Reinforcement and Repair Method of Debris Flow Protection Structure, Repair Material and Abrasion Depth Prediction Method

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of disaster prevention and mitigation engineering, and particularly relates to a method for strengthening, repairing and reinforcing a debris flow protection structure, a repair material and a method for predicting the abrasion depth. The method formulates a reinforcement and repair strategy for the debris flow protection structure according to the abrasion depth, and at the same time repairs two types of damage situations, namely overall structural damage and surface damage, to restore or enhance the strength and anti-scouring and wear-resistant ability of the debris flow protection structure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of disaster prevention and mitigation engineering, and particularly to a method for reinforcing, strengthening and repairing a debris flow protection structure, a repair material and a method for predicting abrasion depth. Background Art

[0002] Debris flow disasters are extremely destructive natural disasters, characterized by high speed, high impact force and complex multiphase flow.

[0003] The main damage forms of debris flow to protection structures such as sand retention dams and drainage channels can be divided into two categories: overall structural damage and surface damage. Overall structural damage is usually caused by debris flow impact and environmental factors that damage the base material of the protection structure. Under the coupled action of debris flow and the environment (freeze-thaw environment, groundwater chemical erosion, etc.), mortar matrix deterioration, fiber fracture, and aggregate peeling will all lead to a decrease in the overall strength of the protection structure. Surface damage is usually caused by the abrasion of solid particles in the debris flow and the erosion of the surface of the protection structure. During the movement of debris flow, the high-hardness particles it carries will cause abrasion or form erosion pits on the surface of the protection structure, reducing the protection force of the base material. Therefore, the damage or injury of debris flow disasters to protection structures will shorten their service life, and regular maintenance or damaged repair is required.

[0004] In the prior art, for example, a Chinese invention patent with the patent publication number CN114541337A discloses a method for repairing the damaged abrasion section of a debris flow drainage channel. After determining the abrasion damage area of the drainage channel, the surface aging and deteriorated concrete layer is chiseled off and roughened and cleaned to form a joint surface. The exposed steel bars on the joint surface are derusted and rust-proofed, the floating dust and loose aggregates on the joint surface are removed, a steel wire mesh is laid on the joint surface, and then the joint surface is repaired by pouring steel fiber concrete, so as to quickly repair the drainage channel and restore its silt discharge function. However, such prior art usually determines the abrasion damage area of the drainage channel by experience or surface observation, and the repair method is relatively rough.

[0005] Therefore, those skilled in the art hope to seek a better repair solution for debris flow protection structures, which can repair the two types of damaged situations of overall structural damage and surface damage more precisely and improve the construction quality. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Aiming at the deficiency of the low refinement degree of the existing repair solutions for debris flow protection structures, the present invention provides a series of solutions related to a method for reinforcing, strengthening and repairing a debris flow protection structure, a repair material and a method for predicting abrasion depth. According to the abrasion depth, a reinforcement and repair strategy for the debris flow protection structure is formulated, and at the same time, the two types of damaged situations of overall structural damage and surface damage are repaired to restore or enhance the strength and anti-abrasion and anti-wear capabilities of the debris flow protection structure.

[0007] First, the present invention uses the abrasion depth as a key indicator for evaluating the wear resistance of materials, which is used to estimate the abrasion condition of the debris flow protection structure and formulate reinforcement and repair strategies. Based on this technical concept, the present invention provides a repair method, a repair material, and an abrasion depth prediction method for reinforcing and repairing the debris flow protection structure.

[0008] Secondly, based on the concept of "cultivating both inside and outside", the present invention achieves the dual effects of overall damage control and surface abrasion protection through a composite repair material, comprehensively improving the strength and erosion and abrasion resistance of the debris flow protection structure.

[0009] The specific solutions are as follows, involving a reinforcement and repair method, a repair material, and an abrasion depth prediction method for the debris flow protection structure.

[0010] First, the present invention provides a reinforcement and repair method for a debris flow protection structure. In the repair method, the abrasion depth of the surface of the protection structure is first evaluated to formulate a reinforcement and repair strategy; according to the reinforcement and repair strategy, when implementing the repair project, the construction area to be constructed is cleaned, and the matrix reinforcement material is poured into the construction area to be constructed so that it penetrates into the base material of the protection structure, which is used to repair or enhance the ability to resist overall structural damage; then a surface wear-resistant layer is added to the surface of the base material, which is used to repair or enhance the ability to resist surface damage.

[0011] Furthermore, the surface wear-resistant layer adopts a hard iron sheet layer, and the hard iron sheet is pasted on the surface of the base material during construction.

[0012] Furthermore, the surface wear-resistant layer is formed by curing a polyurea coating. During construction, the polyurea coating is sprayed on the surface of the base material, or a number of polyurea blocks are fixed on the surface of the base material in a bionic arrangement to form a bionic structure. Spraying the polyurea coating on the surface of the base material is equivalent to full coverage; using the bionic structure to perform surface structuring treatment on the base material is equivalent to partial coverage.

[0013] Furthermore, the bionic structure adopts a convex platform structure;

[0014] The convex platform structure is composed of a plurality of long strip-shaped convex strips that bulge relative to the surface profile of the base material and are arranged in parallel, and the convex strips are placed horizontally relative to the flow direction of the debris flow; in this structure, the convex strips are polyurea blocks pressed by a mold;

[0015] Furthermore, the bionic structure adopts a wire groove structure;

[0016] The wire groove structure is composed of a plurality of long strip-shaped square strips that are recessed relative to the surface profile of the base material and are arranged in parallel, and the square strips are placed horizontally relative to the flow direction of the debris flow; in this structure, the square strips are polyurea blocks pressed by a mold;

[0017] Furthermore, the bionic structure adopts a ball groove structure;

[0018] The ball groove structure is formed by arranging a matrix of multiple hemispheres recessed with respect to the surface profile of the substrate; in this structure, the hemispheres are polyurea blocks pressed by a mold;

[0019] Furthermore, the bionic structure adopts a mesh groove structure;

[0020] The mesh groove structure is formed by arranging a matrix of multiple squares recessed with respect to the surface profile of the substrate; in this structure, the squares are polyurea blocks pressed by a mold.

[0021] Furthermore, when using a boss structure for surface structuring, the polyurea blocks in the shape of convex strips are directly cured on the surface of the substrate.

[0022] Furthermore, when using any one of the bionic structures such as a wire groove structure, a ball groove structure, and a mesh groove structure for surface structuring, a groove structure is reserved on the surface of the substrate according to the structure and arrangement of the polyurea blocks, and then the polyurea blocks are embedded in the groove structure.

[0023] Furthermore, the matrix reinforcing material includes coarse aggregate and mortar; the gradation distribution of the coarse aggregate conforms to the Andreasen&Andersen model, and the distribution modulus q takes a value of 0.19; the mortar is composed of P·I type 42.5 grade portland cement, microsilica, ISO standard sand, steel fibers, water reducing agent and water. Among them, the steel fibers are one or more of copper-plated steel fibers, end-hooked steel fibers, and milled steel fibers.

[0024] Furthermore, the steel fibers are copper-plated steel fibers or end-hooked steel fibers, and the dosage of the steel fibers is 1% of the total volume ratio.

[0025] Second, the present invention provides a reinforcing and repairing material for a debris flow protection structure. The repairing material includes a matrix reinforcing material and a surface wear-resistant material;

[0026] The matrix reinforcing material can penetrate into the substrate of the protection structure to enhance the resistance and reduce the overall structural damage caused by debris flow impact and environmental factors;

[0027] The surface wear-resistant material can cover the surface of the protection structure to enhance the resistance and reduce the surface damage caused by particle erosion in the debris flow.

[0028] Furthermore, the present invention uses concrete mainly composed of coarse aggregate and mortar as the matrix reinforcing material. The particle size of the particles in the matrix reinforcing material is small, which can penetrate into the substrate of the debris flow protection structure, and the overall impact resistance is improved through mortar matrix reinforcement and fiber reinforcement treatment.

[0029] In order to enhance the erosion resistance of the debris flow protection structure after repair, it is necessary to design the coarse aggregate and mortar in the matrix reinforcement material.

[0030] The grading distribution of the coarse aggregate conforms to the Andreasen&Andersen model, and the distribution modulus q is taken as 0.19. The common raw material of the coarse aggregate is crushed limestone, and the content of the coarse aggregate in each cubic meter of the matrix reinforcement material is 650 kg - 670 kg.

[0031] The grading curve of the coarse aggregate is calculated by the following formulas (1), (2), and (3):

[0032] (Formula 1)

[0033] (Formula 2)

[0034] (Formula 3)

[0035] In the formulas, P ( D ) represents the cumulative fraction of the total solids with a particle size smaller than the particle size D ;

[0036] All parameters related to D are parameters related to the particle size, unit: mm; among them, , , The superscript q is the distribution modulus, which is used to control the shape of the grading curve. The smaller the value, the higher the proportion of fine aggregate. Here, the value is taken as 0.19; represents the particle size of the aggregate corresponding to the distribution modulus q ; represents the minimum particle size of the aggregate corresponding to the distribution modulus q ; represents the maximum particle size of the aggregate corresponding to the distribution modulus q ;

[0037] RSS represents the residual sum of squares, indicating the difference between the actual grading and the target grading;

[0038] n represents the total number of particle size intervals; i represents the number of the particle size interval;

[0039] represents the particle size interval segmentation;

[0040] represents the cumulative percentage of the mixture with the designed grading in the particle size interval ;

[0041] represents the cumulative percentage of the mixture with the target gradation in the same particle size range , and takes the result calculated by Equation 1;

[0042] R 2 represents the fitting coefficient, with a value range of [0, 1], which is used to evaluate the fitting degree between the designed gradation distribution and the target gradation distribution; the closer the value is to 1, the better the fitting effect, and the closer the value is to 0, the worse the fitting effect.

[0043] Among them, Equation 2 uses the least squares method to optimize the fitting degree between the designed gradation curve and the target gradation curve, and Equation 3 quantifies the matching degree through the fitting coefficient R 2

[0044] The said mortar is composed of P·I type 42.5 grade Portland cement, microsilica, ISO standard sand, steel fibers, water reducer and water.

[0045] In the mortar, the Portland cement serves as the main bonding material, bonding other components together and providing the basis for early and late strength. The strength grade of 42.5 indicates that the 28-day compressive strength ≥ 42.5 MPa, its specific surface area is 3550 cm² / g, and the density is 3.12 g / cm³, which is the key source of the mechanical properties of the mortar.

[0046] The ISO standard sand, as fine aggregate, can assist the coarse aggregate to construct a rigid skeleton, reduce the cracks generated during cement hydration or drying, and can also disperse the load, indirectly improving the toughness of the material.

[0047] The microsilica has an extremely fine particle size, generally 0.1 - 0.2 μm, can fill the voids between particles, improve the compactness, and is used to refine the microstructure of the concrete; the microsilica generates pozzolanic reaction in the mortar to form additional gels, synergistically enhancing the bonding performance between the steel fibers and the substrate, and enhancing the late strength and durability. Generally, the SiO2 content in the commonly used microsilica powder is 92.3%, and the specific surface area is 19.1 m² / g.

[0048] The steel fibers delay the crack propagation through bridging, improve the tensile strength, impact resistance and toughness of the mortar, playing a role in crack resistance and toughness enhancement; after the steel fibers are added to the substrate, the brittle fracture is transformed into ductile failure, and the structural safety is improved by changing the failure mode. Usually, the steel fibers adopt one or more of copper-plated steel fibers, end-hooked steel fibers, and milled steel fibers.

[0049] The water reducer is used to reduce the water-binder ratio and improve the problem of fluidity loss caused by high content of microsilica. Usually, polycarboxylate water reducer is used, with a solid content of 50% and a dosage of 0.5% to 1.5% of the mass of the bonding material. ​

[0050] Therefore, cement, microsilica, steel fibers, ISO standard sand, steel fibers, and water reducing agents form a synergistic effect.

[0051] Furthermore, the surface wear-resistant material is made of polyurea coating or iron sheet.

[0052] First of all, particle cutting, microcracks, scratches, and indentations are the main reasons for damaging the surface concrete of the debris flow protection structure. Through research and testing, it is found that applying polyurea coating, polyurethane waterproof coating, iron sheet, and rubber to the surface treatment of the debris flow protection structure can all improve the abrasion resistance, erosion resistance, and flexural strength of the concrete. Among them, the wear rates of the concrete treated with polyurea coating and iron sheet within 48 hours are 0.04 g / h and 0.03 g / h respectively, which are reduced by 75% and 81% respectively compared with the concrete without surface treatment, showing more excellent impact resistance and scratch resistance, and becoming the preferred solutions.

[0053] Therefore, when surface treatment is carried out on the debris flow protection structure, the polyurea coating can be sprayed on the surface of the protection structure to form a polyurea layer. Of course, a hard iron sheet layer can also be selected as the surface wear-resistant layer according to the actual situation, and the hard iron sheet can be pasted on the surface of the protection structure during construction.

[0054] The thickness D of the polyurea layer PUA Meets the following condition with the average particle size D4 of the debris flow particles:

[0055] D PUA ≤ D4 / 5.4 (Equation 4)

[0056] The thickness D of the iron sheet IS Meets the following condition with the average particle size D4 of the debris flow particles:

[0057] D IS ≤ D4 / 33.2 (Equation 5)

[0058] During construction, the thickness of the polyurea layer can be designed with reference to Equation 4, and the thickness of the iron sheet layer can be designed with reference to Equation 5.

[0059] Compared with the polyurea layer formed by using polyurea coatings, iron sheets belong to hard layers, with higher compressive strength, lower cost, and easier implementation of paste construction. However, they also have disadvantages. The adhesion between iron sheets and the substrate is relatively weak, making them prone to loosening or falling off, and their service life is relatively short; it is difficult for iron sheets to adapt to complex curved surfaces or irregular surfaces, and cutting and splicing are required during construction; iron sheets are prone to rusting in humid or corrosive environments and require regular maintenance; the density of iron sheets is relatively large, increasing the self-weight of the protective structure. In contrast to hard iron sheets, polyurea coatings belong to ductile coatings, with high raw material costs, and professional equipment and technicians are required for construction. However, polyurea coatings have excellent physical and chemical properties such as high strength, high elongation rate, high wear resistance, and high aging resistance. Moreover, polyurea coatings have a fast curing speed, can be spray-formed on any curved surface, inclined surface, and vertical surface without sagging, and the coating is continuous, dense, and seamless, so its protective performance is outstanding. During the actual construction process, the staff can make a choice according to factors such as construction requirements and construction conditions.

[0060] Although the comprehensive protection performance of polyurea coatings is better than that of iron sheets, the method of overall coating on the surface of the debris flow protection structure requires a large amount of polyurea coatings and high costs.

[0061] In order to minimize the amount of polyurea coatings used while improving the impact resistance and abrasion resistance of the surface of the debris flow protection structure, the present invention proposes a solution for surface structuring of the polyurea layer, replacing the polyurea layer with bionically arranged polyurea blocks. Compared with the polyurea layer that completely covers the surface of the substrate, the polyurea blocks that only partially cover the surface of the substrate can not only ensure abrasion resistance but also effectively reduce the amount of polyurea coatings used.

[0062] Specifically, before the polyurea coatings are formed, four types of polyurea blocks, namely convex strips, square strips, hemispheres, and square blocks, are pressed out using a mold and a number of polyurea blocks are bionically arranged on the surface of the substrate, thereby forming corresponding convex platform structures, wire groove structures, ball groove structures, and mesh groove structures. The convex strips protrude relative to the surface profile of the substrate, while the square strips, hemispheres, and square blocks all recess relative to the surface profile of the substrate. The convex platform structure is composed of multiple long convex strips arranged in parallel, and the wire groove structure is composed of multiple long square strips arranged in parallel. Both belong to stripe structures, but one is convex and the other is concave relative to the surface of the substrate.

[0063] Generally, ignoring the influence of processing and construction accuracy, the height of the rib is equated with the height of the rib exceeding the surface profile of the substrate, the height of the square bar is equated with the depth of the square bar sinking into the surface profile of the substrate, the height of the round bottom of the hemisphere is equated with the depth of the hemisphere sinking into the surface profile of the substrate, and the height of the square block is equated with the depth of the square bar sinking into the surface profile of the substrate. The first point to note is that for a standard hemisphere, the height of the round bottom is equal to the radius of the hemisphere; although it is difficult to machine a standard hemisphere during actual processing, the radius of the hemisphere is still used as the height of the round bottom of the hemisphere when calculating parameters; during installation, the circular plane of the hemisphere is flush with the surface profile of the substrate, and usually several hemispheres are distributed at equal intervals in rows and columns. The second point to note is that the length and width of the ribs and square bars are relatively large. Usually, the length of the ribs and square bars is equal to the width of the debris flow protection structure and they are distributed at equal intervals. The third point to note is that the aspect ratio of the square block is 1, and usually several square blocks are distributed at equal intervals in rows and columns.

[0064] To facilitate the description of the structure and distribution structure of the polyurea blocks, the height of the rib, the height of the square bar, the height of the round bottom of the hemisphere, and the height of the square block are denoted as the block height D1, the distance between adjacent ribs, the distance between adjacent square bars, the distance between adjacent hemispheres, and the distance between adjacent square blocks are denoted as the block spacing D2, and the width of the rib, the width of the square bar, the diameter of the circular surface of the hemisphere, and the width of the square block are denoted as the block width D3.

[0065] At this time, the relationships between the block height D1, the block spacing D2, the block width D3 and the average particle size D4 of the debris flow particles satisfy:

[0066] D1≥ D4 / 1.2 (Equation 6)

[0067] D2≤ 2D3 (Equation 7)

[0068] D2≥ D4 (Equation 8)

[0069] The ribs and grooves arranged in the bionic structure are arranged perpendicular to the flow direction of the debris flow. It should be noted that the flow direction of the debris flow is the overall flow direction described macroscopically, not the absolute direction; the perpendicular relationship here is also a broad sense, not an absolute 90°, and usually a deviation within 10 degrees can be considered a perpendicular relationship. Further, the flow direction at a local position where the debris flow flows through may deviate greatly from the overall flow direction. Therefore, during actual construction, the striped structures such as ribs and grooves do not follow the flow direction of the debris flow, but can be placed horizontally with respect to the flow direction of the debris flow.

[0070] Third, the present invention provides a method for predicting the abrasion depth of a debris flow protection structure. The prediction method estimates the abrasion depth according to the structure density of the debris flow protection structure, the duration of the debris flow, the abrasion coefficient and the correction coefficient, and is used to implement the reinforcement and repair method of the above-mentioned debris flow protection structure.

[0071] Furthermore, the value of the correction coefficient is obtained by calculating two sets of parameters related to the volume content, density, particle size, and flow velocity of solid particles in the debris flow parameters and the laboratory test parameters.

[0072] It should be noted that: the repair method and repair material of the present invention are not only used to repair the damaged area of the debris flow protection structure, but also used to enhance the protection performance of the debris flow protection structure, and can be used for both post-event repair and pre-event protection. Moreover, the repair method and repair material of the present invention are not only used to repair or enhance the overall strength of the debris flow protection structure, but also to enhance the surface characteristics to compoundly reinforce and improve the performance of the protection structure, realizing overall damage control and surface abrasion protection.

[0073] It should also be noted that: the abrasion depth prediction method of the present invention is mainly used to predict the abrasion depth formed by the debris flow scouring the material. The predicted abrasion depth can be used to judge the repair timing, determine the construction area to be constructed, select the parameters of the repair material, etc., so as to formulate a reinforcement and repair strategy.

[0074] Therefore, by first quickly evaluating the abrasion depth on-site through the abrasion depth prediction method of the present invention, and then combining the overall damage control and surface abrasion protection technologies, the repair or improvement of the impact resistance and abrasion resistance of the debris flow protection structure can be realized, and it can be widely applied to debris flow protection structures such as sand retaining dams and drainage channels, as well as other hydraulic and transportation infrastructure projects that require impact resistance and abrasion resistance, thus providing technical support for the reinforcement of mountain disaster prevention projects.

[0075] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows.

[0076] (1) The reinforcement and repair method of the debris flow protection structure provided by the present invention uses the abrasion depth as a key index to evaluate the wear resistance of the material, and formulates a reinforcement and repair strategy for the debris flow protection structure according to the abrasion depth, so as to obtain a more accurate and economical repair plan.

[0077] (2) The reinforcement and repair method of the debris flow protection structure provided by the present invention "repairs both inside and outside" the debris flow protection structure through a composite repair material, realizes the dual effects of overall damage control and surface abrasion protection, and comprehensively improves the strength and impact and abrasion resistance of the debris flow protection structure.

[0078] (3) The reinforcement and repair method of the debris flow protection structure provided by the present invention can significantly improve the impact resistance and abrasion resistance of the debris flow protection structure, and provide technical support for the reinforcement of mountain disaster prevention projects.

[0079] (4)The reinforcement, strengthening and repair material for the debris flow protection structure provided by the present invention is mainly composed of a matrix reinforcing material and a surface wear-resistant material, which can penetrate into the base material of the protection structure to enhance the overall strength and improve the overall impact resistance, and can also form a surface wear-resistant layer on the surface to enhance the surface abrasion and erosion resistance.

[0080] (5)The method for predicting the abrasion depth of the debris flow protection structure provided by the present invention can accurately estimate the abrasion depth and provide an important reference for formulating the reinforcement, strengthening and repair strategy of the debris flow protection structure. Description of the Drawings

[0081] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the principle of the reinforcement, strengthening and repair method for the debris flow protection structure in the present invention.

[0082] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the abrasion coefficient fitting curve.

[0083] Figure 3 It is the abrasion rate of the specimens with specimen numbers Ref.1, S1, M1, L1, M0.5, and M1.5.

[0084] Figure 4 It is the abrasion depth of the specimens with specimen numbers Ref.1, S1, M1, L1, M0.5, and M1.5.

[0085] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of various different types of surface wear-resistant layers of the debris flow protection structure.

[0086] Figure 6 It is the abrasion time and abrasion rate of the four groups of specimens with specimen numbers Ref.2, PUA, IS, and RB.

[0087] Figure 7 It is the abrasion time and abrasion rate of the specimen with specimen number PUR.

[0088] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the specimen Convex; among them, Figure 8 (a)is a top view of the bionic structure of the specimen Convex, Figure 8 (b)is a side view of the bionic structure of the specimen Convex.

[0089] Figure 9 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the specimen Parallel; among them, Figure 9 (a)is a top view of the bionic structure of the specimen Parallel, Figure 9 (b)is a side view of the bionic structure of the specimen Parallel.

[0090] Figure 10 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the specimen Circle; among them,Figure 10 (a) is the top view of the Circle bionic structure of the specimen, Figure 10 (b) is the side view of the Circle bionic structure of the specimen.

[0091] Figure 11 is the schematic diagram of the structure of the specimen Net; among them, Figure 11 (a) is the top view of the Net bionic structure of the specimen, Figure 11 (b) is the side view of the Net bionic structure of the specimen.

[0092] Figure 12 is the schematic diagram of the mass loss of the specimens Ref.3, Convex, Parallel, Circle, and Net after 24 hours of abrasion.

[0093] Figure 13 is the schematic diagram of the test results of the compressive strength and flexural strength of the specimens Convex, Parallel, Circle, and Net after 24 hours of abrasion. Among them, Figure 13 (a) is the schematic diagram of the test results of the compressive strength, Figure 13 (b) is the schematic diagram of the test results of the flexural strength.

[0094] Figure 14 is the schematic diagram of the mass loss of the Parallel specimen and Convex specimen after 24 hours of abrasion when the width of the block and the spacing of the blocks are designed as 4mm, 6mm, and 8mm.

[0095] Figure 15 is the schematic diagram of the test results of the compressive strength and flexural strength of the Parallel specimen and Convex specimen after 24 hours of abrasion when the width of the block and the spacing of the blocks are designed as 4mm, 6mm, and 8mm. Among them, Figure 15 (a) is the schematic diagram of the test results of the compressive strength, Figure 15 (b) is the schematic diagram of the test results of the flexural strength.

[0096] Figure 16 is the schematic diagram of the principle when the surfaces of the specimens Ref.3, Convex, Parallel, Circle, and Net are scoured by solid particles in debris flow. Among them, Figure 16 (a) is the abrasion condition of the surface of the specimen Ref.3, Figure 16 (b) is the abrasion condition of the surface of the specimen Convex, Figure 16 (c) is the abrasion condition of the surface of the specimen Parallel, Figure 16 (d) is the abrasion condition of the surface of the specimen Circle, Figure 16 (e) is the abrasion condition of the surface of the specimen Net.

[0097] Figure 17 The surface morphologies of five groups of specimens, namely Specimen Ref.3, Specimen Convex, Specimen Parallel, Specimen Circle, and Specimen Net, after 24 hours of abrasion are shown. Among them, Figure 17 (a) shows the surface abrasion morphology of Specimen Ref.3, Figure 17 (b) shows the surface abrasion morphology of Specimen Convex, Figure 17 (c) shows the surface abrasion morphology of Specimen Parallel, Figure 17 (d) shows the surface abrasion morphology of Specimen Circle, Figure 17 (e) shows the surface abrasion morphology of Specimen Net.

[0098] In the figure, 1 is the abraded surface; 2 is the substrate damaged by impact;

[0099] 3 is the surface wear-resistant material; 3.1 is the tiled surface wear-resistant layer; 3.2 is the bionic structure;

[0100] 4 is the matrix reinforcement material; 4.1 is fiber reinforcement; 4.2 is densely packed aggregate. Detailed implementation manners

[0101] The following further elaborates on the above content of the present invention in detail in combination with the specific implementation manners of the embodiments. However, this should not be construed as limiting the scope of the above subject matter of the present invention to the following examples. Without departing from the above technical idea of the present invention, various substitutions or modifications made according to ordinary technical knowledge and conventional means in the art should be included within the scope of the present invention.

[0102] Example 1:

[0103] As Figure 1 shown, the debris flow protection structure has suffered serious damage due to the debris flow disaster, and both the abraded surface 1 and the substrate 2 damaged by impact need to be repaired. This example proposes a reinforcement and repair method for the debris flow protection structure. First, evaluate the surface abrasion depth of the protection structure to formulate a reinforcement and repair strategy, and then use repair materials for repair construction. According to the reinforcement and repair strategy, when implementing the repair project, clean the construction area to be constructed, pour the matrix reinforcement material 4 into the construction area to be constructed, so that it penetrates into the substrate of the protection structure. The matrix reinforcement material 4 penetrates into the substrate of the debris flow protection structure. Steel fibers are used as fiber reinforcement 4.1, and coarse and fine aggregates form densely packed aggregate 4.2, which is used to repair or enhance the ability to resist overall structural damage; then use the surface wear-resistant material 3 to form a surface wear-resistant layer on the surface of the protection structure, which is used to repair or enhance the ability to resist surface damage.

[0104] Common construction steps are as follows:

[0105] Step S1, construction preparation: clean the surface of the debris flow protection structure, remove loose materials and debris; measure and mark the area to be constructed according to the design drawings;

[0106] Step S2, construction of matrix reinforcement material 4: prepare matrix reinforcement material 4 according to the designed ratio, mix it evenly and pour it into the area to be repaired; use vibration equipment to remove bubbles to ensure the matrix is ​​dense; and cure it at room temperature for 28 days;

[0107] Step S3, construction of surface wear-resistant material 3: after the substrate is cured, spray polyurea material or paste a hard iron layer; if bionic treatment is designed, use a mold to process polyurea blocks and fix them on the surface of the concrete substrate to form a bionic arrangement;

[0108] Step S4, construction acceptance and post-maintenance: Use a 3D scanner to check the uniformity of the surface wear-resistant layer and the integrity of the bionic structure 3.2; regularly check the wear of the surface wear-resistant layer, and add spraying or repair when necessary.

[0109] The reinforcement and repair strategy described in the present invention includes, but is not limited to, determining the timing of repair, determining the area to be constructed, and selecting parameters for repair materials.

[0110] First, the depth of abrasion can qualitatively reflect the degree to which a region is affected by debris flow disasters and the importance of repair and protection. If the depth of abrasion has exceeded the warning threshold, emergency repair and protection work needs to be carried out as soon as possible; if the depth of abrasion has not exceeded but is close to the warning threshold, it is necessary to plan to carry out preventive repair and protection work in the short term; if the depth of abrasion is within the warning threshold and is far less than the warning threshold, daily maintenance is sufficient during the period of low incidence of debris flow disasters, and the inspection frequency is increased during the period of high incidence of debris flow disasters, and preventive repair and protection work is carried out according to the early warning situation. The above-mentioned circumstances for determining the timing of repair are only general experience, and staff can also confirm the timing of repair according to actual conditions.

[0111] 2. The structural density and structural abrasion coefficient of debris flow protection structures in different areas may not be exactly the same. When debris flows through different areas, debris flow parameters such as solid phase particle volume content, density, particle size, flow rate, duration, etc. may not be exactly the same. The depth of abrasion in different areas usually varies. Therefore, considering the economic benefits of saving resources, areas that have already undergone severe abrasion or are expected to undergo severe abrasion are usually included in the area to be constructed for repair during post-repair or pre-protection. In this way, the staff can confirm the area to be constructed based on the depth of abrasion, and the site selection method is more scientific.

[0112] Thirdly, different specific materials and ratios of each component in the repair material not only affect the abrasion coefficient of the repair material itself, but also affect the performance of the debris flow protection structure after the repair construction. Areas with a larger abrasion depth often require a repair material with a larger abrasion coefficient itself, or a repair material that can increase the structural density after repair. Therefore, knowing the abrasion depth is beneficial to determining the specific substances of each component in the repair material and the ratio of each component in the repair material.

[0113] Fourthly, knowing the overall abrasion depth of the area to be constructed provides a scientific basis for planning work such as estimating the workload and the amount of repair materials before construction, which can make the construction schedule more compact and the material use more standardized, and is beneficial to improving the economic benefits of the project.

[0114] In summary, based on the on-site abrasion depth rapid assessment method, this embodiment combines the overall damage control and surface abrasion protection technologies to significantly improve the impact resistance and abrasion resistance of the debris flow protection structure, provides technical support for the reinforcement of mountain disaster prevention projects, and can be widely applied to debris flow protection structures such as sand storage dams and drainage channels, as well as other hydraulic and transportation infrastructure projects that require impact resistance and abrasion resistance.

[0115] Embodiment 2:

[0116] This embodiment details the abrasion depth prediction method for the debris flow protection structure.

[0117] The abrasion depth prediction is also the abrasion depth assessment. The abrasion depth assessment of the debris flow protection structure is a key step in formulating the reinforcement strategy. The abrasion depth prediction method for the debris flow protection structure provided in this embodiment estimates the abrasion depth based on the structural density of the debris flow protection structure, the duration of the debris flow, the abrasion coefficient, and the correction coefficient, and is used to implement the reinforcement and repair method for the debris flow protection structure described in Embodiment 1.

[0118] Abrade the specimen using the wear resistance test device disclosed in the Chinese invention patent with the patent publication number CN113390745A. The abrasive parameters used in the test: the solid-phase particle volume content V 0 is 30%, the density ρ 0 is 2000 kg / m 3 , the average particle size of the solid-phase particles D 0 is 0.015 m and the speed u 0 is 3 m / s, then measure the compressive strength of the specimen, and fit to obtain the relationship between the compressive strength and the abrasion coefficient, as Figure 2 shown.

[0119] Furthermore, this embodiment provides a method for quickly estimating the abrasion coefficient. Specifically, it means that through Equation 9, the abrasion coefficient is quickly estimated using the compressive strength value:

[0120] (Formula 9)

[0121] Wherein, k represents the abrasion coefficient, unit: kg / h / m 2 , which is used to characterize the mass loss of abrasion of materials per unit time and per unit area;

[0122] f c represents the compressive strength, unit: MPa.

[0123] Further, this embodiment provides a method for quickly calculating the correction coefficient. Through Formula 10, the correction coefficient is calculated according to two groups of parameters related to the volume content, density, particle size, and flow velocity of solid particles in the debris flow parameters and laboratory test parameters:

[0124] (Formula 10)

[0125] Wherein, a represents the correction coefficient, which is used to adjust the difference between the indoor abrasive parameters and the actual debris flow parameters during the abrasion coefficient test;

[0126] are all debris flow parameters, which respectively represent the volume content of debris flow solid particles (unit: %), the density of debris flow solid particles (unit: kg / m 3 ), the particle size of debris flow solid particles (unit: m), and the flow velocity of debris flow solid particles (unit: m / s);

[0127] are all laboratory test parameters, which respectively represent the volume content of abrasive solid particles (unit: %), the density of abrasive solid particles (unit: kg / m 3 ), the particle size of abrasive solid particles (unit: m), and the flow velocity of abrasive solid particles (unit: m / s).

[0128] Finally, according to Formula 11, combined with the density of the protection structure and the duration of the debris flow, the abrasion depth is estimated:

[0129] (Formula 11)

[0130] Wherein, E h represents the abrasion depth, unit: m;

[0131] k represents the abrasion coefficient, which represents the mass loss of abrasion per unit time and per unit area, unit: kg / h / m 2 ;

[0132] ρc Indicates the structural density, unit: kg / m 3 ;

[0133] t Indicates the duration, unit: h;

[0134] a Indicates the correction factor.

[0135] Example 3:

[0136] This example elaborates on the repair material based on Example 1.

[0137] The repair material includes a matrix reinforcement material 4 and a surface wear-resistant material 3. The matrix reinforcement material 4 can penetrate into the base material of the protective structure and is used to repair or enhance the ability to resist overall structural damage. The surface wear-resistant material 3 can cover the surface of the protective structure and is used to repair or enhance the ability to resist surface damage.

[0138] In a specific embodiment, the gradation distribution of the coarse aggregate conforms to the improved Andreasen & Andersen model, and the distribution modulus q takes a value of 0.19. Limestone gravel with a maximum particle size of 9.5 mm is used as the coarse aggregate. The mortar is composed of P·I type 42.5 grade portland cement, microsilica, ISO standard sand, steel fiber, water reducer, and water. Among them, the water reducer is a polycarboxylate type high-performance water reducer with a solid content of 50%. The contents of the coarse aggregate, portland cement, microsilica, ISO standard sand, water reducer, and water in each cubic meter of the matrix reinforcement material 4 are 661 kg, 450 kg, 50 kg, 640 kg, 5 kg, and 125 kg respectively, and the steel fiber is any one of copper-plated steel fiber, end-hook steel fiber, and milled steel fiber, and the dosage accounts for 0.5% to 1.5% of the total volume.

[0139] All specimens in this example are prepared with reference to the conventional concrete casting method (GB / T 50080-2016), demolded after 24 hours, and then cured in water at a temperature of 20±2°C until the test age. Mechanical property tests, abrasion resistance tests, microscopic structure, and surface wear observations are carried out on the specimens.

[0140] When conducting mechanical property tests, according to EN 196-1 standard, the compressive strength and flexural strength of 40×40×160 mm³ specimens at 28-day age were tested, and the loading rates were 2400 N / s and 50 N / s respectively; according to EN12390-6 standard, the splitting tensile strength of 100×100×100 mm³ specimens at 28-day age was tested, and the loading rate was 0.05 MPa / s. The average values of three specimens were recorded as the test results. When conducting abrasion resistance tests, the specimens were abraded using the abrasion resistance test device disclosed in the Chinese invention patent with the patent publication number CN113390745A. The worn morphologies of the specimens after 24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours, and 96 hours of abrasion were observed, the wear amount was obtained by weighing, and the wear depth was obtained by fixed-point measurement to evaluate the wear performance. Due to the differences in the worn morphologies, it was difficult to determine the wear height of each point on the specimen surface. Therefore, three fixed points along the length direction of the specimen surface: 40 mm, 80 mm, and 120 mm were selected as the measurement points for wear depth measurement, and a vernier caliper with a precision of 0.01 mm was used for measurement. When conducting microstructure and surface wear observations, the surface morphology of the concrete specimens was scanned by a 3D scanner (SHINING 3D, EinScan Pro 2X), the concrete surfaces at 24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours, and 96 hours of wear were recorded using a high-definition camera, and the original worn surfaces were analyzed using image analysis software (Image J) to obtain the pores and exposed aggregates on the worn surfaces; the microstructure of the worn concrete surfaces and worn fibers was also analyzed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) analyzer (Thermo Scientific, Apreo 2).

[0141] In the first type of test, the effects of three different types of steel fibers, namely copper-plated steel fibers, hooked-end steel fibers, and milled steel fibers, and different contents on the abrasion resistance of the matrix reinforcement material 4 were studied.

[0142] The characteristics of the three different types of steel fibers are shown in Table 1:

[0143] Table 1 Characteristics of steel fibers

[0144]

[0145] Multiple groups of specimens were designed by the control variable method with different types and dosages of steel fibers and the same other components. Six groups of typical specimens were selected for illustration in combination with the experimental results. The numbers of the six groups of specimens were recorded as R, S1, M1, L1, M0.5, and M1.5 respectively, and the ratios of the components of each specimen are shown in Table 2:

[0146] Table 2 Ratios of components of typical matrix reinforcement material specimens

[0147]

[0148] The specimen numbered Ref.1 is the specimen without added fibers and serves as the reference group. Among the specimens numbered S1, M1, L1, M0.5, and M1.5, the letter represents the fiber type, where S represents copper-plated steel fibers, M represents hooked-end steel fibers, and L represents milled steel fibers; the number represents the dosage of steel fibers, that is, the volume ratio of steel fibers.

[0149] It should be noted that 661 kg of coarse aggregate is composed of 367 kg of aggregate with a particle size of 2.36 - 4.75 mm, 173 kg of aggregate with a particle size of 4.75 - 7 mm, and 121 kg of aggregate with a particle size of 7 - 9.5 mm.

[0150] Limestone is the most common gravel particle in the southwestern region of China. Therefore, during the test, gravel with a particle size of 13.2 mm - 20 mm and an average particle size of 16.6 mm was selected to simulate the solid particles in debris flow; the mix ratio of the debris flow abrasion material is shown in Table 3:

[0151] Table 3 Mix ratio of debris flow abrasion material

[0152]

[0153] 2120 g of gravel particles, accounting for 20% of the total volume of the debris flow material, and the ratio of soil to water (S / W) is mixed by mass at 1:1.

[0154] The results of the abrasion resistance performance test are as Figure 3 、 Figure 4 shown. First, compare the three groups of S1, M1, and L1. The dosage of steel fibers in all three groups is 1%. The copper-plated steel fibers corresponding to S1 and the hooked-end steel fibers corresponding to M1 have lower abrasion rates and abrasion depths, indicating that they have better abrasion resistance than the milled steel fibers corresponding to L1. Then, compare the three groups of M0.5, M1, and M1.5. The dosages of the three groups of hooked-end steel fibers are different. The higher the content of hooked-end steel fibers in the specimen, the slower the abrasion rate and the smaller the abrasion depth. Further, the compressive strength, flexural strength, and tensile strength of the M1.5 concrete specimen are 102.6 MPa, 19.28 MPa, and 9.56 MPa respectively. Compared with the reference group, they are increased by 62.9%, 64.5%, and 84.2% respectively. Compared with the compressive strength, the tensile strength is considered a suitable index for evaluating the abrasion resistance performance of concrete. Thus, the matrix reinforcement material 4 with hooked-end steel fibers shows better tensile strength, energy absorption capacity, and residual strength, which may help improve the resistance of concrete to the collision and friction of coarse solid particles in debris flow.

[0155] For the second type of test, polyurea coating, polyurethane waterproof coating, iron sheet, and rubber were respectively used to treat the surface of the debris flow protection structure, as Figure 5As shown, four types of surface wear-resistant layers are formed, namely polyurea layer PUA, polyurethane layer PUR, hard iron sheet layer IS, and flexible layer RB, to study the influence of different surface wear-resistant materials 3 on the surface wear resistance of the concrete protection structure.

[0156] It should be noted that in the second type of test, the polyurea layer PUA, polyurethane layer PUR, hard iron sheet layer IS, and flexible layer RB are all flat surface wear-resistant layers 3.2, covering the surface of the specimen.

[0157] The characteristic parameters of the four different types of surface wear-resistant layers are shown in Table 4:

[0158] Table 4 Characteristic parameters of different types of surface wear-resistant layers

[0159]

[0160] The size of each specimen is 40mm×40mm×160 mm. The specimen numbered Ref.2 is the specimen without a surface wear-resistant layer and serves as the reference group. The overall height of all specimens is 40mm. The substrate height is the height of the concrete substrate itself when the thickness of the surface wear-resistant layer is not calculated. The thickness of the surface wear-resistant layer is the height of the surface wear-resistant layer of different materials. Therefore, the total height of the specimen numbered Ref.2 is equal to the substrate height, while the total height of the specimens numbered PUA, PUR, IS, and RB is the sum of the substrate height and the surface wear-resistant thickness. The substrate mass is the mass of the concrete substrate plus the mass of the surface wear-resistant layer, which is equal to the total mass of the specimen.

[0161] Gravel with a particle size of 13.2mm - 20 mm and an average particle size of 16.6mm is still selected to simulate the solid particles in the debris flow; the mixing ratio of the debris flow abrasion material is shown in Table 5:

[0162] Table 5 Mixing ratio of debris flow abrasion material

[0163]

[0164] 3180 g of gravel particles, accounting for 30% of the total volume of the debris flow material, and the ratio of soil to water (S / W) is mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1.

[0165] The results of the abrasion resistance test are as Figure 6 、 Figure 7 shown. The polyurea layer corresponding to PUA and the hard iron sheet layer corresponding to IS have lower abrasion rates compared to the other two.

[0166] In the third type of test, different styles of bionic structures 3.2 are designed on the substrate surface to study the influence of different bionic structures 3.2 on the abrasion resistance of the surface wear-resistant layer.

[0167] In such tests, in order to accelerate the abrasion test efficiency and reduce the abrasion test time, the flow velocity of the debris flow in the test was 5 m / s, the particle content was 30.3%, and the density was 1.5 g / cm 3 . Compared with the gravel with an average particle size of 16.6 mm used in the first type of test and the second type of test, the abrasive in the third type of test used 6 mm steel balls to simulate the fixed particles in the debris flow, further reducing the abrasion test time, and the total test time was 24 h.

[0168] Such as Figure 8 、 Figure 9 、 Figure 10 、 Figure 11 shown, a boss structure, a wire groove structure, a ball groove structure, and a mesh groove structure were designed on the surface of the substrate respectively. Combining Figure 8 (a), Figure 9 (a), Figure 10 (a), Figure 11 (a), observed from the top view, the boss structure and the wire groove structure formed parallel stripe-like patterns on the surface of the substrate, the ball groove structure formed a pattern formed by a matrix arrangement of several circular patterns on the surface of the substrate, and the mesh groove structure formed a pattern formed by a matrix arrangement of several square patterns on the surface of the substrate. Combining Figure 8 (b), Figure 9 (b), Figure 10 (b), Figure 11 (b), observed from the side view, the ribs in the boss structure were higher than the surface profile of the substrate, the square bars in the wire groove structure, the hemispheres in the ball groove structure, and the squares in the mesh groove structure were all embedded in the substrate and the top surfaces were flush with the surface of the substrate, forming a smooth surface profile of the substrate. The height of the ribs, the height of the square bars, the height of the round bottom of the hemispheres, and the height of the squares was the height D1 of the block, the distance between adjacent ribs, the distance between adjacent square bars, the distance between adjacent hemispheres, and the distance between adjacent squares was the spacing D2 of the block, and the width of the ribs, the width of the square bars, the diameter of the round surface of the hemispheres, and the width of the squares was the width D3 of the block.

[0169] First, in order to study the abrasion resistance of the boss structure, the wire groove structure, the ball groove structure, and the mesh groove structure, a comparative test group 1 was designed. On the surface of a basic specimen of 4 cm * 4 cm * 16 cm, four types of bionic structures 3.2 of the boss structure, the wire groove structure, the ball groove structure, and the mesh groove structure were processed according to the structural parameters of "the height D1 of the block = 5 mm, the spacing D2 of the block = 8 mm, and the width D3 of the block = 8 mm", forming four groups of specimens, namely Convex, Parallel, Circle, and Net. At the same time, the specimen Ref.3 without a surface wear-resistant layer was used as the reference group. At this time, the parameters of the specimens with different types of bionic structures 3.2 were as shown in Table 6:

[0170] Table 6 Parameters of specimens with different types of bionic structures

[0171]

[0172] After setting up bionic structures 3.2 with different morphologies according to the same structural parameters, the area of the polyurea layer projected in the top view is different, that is, the surface area of the bionic structure is different, and the proportion of different bionic structures 3.2 covering the substrate surface is also different.

[0173] After 24 hours of testing, the mass loss of the specimens with sample numbers Ref.3, Convex, Parallel, Circle, and Net in Table 6 is as Figure 12 shown. The mass loss of the specimen without the surface wear-resistant layer is significantly higher than that of other specimens with bionic structures 3.2, while the mass losses of the specimens Convex, Parallel, and Net are similar and relatively small. On the other hand, the test results of the compressive strength and flexural strength of the specimens with sample numbers Ref.3, Convex, Parallel, Circle, and Net in Table 6 are as Figure 13 shown. From the Figure 13 compressive strength test results shown in Figure 13 (a) and the flexural strength test results shown in

[0174] After comparative analysis, the comprehensive performance of the compressive strength and flexural strength of the specimen Convex is relatively excellent. Figure 16 As Figure 16 shown, it is a schematic diagram of the principle when solid particles in debris flow scour the surfaces of the specimens Ref.3, Convex, Parallel, Circle, and Net. Among them, Figure 16 (a) corresponds to the surface abrasion principle of the specimen Ref.3, Figure 16 (b), Figure 16 (c), Figure 16 (d), and (e) respectively show the surface abrasion principles of the specimens Convex, Parallel, Circle, and Net with bionic structures.

[0175] After 24 hours of testing, the abrasion morphologies of the above five types of specimens are as Figure 17 Figure 17 (a), Figure 17 (b), Figure 17 (c), Figure 16 (d), Figure 17(e) shows the abrasion morphologies of the surfaces of Specimen Ref.3, Specimen Convex, Specimen Parallel, Specimen Circle, and Specimen Net, respectively, with obvious differences. Since the circular patterns in the ball groove structure are arranged horizontally at intervals, the substrate surface not covered between two circular patterns is directly exposed to the debris flow abrasion conditions and is prone to abrasion. Moreover, the bionic treatment area of the ball groove structure is the smallest, 15.1 cm 2 , only accounting for 23.6% of the specimen surface area. The bionic treatment areas of the convex structure, the wire groove structure, and the net groove structure are 38.4 cm 2 , 38.4 cm 2 , and 32 cm 2 , respectively, accounting for 60%, 60%, and 50% of the total specimen area. Therefore, after the bionic treatment with the convex structure, the wire groove structure, and the net groove structure, the abrasion of the surface wear-resistant layer is small and the wear-resistant performance is good.

[0176] Secondly, in order to study whether the relationship between the size of the polyurea block and the particle size D4 of the debris flow particles in the four types of bionic structures 3.2 affects the abrasion resistance, a comparative test group two was designed: according to the precondition that the particle size in the abrasive is 6 mm, the spacing D2 and the width D3 of the blocks in the structure parameters of the Convex specimen and the Parallel specimen were designed as 4 mm, 6 mm, and 8 mm, with other structure parameters being the same. After abrasion for 24 hours, the abrasion resistance test, the compressive strength test, and the flexural strength test were carried out. As Figure 14 shown, when D2 = D3 = 6 mm and D2 = D3 = 8 mm, the mass losses are similar and significantly less than that of the specimen with D2 = D3 = 2 mm. As Figure 15 shown, Figure 15 (a) shows the results of the compressive strength test, Figure 15 (b) shows the results of the flexural strength test. Through comparative analysis: when the spacing D2 and the width D3 of the blocks are 4 mm, 6 mm, and 8 mm respectively, the compressive strengths of the Convex specimen and the Parallel specimen are similar and both show an increasing trend; the flexural strength of the Convex specimen is significantly greater than that of the Parallel specimen and increases gently, while the flexural strength of the Parallel specimen first decreases and then increases.

[0177] Based on the design concepts of the comparative test group one and the comparative test group two, different combinations of structural parameter values were designed for experiments through the control variable method, and the conclusion was drawn:

[0178] When the bionic structure 3.2 only has different morphologies and the numerical values of the structural parameters are the same, using the convex structure as the surface wear-resistant layer of the bionic structure 3.2 has excellent comprehensive performance in terms of wear resistance, compressive strength, and flexural strength;

[0179] When the height D1 of the blocks in the bionic structure 3.2 and the average particle size D4 of the debris flow particles satisfy: D1 ≥ D4 / 1.2, the abrasion resistance, compressive strength, and flexural strength of the surface abrasion-resistant layer with the bionic structure 3.2 are excellent in comprehensive performance;

[0180] When the spacing D2 between the blocks and the width D3 of the blocks in the bionic structure 3.2 satisfy: D2 ≤ 2D3, the abrasion resistance, compressive strength, and flexural strength of the surface abrasion-resistant layer with the bionic structure 3.2 are excellent in comprehensive performance;

[0181] When the spacing D2 between the blocks in the bionic structure 3.2 and the average particle size D4 of the debris flow particles satisfy: D2 ≥ D4, the abrasion resistance, compressive strength, and flexural strength of the surface abrasion-resistant layer with the bionic structure 3.2 are excellent in comprehensive performance.

[0182] Other parts of this embodiment are the same as those of Embodiment 1, so they will not be described in detail.

[0183] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not impose any form of limitation on the present invention. Any simple modifications and equivalent changes made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for reinforcing and repairing a debris flow protection structure, characterized in that: First, the depth of surface abrasion of the protective structure is evaluated to formulate a reinforcement and repair strategy; according to the reinforcement and repair strategy, when implementing the repair project, the construction area is cleaned, and the matrix reinforcement material is poured into the construction area to make it penetrate into the base material of the protective structure to repair or enhance the ability to resist overall structural damage; then a surface wear-resistant layer is added to the surface of the base material to repair or enhance the ability to resist surface damage; the surface wear-resistant layer is formed by curing polyurea coating, and during construction, a number of polyurea blocks are fixed on the surface of the base material in a bionic arrangement to form a bionic structure; The bionic structure adopts a boss structure, a wire slot structure, a ball slot structure or a net slot structure; The boss structure is composed of a plurality of parallel-arranged long convex strips that are raised relative to the surface of the substrate, and the convex strips are horizontally arranged relative to the flow direction of the debris flow; The wire trough structure is composed of a plurality of parallel long square strips that are recessed relative to the surface of the substrate, and the square strips are arranged horizontally relative to the flow direction of the debris flow; The ball groove structure is formed by arranging a plurality of hemispherical bodies in a matrix which are concave relative to the surface of the substrate; The mesh structure is formed by arranging a plurality of square blocks in a matrix which are recessed relative to the surface of the substrate.

2. The method for reinforcing and repairing a debris flow protection structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the bionic structure adopts a boss structure, the convex strip is a polyurea block pressed by a mold; When the bionic structure adopts a wire slot structure, the square strips are polyurea blocks pressed by a mold; When the bionic structure adopts a ball-and-groove structure, the hemisphere is a polyurea block pressed by a mold; When the bionic structure adopts a mesh structure, the blocks are polyurea blocks pressed by a mold.

3. The method for reinforcing and repairing a debris flow protection structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: When any of the bionic structures such as the line groove structure, the ball groove structure and the net groove structure is used for surface structuring treatment, a groove structure is reserved on the surface of the substrate according to the structure and arrangement of the polyurea blocks, and then the polyurea blocks are embedded in the groove structure.

4. The method for reinforcing and repairing a debris flow protection structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The matrix reinforcement material comprises coarse aggregate and mortar; the gradation distribution of the coarse aggregate conforms to the Andreasen & Andersen model, and the distribution modulus q is 0.19; the mortar consists of P·I type 42.5 grade silicate cement, microsilica fume, ISO standard sand, steel fiber, water reducer and water.

5. The method for reinforcing and repairing a debris flow protection structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The steel fiber is copper-plated steel fiber or end-hook steel fiber, and the amount of the steel fiber is 1% of the total volume of the matrix reinforcement material.

6. The reinforcement and repair material for debris flow protection structure is characterized by: The repair material includes a matrix reinforcement material and a surface wear-resistant material; Used to implement the reinforcement and repair method for debris flow protection structure as claimed in claim 1; The matrix reinforcement material can penetrate into the base material of the protective structure to enhance the resistance and reduce the overall structural damage caused by debris flow impact and environmental factors; The surface wear-resistant material can be covered on the surface of the protective structure to enhance the resistance and reduce the surface damage caused by the scouring of particles in the debris flow.

7. A method for predicting the abrasion depth of a debris flow protection structure, characterized in that: The abrasion depth is estimated according to the structural density of the debris flow protection structure, the duration of the debris flow, the abrasion coefficient and the correction coefficient, so as to implement the reinforcement and repair method of the debris flow protection structure as claimed in claim 1; The abrasion depth is estimated according to formula 11: (Formula 11) In the formula, E h Indicates the abrasion depth, unit: m; k Indicates the abrasion coefficient, which indicates the abrasion mass loss per unit area per unit time, unit: kg / h / m 2 ; ρ c Indicates structural density, unit: kg / m 3 ; t Indicates duration, unit: h; a Indicates the correction factor.

8. The method for predicting the abrasion depth of a debris flow protection structure according to claim 7, characterized in that: The value of the correction coefficient is calculated by two sets of parameters related to the volume content, density, particle size and flow velocity of solid particles in the debris flow parameters and the laboratory test parameters; The correction coefficient is calculated according to formula 10: (Formula 10) In the formula, a It represents the correction coefficient, which is used to adjust the difference between the indoor abrasive parameters and the actual debris flow parameters during the abrasion coefficient test; V s Represents the volume content of solid particles in debris flow, unit: %; ρ s Indicates the density of solid particles in debris flow, unit: kg / m 3 ; D s Indicates the particle size of the solid phase particles of debris flow, unit: m; u s It indicates the flow velocity of solid particles in debris flow, unit: m / s; V o Indicates the volume content of abrasive solid particles, unit: %; ρ o Indicates the density of abrasive solid particles, unit: kg / m 3 ; D o Indicates the particle size of abrasive solid phase particles, unit: m; u o Indicates the flow rate of abrasive solid particles, unit: m / s.

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