can be used as a temporary communication channel to communicate with the control station, thereby ensuring that the communication of the entire system will not be completely disconnected.

[0134] Positioning circuit

[0135] The positioning circuit includes a second selection switch S2, a first positioning unit, a second positioning unit, and an on-board debugging unit. The main control chip MCU is connected to the first positioning unit or the second positioning unit through the second selection switch S2. The on-board debugging unit is connected to the main control chip MCU. The main control chip MCU, the second selection switch S2, the first positioning unit, and the on-board debugging unit are all arranged on the main board. The second positioning unit adopts an independent small board design and is connected to the second selection switch S2 by being plugged into the main board. The second positioning unit is plugged above the first positioning unit and shares the pins of the main control chip MCU with several circuits of the first positioning unit.

[0136] Specifically, the second end and the fifth end of the second selection switch S2 are respectively connected to the fifty-fourth end and the fifty-third end of the main control chip MCU, the first end and the fourth end are respectively connected to the first positioning unit, and the third end and the sixth end are respectively connected to the second positioning unit. The main control chip MCU selects the second end to be connected to the first end or the third end through the second selection switch S2, and selects the fifth end to be connected to the fourth end or the sixth end.

[0137] Further, the first positioning unit includes a first fixed chip 3U1, first to fourth fixed resistors 3R1 to 3R4, a first fixed capacitor 3C1, a first fixed inductor 3L1, a first fixed light-emitting diode 3LED1, and a 3J1 antenna terminal. The third terminal of the first fixed chip 3U1 is connected in series to the 3.3V voltage terminal through the first fixed resistor 3R1 and the first fixed light-emitting diode 3LED1, the seventh terminal is connected to the signal ground, the eighth terminal is connected to the ninth terminal, and is connected in series to the antenna terminal 3J1 through the second fixed resistor 3R2 and the first fixed inductor 3L1, the tenth terminal, the twelfth terminal, and the thirteenth terminal are connected to the signal ground, the eleventh terminal is connected to the antenna terminal 3J1, the fourteenth terminal is connected to the signal ground through the third fixed resistor 3R3, the twentieth terminal is connected to the first terminal of the second selection switch S2, the twenty-first terminal is connected to the fourth terminal of the second selection switch S2, the twenty-third terminal is connected to the 3.3V voltage terminal, and is also connected to the twenty-fourth terminal and the signal ground through the first fixed capacitor 3C1. The antenna terminal 3J1 is connected to the signal ground. The signal ground is grounded via a fourth resistor 3R4.

[0138] Furthermore, the first positioning unit also includes a first fixed transistor 3Q1, a second fixed transistor 3Q2, and fifth to eighth fixed resistors 3R5 to 3R8. The drain of the first fixed transistor 3Q1 is connected to the twenty-third terminal of the first fixed chip 3U1, the source is connected to the 3.3V voltage terminal through the fifth fixed resistor 3R5, and the gate is connected to the collector of the second fixed transistor 3Q2. The collector of the second fixed transistor 3Q2 is connected to the source of the first fixed transistor 3Q1 through the sixth fixed resistor 3R6, the base is connected to the sixty-second terminal of the main control chip MCU through the seventh fixed resistor 3R7, the emitter is connected to the base through the eighth fixed resistor 3R8, and the emitter is grounded.

[0139] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the second positioning unit mainly includes a positioning plate, a second connection terminal 3J2, and a fixed second capacitor 3C2. The second connection terminal 3J2 is welded on the main board and is located on one side of the first positioning unit. Its first end is connected to the GPS_3.3V_A voltage terminal, and is also grounded through the fixed second capacitor 3C2. The second end is grounded, the third end is connected to the third end of the second selection switch S2, and the fourth end is connected to the sixth end of the second selection switch S2. The positioning plate is plugged into the second connection terminal 3J2 and installed above the first positioning unit.

[0140] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the second positioning unit further includes a third fixed transistor 3Q3, a fourth fixed transistor 3Q4, and ninth to twelfth fixed resistors 3R9 to 3R12.

[0141] Specifically, the drain of the third transistor 3Q3 is connected to the first end of the second connection terminal 3J2, the source is connected to the 3.3V voltage terminal through the ninth resistor 3R9, and the gate is connected to the collector of the fourth transistor 3Q4. The collector of the fourth transistor 3Q4 is connected to the source of the third transistor 3Q3 through the tenth resistor 3R10, the base is connected to the fiftieth terminal of the main control chip MCU through the eleventh resistor 3R11, the emitter is connected to the base through the twelfth resistor 3R12, and the emitter is grounded.

[0142] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the on-board debugging unit mainly includes adjusting the second chip 3U2, adjusting the first terminal 3P1, adjusting the second terminal 3P2, adjusting the first fuse 3F1, adjusting the second fuse 3F2, adjusting the first diode 3D1, adjusting the second diode 3D2, adjusting the thirteenth to fifteenth resistors 3R13 to 3R15, and adjusting the third capacitor 3C3.

[0143] Specifically, the first end of the second chip 3U2 is connected to the 43rd end of the main control chip MCU, the second end is connected to the third end, and is also connected to the 35th end of the main control chip MCU through the 13th resistor 3R13, the fourth end is connected to the 42nd end of the main control chip MCU, the fifth end is grounded, the sixth end is connected to one end of the first terminal 3P1 and one end of the second terminal 3P2 through the first fuse 3F1, and is connected to the 5V voltage end through the fourteenth resistor 3R14, and is also grounded through the first diode 3D1, the seventh end is connected to the other end of the first terminal 3P1 and the other end of the second terminal 3P2 through the second fuse 3F2, and is also grounded through the fifteenth resistor 3R15, and is also grounded through the second diode 3D2, and the eighth end is connected to the 3.3V voltage end. The 3.3V voltage end is grounded through the third capacitor 3C3.

[0144] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the first transistor 3Q1 is a P-channel field effect transistor, and the second transistor 3Q2 is an NPN transistor.

[0145] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the third transistor 3Q3 is a P-channel field effect transistor, and the fourth transistor 3Q4 is an NPN transistor.

[0146] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the first positioning unit and the second positioning unit adopt one of the US Global Positioning System (GPS), the Russian GLONASS Satellite Navigation and Positioning System (GLONASS), the European Galileo Satellite Navigation and Positioning System (Galileo), and the Chinese Beidou Satellite Navigation System (BDS).

[0147] The working process and principle of the positioning circuit are as follows: in normal use, the second selection switch S2 is operated to connect the main control chip MCU to the first positioning unit, and the main control chip MCU controls the first transistor 3Q1 to turn on and supply power to the first positioning unit. When it is necessary to switch to the second positioning unit, just plug the positioning board into the connection terminal, and operate the second selection switch S2 at the same time, so that the line between the main control chip MCU and the second positioning unit is connected, the main control chip MCU turns on the third transistor 3Q3, and supplies power to the positioning board to achieve switching between the two positioning systems. When necessary, the main control chip MCU can be debugged and tested through the on-board debugging unit to ensure smooth and stable switching of the positioning system.

[0148] The charging circuit adopts a common battery charging circuit, which also includes a battery pack, which is connected to the power circuit to provide a stable and reliable power supply for the mainboard and peripheral devices.

[0149] The above embodiments are preferred implementation modes of the present invention, but the implementation modes of the present invention are not limited to the above embodiments. Any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications that do not deviate from the spirit and principles of the present invention should be equivalent replacement methods and are included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An intelligent communication box used in a photovoltaic power generation engineering control system, characterized in that: It includes a main control circuit, an input-output circuit, a power supply circuit, a downward communication circuit, an upward communication circuit, a positioning circuit, and a charging circuit; the main control circuit is respectively connected to the input-output circuit, the power supply circuit, the downward communication circuit, the upward communication circuit, the positioning circuit, and the charging circuit; the power supply circuit is respectively connected to the input-output circuit, the downward communication circuit, the upward communication circuit, the positioning circuit, and the charging circuit; The main control circuit includes a main control chip, a first crystal oscillator, a clock chip, first to seventh resistors, first to fifth capacitors, and a light emitting diode; the first end of the main control chip is connected to the battery, the fifth end is connected to the sixth end through the first crystal oscillator, and is also grounded through the first capacitor, the sixth end is connected to the fifth end through the first resistor, and is also grounded through the second capacitor, the seventh end is connected to the 3.3V voltage end through the second resistor, and is also grounded through the third capacitor, the twelfth, eighteenth, thirty-first, forty-seventh, and sixty-third ends are grounded, the thirteenth, nineteenth, thirty-second, forty-eighth, and sixty-third ends are grounded, The fourth terminal is connected to the 3.3V voltage terminal, the forty-fifth terminal is connected to the 3.3V voltage terminal through the light-emitting diode and the third resistor, and the sixtieth terminal is grounded through the fourth resistor; the second end of the clock chip is connected to the sixty-first terminal of the main control chip, and is also connected to the 3.3V voltage terminal through the fifth resistor, the sixth terminal is connected to the first end of the main control chip, the tenth terminal is connected to the twenty-eighth terminal of the main control chip, and is also connected to the 3.3V voltage terminal through the sixth resistor, the eleventh terminal is grounded, the thirteenth terminal is connected to the fortieth terminal of the main control chip, and is also connected to the 3.3V voltage terminal through the seventh resistor.

2. The intelligent communication box used in the photovoltaic power generation engineering control system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The input-output circuit includes first to third button terminals, first to second indicator light terminals, a first triode, a second triode, and eighth to fourteenth resistors; The collector of the first transistor is connected to the 3.3V voltage terminal through the eighth resistor, the base is connected to the twenty-fourth terminal of the main control chip through the ninth resistor, and the emitter is grounded through the first indicator light terminal; the collector of the second transistor is connected to the 3.3V voltage terminal through the tenth resistor, the base is connected to the twenty-fifth terminal of the main control chip through the eleventh resistor, and the emitter is grounded through the second indicator light terminal; one end of the first button terminal is connected to the eighth terminal of the main control chip, and is also connected to the 3.3V voltage terminal through the twelfth resistor, and the other end is grounded; one end of the second button terminal is connected to the ninth terminal of the main control chip, and is also connected to the 3.3V voltage terminal through the thirteenth resistor, and the other end is grounded; one end of the third button terminal is connected to the tenth terminal of the main control chip, and is also connected to the 3.3V voltage terminal through the fourteenth resistor, and the other end is grounded.

3. The intelligent communication box used in the photovoltaic power generation engineering control system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The power supply circuit includes a first step-down unit and a second step-down unit; The first step-down unit includes a first chip, a second chip, a first fuse, a first diode, a second diode, a first inductor, a fifteenth resistor, and sixth to thirteenth capacitors; the first end of the first chip is connected to the VCC voltage end through the first fuse, and is also grounded through the first diode, the sixth capacitor, the seventh capacitor, the eighth capacitor, and the ninth capacitor respectively; the second end is connected to the 5V voltage end through the first inductor and the fifteenth resistor, and is also grounded through the second diode; the third end is connected to the second end through the first inductor, and is also grounded through the tenth capacitor, and the fourth to eighth ends are grounded; the first end of the second chip is grounded, the second end is connected to the fourth end and the 3.3V voltage end, and is also grounded through the eleventh capacitor; the third end is connected to the 5V voltage end, and is also grounded through the twelfth capacitor and the thirteenth capacitor respectively.

4. The intelligent communication box used in the photovoltaic power generation engineering control system according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The second step-down unit includes a third chip, a third diode, a second inductor, a sixteenth resistor, and fourteenth to seventeenth capacitors; the first end of the third chip is connected to the VCC_C voltage end, and is also grounded through the fourteenth capacitor, the fifteenth capacitor, and the sixteenth capacitor respectively, the second end is connected to the 12V voltage end through the second inductor and the sixteenth resistor, and is also grounded through the third diode, the third end is connected to the second end through the second inductor, and is also grounded through the seventeenth capacitor, and the fourth to eighth ends are grounded.

5. The intelligent communication box used in the photovoltaic power generation engineering control system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The downward communication circuit includes a first selection switch, a first communication unit, a second communication unit, and a third communication unit; the second end of the first selection switch is connected to the sixteenth end of the main control chip, and the fifth end is connected to the seventeenth end of the main control chip; The first communication unit includes a first chip, a first terminal, a first fuse, a second fuse, first to fifth resistors, a first capacitor, a first diode, a second diode, and a first transistor; The first end of the first chip is connected to the sixth end of the first selection switch, the second end is connected to the third end and the collector of the first transistor, and is also connected in series to the 3.3V voltage end through the first resistor. The fourth end is connected to the third end of the first selection switch, is connected in series to the 3.3V voltage end through the second resistor, and is also connected in series to the base of the first transistor through the third resistor. The fifth end is grounded, the sixth end is connected to the first end of the first terminal through the first fuse, is connected in series to the 5V voltage end through the fourth resistor, and is also grounded through the first diode. The seventh end is connected to the second end of the first terminal through the second fuse, is grounded through the fifth resistor, and is also grounded through the second diode. The eighth end is connected to the 3.3V voltage end; the emitter of the first transistor is grounded; the 3.3V voltage end is grounded through the first capacitor.

6. The intelligent communication box used in the photovoltaic power generation engineering control system according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The second communication unit includes a second communication board, a second terminal, a third terminal, a sixth resistor, a seventh resistor, and a second triode; The second terminal is welded on the mainboard, with its first end being grounded, the second end being connected to the 5V voltage terminal, the third end being connected to the first end of the first selection switch, and at the same time being connected to the 3.3V voltage terminal through the sixth resistor, the fourth end being connected to the fourth end of the first selection switch, and the fifth end being connected to the collector of the second transistor; the base of the second transistor is connected to the thirty-fourth terminal of the main control chip and the third communication unit through the seventh resistor, and the emitter is grounded; the third terminal is welded on the mainboard, with its sixth end being connected to the forty-first terminal of the main control chip; the second communication board is plugged into the second terminal and the third terminal, and is connected to the main control chip through the two terminals.

7. The intelligent communication box used in the photovoltaic power generation engineering control system according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The third communication unit includes a third communication board, a fourth terminal, an eighth resistor, a ninth resistor, a tenth resistor, and a second capacitor; The fourth terminal is welded on the main board, and its first end is grounded through the eighth resistor, the second end is connected to the thirty-fourth terminal of the main control chip and the second communication unit through the ninth resistor, the third end is connected to the first end of the first selection switch, the fourth end is connected to the fourth end of the first selection switch, the fifth end is connected to the main control chip through the tenth resistor, the sixth end is connected to the 5V voltage end, and is grounded through the second capacitor, and the seventh to tenth ends are grounded; the third communication board is plugged into the fourth terminal and connected to the main control chip through the fourth terminal.

8. The intelligent communication box used in the photovoltaic power generation engineering control system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The upward communication circuit includes a multi-sensor unit, a fourth communication unit, and a recording unit; the main control chip is connected to the multi-sensor unit, the fourth communication unit, and the recording unit respectively; the recording unit serves as a temporary communication unit when the communication is interrupted; The multi-sensor unit includes a first transmission chip, first to fourth transmission resistors, a first transmission diode, a second transmission diode, a first transmission fuse, a second transmission fuse, a first transmission capacitor, and a first transmission terminal; the first end and the fourth end of the first transmission chip are respectively connected to the 30th end and the 29th end of the main control chip, the second end is connected to the 22nd end of the main control chip through the first transmission resistor after being connected to the third end, the fourth end is connected to the 3.3V voltage end through the second transmission resistor, the fifth end is grounded, the sixth end is connected to the second end of the first transmission terminal through the first transmission fuse, and is connected to the 5V voltage end through the third transmission resistor, and is also grounded through the first transmission diode, the seventh end is connected to the third end of the first transmission terminal through the second transmission fuse, and is also grounded through the fourth transmission resistor and the second transmission diode, and the eighth end is connected to the 3.3V voltage end; the first end of the first transmission terminal is connected to the 12V voltage end, and the fourth end is grounded; the 3.3V voltage end is grounded through the first transmission capacitor.

9. The intelligent communication box used in the photovoltaic power generation engineering control system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The fourth communication unit includes a second chip, eighth to twelfth resistors, a second capacitor, a third capacitor, a second light emitting diode, and a configuration button; The first end of the second chip is connected to the ground in series through the second light emitting diode and the eighth resistor, the second end is connected to the fifty-second end of the main control chip through the ninth resistor, the third end is connected to the fifty-first end of the main control chip through the tenth resistor, the fifth end is connected to the 3.3V voltage end through the eleventh resistor, and is also connected to the ground through the second capacitor, the seventh end is grounded, and the eighth end is connected to the 3.3V voltage end through the twelfth resistor; the configuration button is connected in parallel with the second capacitor; The 3.3V voltage terminal is grounded through the third capacitor.

10. The intelligent communication box used in the photovoltaic power generation engineering control system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The fourth communication unit is also provided with a standby communication circuit, including a standby third chip, standby thirteenth to sixteenth resistors, a standby fourth diode, a standby fifth diode, a standby fourth fuse, a standby fifth fuse, a standby fourth capacitor, and a standby third terminal; The first end and the fourth end of the third chip are connected to the thirty-eighth end and the thirty-seventh end of the main control chip respectively. After the second end is connected to the third end, it is connected to the thirty-third end of the main control chip through the thirteenth resistor. The fourth end is connected to the 3.3V voltage end through the fourteenth resistor, the fifth end is grounded, the sixth end is connected to the first end of the third terminal through the fourth fuse, and is connected to the 5V voltage end through the fifteenth resistor, and is also grounded through the fourth diode. The seventh end is connected to the second end of the third terminal through the fifth fuse, and is also grounded through the sixteenth resistor and the fifth diode respectively. The eighth end is connected to the 3.3V voltage end; the 3.3V voltage end is grounded through the fourth capacitor.

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