Petroleum drilling machine winch lifting and lowering control system and out-of-control protection method

Abstract

The invention discloses a petroleum drilling machine winch lifting and lowering control system and an out-of-control protection method, a visual human-machine interaction device HMI, a remote driller room programmable controller, a winch given handle and a first switch are arranged in a driller room of the control system, and a second switch, a programmable controller and a winch frequency converter are arranged in a VFD electric control room. A winch motor, a winch machine set and a derrick head sheave are arranged in the drilling platform, a roller shaft of a winch machine is connected with the derrick head sheave through a steel wire rope, and a dead line fixer is arranged at the free end of the steel wire rope. The winch motor is in transmission connection with the winch mechanical set, a winch motor sensor is arranged on the winch motor, a roller sensor is arranged on a roller shaft of the winch mechanical set, a head sheave sensor is arranged on the derrick head sheave, and a hanging load sensor is arranged on the dead line anchor. On the basis of the traditional protection means, a new protection method is introduced by monitoring key equipment in real time, so that the operation and protection of the winch hoisting system are more efficient and safer.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of oil drilling rig drilling, and in particular to an oil drilling rig winch lifting and lowering control system and a loss of control protection method. Background Art

[0002] The oil drilling rig is an indispensable and important equipment in the oil drilling process. Its main function is to drive the drill to break the rock and drill underground until a wellbore of a specified depth is drilled, so that the oil or gas extraction machine can obtain oil or natural gas. The core of oil drilling operation lies in the precise control and protection of the winch, and whether the winch lifting and lowering functions can operate normally is a key factor in whether the drilling operation is smooth and the drilling efficiency is high.

[0003] The traditional winch drilling process is only equipped with upper collision and lower gate protection and overwinding protection, and these protection measures are only set at the end of the winch drilling operation to provide protection for the end point. There is a lack of control and speed monitoring and out-of-control protection for the winch operation throughout the entire process. Therefore, the protection effect is not good during the actual operation and has great limitations. During the drilling process, if the driller operates improperly or the equipment loses control accidentally, failure to discover or handle it in time will lead to major accidents such as equipment damage or casualties, which poses a great safety hazard. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention provides a control system for lifting and lowering a winch of an oil drilling rig and a method for protecting against loss of control, the purpose of which is to control the entire process of the winch lifting and lowering drilling, and to comprehensively monitor and protect the speed, running direction, and wire rope. When an operating error or accidental loss of control occurs in the winch equipment, it can respond quickly and take protective measures to avoid equipment damage and casualties.

[0005] To achieve its purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A control system for lifting and lowering a winch of an oil drilling rig, the control system comprising a driller's room, a VFD electric control room and a drilling platform arranged in the winch of the oil drilling rig, characterized in that: the driller's room is provided with a visual human-machine interaction device HMI, a remote driller's room programmable controller, a winch given handle and a first switch; the VFD electric control room is provided with a second switch, a programmable controller and a winch frequency converter; the drilling platform is provided with a winch motor, a winch mechanical group and a derrick sheave; the drum shaft of the winch machinery and the derrick sheave are connected by a steel wire rope, and a dead rope fixer is provided at the free end of the steel wire rope; the winch motor is transmission-connected to the winch mechanical group, a winch motor sensor is provided on the winch motor, a drum sensor is provided on the drum shaft of the winch mechanical group, a sheave sensor is provided on the derrick sheave, and a hanging weight sensor is provided on the dead rope fixer; The visual human-computer interaction device HMI and the remote driller's room programmable controller are respectively connected to the network bus through the first switch, and the programmable controller and the winch frequency converter are respectively connected to the network bus through the second switch, and together form a PROFNET network; the winch given handle is connected to the analog input module of the remote driller's room programmable controller through a control cable; the remote driller's room programmable controller is respectively connected to the winch mechanical group, the drum sensor, the sheave sensor and the suspended weight sensor through signal cables to transmit status signals, and the winch frequency converter and the winch motor are connected through a power cable and a winch motor sensor signal cable.

[0006] The method for protecting the oil rig winch from losing control by using the control system comprises the following steps: S1: After the user selects a single or double winch through the visual human-machine interaction device HMI, the oil rig winch is started to perform drilling operations to determine whether there is a fault; S2: The remote driller room programmable controller and the programmable controller both monitor the working status of the winch motor sensor, drum sensor and sheave sensor, as well as the position and given size of the winch given handle in real time according to the fault position status of the sensor when drilling in step S1, and check whether there is an emergency stop signal or a minor or major fault in the oil rig winch electric control system to determine whether the oil rig winch lifting and lowering control system is normal; if there is a fault or the winch given handle is not in the zero position, the winch will not be started; if there is no fault and the winch given handle is in the zero position, the winch will be started; S3: After the oil rig winch is successfully started, the remote driller's room programmable controller will automatically calibrate the winch handle zero position, and calculate and correct the height of the winch hook at the top of the oil rig winch after combining the signal of the drum sensor. The user can also perform manual calibration and correction on the visual human-computer interaction device HMI; S4: The driller operates the winch given handle to lift or lower; S5: During the operation of the winch, the operation direction and the size of the given value of the winch given handle and the hook speed of the winch hook are monitored and judged in real time, and the winch motor sensor, drum sensor and sheave sensor are monitored to see if they are abnormal, and if there are other faults; if there is no fault, execute steps S6 to S8; if there is a fault, execute S9 to S13; S6: When the oil rig winch is normal, it runs at the set speed. The programmable controller normalizes the winch given handle value +V or -V, calculates the corresponding set speed according to the hook load and the winch hook height, and sends it to the winch inverter to control the winch motor speed, completing the lifting and lowering of the winch hook; S7: During the operation of the oil rig winch, the remote driller's room programmable controller converts the signal of the drum sensor and transmits it to the programmable controller for real-time analysis and calculation to determine the height of the winch hook. When the winch reaches the deceleration and creeping point, the winch inverter automatically controls the winch motor, and the winch automatically decelerates and creeps normally. At the same time, the winch hook height is transmitted to the human-machine interface of the visual human-machine interaction device HMI for display; S8: Stop, if the winch setting handle returns to zero position under normal operation or the driller does not operate the winch setting handle to return to zero position when reaching the parking point, the programmable controller will give a value of "0" to the winch inverter to control the winch motor to stop rotating and running, and then jump to the step loop; S9: In step S5, any abnormality of the winch given handle, winch motor sensor, drum sensor and sheave sensor or other serious faults will cause the oil rig winch to lose control; once the oil rig winch fails to lose control, it is determined whether the winch inverter and winch motor sensor are faulty. If there is no fault, S10 is executed, and if there is a fault, jump to S11; At the same time, at any height point, the actual hook speed V1 of the winch hook should always be maintained within the range of the set hook speed limit value V2, that is, within the envelope curve of the set hook speed limit value V2. If the actual hook speed V1 ≥ the envelope curve of the set hook speed limit value V2, it indicates that the winch speed is out of control and an overspeed fault occurs. The system will automatically trigger the protection mechanism, and the programmable controller will automatically set the given hook speed to zero, and take different levels of braking measures according to the height of the winch hook; if it is in the acceleration or constant speed section, execute S10, if it is in the deceleration and creeping section, jump to S11; S10: In the acceleration or constant speed section, since the winch hook is in a safe position, electrical braking is performed first and then safety braking when the oil rig winch fails to control; the programmable controller first gives a value of "0" as the speed given value to the winch inverter to control the winch motor to brake first, and then after a delay of several seconds, the remote driller's room programmable controller sends a control command to the disc brake device in the winch mechanical group to directly perform safety braking; S11: In the deceleration and creeping stage, it means that the winch hook is very close to the upper parking point or the platform lowering point, and is in a dangerous distance. When the oil rig winch fails to be controlled, the remote driller room programmable controller sends a control command to the disc brake device in the winch mechanical group to directly brake safely; S12: Find and eliminate faults after the oil rig winch stops running; S13: Return to step S1.

[0007] Furthermore, the corresponding voltage value of the winch given handle pushed forward and pulled backward is input into the remote driller's room programmable controller for standardization to obtain the corresponding set hook speed. The corresponding set hook speed is then comprehensively analyzed and calculated with different hook loads and large hook heights to obtain the real-time set hook speed Vs. On the basis of the real-time set hook speed, +5% is added to obtain the set hook speed limit value V2.

[0008] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. The oil drilling rig winch lifting and lowering control system provided by the present invention is based on the traditional upper and lower gate protection and overwinding protection. It uses the drilling rig crown block measurement sensors including the winch motor sensor, drum sensor, crown wheel sensor and hanging weight sensor to monitor the winch given handle, winch hook, derrick crown wheel and wire rope and other key equipment in real time, forming a new protection method, making the winch lifting system operation protection more comprehensive, efficient, safe and reliable.

[0009] 2. The oil rig winch lifting and lowering control system of the present invention monitors the position of the driller's operating handle, given values ​​and operating instructions in real time, and compares them with the actual operating speed and direction of the winch to ensure that the winch operating direction is consistent with the instructions and the speed is within the controllable range. If the direction does not match or exceeds the limit value, it is determined to be out of control. After out of control, it is protected by the oil rig winch lifting and lowering control system to comprehensively improve the operating protection efficiency, safety and reliability of the winch lifting system, and realize comprehensive protection and control of the whole process of winch lifting and drilling and speed monitoring. When the height of the winch hook changes, take corresponding protection measures, and use graded braking to stop the car in case of failure to ensure that it stops in a safe position. Among them, the drum sensor, the sheave sensor and the hanging weight sensor are important monitoring means for calculating the winch speed, the hook height and whether the wire rope is fatigued. Once the sensor is abnormal, a warning is immediately issued. If the delay is not restored, the fault protection is activated to ensure the overall safety of the winch lifting system. Moreover, when the winch equipment has an operating error or accidentally loses control, it can respond quickly and take protective measures to ensure that the winch hook stops at a safe height to avoid equipment damage and casualties. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0010] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of signal transmission of the oil drilling rig winch lifting and lowering control system of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a flow chart of the oil drilling rig winch lifting and lowering out-of-control protection method of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the oil drilling rig winch lifting and lowering out-of-control protection method of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the envelope curve protection of the whole speed of the oil drilling rig when it is tripping and drilling; In the figure: 1-visual human-machine interaction device HMI; 2-remote driller room programmable controller; 3-winch given handle; 4-first switch; 5-programmable controller; 6-winch inverter; 7-winch motor; 8-winch motor sensor; 9-winch mechanical group; 10-drum sensor; 11-derrick sheave; 12-sheave sensor; 13-suspended weight sensor; 14-second switch; 15-wire rope. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0011] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings: like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention is a control system for lifting and lowering a winch of an oil drilling rig, and the control system includes a driller's room, a VFD electric control room and a drilling platform arranged in the winch of the oil drilling rig, and is characterized in that: the driller's room is provided with a visual human-computer interaction device HMI1, a remote driller's room programmable controller 2 (a Siemens S7-1500 series controller is selected), a winch given handle 3 and a first switch 4; the VFD electric control room is provided with a second switch 14, a programmable controller 5 and a winch frequency converter 6; the drilling platform is provided with a winch motor 7, a winch mechanical group 9 and a derrick sheave 11, the drum shaft of the winch mechanical group 9 and the derrick sheave 11 are connected by a wire rope 15, and a dead rope fixer is provided at the free end of the wire rope 15; the winch motor 7 is connected to the winch mechanical group 9 in transmission, a winch motor sensor 8 is provided on the winch motor 7, a drum sensor 10 is provided on the drum shaft of the winch mechanical group 9, a sheave sensor 12 is provided on the derrick sheave 11, and a hanging weight sensor 13 is provided on the dead rope fixer; The visual human-computer interaction device HMI1 and the remote driller's room programmable controller 2 are respectively connected to the network bus through the first switch 4, and the programmable controller 5 and the winch frequency converter 6 are respectively connected to the network bus through the second switch 14, to form a PROFNET network together; the winch given handle 3 is connected to the analog input module of the remote driller's room programmable controller 2 through a control cable; the remote driller's room programmable controller 2 is respectively connected to the winch mechanical group 9, the drum sensor 10, the sheave sensor 12 and the suspended weight sensor 13 through signal cables to transmit status signals, and the winch frequency converter 6 and the winch motor 7 are connected through a power cable and a winch motor sensor 8 signal cable.

[0012] The above control system is used to protect the oil rig winch from losing control of lifting and lowering. Figure 2 As shown, the following steps are included: S1: After the user selects a single or double winch through the visual human-machine interaction device HMI1, the oil rig winch is started to perform drilling operations to determine whether there is a fault; S2: The remote driller room programmable controller 2 and the programmable controller 5 both monitor the working states of the winch motor sensor 8, the drum sensor 10 and the sheave sensor 12, as well as the position and given size of the winch given handle 3 in real time according to the fault position state of the sensor when drilling in step S1, and at the same time check whether there is an emergency stop signal or a minor or major fault in the oil rig winch electric control system to determine whether the oil rig winch lifting and lowering control system is normal; if there is a fault or the winch given handle 3 is not in the zero position, the winch is not started; if there is no fault and the winch given handle 3 is in the zero position, the winch is started; S3: After the oil rig winch is successfully started, the remote driller room programmable controller 2 will automatically calibrate the winch given handle 3 to zero position, and calculate and correct the height of the winch hook at the top of the oil rig winch after combining the signal of the drum sensor 10. The user can also perform manual calibration and correction on the visual human-computer interaction device HMI1; S4: The driller operates the winch given handle 3 to perform lifting or lowering operation; S5: During the operation of the winch, the operation direction and the given value of the winch given handle 3 and the hook speed of the winch hook are monitored and judged in real time, and the winch motor sensor 8, the drum sensor 10 and the sheave sensor 12 are monitored to see if they are abnormal, and whether there are other faults; if there is no fault, execute steps S6 to S8; if there is a fault, execute S9 to S13; S6: When the oil rig winch is normal, it runs at the set speed, that is, the programmable controller 5 normalizes the given value +V or -V of the winch given handle 3, and calculates the corresponding set speed according to the hook load and the height of the winch hook, and then sends it to the winch inverter 6 to control the speed of the winch motor 7, so as to complete the lifting and lowering of the winch hook; S7: During the operation of the oil rig winch, the remote driller's room programmable controller 2 converts the signal of the drum sensor 10 and transmits it to the programmable controller 5 for real-time analysis and calculation to determine the height of the winch hook; when the winch reaches the deceleration and creeping point, the winch inverter 6 automatically controls the winch motor 7 to perform normal automatic deceleration and creeping of the winch, and at the same time transmits the height of the winch hook to the human-machine interface of the visual human-machine interaction device HMI1 for display; S8: Stop the car. If the winch setting handle 3 is operated normally and returns to zero position or the driller does not operate the winch setting handle 3 to return to zero position when the car reaches the parking point, the programmable controller 5 will give a value of "0" to the winch inverter 6 to control the winch motor 7 to stop rotating and running, and then jump to step 2 to loop; S9: In step S5, any abnormality of the winch given handle 3, the winch motor sensor 8, the drum sensor 10 and the sheave sensor 12 or other serious faults will cause the oil rig winch to lose control; once the oil rig winch fails to lose control, it is determined whether the winch inverter 6 and the winch motor sensor 8 are faulty. If there is no fault, S10 is executed, and if there is a fault, the process jumps to S11; At the same time, at any height point, the actual hook speed V1 of the winch hook should always be maintained within the range of the set hook speed limit value V2, that is, within the envelope curve of the set hook speed limit value V2. If the actual hook speed V1 ≥ the envelope curve of the set hook speed limit value V2, it indicates that the winch speed is out of control and an overspeed fault occurs. The system will automatically trigger the protection mechanism, and the programmable controller 5 will automatically set the given hook speed to zero, and take different levels of braking measures according to the height of the winch hook; if it is in the acceleration or constant speed section, execute S10, if it is in the deceleration and creeping section, jump to S11; S10: In the acceleration or constant speed section, since the winch hook is in a safe position, when the oil drilling rig winch fails to control, electrical braking is performed first and then safety braking is performed; the programmable controller 5 first gives a value of "0" as a speed given value to the winch inverter 6 to control the winch motor 7 to brake first, and then after a delay of several seconds, the remote driller's room programmable controller 2 sends a control command to the disc brake device in the winch mechanical group 9 to directly perform safety braking, which will make the braking smooth to reduce the impact and damage to the mechanical equipment; S11: In the deceleration and creeping stage, it indicates that the winch hook is very close to the upper parking point or the platform lowering point and is in a dangerous distance. When the oil rig winch fails to be controlled, the remote driller room programmable controller 2 sends a control command to the disc brake device in the winch mechanical group 9 to directly brake safely; S12: Find and eliminate faults after the oil rig winch stops running; S13: Return to step S1.

[0013] Among them, the visual human-machine interaction device HMI 1 is used to receive and transmit the operation instructions of the driller operator and display the equipment status and parameters; the programmable controller 5 is used to comprehensively judge the operation instructions; the remote driller room programmable controller 2 is used to detect the status of the winch mechanical group 9, the drum sensor 10, the sheave sensor 12 and the hanging weight sensor 13, and then issue a control instruction after high-speed calculation; the winch inverter 6 drives the winch motor 7 according to the instructions of the programmable controller 5 to meet the index value required by the current working condition, and monitors the speed of the winch motor 7, and transmits it to the programmable controller 5 together with other parameters after standardization; the winch mechanical group 9 finally completes the winch drilling and safety braking functions, and feeds back the real-time parameters to the remote driller room programmable controller 2. During the entire winch drilling process, the oil rig winch lifting and lowering control system will monitor and detect the operating status of the winch in real time to ensure that the winch stops at a safe position and complete the protection control function of the oil rig winch lifting and lowering out of control.

[0014] like Figure 3 As shown in the schematic diagram of the oil rig winch protection method, the operation command is input by the visual human-machine interaction device HMI1 in the driller's room and the winch given handle 3. After the command receiving unit in the command transceiver receives the command, it combines the information fed back by the state feedback unit and the winch inverter output execution unit, and undergoes comprehensive judgment by the data processing comprehensive judgment unit. The judgment result is then compared by the high-speed calculation processing unit, and then the command is sent to the winch inverter 6 and the remote driller's room programmable controller 2 through the command issuing unit. After receiving and processing the instruction unit, the winch inverter 6 outputs it to the actuator (the actuator includes the winch motor 7, the winch mechanical group 9, the disc brake device, etc.) through the output execution unit (the output execution unit includes the winch inverter 6 and the remote driller's room programmable controller 2), and at the same time feeds back its state parameters to the data processing comprehensive judgment unit. The state feedback unit feeds back all the parameters reflecting the mechanical state (drum sensor 10, sheave sensor 12, hanging weight sensor 13) to the data processing comprehensive judgment unit and the visual human-computer interaction device HMI1 for comprehensive judgment control and real-time display of parameters by the remote driller's room programmable controller 2 and the programmable controller 5.

[0015] During the drilling rig tripping and drilling operation, it is very important to monitor the hook speed throughout the process. Figure 4As shown, the V1 curve represents the actual hook speed under different hook loads and height conditions. It is a real-time value converted by the mechanical transmission ratio and fed back to the programmable controller 5 by the winch motor sensor 10. At any height point, the actual operating hook speed V1 should always be maintained within the set hook speed limit value range, that is, within the V2 envelope curve. The set hook speed limit value is the corresponding voltage value of the winch given handle 3 pushed forward (lifted) and pulled back (lowered) input into the remote driller's room programmable controller 2 after normalization, and then a set hook speed VS is given by comprehensive analysis and calculation with different hook loads and large hook heights. On the basis of this set hook speed VS, +5% is added to become the set hook speed limit value V2. If the actual hook speed V1 exceeds the V2 envelope (that is, V1 ≥ V2), it indicates that the winch speed is out of control and an overspeed fault occurs. At this time, the system will automatically trigger the protection mechanism, the programmable controller will automatically set the given hook speed to zero, and take different levels of braking measures according to the height of the large hook. In the acceleration and constant speed sections far from the parking point, the system first performs electrical braking and then safety braking; in the deceleration and creeping sections close to the parking point, safety braking is directly performed to ensure that the winch can brake in a timely and effective manner.

[0016] The protection of the wire rope is achieved by collecting and processing the corresponding linear speeds, i.e., the linear speeds of the drum wire rope and the linear speeds of the wire rope on the sheave, through the drum sensor 10 and the sheave sensor 12 in combination with the suspension weight sensor 13 (winch hook load) through the remote driller's room programmable controller 2. The linear speeds of the drum wire rope and the linear speeds of the wire rope on the sheave are normalized. The difference between the two is only a fixed mechanical ratio (which includes the mechanical size and rope system factors). If the linear speed of the drum wire rope multiplied by the fixed mechanical ratio and the linear speed of the wire rope on the sheave is not zero, it represents the flexible tension value of the corresponding wire rope, which can be converted into the elongation of the wire rope after conversion, and then compared with the normal change of expansion and contraction of this type of wire rope under different suspension weights. When the real-time monitoring shows that the flexible tension value of the wire rope changes more than the normal range limit, it means that the wire rope is aging and broken, and needs to be confirmed and checked. After the confirmation and inspection, the wire rope needs to be replaced to avoid the occurrence of rope breaking accidents during the operation of the winch lifting system.

[0017] Running direction error protection: The position and given size status of the winch given handle 3 are always monitored in real time by the remote driller room programmable controller 2. When the winch is lifted, the driller pushes the winch given handle 3 in the lifting direction, and the output is a positive voltage value. The programmable controller 5 will send a positive speed value to the winch inverter 6 to control the winch motor to run forward, that is, to run in the clockwise lifting direction to drive the wire rope to lift the hook. At this time, the actual running speed is also positive, indicating that the actual running direction of the winch is consistent with the given direction of the winch handle, which is a normal controlled operation. On the contrary, when the winch handle is released, the given value is a negative value, and the actual running speed of the winch is also a negative value. Once the given value of the winch given handle 3 and the actual running speed value of the winch are inconsistent during operation and exceed a certain time, it is considered out of control, and an error in running direction fault is reported and out-of-control brake protection is performed.

[0018] Safety braking protection mode in case of fault: The traditional method is to immediately start the safety brake when a serious fault is detected. Regardless of the position of the winch hook, the disc brake working clamp and the safety clamp of the winch mechanical group 9 will be braked at the same time. However, when the winch hook runs at a high speed, this braking method often causes serious impact and damage to the mechanical equipment, such as wire rope skipping or breaking, disc brake wear, shortened winch electronic control life and other equipment damage. However, this method first determines the type of serious fault when a serious fault occurs during the operation of the lifting system. If there is no winch transmission fault (the winch inverter 6 and the winch motor sensor 10 are normal), the height of the winch hook is further determined, and graded braking protection measures are taken according to the different positions of the winch hook. In the acceleration and constant speed sections far away from the parking point, the system first sends a "0" value to the winch inverter 6 as the speed given value through the programmable controller 5, controls the winch motor 7 to perform electrical braking, and then delays for a few seconds. The remote driller's room programmable controller 2 sends a control instruction to the disc brake device in the winch mechanical group 9 to perform safety braking. If there is a winch transmission failure, safety braking is performed directly. In the deceleration and creeping sections close to the parking point, safety braking is performed directly to ensure that the winch can stop in time and effectively. Through intelligent judgment and the use of graded safety braking protection methods, the braking process can be made smoother, the impact and damage to mechanical equipment can be reduced, and the braking protection during fault parking can be made more stable and safer.

[0019] The protection items of the conventional drilling rig electronic control system and the drilling rig electronic control system of the present invention are compared, and the results are shown in Table 1: Table 1 Comparison of protection items between the conventional drilling rig electronic control system and the drilling rig electronic control system of the present invention From the analysis of Table 1, it can be seen that the oil rig winch lifting and lowering control system provided by the present invention uses the drilling rig crane measuring sensors including the winch motor sensor, drum sensor, sheave sensor and suspension weight sensor to monitor the key equipment such as the winch given handle, winch hook, derrick sheave and wire rope in real time, and performs hook speed envelope protection, wire rope monitoring protection and running direction error protection. When a fault occurs, a graded braking protection method is adopted, so that the operation protection of the winch lifting system is more comprehensive, efficient, safe and reliable. Moreover, after the winch loses control, it is protected by the oil rig winch lifting and lowering control system to comprehensively improve the operation protection efficiency, safety and reliability of the winch lifting system, and realize comprehensive protection control of the whole process of winch lifting and lowering and speed monitoring. When the height of the winch hook changes, take corresponding protection measures, stop the machine in case of a fault, ensure that it stops in a safe position, and avoid equipment damage and casualties.

Claims

1. A control system for lifting and lowering a winch of an oil drilling rig, the control system comprising a driller's room, a VFD electric control room and a drilling platform arranged in the winch of the oil drilling rig, characterized in that: The driller's room is provided with a visual human-machine interaction device HMI (1), a remote driller's room programmable controller (2), a winch setting handle (3) and a first switch (4); the VFD electric control room is provided with a second switch (14), a programmable controller (5) and a winch frequency converter (6); the drilling platform is provided with a winch motor (7), a winch mechanical group (9) and a derrick sheave (11); the drum shaft of the winch mechanical group (9) and the derrick sheave (11) are connected by a steel wire rope (15); a dead rope fixer is provided at the free end of the steel wire rope (15); the winch motor (7) is connected to the winch mechanical group (9) by transmission; a winch motor sensor (8) is provided on the winch motor (7); a drum sensor (10) is provided on the drum shaft of the winch mechanical group (9); a sheave sensor (12) is provided on the derrick sheave (11); and a hanging weight sensor (13) is provided on the dead rope fixer; The visual human-machine interaction device HMI (1) and the remote driller's room programmable controller (2) are respectively connected to the network bus via a first switch (4), and the programmable controller (5) and the winch frequency converter (6) are respectively connected to the network bus via a second switch (14), thereby forming a PROFNET network together; the winch setting handle (3) is connected to the analog input module of the remote driller's room programmable controller (2) via a control cable; the remote driller's room programmable controller (2) is respectively connected to the winch mechanical group (9), the drum sensor (10), the sheave sensor (12) and the hanging weight sensor (13) via signal cables to transmit status signals, and the winch frequency converter (6) and the winch motor (7) are connected via a power cable and a winch motor sensor (8) signal cable.

2. A method for protecting a petroleum rig winch from losing control of lifting and lowering using the control system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: After the user selects a single or double winch through the visual human-machine interaction device HMI (1), the oil rig winch is started to perform drilling operations to determine whether there is a fault; S2: The remote driller's room programmable controller (2) and the programmable controller (5) both monitor the working states of the winch motor sensor (8), the drum sensor (10) and the sheave sensor (12) in real time according to the fault position state of the sensor when drilling in step S1, as well as the position and given size of the winch given handle (3), and at the same time check whether there is an emergency stop signal or a minor or major fault in the oil drilling rig winch electric control system, so as to determine whether the oil drilling rig winch lifting and lowering control system is normal; if there is a fault or the winch given handle (3) is not in the zero position, the winch is not started; if there is no fault and the winch given handle (3) is in the zero position, the winch is started; S3: After the oil rig winch is successfully started, the remote driller's room programmable controller (2) will automatically calibrate the winch given handle (3) to zero position, and calculate and correct the height of the winch hook at the top of the oil rig winch after combining the signal of the drum sensor (10). The user can also perform manual calibration and correction on the visual human-machine interaction device HMI (1); S4: The driller operates the winch given handle (3) to perform lifting or lowering operations; S5: During the operation of the winch, the operation direction and the magnitude of the given value of the winch given handle (3) and the hook speed of the winch hook are monitored and determined in real time, and the winch motor sensor (8), the drum sensor (10) and the sheave sensor (12) are monitored to see whether they are abnormal, and whether there are other faults; if there is no fault, execute steps S6 to S8; if there is a fault, execute steps S9 to S13; S6: When the oil rig winch is operating at the set speed without any abnormality, the programmable controller (5) normalizes the given value +V or -V of the winch given handle (3), calculates the corresponding set speed according to the hook load and the winch hook height, and sends it to the winch inverter (6) to control the speed of the winch motor (7), thereby completing the lifting and lowering of the winch hook; S7: During the operation of the oil rig winch, the remote driller's room programmable controller (2) converts the signal of the drum sensor (10) and transmits it to the programmable controller (5) for real-time analysis and calculation to determine the height of the winch hook; when the winch reaches the deceleration and creeping point, the winch inverter (6) automatically controls the winch motor (7) to perform normal automatic deceleration and creeping of the winch, and at the same time transmits the height of the winch hook to the human-machine interface of the visual human-machine interaction device HMI (1) for display; S8: Stop. If the winch setting handle (3) is operated normally to return to zero position or the driller does not operate the winch setting handle (3) to return to zero position when the winch reaches the stop point, the programmable controller (5) will give a value of "0" to the winch inverter (6) to control the winch motor (7) to stop rotating and running, and then jump to step (2) to loop; S9: In step S5, any abnormality of the winch given handle (3), the winch motor sensor (8), the drum sensor (10) and the sheave sensor (12) or other serious faults will cause the oil rig winch to lose control; once the oil rig winch loses control, it is determined whether the winch inverter (6) and the winch motor sensor (8) are faulty. If there is no fault, S10 is executed; if there is a fault, the process jumps to S11; At the same time, at any height point, the actual hook speed V1 of the winch hook should always be maintained within the range of the set hook speed limit value V2, that is, within the envelope curve of the set hook speed limit value V2. If the actual hook speed V1 ≥ the envelope curve of the set hook speed limit value V2, it indicates that the winch speed is out of control and an overspeed fault occurs. The system will automatically trigger the protection mechanism, and the programmable controller (5) will automatically set the given hook speed to zero and take different levels of braking measures according to the height of the winch hook; if it is in the acceleration or constant speed section, execute S10; if it is in the deceleration and creeping section, jump to S11; S10: In the acceleration or constant speed section, since the winch hook is in a safe position, when the oil drilling rig winch fails to control, electrical braking is performed first and then safety braking is performed; the programmable controller (5) first sends a "0" value as a speed setting value to the winch frequency converter (6) to control the winch motor (7) to brake first, and then after a delay of several seconds, the remote driller's room programmable controller (2) sends a control command to the disc brake device in the winch mechanical group (9) to directly perform safety braking; S11: In the deceleration and creeping stage, it means that the winch hook is very close to the upper parking point or the platform lowering point and is in a dangerous distance. When the oil rig winch fails to be controlled, the remote driller room programmable controller (2) sends a control command to the disc brake device in the winch mechanical group (9) to directly brake safely; S12: Find and eliminate faults after the oil rig winch stops running; S13: Return to step S1.

3. The oil rig winch lifting and lowering out-of-control protection method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The corresponding voltage value of the winch given handle (3) pushed forward and pulled backward is input into the remote driller's room programmable controller (2) for standardization to obtain the corresponding set hook speed. The corresponding set hook speed is then comprehensively analyzed and calculated with different hook loads and large hook heights to obtain the real-time set hook speed Vs. The real-time set hook speed is increased by +5% to obtain the set hook speed limit value V2.

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