A shallow tank turbulent microbubble flotation apparatus for the beneficiation of fine particles

Abstract

The application discloses shallow slot type turbulent micro-bubble flotation equipment for fine-grained mineral separation, which comprises a flotation tank, a concentrate tank, a vertically arranged feeding pipe, a countercurrent mineralization mechanism arranged in the flotation tank and a plurality of ore pulp dispersing plates arranged at the bottom of the flotation tank; the countercurrent mineralization mechanism comprises a turbulent flotation cylinder arranged in the flotation tank, a conical bottom cover connected to the bottom of the turbulent flotation cylinder, a plurality of stator plates arranged in the turbulent flotation cylinder, a rotating shaft coaxially arranged in the turbulent flotation cylinder and a plurality of rotor plates connected to the rotating shaft, and the bottom of the turbulent flotation cylinder is connected to the upper part of the ore pulp dispersing plate. The application adopts the vertical feeding mode from the top, the rotor plates rotate in the feeding port to form a negative pressure area to suck in the ore pulp, and the uniform distribution of the ore pulp can be ensured; the feeding mode is coordinated with the countercurrent mineralization of the rising gas bubbles, and the energy consumption can be further reduced. The countercurrent mineralization mechanism is compact in structure, concentrated in energy transmission and high in turbulent dissipation rate, and the energy utilization rate is greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of mineral separation, in particular to a shallow trough type turbulent microbubble flotation equipment for separating fine-grained minerals. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous advancement of global science and technology, the demand for mineral resources across all industries is increasing. At the same time, my country's requirements for the green development and utilization of mineral resources are also increasing. Therefore, there is an urgent need to improve and innovate mineral separation technologies. Despite the steady development of mineral resource mining technology in my country, easily separable resources are gradually depleting, and the problem of poor, fine, and mixed mineral resources is becoming increasingly prominent. Fine-grained minerals are difficult to effectively separate and recover, resulting in a significant waste of mineral resources.

[0003] Froth flotation is one of the most effective methods for fine-grained mineral separation. It utilizes physical and chemical reactions based on differences in mineral surface properties to separate useful minerals from gangue. Due to its high selectivity, flotation has been widely used in mineral separation. However, current flotation technology is insufficient to meet current production needs, and there is an urgent need to improve flotation efficiency. Advances in flotation technology rely not only on technological innovation and process optimization, but also on advanced flotation equipment. Currently, the most commonly used and mature flotation equipment in my country's mineral processing plants is flotation cells and flotation columns.

[0004] Flotation machines are widely used in various mineral processing plants due to their high separation efficiency, wide applicability, and ease of maintenance. However, they struggle to efficiently separate fine particles with diameters below 45 microns. This is primarily due to the small mass of fine particles, which predominantly collide with the bubbles through non-inertial forces. High-ash fine mud can easily be mechanically entrained or trapped within the clean coal foam, compromising flotation efficiency.

[0005] Flotation columns have played a significant role in the recovery of fine-grained minerals in recent years due to their simple structure, ease of maintenance, small footprint, and lack of moving parts. Their unique foaming mechanism provides ample microbubbles for fine-grained flotation, and their thick foam layer results in high selectivity for fine particles. Representative flotation column types include the Jameson column, the cyclone microbubble flotation column, the direct air-filled flotation column, and other novel flotation columns. These columns have demonstrated superior performance compared to flotation cells in industrial processing of fine-grained minerals. However, flotation columns still have limitations in practical engineering. To improve separation efficiency, conventional flotation columns must be increased in height to prolong the residence time of mineral particles within the column. However, excessively high column height can limit the carrying capacity of the bubbles, leading to particle and bubble separation and reduced concentrate recovery. Furthermore, increasing column height can pose challenges to plant assembly. Furthermore, coarse particles have a lower chance of coming into contact with the bubbles within the flotation column, making effective flotation difficult.

[0006] To address these challenges, two-stage flotation equipment has emerged, effectively alleviating the problems of low mineral recovery and poor selectivity. Combining turbulent agitation with static separation, two-stage flotation equipment leverages the advantages of both flotation machines and flotation columns to ensure the separation of both fine and coarse particles, significantly improving flotation efficiency while reducing equipment footprint.

[0007] For example, patent CN116422477A discloses a turbulent flotation machine suitable for efficient separation of ultrafine particles. This machine constructs a physically isolated turbulent flotation zone and a static separation zone in a flotation cell. In the turbulent flotation zone, a large number of microbubbles are formed by intense turbulence, achieving rapid and sufficient mineralization. In the static separation zone, efficient separation of foam and pulp is achieved, thereby effectively improving the flotation effect and being suitable for efficient separation of ultrafine minerals. However, this type of flotation machine still has shortcomings. For example, CN119216112A discloses an improved high-efficiency turbulent microbubble flotation device with a complex structure and a high static separation zone. During the process of the concentrate being loaded and rising by bubbles, the problem of ore particles and bubbles shedding remains serious, which reduces the concentrate recovery rate. Furthermore, patent CN116422477A adopts a bottom feeding solution, which results in poor feed uniformity and increases energy consumption.

[0008] Therefore, it is necessary to further improve the existing technology to provide a more reliable flotation solution. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a shallow trough turbulent microbubble flotation equipment for fine-grained mineral separation in view of the deficiencies in the above-mentioned prior art.

[0010] To solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a shallow trough turbulent microbubble flotation equipment for fine-grained mineral separation, comprising a flotation cell, a concentrate cell, a vertically arranged feed pipe, a countercurrent mineralization mechanism arranged inside the flotation cell, and a plurality of pulp dispersion plates arranged at the bottom of the flotation cell;

[0011] The countercurrent mineralization mechanism includes a turbulent flotation cylinder arranged in the flotation tank, a conical bottom cover connected to the bottom of the turbulent flotation cylinder, a plurality of stator plates arranged inside the turbulent flotation cylinder, a rotating shaft coaxially arranged inside the turbulent flotation cylinder, and a plurality of rotor plates connected to the rotating shaft. The bottom of the turbulent flotation cylinder is connected to the upper part of the pulp dispersion plate.

[0012] The feed pipe is vertically arranged on the turbulent flow flotation cylinder and is communicated with the interior of the turbulent flow flotation cylinder.

[0013] Preferably, the stator plate and the rotor plate are mutually embedded structures, and there is always a gap for the ore pulp to pass between the two during the rotation of the rotor plate relative to the stator plate.

[0014] Preferably, as viewed along the horizontal section, the plurality of rotor plates and the plurality of stator plates are radially arranged around the rotation shaft;

[0015] In the vertical direction, the rotor plate is formed with rotor protrusions and rotor recesses arranged at intervals, the stator plate is formed with stator protrusions and stator recesses arranged at intervals, the rotor protrusions are fitted into the stator recesses, and the stator protrusions are fitted into the rotor recesses, thereby forming a structure in which the rotor plate and the stator plate are mutually embedded;

[0016] The rotor protrusions and the stator recesses are in matching shapes and are both trapezoidal, and the stator protrusions and the rotor recesses are in matching shapes and are both trapezoidal, so that when the rotor plate rotates relative to the stator plate, there is always a gap for the ore pulp to pass between the rotor protrusions and the stator recesses and between the stator protrusions and the rotor recesses.

[0017] Preferably, from the center line of the rotation shaft to the outer periphery, the height of the rotor protrusion gradually decreases, and the height of the stator protrusion gradually increases;

[0018] From the center line of the rotation shaft to the outer periphery, the first hollow structure and the second hollow structure are sequentially arranged on the rotor protrusion, and the second hollow structure and the first hollow structure are sequentially arranged on the stator protrusion.

[0019] Preferably, the first hollow structure includes a plurality of vertical through-slots arranged at intervals in the horizontal direction, and the second hollow structure includes a first horizontal through-slot and at least one group of second horizontal through-slots symmetrically arranged on the upper and lower sides of the first horizontal through-slot;

[0020] The vertical through-slots and the second horizontal through-slots are both trapezoidal, and the first horizontal through-slot is a parallelogram;

[0021] From the center line of the rotation shaft to the outer periphery, the height of the vertical through-slots and the second horizontal through-slots on the rotor protrusion gradually decreases, and the height of the vertical through-slots and the second horizontal through-slots on the stator protrusion gradually increases.

[0022] Preferably, the ore pulp dispersion plate is vertically connected to the bottom of the flotation tank, and as viewed from the top, a plurality of ore pulp dispersion plates are arranged in a ring shape at the outer periphery of the turbulent flotation cylinder, and the connection position of the turbulent flotation cylinder and the ore pulp dispersion plate is on the inner side of the ore pulp dispersion plate.

[0023] The ore pulp dispersion plate is provided with transverse grid holes.

[0024] Preferably, the interior of the rotating shaft is hollow to form an air inlet channel, the upper end of the rotating shaft forms an air inlet, and the middle and lower parts of the rotating shaft are provided with air holes.

[0025] Preferably, the concentrate tank is arranged around the upper periphery of the flotation tank, and the concentrate tank is connected to a concentrate pipe;

[0026] The flotation cell is cylindrical, and the turbulent flow flotation cylinder is coaxially arranged in the flotation cell;

[0027] The bottom of the flotation tank is connected with a tailings pipe.

[0028] Preferably, the turbulent flotation cylinder is further connected to a sleeve, and the upper end of the rotating shaft passes through the sleeve and is driven by a motor.

[0029] Preferably, a plurality of baffles are vertically connected to the inner wall of the flotation tank. When viewed along a horizontal cross section, the baffles extend from the periphery to the center, and the baffles are arranged at intervals in a ring shape on the periphery of the pulp dispersion plate.

[0030] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0031] (1) The present invention provides a shallow trough turbulent microbubble flotation equipment for fine-grained mineral sorting. The present invention adopts a vertical feeding method from above. The rotor plate rotates at the feeding port to form a negative pressure zone to suck the slurry, which can ensure that the slurry is evenly distributed. This feeding method cooperates with the rising bubble countercurrent mineralization to further reduce energy consumption.

[0032] (2) The countercurrent mineralization mechanism of the present invention has a compact structure, concentrated energy transfer, and a high turbulence dissipation rate, which greatly improves energy utilization; the high turbulence environment strongly promotes the recovery of fine particles, greatly shortening the flotation cycle.

[0033] (3) The present invention optimizes the shape of the stator plate and the rotor plate, and sets a first hollow structure and a second hollow structure of a special shape and combination on the stator plate and the rotor plate, thereby strengthening the cutting effect of the stator plate and the rotor plate on the bubbles and the uniform stirring effect on the slurry, and improving the efficiency of converting the stirring energy into the power of the collision between the slurry and the bubbles, thereby promoting the production of richer and more uniform microbubbles.

[0034] (4) The present invention further shortens the height of the static separation zone through the optimized design of the countercurrent mineralization mechanism and the coordinated cooperation with structures such as the pulp dispersion plate, which is beneficial to reducing the probability of mineral particles and bubbles falling off during the process of the concentrate being loaded and rising by bubbles, thereby improving the flotation efficiency.

[0035] (5) The flotation cell of the present invention adopts a countercurrent mineralization mechanism, which promotes multiple collisions and adhesions between bubbles and mineral particles during relative motion, prolongs the action time, enhances the mineralization effect, and significantly improves the recovery rate of useful minerals.

[0036] (6) The present invention adopts a unique inner and outer two-layer structure: the static separation zone is arranged around the turbulent flotation cylinder. The overall structure is simple and compact, and the size is small, which greatly reduces the assembly difficulty and manufacturing cost of the equipment, allowing more flotation machines to be arranged in a limited plant area to meet production needs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the external structure of a shallow trough turbulent microbubble flotation equipment for fine-grained mineral separation in Example 1;

[0038] Figure 2 This is a schematic top view of the structure of a shallow trough turbulent microbubble flotation equipment for fine-grained mineral separation in Example 1;

[0039] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the interior of the turbulent microbubble flotation device after the cross-section at AA;

[0040] Figure 4 for Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the internal planar structure of the turbulent microbubble flotation device after the section at AA;

[0041] Figure 5 for Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the turbulent microbubble flotation device after the cross-section at the middle BB;

[0042] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the structure of the rotor plate and the rotating shaft in Example 1;

[0043] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the structure of the conical bottom cover and the rotor plate in Example 1;

[0044] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the rotor plate and the rotor plate in Example 1;

[0045] Figure 9 2. The simulated flow velocity vector diagram in the turbulent microbubble flotation device of Example 1;

[0046] Figure 10 1 is a flow velocity diagram simulated in the turbulent microbubble flotation device of Example 1;

[0047] Figure 11 This is a pressure diagram simulated in the turbulent microbubble flotation device of Example 1;

[0048] Figure 12 Schematic diagram of the structure of the rotor plate and the rotating shaft inside the comparative example;

[0049] Figure 13The yield and ash content of clean coal and tail coal of four flotation equipment CFM1, CFM2, TJW and XFD used in the test examples of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 14 These are the recovery rate indicators of the four flotation devices CFM1, CFM2, TJW, and XFD in the test example of the present invention.

[0051] Description of reference numerals:

[0052] 1—flotation tank; 11—tailings pipe; 12—baffle;

[0053] 2—concentrate trough; 21—concentrate pipe;

[0054] 3—feed pipe;

[0055] 4—countercurrent mineralization mechanism; 41—turbulent flotation cylinder; 42—conical bottom cover; 43—stator plate; 44—rotating shaft; 45—rotor plate; 46—first hollow structure; 47—second hollow structure; 48—sleeve; 49—motor; 431—stator protrusion; 432—stator recess; 441—air inlet; 442—air inlet channel; 443—air hole; 451—rotor protrusion; 452—rotor recess; 461—vertical through slot; 471—first horizontal through slot; 472—second horizontal through slot;

[0056] 5—slurry dispersion plate; 51—transverse grid hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0057] The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments so that those skilled in the art can implement the invention with reference to the description.

[0058] It should be understood that terms such as “having”, “including” and “comprising” used herein do not preclude the existence or addition of one or more other elements or combinations thereof.

[0059] Example 1

[0060] A shallow trough turbulent microbubble flotation equipment for fine-grained mineral separation, comprising a flotation cell 1, a concentrate cell 2, a vertically arranged feed pipe 3, a countercurrent mineralization mechanism 4 arranged inside the flotation cell 1, and a plurality of pulp dispersion plates 5 arranged at the bottom of the flotation cell 1;

[0061] The countercurrent mineralization mechanism 4 includes a turbulent flotation drum 41 disposed in the flotation cell 1, a conical bottom cover 42 connected to the bottom of the turbulent flotation drum 41, a plurality of stator plates 43 disposed inside the turbulent flotation drum 41, a rotating shaft 44 coaxially disposed inside the turbulent flotation drum 41, and a plurality of rotor plates 45 connected to the rotating shaft 44. The bottom of the turbulent flotation drum 41 is connected to the upper part of the pulp dispersion plate 5.

[0062] The feed pipe 3 is vertically arranged on the turbulent flotation cylinder 41 and communicates with the inside of the turbulent flotation cylinder 41.

[0063] The stator plate 43 and the rotor plate 45 are in a mutually embedded structure, and there is always a gap between the stator plate 43 and the rotor plate 45 for the pulp to pass through during the rotation of the rotor plate 45 relative to the stator plate 43.

[0064] In this embodiment, along the horizontal section, the plurality of rotor plates 45 and the plurality of stator plates 43 are radially arranged around the rotation shaft 44.

[0065] In the vertical direction, the rotor plate 45 is formed with a plurality of rotor protrusions 451 and a plurality of rotor recesses 452 arranged at intervals, and the stator plate 43 is formed with a plurality of stator protrusions 431 and a plurality of stator recesses 432 arranged at intervals, the rotor protrusions 451 are matched to extend into the stator recesses 432, and the stator protrusions 431 are matched to extend into the rotor recesses 452, thereby forming a mutually embedded structure of the rotor plate 45 and the stator plate 43.

[0066] The rotor protrusions 451 and the stator recesses 432 are matched in shape and are both trapezoidal, and the stator protrusions 431 and the rotor recesses 452 are matched in shape and are both trapezoidal, so that when the rotor plate 45 rotates relative to the stator plate 43, there is always a gap between the rotor protrusions 451 and the stator recesses 432 and between the stator protrusions 431 and the rotor recesses 452 for the pulp to pass through.

[0067] The height of the rotor protrusions 451 gradually decreases from the center line of the rotation shaft 44 to the outer periphery, and the height of the stator protrusions 431 gradually increases; the first hollow structure 46 and the second hollow structure 47 are sequentially arranged on the rotor protrusions 451 from the center line of the rotation shaft 44 to the outer periphery, and the second hollow structure 47 and the first hollow structure 46 are sequentially arranged on the stator protrusions 431.

[0068] The first hollow structure includes a plurality of vertical through grooves 461 arranged at intervals in the horizontal direction, and the second hollow structure 47 includes a first horizontal through groove 471 and at least one group of second horizontal through grooves 472 symmetrically arranged on the upper and lower sides of the first horizontal through groove 471.

[0069] The vertical through grooves 461 and the second horizontal through grooves 472 are both trapezoidal, and the first horizontal through groove 471 is a parallelogram.

[0070] The heights of the vertical through grooves 461 and the second horizontal through grooves 472 on the rotor protrusions 451 gradually decrease from the center line of the rotation shaft 44 to the outer periphery, and the heights of the vertical through grooves 461 and the second horizontal through grooves 472 on the stator protrusions 431 gradually increase.

[0071] Through the structural design of the mutual interlocking of the stator plate 43 and the rotor plate 45, combined with the restrictive effect of the turbulent flotation cylinder 41 on the space in which it is located, a turbulent area with highly concentrated energy transfer and highly intense stirring can be formed inside the turbulent flotation cylinder 41, so that the bubbles can be broken up to form a large number of microbubbles under high stirring, and the particles and microbubbles can fully collide in this area, thereby achieving efficient mineralization.

[0072] The gas entering the turbulent flotation drum 41 through the air holes 443 of the rotating shaft 44 is also broken into dispersed microbubbles due to the violent rotation. The flotation reagent is fully dispersed, and the hydrophobic ultrafine particles in the slurry collide with and are adsorbed by the bubbles, achieving efficient mineralization. In this embodiment, by optimizing the shape of the stator plate 43 and the rotor plate 45, and providing a first hollow structure 46 and a second hollow structure 47 of a specially shaped and combined design on the stator plate 43 and the rotor plate 45, the stator plate 43 and the rotor plate 45 can enhance the bubble-cutting effect and the uniform stirring effect on the slurry. This can improve the efficiency of converting stirring energy into the power of collision between the slurry and the bubbles, promoting the production of richer and more uniform microbubbles. The stator plate 43 and rotor plate 45 adopt an asymmetric polygonal hollow structure, which can disrupt the symmetrical flow of the fluid, generate more turbulence and eddies, and increase the residence time of the fluid in the high shear area, thereby improving the efficiency and refinement of microbubble generation. At the same time, the fluid experiences different shear forces in different areas, avoiding excessive or weak local shear forces and improving the uniformity of microbubbles. The irregular hollow structure of the parallelogram and trapezoid combination can increase the contact area between gas and liquid, promoting gas dispersion and microbubble generation. The hole structure of the parallelogram and trapezoid combination can also reduce the rotational resistance of the rotor, allowing for more thorough mixing of the slurry at higher speeds and avoiding particle stratification due to gravity. The small interlaced gap between the stator plate 43 and the rotor plate 45 can enhance the shear effect, improve the refinement and yield of microbubbles, and form an intermittent pressure difference during operation, promoting secondary inhalation of the slurry and increasing the processing volume per unit time.

[0073] In this embodiment, the pulp dispersion plates 5 are vertically connected to the bottom of the flotation tank 1. When viewed from above, the pulp dispersion plates 5 are arranged in a ring shape on the outer periphery of the turbulent flotation cylinder 41, and the connection position between the turbulent flotation cylinder 41 and the pulp dispersion plates 5 is located on the inner side of the pulp dispersion plates 5.

[0074] The slurry dispersion plate 5 is provided with transverse grid holes 51 .

[0075] In this embodiment, the interior of the rotating shaft 44 is hollow to form an air inlet channel 442 , an air inlet 441 is formed at the upper end of the rotating shaft 44 , and an air hole 443 is opened at the middle and lower part of the rotating shaft 44 .

[0076] In this embodiment, the concentrate trough 2 is arranged around the upper periphery of the flotation cell 1 . The concentrate trough 2 is arranged inclined, and a lower section thereof is connected to a concentrate pipe 21 .

[0077] In this embodiment, the flotation cell 1 is cylindrical, and the turbulent flotation drum 41 is coaxially arranged in the flotation cell 1 ; a tailings pipe 11 is connected to the bottom of the flotation cell 1 .

[0078] In this embodiment, a sleeve 48 is further connected to the turbulent flotation cylinder 41 , and the upper end of the rotating shaft 44 passes through the sleeve 48 and is driven by a motor 49 .

[0079] In this embodiment, a plurality of baffles 12 are vertically connected to the inner wall of the flotation tank 1. Viewed along the horizontal cross section, the baffles 12 extend from the periphery toward the center, and the baffles 12 are arranged in a circular pattern at intervals around the periphery of the pulp dispersion plate 5.

[0080] The working principle of the present invention is:

[0081] The interior of the turbulent flotation cylinder 41 forms a countercurrent mineralization zone, and the exterior of the turbulent flotation cylinder 41 and the flotation tank 1 form a static separation zone.

[0082] The motor 49 drives the rotating shaft 44 to rotate, and the speed is adjustable. The slurry enters the turbulent flotation cylinder 41 vertically from top to bottom through the feed pipe 3, achieving uniform feeding. During the shearing process of the rotor plate 45 and the stator plate 43, a high shear turbulent kinetic energy area is formed. The circulation formed between the rotor plate 45 and the stator plate 43 increases the contact time between the ore particles and the bubbles, thereby improving the probability of mineralization. Figure 11 : The simulated pressure diagram of the flotation machine shows that the high-speed flowing pulp forms a negative pressure at the air hole 443 of the rotating shaft 44, and the external air enters the countercurrent mineralization zone of the flotation cell 1 under the action of the negative pressure. Figure 11 It can be seen that there is a negative pressure zone below the feed port, which can evenly draw the feed slurry into the countercurrent mineralization zone. In the narrow turbulent flotation cylinder 41, a highly turbulent environment is formed under the high-speed rotation of the rotor plate 45. The bubbles are cut into microbubbles and float upward. They collide and adsorb with the descending mineral particles in the highly turbulent environment, achieving efficient mineralization.

[0083] The slurry dispersion plate 5 and the rotor plate 45 below the countercurrent mineralization zone cooperate with each other to form a cycle, and the unmineralized particles are re-absorbed into the flotation zone, and flotation is completed in this reciprocating manner: after the slurry is thrown out by the rotor plate 45, a part of it collides with the bottom plate below almost vertically downward, then returns upward, and is sucked into the space between the rotor plate 45 and the stator rotor plate 45, and collides with the bubbles again to be mineralized; a large amount of slurry is guided by the inclined surface of the conical bottom cover 42 and collides with the bottom plate obliquely, forming a vortex and then returns, and is also sucked into the space between the rotor plate 45 and the stator rotor plate 45, and collides with the bubbles again to be mineralized; Figure 9 : The vector streamline diagram of the flotation machine simulation shows that slurry circulation is carried out in this area.

[0084] The mineralized slurry is guided by the conical bottom cover 42 and flows to the peripheral slurry dispersion plate 5, where it is evenly dispersed to the surrounding static separation area. During the foam floating process, due to the gravity of the mineral particles themselves and the collision with the surrounding baffles 12, the particles with better hydrophobicity float up with the bubbles, while the particles with poor hydrophobicity fall off the bubbles and fall down. Figure 10 The simulated flow velocity diagram inside the flotation machine shows high velocity and intense turbulence in flotation cell 1, while the velocity in the static separation zone is very low. Mineralized bubbles rise and overflow into concentrate cell 2, while tailings are discharged through the bottom tailings pipe 11.

[0085] The present invention provides a shallow-trough turbulent microbubble flotation system for fine-grained mineral sorting. This device utilizes a vertical feed method from above, which improves flotation efficiency. Vertical feed and rising bubbles form countercurrent mineralization, significantly increasing the probability of particle-bubble collisions between blades, thereby improving flotation efficiency. Vertical feed allows for more uniform material delivery into the flotation cell 1, effectively preventing mineral particle agglomeration and ensuring sufficient contact between the mineral particles, flotation reagents, and bubbles. By adjusting the feed rate, the residence time of the raw material within the flotation cell 1 is precisely controlled, ensuring sufficient time for mineral particles to collide with bubbles. Vertical feed allows the slurry to flow into the flotation cell 1 by gravity, improving sorting efficiency while reducing equipment operating time and significantly reducing energy consumption compared to traditional flotation machines. Feeding from above also prevents slurry sedimentation and clogging the feed port during equipment shutdown, ensuring stable operation. Furthermore, countercurrent mineralization and cyclonic flow within the flotation cell 1 synergistically optimize the flow field distribution. Cyclonic flow imparts complex three-dimensional characteristics to the flow field, complementing the countercurrent mineralization and preventing localized accumulation of slurry or bubbles.

[0086] The static separation zone of the present invention is arranged around the flotation cell 1, which can greatly reduce the volume of the flotation machine, reduce the site requirements, and facilitate flexible planning and installation; it is easy to arrange in a multi-story factory building and can be reasonably distributed on different floors according to the process flow and operation requirements, thereby realizing a compact and three-dimensional process flow, further improving space utilization, and making the entire production system more efficient and orderly.

[0087] Comparative Example 1

[0088] Reference Figure 12 The only difference between this example and Example 1 is that in this example, the stator protrusion 431 and the rotor protrusion 451 only have the first hollow structure 46, specifically the vertical through groove 461; from the center line of the rotating shaft 44 to the outer periphery, the height of the vertical through groove 461 on the rotor protrusion 451 gradually decreases, and the height of the vertical through groove 461 on the stator protrusion 431 gradually increases.

[0089] Test Case

[0090] In order to further illustrate the present application, the following flotation experiments were carried out on one kind of shallow slot turbulent micro-bubble flotation equipment for fine mineral separation, respectively using Example 1 (volume of 3L, referred to as CFM1) and Comparative Example 1 (volume of 3L, referred to as CFM2), and using the same flotation process parameters, taking raw coal of Linwan coal preparation plant as the flotation feed.

[0091] The flotation process parameters were as follows: the collector and frother were respectively coal oil and MIBC from the original factory, and the dosages were 640 g / t and 120 g / t; the flotation feed concentration was kept at 90 g / L, and the flotation time was 3 min.

[0092] The particle size composition of the flotation feed is shown in Table 1 below:

[0093] Table 1 Particle size composition of the flotation feed

[0094]

[0095] Particle size composition analysis: the dominant particle size of the flotation feed was -0.045 mm, accounting for 47.89% of the total sample yield, and the ash content was 37.26%. The fine particle content was high, which was prone to fine mud covering and entrainment, and was not conducive to conventional flotation separation. The coal slime content and ash content of each particle size were unevenly distributed, and the ash content of the coal slime increased with the decrease of the particle size, and the overall ash content was high. The +0.25 mm particle size coal slime content was low, and the ash content was 10.30%, but this part of low-ash coal slime was easy to be detached in the flotation separation process, and to run coarse to the flotation tailings product, which could not be effectively recovered, resulting in low ash content of the tailings.

[0096] The yield and ash content of the clean coal and tailings of the four flotation devices CFM1, CFM2, TJW and XFD are shown in Table 2, wherein CFM1 clean, CFM1 tail represent the clean coal and tailings obtained by CFM1 flotation, CFM2 clean, CFM2 tail represent the clean coal and tailings obtained by CFM2 flotation, TJW clean, TJW tail represent the clean coal and tailings obtained by TJW flotation, and XFD clean, XFD tail represent the clean coal and tailings obtained by XFD flotation. Figure 13 The flotation recovery rate index results of the four flotation devices are shown in Table 3. Figure 14 From the flotation results, it can be seen that CFM1 has the best effect, the tailings ash content is the highest, and the flotation kinetics of CFM1 is faster, which is beneficial to reducing the equipment volume. The comparison of the results of CFM1 and CFM2 shows that the flotation kinetics of CFM1 is faster than that of CFM2, and the flotation recovery rate index is also better than that of CFM2, which is due to the design of the first hollow structure 46 and the second hollow structure 47 with special shape and combination in CFM1.

[0097] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" and the like to indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0098] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed above, they are not limited to the applications listed in the description and implementation methods. They can be fully applied to various fields suitable for the present invention. For those familiar with the art, additional modifications can be easily implemented. Therefore, without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and the scope of equivalents, the present invention is not limited to specific details.

Claims

1. A shallow trough turbulent microbubble flotation equipment for fine-grained mineral separation, characterized in that: It includes a flotation tank, a concentrate tank, a vertically arranged feed pipe, a countercurrent mineralization mechanism arranged inside the flotation tank, and a plurality of pulp dispersion plates arranged at the bottom of the flotation tank; The countercurrent mineralization mechanism includes a turbulent flotation cylinder arranged in the flotation tank, a conical bottom cover connected to the bottom of the turbulent flotation cylinder, a plurality of stator plates arranged inside the turbulent flotation cylinder, a rotating shaft coaxially arranged inside the turbulent flotation cylinder, and a plurality of rotor plates connected to the rotating shaft; The feed pipe is vertically arranged on the turbulent flow flotation cylinder and is communicated with the interior of the turbulent flow flotation cylinder; In the vertical direction, the rotor plate is formed with rotor protrusions and rotor recesses spaced apart from each other, and the stator plate is formed with stator protrusions and stator recesses spaced apart from each other, the rotor protrusions fittingly extending into the stator recesses, and the stator protrusions fittingly extending into the rotor recesses, thereby forming a structure in which the rotor plate and the stator plate are interlocked with each other; From the center line of the rotating shaft to the outer periphery, the rotor protrusion is sequentially provided with a first hollow structure and a second hollow structure, and the stator protrusion is sequentially provided with a second hollow structure and a first hollow structure; The first hollow structure includes a plurality of vertical through-slots spaced apart in the horizontal direction, and the second hollow structure includes a first horizontal through-slot and at least one group of second horizontal through-slots symmetrically arranged on the upper and lower sides of the first horizontal through-slot; The vertical through groove and the second horizontal through groove are both trapezoidal, and the first horizontal through groove is a parallelogram; From the center line of the rotating shaft to the outer periphery, the heights of the vertical through slots and the second horizontal through slots on the rotor protrusion gradually decrease, and the heights of the vertical through slots and the second horizontal through slots on the stator protrusion gradually increase.

2. The shallow trough turbulent microbubble flotation equipment for fine-grained mineral separation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The stator plate and the rotor plate are in a mutually interlocked structure, and a gap for the slurry to pass through is always provided between the stator plate and the rotor plate during the rotation of the rotor plate relative to the stator plate.

3. The shallow trough turbulent microbubble flotation equipment for fine-grained mineral separation according to claim 2, characterized in that: Viewed along a horizontal cross section, the plurality of rotor plates and the plurality of stator plates are radially arranged with the rotating shaft as the center; The shapes of the rotor convex portion and the stator concave portion match and are both trapezoidal. The shapes of the stator convex portion and the rotor concave portion match and are both trapezoidal, so that when the rotor plate rotates relative to the stator plate, there is a gap for the slurry to pass between the rotor convex portion and the stator concave portion, and between the stator convex portion and the rotor concave portion.

4. The shallow trough turbulent microbubble flotation equipment for fine-grained mineral separation according to claim 3, characterized in that: From the center line of the rotating shaft to the outer periphery, the height of the rotor protrusion gradually decreases, and the height of the stator protrusion gradually increases.

5. The shallow trough turbulent microbubble flotation equipment for fine-grained mineral separation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pulp dispersion plates are vertically connected to the bottom of the flotation tank. When viewed from above, the pulp dispersion plates are arranged in a ring shape on the outer periphery of the turbulent flotation cylinder. The slurry dispersion plate is provided with transverse grid holes.

6. The shallow trough turbulent microbubble flotation equipment for fine-grained mineral separation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The interior of the rotating shaft is hollow to form an air inlet channel, the upper end of the rotating shaft forms an air inlet, and the middle and lower parts of the rotating shaft are provided with air holes.

7. The shallow trough turbulent microbubble flotation equipment for fine-grained mineral separation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The concentrate tank is arranged around the upper periphery of the flotation tank, and the concentrate tank is connected to a concentrate pipe; The flotation cell is cylindrical, and the turbulent flow flotation cylinder is coaxially arranged in the flotation cell; The bottom of the flotation tank is connected with a tailings pipe.

8. The shallow trough turbulent microbubble flotation equipment for fine-grained mineral separation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The turbulent flow flotation cylinder is further connected to a sleeve, and the upper end of the rotating shaft passes through the sleeve and is connected to a motor.

9. The shallow trough turbulent microbubble flotation equipment for fine-grained mineral separation according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of baffles are vertically connected to the inner wall of the flotation tank. When viewed along a horizontal cross section, the baffles extend from the periphery to the center, and the baffles are arranged at intervals in a ring shape on the periphery of the pulp dispersion plate.

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