Speed change gear box of numerical control machine tool

Abstract

The invention discloses a numerical control machine tool speed change gear box, and belongs to the technical field of gear boxes. Comprising a box body, an input shaft, a variable-speed shaft, a transmission shaft, an output shaft, a planetary gear speed change mechanism, a transmission gear, a sliding gear, a fixed gear and the like. The mode of combining gear speed change and stepless speed regulation is adopted, and segmented stepless speed change can be achieved. The speed change gear box has the advantages of compact structure, large bearing capacity, high transmission efficiency, stable transmission and the like, is small in size, can reduce the manufacturing cost of a numerical control machine tool, improves the machining efficiency, and meets the transmission and speed change requirements of the machining machine tool.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a speed-changing gear box for a numerically controlled machine tool, belonging to the technical field of gear boxes. Background Art

[0002] The gearbox of CNC machine tools is an important transmission device in CNC machine tools. It realizes the adjustment of the machine tool spindle speed and the conversion of torque through the transmission ratio of the gears. CNC machine tools often use shift gearboxes for speed change. The shift gearbox has a simple structure, low manufacturing cost and is widely used. However, it cannot achieve uniform changes in the transmission ratio and there is a large speed loss during the transmission process. With the further development of the mechanical processing and manufacturing industry, the current shift gearbox cannot meet the transmission and speed change requirements of processing machine tools. Summary of the invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to address the deficiency that the technology cannot achieve uniform change of transmission ratio, and propose a CNC machine tool speed change gearbox, which realizes segmented stepless speed change by combining gear speed change with stepless speed regulation, and has the advantages of continuous change of transmission ratio and stable transmission ratio.

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention proposes a speed-changing gearbox for a CNC machine tool, and the technical solution is as follows: The gearbox mainly includes a housing, an input shaft, a speed change shaft, a transmission shaft, an output shaft, a planetary gear speed change mechanism, a transmission gear, a sliding gear, a fixed gear, a bearing, a seal and other components. The two ends of the shaft shoulders of the input shaft, the transmission shaft and the output shaft are respectively installed in parallel inside the housing through bearings in the order of the input shaft, the transmission shaft and the output shaft from top to bottom; the input shaft is connected to the driving device outside the housing through a coupling, the input shaft is connected to the planetary gear speed change mechanism, and the other end of the planetary gear speed change mechanism is connected to the speed change shaft; the speed change shaft is provided with a first transmission gear, the transmission shaft is provided with a second transmission gear, and the first transmission gear and the second transmission gear are in a constant meshing state; the transmission shaft is connected to the first sliding gear, the second sliding gear and the shift fork through a spline, the shift fork is connected to the shift mechanism, and the shift mechanism is located outside the housing and corresponds to the position of the transmission shaft; the output shaft is coaxially connected with the first fixed gear and the second fixed gear, which can be meshed and driven with the first sliding gear and the second sliding gear of the transmission shaft respectively.

[0005] The planetary gear speed change mechanism comprises a sun gear, a plurality of planetary gears, a planet carrier, a ring gear and a speed change actuator.

[0006] The transmission gear is a helical gear or a herringbone gear.

[0007] Annular retaining rings are arranged on both sides of the fixed gear.

[0008] The technical (working) principle of the present invention is: starting the driving device, the input shaft transmits the rotational speed and torque, the planetary gear speed change mechanism is used to realize stepless speed change, the speed change shaft outputs the changed rotational speed and torque, which are transmitted to the transmission shaft by the transmission gear set, the shift fork is controlled by the shift mechanism to realize the axial movement of the sliding gear, the meshing state of the gear set is changed to realize high gear and low gear, and stepless speed regulation can be realized in different gears.

[0009] The present invention has the following advantages: a planetary gear speed change mechanism is adopted to expand the speed change range of the main shaft, the gear box has a compact structure, the floor space is reduced, and the manufacturing cost of the CNC machine tool is reduced; helical gears or herringbone gears are used for transmission, the transmission is stable, the load-bearing capacity is high, the transmission efficiency is improved, and vibration and noise can be reduced; a combination of gear speed change and stepless speed regulation is adopted to achieve segmented stepless speed change, which, on the one hand, satisfies the requirement of relatively continuous change of the transmission ratio, and on the other hand, has the advantage of stable transmission ratio, thus meeting the needs of high-end manufacturing industry. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0010] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the speed change gear box of the present invention.

[0011] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the planetary gear structure of the present invention.

[0012] In the figure: 1-box, 2-input shaft, 3-planetary gear transmission mechanism, 4-first transmission gear, 5-speed shaft, 6-transmission shaft, 7-second transmission gear, 8-first sliding gear, 9-second sliding gear, 10-output shaft, 11-first fixed gear, 12-second fixed gear, 13-retaining ring, 301-sun gear, 302-planetary gear, 303-ring gear, 304-planet carrier. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0013] The specific embodiments of the present invention are further described in detail below. The technologies or products not specified in the examples are all existing technologies or conventional products that can be purchased.

[0014] Example 1: Figure 1-2 As shown, the gearbox includes a housing 1, an input shaft 2, a speed change shaft 5, a transmission shaft 6, an output shaft 10, and a planetary gear speed change mechanism 3.

[0015] The two ends of the shoulders of the input shaft 2, the transmission shaft 6 and the output shaft 10 are respectively installed in parallel inside the housing 1 through bearings in the order of the input shaft 2, the transmission shaft 6 and the output shaft 10 from top to bottom; the input shaft 2 is connected to the driving device outside the housing through a coupling, the input shaft 2 is connected to the planetary gear speed change mechanism 3, and the other end of the planetary gear speed change mechanism 3 is connected to the speed change shaft 5; the speed change shaft 5 is provided with a first transmission gear 4, and the transmission shaft 6 is provided with a second transmission gear 7, and the first transmission gear 4 and the second transmission gear 7 are in a constant meshing state; the transmission shaft 6 is connected to the first sliding gear 8, the second sliding gear 9 and the shift fork (not shown) through a spline, and the shift fork is connected to the shift mechanism, and the shift mechanism is located outside the housing, corresponding to the position of the transmission shaft 6, and the shift fork is controlled by the shift mechanism to realize the axial movement of the first sliding gear 8 and the second sliding gear 9; the output shaft 10 is coaxially connected with a first fixed gear 11 and a second fixed gear 12, which can be meshed with the first sliding gear 8 and the second sliding gear 9 of the transmission shaft 6 for transmission.

[0016] The planetary gear speed change mechanism 3 includes a sun gear 301, a plurality of planetary gears 302, a ring gear 303, a planet carrier 304 and a speed change actuator (not shown). The speed change actuator implements a constraint on each component of the planetary gear to achieve speed change.

[0017] The first transmission gear 4 and the second transmission gear 7 are helical gears or herringbone gears, which have stable transmission, high bearing capacity, improved transmission efficiency, and can reduce vibration and noise.

[0018] Annular retaining rings are arranged on both sides of the first fixed gear 11 and the second fixed gear 12 of the output shaft to prevent the gears from moving axially, and at the same time alleviate the impact caused by the movement of the sliding gear, thereby extending the service life of the gears.

[0019] High gear: Start the drive device, the input shaft transmits the speed and torque, the speed change is achieved through the planetary gear speed change mechanism, the speed change shaft outputs the changed speed and torque, which are transmitted to the transmission shaft by the transmission gear set, the first sliding gear of the transmission shaft and the first fixed gear of the output shaft are meshed, driving the output shaft to achieve high speed output, at this time the second sliding gear and the second fixed gear are in a separated state.

[0020] Low gear: Start the drive device, the input shaft transmits the speed and torque, and the speed change is achieved through the planetary gear speed change mechanism. The speed change shaft outputs the changed speed and torque, which are transmitted to the transmission shaft through the transmission gear set. The shift fork is controlled by the shift mechanism to achieve axial movement of the transmission shaft sliding gear, so that the second sliding gear and the second fixed gear are meshed, driving the output shaft to achieve high torque output. At this time, the first sliding gear and the first fixed gear are in a separated state.

[0021] The present invention can increase the number of sliding gear sets and corresponding fixed gears, thereby increasing gear changes and achieving a larger speed range.

[0022] The technical contents of the present invention are explained above, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the said contents. Within the knowledge scope of ordinary technicians in this field, various changes can be made to the technical contents of the present invention without departing from the purpose of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A speed change gearbox for a CNC machine tool, characterized in that: The gearbox comprises a housing, an input shaft, a speed change shaft, a transmission shaft, an output shaft, a planetary gear speed change mechanism, a transmission gear, a sliding gear and a fixed gear. The two ends of the shoulders of the input shaft, the transmission shaft and the output shaft are respectively installed in parallel inside the housing through bearings in the order of the input shaft, the transmission shaft and the output shaft from top to bottom. The input shaft is connected to a driving device outside the housing through a coupling, the input shaft is connected to the planetary gear speed change mechanism, and the other end of the planetary gear speed change mechanism is connected to the speed change shaft. The speed change shaft is provided with a first transmission gear, and the transmission shaft is provided with a second transmission gear. The first transmission gear and the second transmission gear are in a constant meshing state; the transmission shaft is connected to the first sliding gear, the second sliding gear and the shift fork through a spline, the shift fork is connected to the shift mechanism, and the shift mechanism is located outside the housing and corresponds to the position of the transmission shaft; the output shaft is coaxially connected with a first fixed gear and a second fixed gear, which are respectively meshed and transmitted with the first sliding gear and the second sliding gear of the transmission shaft.

2. The CNC machine tool speed change gearbox according to claim 1, characterized in that: The planetary gear speed change mechanism comprises a sun gear, planetary gears, a planet carrier, a ring gear and a speed change actuator.

3. The speed change gearbox for CNC machine tools according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transmission gear is a helical gear or a herringbone gear.

4. The speed change gearbox for CNC machine tools according to claim 1, characterized in that: Annular retaining rings are arranged on both sides of the fixed gear.

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