Decorative panel and decorative floor covering comprising said panel

Abstract

In the field of decorative floor coverings, known decorative panels have a core layer based on MDF (Medium Density Panel) or HDF (High Density Panel) over which a decorative substrate is attached to provide the desired appearance of the panel. The invention relates to a panel, in particular a decorative panel, a floor panel, a ceiling panel or a wall panel. The invention also relates to a floor covering consisting of a plurality of interconnected panels.

Description

Parent case information This application is a divisional application of the Chinese patent application with application number "201980091105.3" and title "Decorative panels and decorative floor coverings composed of the panels". Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a panel, in particular a decorative panel, a floor panel, a ceiling panel or a wall panel. The invention also relates to a floor covering consisting of a plurality of mutually connected panels. Background Art

[0002] As people's living standards continue to improve, the requirements for living conditions are getting higher and higher, and the market demand for various building materials and decorative materials is constantly expanding. Floor panels are widely used in various applications, including home bedrooms, parks, car washes, etc. Floor panels themselves are also constantly improving, with plywood panels and vinyl rolls increasingly being replaced by interlocking panels. These interlocking panels are provided with connecting profiles that can significantly facilitate installation and removal. However, a potential disadvantage of these known panels is that they are still not as preferred as classic vinyl rolls in (humid) environments, where relatively high hygiene standards are in effect due to the risk of bacteria growing between the panels, such as in hospitals. It is necessary to improve existing panels, while still having the known advantages of these panels, reduce the risk of bacterial growth or and / or growth between the panels, so as to expand the applicability of the panels. Summary of the invention

[0003] The object of the present invention is to meet the above needs.

[0004] The above objects of the present invention are achieved by providing a decorative panel, in particular a floor panel, a ceiling panel or a wall panel, comprising: A core having an upper side and a lower side is provided; a decorative top structure secured to said upper side of said core; a first panel edge comprising a first coupling profile and a second panel edge comprising a second coupling profile designed to interlockingly engage with the first coupling profile of an adjacent panel both in horizontal and vertical direction, Therein the panel, in particular the core and / or the top structure and / or the first coupling profile and / or the second coupling profile are optionally provided with at least one antimicrobial substance.

[0005] The joining profile preferably forms an integral part of the core and / or is formed (shaped) in the core material. The application of at least one antimicrobial substance significantly reduces the risk of bacterial growth and / or formation of microbial habitats on the panels and between the interlocking panels, which is beneficial to the health and safety of the panels and expands the applicability of the panels. In a preferred embodiment, the antimicrobial substance is at least one antimicrobial substance selected from the group consisting of: 1-[[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-propyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl]methyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazole (propiconazole); (Benzothiazol-2-ylthio)methyl thiocyanate (TCMTB); 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-3-(1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)pentan-3-ol (tebuconazole); 1-[[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-propyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl]methyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazole (propiconazole); 2-Butyl-benzo[d]isothiazol-3-one (BBIT); 2-Octyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (OIT); 2-thiazol-4-yl-1H-benzimidazole (thiabendazole); 3-iodo-2-propynylbutylcarbamate (IPBC); 4,5-Dichloro-2-octylisothiazolin-3(2H)-one (DCOIT); 10,10-oxybisphenolarsine (OBPA); Carbendazim; Chlorocresol; Fludioxonil; n-(Trichloromethylthio)phthalimide (folpet); p-[(Diiodomethyl)sulfonyl]toluene; Zinc pyrithione (zinc pyrithione (Zpt)); Terbutaline; and Fumei Shuang.

[0006] Preferably, at least one antimicrobial substance is formed by zinc pyrithione (or zinc pyrithione) as a coordination complex of zinc. It has fungistatic (i.e. inhibits fungal cell division) and bacteriostatic (inhibits bacterial cell division) properties. Alternatively, at least one antimicrobial substance is based on and / or can be formed by N-butyl-1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one (BBIT) and is recommended for harsh and demanding applications, especially those exposed to high UV levels. It is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial substance used to prevent fungal, bacterial and algal spoilage of polymers such as PVC, polyurethanes, silicones, polyolefins, polyesters and acrylic cores used in floor panels.

[0007] Preferably, multiple different, blended antimicrobial substances are used, which can significantly improve long-term panel protection, especially when antimicrobial substances with different solubility profiles in water and / or plasticizers are used. For example, a blend of BBIT and Zpt can provide significantly better panel protection than when only OBPA is used as the antimicrobial substance. Blended antimicrobial substances are specifically used to outperform plasticizer-soluble antimicrobial substances in applications where leaching of the antimicrobial substance may shorten the life expectancy of flexible vinyl products (PVC products).

[0008] The panel according to the invention may comprise one or more of the following layers, generally arranged in order from top to bottom: 1) Protective coating: It imparts gloss and provides abrasion resistance. This layer is usually not susceptible to microbial growth; 2) A substrate layer beneath the protective coating, which could be, for example, a PVC foam layer: this provides a cushioning effect for the panel, but also provides an environment for bacterial growth; 3) Middle felt layer: This layer can be used to control moisture transfer and is configured to absorb moisture. Typically, this layer contains food for microorganisms; 4) Backing layer: This layer is usually used to control sound and moisture, and is usually formed by a foam layer that is prone to microbial growth; 5) Adhesive layer: This layer usually provides a lot of nutrients for microorganisms.

[0009] The subfloor supporting the panels is typically made of wood concrete and may also be a source of moisture from the bottom to the panels. Most of the above ingredients benefit from antimicrobial additives. Preferably, the core is at least partially composed of at least one polymer and / or at least one plasticizer. Such polymers can be based on renewable resources (also known as "bio-based plastics") and / or can be formed from biodegradable polymers and / or recycled polymers. Examples of suitable (usually non-biodegradable) bio-based plastics are bio-based polyethylene (bio-PE), bio-based polyethylene terephthalate (bio-PET) or polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT). Examples of suitable (usually biodegradable) bio-based plastics are polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) and starch. Preferably, the polymer is a polyolefin and / or at least one thermoplastic, such as polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyurethane (PUR), polystyrene (PS), polylactic acid (PLA), polyvinyl butyral (PVB), isotactic polypropylene, polybutylene and / or copolymers, preferably ethylene-propylene copolymers. These polymer materials are generally relatively easy to melt and easy to process, such as by extrusion.

[0010] It may be preferred that the core comprises an alloy of a polymer matrix and elastic particles dispersed in the matrix, wherein the elastic particles are covalently bonded to the polymer matrix. Therefore, the core material is not a blend realized mechanically, but an alloy realized chemically of at least two compounds (particularly a polymer matrix material and an elastic material) chemically bonded to each other. This chemical (covalent (atom)) bonding is usually realized in the production process of the core composition. Block copolymers are formed in this way, which are thermally stable, durable, and provide the required flexibility (elasticity) and impact resistance for the core. In addition, the blend realized is balanced between functional properties (which are usually mainly determined by elastic particles) and processing characteristics (which are usually mainly determined by matrix material). Matrix material is also referred to as the hard phase of the core, and dispersed elastic particles are usually referred to as the soft phase of the core.

[0011] Elastic particles have greater elasticity than matrix materials. Generally, elastic particles include at least one elastomer. Elastomer is a relatively flexible polymer. In addition, in particular, elastomers are generally polymers with viscoelasticity (i.e., viscosity and elasticity), and compared with other materials, generally have relatively weak intermolecular forces, generally low Young's modulus and high failure strain. Elastomer can be a cross-linked polymer. In a cross-linked polymer, individual polymer chains are linked together (cross-linked), generally forming a single macromolecule. These chemical crosslinks can be ordinary crosslinks, which are covalent, and chemically bind the polymer chains together to form a molecule. However, chemical crosslinks can also and preferably be formed by reversible crosslinking, which uses non-covalent or secondary interactions between polymer chains to bind them together. These interactions include hydrogen bonds and ionic bonds. The advantage of using non-covalent interactions to form crosslinks is that when the material is heated, the crosslinks are destroyed. This enables the material to be processed, and most importantly, can be recycled, and when the molten material cools again, the crosslinks are re-formed. Examples of suitable polymers are polyisoprene, natural rubber, polybutadiene, polyisobutylene and polyurethane. Preferably, the elastic particles include ethylene-propylene rubber and / or ethylene-octene rubber and / or ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer (EPDM), which have good elasticity and processing properties.

[0012] Preferably, any isotactic polypropylene (i-PP) commonly used for preparing polypropylene impact blends having a melt flow rate (MFR) of about 0.001 g / 10min to about 500 g / 10min (230°C, 2160 g load according to ASTM D1238) can be used in the core composition of the panel according to the present invention to form the polymer matrix. Preferably, the MFR of the isotactic polypropylene is from about 0.01 g / 10min to about 200 g / 10min, more preferably from about 20 g / 10min to about 200 g / 10min, and even more preferably from about 80 g / 10min to about 200 g / 10min. In this specification, unless otherwise stated, the term "about" means that the indicated values ​​do not have to be exact, and they can be 10% higher or lower than the values ​​shown. Generally, solid isotactic polypropylene is preferably used for the impact-resistant polypropylene composition of the present invention, i.e., polypropylene having more than 90% hot heptane insolubles. The specific density of the polypropylene is not important. Preferred isotactic polypropylene is generally crystalline and has a density of about 0.90 g / cc to about 0.94 g / cc. In addition, the composite material of the core, also known as an alloy, can include several polypropylenes with different melt flow rates to provide a polypropylene impact blend with desired mechanical property characteristics. As used herein, the term "isotactic polypropylene" is intended to include homopolypropylene, as well as propylene-ethylene copolymers containing up to 8% by weight of polymerized ethylene or other alpha-olefins.

[0013] Ethylene-propylene rubber (EPR) can be used to constitute at least a portion of the elastic particles. EPR is suitable for mixing and covalently bonding to, for example, a polypropylene composition to constitute the polymer matrix material. The term "elastomer" and its derivatives will be used interchangeably with the term "rubber" and its corresponding derivatives.

[0014] Examples of ethylene-propylene rubbers (EPR) that are particularly useful in the present invention include saturated ethylene-propylene dipolymer rubbers (EPM) and ethylene-propylene-non-conjugated diene terpolymer rubbers (EPDM) having the above-mentioned properties and containing from about 1 wt % to about 5 wt % of a diene, such as 5-ethylidene-2-norbornene, 5-methylene-2-norbornene, 1,4-hexadiene, dicyclopentadiene (DCPD), etc. The term "ethylene-propylene rubber" (abbreviated as "EPR") used in this patent specification and the appended claims is intended to cover all of the above-mentioned rubber types, i.e., EPR, EPM or EPDM and mixtures thereof.

[0015] Although any of the above EPRs may be advantageously used in the present invention, lower Tg (glass transition temperature) EPRs are preferred. This is because lower Tg EPRs perform better in simple binary mixtures of i-PP and EPR. For example, the Izod and Gardner impact properties of an ICP composed of 80 wt. % i-PP and 20 wt. % EPR are significantly improved by reducing the Tg of the EPR. As the Tg of this binary blend of i-PP and EPR decreases from about -37°C to about -50°C, the Gardner impact measured at -29°C increases. At the same time, the stiffness, as measured by the heat deformation temperature (HDT) and flexural modulus, remains essentially unchanged. Therefore, for a given EPR, the most preferred EPR of the present invention will have the lowest Tg achievable.

[0016] The Tg of a polymer can be conveniently measured by methods known in the art, such as by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) or dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) techniques. As used herein, Tg will be understood to refer to the Tg value obtained based on the tan δ peak using the DMTA method, which is well known in the art.

[0017] The Tg of an EPR can be easily controlled by varying its ethylene content. The lowest Tg of commercially produced EPRs is about -50°C, which occurs in the range of about 35 wt% to about 70 wt% ethylene. Above this range, Tg increases due to the development of polyethylene crystallinity. In a similar manner, Tg also increases as the crystallinity of polypropylene develops when the ethylene content drops below this range. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the relationship between Tg and ethylene content is easily measured and is a continuous, smooth curve function. Therefore, there is no clear point above or below which Tg will change abruptly with changes in ethylene content. In addition, the catalyst used to produce the EPR will determine the ethylene content required to provide the lowest Tg value. For example, when a vanadium-based or metallocene-based single-site catalyst is used, the EPR with the lowest Tg will have an ethylene content of about 45 wt% to 55 wt%, in which case Tg is about -50°C. On the other hand, for a conventional Ziegler-Natta titanium based catalyst, which is typically multi-site, the EPR with the lowest Tg will have an ethylene content of about 65 to 68 wt% and a Tg of about -47°C.

[0018] Thus, in preferred embodiments, the EPR of the present invention will have a polymerized ethylene content of from about 35 weight percent to about 70 weight percent, wherein the term "about" is used to indicate that variations above 70% or below 35% are acceptable as long as the Tg of the EPR is within 5 degrees of the minimum value achievable using the catalyst.

[0019] High density polyethylene, traditionally referred to as "HDPE", is defined herein as including those polyethylenes having a density equal to or higher than 0.940 g / cc. High density polyethylenes that can be used as high density polyethylene (hereinafter referred to as HDPE) matrix materials in the present invention preferably include those high density polyethylenes having a density of 0.940 g / cc or greater, preferably 0.945 g / cc or greater, more preferably 0.950 g / cc or greater, and most preferably 0.955 g / cc or greater. Such HDPEs typically include ethylene homopolymers and copolymers of ethylene and alpha-olefins (preferably having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, more preferably 3 to 8 carbon atoms). Preferred alpha-olefins are propylene, butene-1, hexene-1, 4-methylpentene-1 and octene-1. Methods for preparing such polymers are well known in the art and include, for example, gas phase, slurry and solution polymerization processes. The melt index of HDPE is typically from 0.10 g / 10 min to 300 g / 10 min, preferably from 0.1 g / 10 min to 100 g / 10 min, more preferably from 0.1 g / 10 min to 10 g / 10 min, as determined by the method of ASTM D 1238, Condition E. The molecular weight distribution (MWD) of the HDPE is not critical, but if the melt index of the HDPE is particularly low, it may be desirable to use a broader MWD HDPE, which is more shear-thinning and less viscous under the extrusion conditions to facilitate melt mixing. A suitable HDPE of this type has been found to be Exxon HDZ-126, which has a melt index of about 0.35 g / 10 min as defined above and a density of 0.957 g / cc.

[0020] As described above, ethylene-propylene copolymers (hereinafter referred to as "ethylene-propylene copolymers" or "EPC") can be used as the matrix material in the panels according to the present invention. The EPC preferably contains from about 10% to about 30% by weight of polymerized ethylene and from about 90% to about 70% by weight of polymerized propylene. Preferably, the ethylene-propylene copolymer will have a polymerized ethylene content of from about 14% to about 27% by weight, more preferably from about 14% to about 20% by weight. The average molecular weight (Mw) of the ethylene-propylene copolymer is preferably in the range of from about 50,000 to about 500,000, more preferably from about 75,000 to about 300,000, and most preferably from about 100,000 to about 200,000.

[0021] The ethylene-propylene copolymers (EPC) of the present invention can be prepared using metallocene or conventional Ziegler-Natta type catalysts. In either case, polymerization can be carried out in a gas phase, solution or slurry polymerization process. For example, a satisfactory method for preparing ethylene-propylene copolymers comprises contacting ethylene and propylene monomers with a metallocene catalyst under polymerization conditions in a ratio to obtain the desired polymeric composition, producing isotactic polypropylene having a stereoregularity greater than about 80%. An example of a metallocene catalyst is activated dimethylsilylbis(indenyl)hafnium dimethyl.

[0022] Alternatively, the EPC of the present invention may be prepared using a conventional Ziegler-Natta catalyst capable of producing similar isotactic polypropylene.

[0023] The core preferably comprises at least one mineralizer selected from the group consisting of sodium hydroxide (NaOH), calcium chloride (CaCl2), aluminum sulfate (Al2(SO4)3) and calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2. The panel according to the invention, in particular the core of the panel, may comprise cellulose-based particles, in particular lignocellulose-based particles, in particular fibers. Preferably, the cellulose-based particles comprise wood, straw. Previous studies have shown that wood is chemically heterogeneous and its components can be divided into two groups: high molecular weight structural components, i.e. natural macromolecular substances (cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin), which are the main cell wall components; and low molecular weight non-structural components (extractables and inorganic components). Both wood and wood fibers contain many chemical components, but it was found that the main inhibitor of core hydration is sugar. Before mixing natural fibers (such as wood fibers) with the (initially fluid) polymer, they are preferably subjected to a variety of chemical treatments. The compressive strength and other mechanical properties of the treated wood fiber composites are higher than those of untreated fibers. Chemicals such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH), calcium chloride (CaCl2) and aluminum sulfate (Al2(SO4)3), sometimes also called mineralizers (mineralizers), generally improve the compatibility of the core and plant-derived aggregates. Composite mineralizers may also be used, such as Al2(SO4)3 + Ca(OH)2. When Al2(SO4)3 is used as a mineralizer, it prevents the release of sugars from organic aggregates and reduces hygroscopicity and water absorption. Al2(SO4)3 in its hydrated form is characterized by an acidic reaction in water, while calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] is characterized by an alkaline reaction in water. Mineralization is achieved by increasing the efficiency of Al2(SO4)3, at least partially neutralizing the acidic environment caused by Al2(SO4)3, and improving the workability of the mixture. Mineralization of wood aggregate also results in improved adhesion between wood particles and polymer, resulting in a more stable, cohesive polymer.

[0024] As mentioned above, at least a portion of the cellulose-based particles are formed from fibers. It is also conceivable that at least a portion of the cellulose-based particles are formed from powder, (wood) shavings, (wood) fibers and / or (wood) chips. In addition to wood, other natural fibers can also be used.

[0025] Preferably, the core and / or the backing layer comprises at least one filler selected from the group consisting of: minerals, preferably calcium carbonate; pigments; modifiers; fibers, such as glass fibers, wood, straw. The fibers may be loose fibers and / or interconnected fibers, forming a woven or non-woven layer.

[0026] The core preferably comprises at least one additional filler selected from the group consisting of steel, glass, polypropylene, wood, acrylic, alumina, curaua, carbon, cellulose, coconut, aramid, nylon, peron, polyethylene, PVA, rock wool, sisal and fique. This may further increase the strength of the panel and / or the water resistance and / or fire resistance of the panel itself.

[0027] Preferably, the core comprises sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC). It has been found that the addition of CMC to the core (during the production process) facilitates or even promotes the self-degradation of the polymer-based core, especially the polymer, in an alkaline water environment and at high temperatures (200°C or higher). This will therefore increase the biodegradability of the panel. At such high temperatures, CMC releases two main volatile compounds, CO2 and acetic acid, thereby forming a porous structure in the core. CMC also reacts with NaOH from sodium silicate (if applied) to form three water-insensitive solid reaction products: disodium glycolate, sodium glycoside salt and sodium bicarbonate. Other water-sensitive solid reaction products, such as sodium polysilicate and sodium carbonate, are derived from the hydrolysis products of sodium silicate.

[0028] Preferably, the core contains silicon powder. Silicon powder, also known as microsilica, is an amorphous (non-crystalline) polymorph of silicon dioxide, i.e. silicon dioxide. It is an ultrafine powder collected as a by-product of silicon and ferrosilicon alloy production, usually consisting of spherical particles with an average particle size of 150nm. By adding silicon powder to the core, especially to the polymer, water resistance and fire resistance can be significantly improved. However, silicon powder may affect the compressive strength of the core, so the amount of silicon powder is preferably kept limited to an amount equal to or less than 10% by weight.

[0029] The core may contain iron oxide (Fe2O3), preferably in an amount of less than 6% by weight. The iron oxide gives the core its color. Furthermore, at very high temperatures, the iron oxide reacts chemically with calcium and aluminum that may also be present in the core to form tricalcium aluminoferrite, a material (tricalcium aluminoferrite) that increases the hardness and strength of the core. Preferably, the amount of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) in the core is between 3% and 8% by weight. Preferably, the amount of calcium sulfate required for the above reaction is typically up to (and including) between 0.5% by weight.

[0030] The core preferably comprises fatty acids. The fatty acids can penetrate the channels (pores) of the raw ore (if used) prior to grinding and aid in the (efficiency of) the grinding process to produce a mineral-based core powder.

[0031] The core may contain at least one alkali metal sulfate, such as magnesium sulfate. This generally speeds up the production process of the core.

[0032] Typically, the core comprises at least one polymer, such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polystyrene (PS) and / or polyurethane (PUR) and / or thermoplastic polyolefin. The polymer used can be virgin, recycled, and / or a mixture of virgin and / or recycled polymer materials can be used. It is preferred to use only one (single) polymer material to promote further recyclability. The PS can be in the form of expanded PS (EPS) to further reduce the density of the panel, which leads to cost savings and facilitates the handling of the panel. Other polymers, particularly thermoplastics, can also be used. It is also conceivable that the rubber part (particles) is dispersed in at least one core to increase flexibility at least to a certain extent. At least one polymer (if applied) can be applied in the core in the form of a sheet (enclosed layer), a mesh (woven material), a non-woven material and / or individual polymer particles (e.g., fibers, beads, spheres). In the case of applying a polymer layer, the layer is preferably surrounded by a composite material on both sides and is therefore preferably embedded in the core.

[0033] Preferably, the core comprises perlite, preferably expanded (foamed) perlite. Perlite is an amorphous volcanic glass with a relatively high water content, usually formed by the hydration of obsidian. Perlite has the unusual property of expanding significantly when heated sufficiently, which significantly reduces the density of the core and thus the density of the panel itself. Preferably, the core also comprises foamed perlite of varying particle size values. Closed-cell foamed perlite can achieve a (perlite) porosity of 30% to 40%. The perlite can be preliminarily processed by silicon solutions, sodium silicates, potassium silicates and lithium silicates.

[0034] Furthermore, the core may contain one or more additive materials, advantageously comprising surface active substances (SAS) such as methylcellulose, "Badimol" plasticizers and other cationically active SAS for improving the rheology of the mixture. The core may also contain bentonite, a finely ground natural product suitable for improving the rheological and water-resistant properties of the panel itself.

[0035] The core may also include at least one flame retardant additive. The flame retardant additive is preferably formed by an organic halogen compound. Such compounds are capable of removing reactive H and OH radicals during a fire. The organic halogen compound preferably contains bromine and / or chlorine. From the point of view of flame retardancy, organic bromine compounds such as PBDE (polybrominated diphenyl ether) are more recommended than organic chlorine compounds such as PCB (polychlorinated biphenyls). Other examples of suitable brominated compounds are: tetrabromobisphenol A, decabromodiphenyl ether (Deca), octabromodiphenyl ether, tetrabromodiphenyl ether, hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), tribromophenol, bis(tribromophenoxy)ethane, tetrabromobisphenol A polycarbonate oligomer (TBBA or TBBPA), tetrabromobisphenol A epoxy resin oligomer (TBBA or TBBPA) and tetrabromophthalic anhydride. Other examples of suitable chlorinated compounds are: chlorinated paraffins, bis(hexachlorocyclopentadiene)cyclooctane, dodecachloride pentacyclodecane (Dechlorane) and 1,2,3,4,7,8,9,10,13,13,14,14-dodecylchloro-1,4,4a,5,6,6a,7,10,10a,11,12,12a-dodecano-1,4,7,10-dimethyldibenzo[a,e]cyclooctene (Dechlorane Plus). Although halogenated flame retardants are particularly effective, they generally have the disadvantage of producing toxic fumes in the event of a fire. Therefore, it is also conceivable to use one or more alternative, less toxic flame retardant additives, including intumescent (for foaming) substances. The working principle of these alternative additives is based on the formation of a foam layer, which acts as an oxygen barrier and therefore also has a flame retardant effect. Such intumescent additives generally contain melamine or a salt derived therefrom. An example here is a mixture of polyphosphates (acid donor) with melamine (blowing agent) and carbon donors such as dipentaerythritol, starch or pentaerythritol. In the event of a fire, gaseous products such as carbon dioxide and ammonia are formed here. The foam layer formed is stabilized by crosslinking, as in the case of vulcanization. Other examples of suitable, relatively environmentally friendly melamine-based additives are: melamine cyanurate, melamine polyphosphate and melamine phosphate.

[0036] To reduce weight and thus save costs, it may be advantageous for the core to be at least partially foamed.The foamed structure may comprise open cells (small cells) and / or closed cells (small cells).

[0037] Although the core may be provided with one or more plasticizers, such as phthalates, to provide greater flexibility to the core (and the panel itself), it is preferred that each composite material is preferably free of any plasticizers in order to increase the stiffness of the core of the panel, which is also beneficial from an environmental point of view.

[0038] The at least one reinforcing layer is preferably a non-woven or woven layer, in particular a cloth, for example made of glass fibre. Their thickness may be 0.2 mm to 0.4 mm. It is also conceivable that each tile comprises a plurality of (usually thinner) base layers stacked on top of each other, wherein at least one reinforcing layer is located between two adjacent base layers. Preferably, the density of the reinforcing layer is preferably in the range of 1,000 kg / m 3 Up to 2,000kg / m 3 Between, preferably 1,400kg / m 3 Up to 1,900kg / m 3 and more preferably 1,400 kg / m 3 Up to 1,700kg / m 3 At least one reinforcement layer may comprise natural fibers, such as jute. At least one reinforcement layer may comprise synthetic fibers, in particular polymer fibers, such as nylon fibers.

[0039] Preferably, the core comprises at least 50 wt. %, preferably 50 to 90 wt. % of polymer. Preferably, the core comprises 1 to 15 wt. % of cellulose-based fibers. Preferably, the core comprises 0 to 3 wt. % of perlite. Preferably, the core comprises 1 to 8 wt. % of a reinforcement layer.

[0040] In a preferred embodiment, at least one core has a mass greater than 1 kg / m 3 This relatively high density usually results in a panel that is strong and rigid. However, it is also conceivable that at least one core has a density of less than 1 kg / m 3 , which results in a saving in weight, and thus in a saving in shipping and handling costs. Lower density can be achieved, for example, by applying one or more foaming ingredients, such as expanded perlite, expanded polystyrene, and the like.

[0041] It is conceivable that the core is provided with a waterproof coating that substantially covers the at least one core. This can further improve the waterproof performance of the panel itself. For this reason, the waterproof coating can be a waterproof formulation that applies a two-component liquid for application as a liquid to at least one core (the outer surface of at least one core). Typically, the coating comprises: separate components A and B, which can be transported in separate containers and can be combined to form a blend, wherein vulcanization is initiated to solidify the components into a film, wherein component A comprises an aqueous latex of natural or synthetic rubber, component B comprises an oil carrier and a hygroscopic agent, a vulcanizing agent that can be used to cure the rubber in component A is dispersed in the oil carrier, and the hygroscopic agent can be used to chemically bind the water in component A. Component A preferably comprises a latex stabilizer that can be used to increase the working life of the rubber by controlling the initial pH value of the latex component. It has also been found that adding a small amount of potassium hydroxide (KOH) dissolved in component A can extend the coagulation time, but an excessive amount may make the latex unstable and cause the latex to gel prematurely. Therefore, the preferred addition ratio is up to 1.5 parts per 100 parts of rubber. It is believed that other high pH additives can be used, such as ammonia or sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Therefore, exemplary component A of the present invention can include 0 to 2.5 phr (parts / per hundred parts of rubber). Component B especially includes an oil 12 carrier fluid for a vulcanizing agent and a hygroscopic agent. In a preferred embodiment, the oil carrier fluid is a mixture of hydrocarbon oils, such as a blend of aromatic and paraffin compositions. The aromatic oil that preferentially swells the rubber particles is usually more viscous. Fluidity can be controlled by adding a paraffin oil of lower viscosity, which is also used to adjust the setting time of the composition. In other exemplary embodiments, synthetic liquid plasticizers can be used, such as phthalates, adipic acid esters or other commonly used rubber plasticizers. Carrier fluid 12 can also include a certain proportion of oxidation or penetration grade asphalt. The content of aromatic oil cannot be less than 50% of the oil carrier fluid, and the asphalt content is not higher than 30%. However, the presence of asphalt is not critical to the present invention. It is also optional to use hard synthetic resins or natural resins. The oil 12 carrier fluid will account for 20% to 60% of the total weight of the formulation (when components A and B are combined). Component B generally comprises a vulcanizing agent or a curing package. Preferably, the curing package contains elemental sulfur as the sulfur donor of the system, zinc oxide as a vulcanization activator, and a mixture of zinc isopropyl xanthate (ZIX) and zinc dibutyl dithiocarbamate dibutylamine complex (ZDBCX) as an accelerator. These can be used in preferred ranges: 0.5 to 15.0 phr (based on 100 parts of rubber sulfur), 0.5 to 20.0 phr (ZnO), 0.1 to 5.0 phr (ZIX) and 0.1 to 5.0 phr (ZDBCX), respectively. Other known vulcanizing agents and / or curing packages are considered to be suitable for the present invention. Component B may also contain a hygroscopic agent or desiccant for chemically bonding the water of component A. A preferred hygroscopic agent is calcium oxide.Other hygroscopic agents may include other metal oxides that react with water to form hydroxides, such as magnesium, barium, etc. It is also possible to use a hydraulic core, such as a Portland core or a high alumina core, a calcium sulfate core (plaster of Paris), or a magnesium oxychloride core. The hygroscopic agent may also include an anhydrous salt that absorbs a significant proportion (25% or more) of its own water weight, such as borax. The weight of the hygroscopic agent is selected to effectively dehydrate the latex, preferably slightly excessive to ensure that water is combined. However, partial drying of the latex may be used, i.e., using a hygroscopic agent less than a stoichiometric amount. Depending on the hygroscopic agent selected, the hygroscopic agent may account for 10% to 50% of the total formulation system. Component B may also include one or more rheology modifiers. Preferably, a combination of montmorillonite clay (which is activated by a chemical activator) and calcium carbonate coated with stearate is used to achieve the desired rheological balance, but other options may also be used, such as organically treated bentonite clay, fumed silica, polymer fibers, waste rubber powder, finely ground fly ash, hollow glass microspheres, and hydrogenated castor oil. Depending on the materials selected, the amount of rheology modifier may range from 0.5% to 25.0% by weight of the total solids in the formulation system (Components A and B combined).

[0042] It is also conceivable that a waterproof layer is located between the core and the top structure. This can further improve the waterproof properties of the panel itself. The waterproof layer can have the same composition as the waterproof coating described above, but can also be formed by a polymer layer, such as a PVC layer.

[0043] It is not impossible that the core comprises a plurality of reinforcement layers. For example, at least one first reinforcement layer may be located at the top of the core, and at least one second reinforcement layer may be located at the bottom of the core.

[0044] It is conceivable that the core comprises a laminate of cores stacked directly and / or indirectly on top of each other. The cores may have the same composition, but may also have mutually different compositions, which makes it possible to adjust the properties of each core and adapt it to its own primary function (e.g. soundproofing, providing strength, providing flexibility, etc.).

[0045] The top structure is preferably adhered to the core by a waterproof adhesive. This isolates the core from water applied to the top structure, thereby making the panel itself more waterproof. In addition, this can prevent the top structure from easily delaminating from the core. The waterproof adhesive is preferably a methoxysilyl adhesive, more preferably a dimethoxysilyl adhesive and / or a trimethoxysilyl adhesive. More preferably, the methoxysilyl adhesive is acrylic modified. Polypropylene glycol is preferably used as a plasticizer in the adhesive. Preferably, the adhesive also contains at least one of the following ingredients: at least one silane (acting as a dehumidifier and / or adhesion promoter), a catalyst such as DOT (dioctyltin), at least one antioxidant, at least one mineral filler such as calcium carbonate. Preferably, all of the above ingredients are present in the (waterproof) adhesive. This adhesive is typically a 1K adhesive.

[0046] The top structure preferably comprises at least one decorative layer and at least one transparent wear-resistant layer covering the decorative layer. A primer layer or other protective layer may be applied above the wear-resistant layer. A finishing layer may be applied between the decorative layer and the wear-resistant layer. The decorative layer will be visible and will serve to provide the panel with an attractive appearance. To this end, the decorative layer may have a design pattern, which may be, for example, a wood grain design, a mineral grain design similar to marble, granite or any other natural stone grain, or a color pattern, a color mixture or a single color, to name just a few design possibilities. Customized appearance is also conceivable, which is usually achieved by digital printing during the panel production process. The decorative top structure may also be formed by at least one layer, preferably a polymer layer or a paper layer. The polymer layer or the paper layer is usually provided with a print. The (printed) polymer layer or the (printed) paper layer may be glued to the core. Here, the core may contain and / or consist of a plasticized or unplasticized polymer, or may contain and / or consist of a mineral material, such as magnesium oxide. In an alternative embodiment, the decorative top structure is omitted in the panel according to the invention and is therefore not applied. In the latter embodiment, a decorative panel, in particular a floor panel, a ceiling panel or a wall panel, comprises: a core provided with an upper side and a lower side; a first panel edge comprising a first connecting profile; and a second panel edge comprising a second connecting profile designed to interlockingly engage with the first connecting profile of an adjacent panel both in horizontal and vertical directions, wherein the core comprises at least one core comprising: at least one polymer; cellulose-based particles dispersed in the polymer; and at least one reinforcement layer embedded in the core.

[0047] Preferably, the panel comprises a backing layer attached to the rear side of the core. At least one backing layer is preferably at least partially made of a flexible material, preferably an elastomer. The thickness of the backing layer generally varies between about 0.1 mm and 2.5 mm. Non-limiting examples of materials that can be made of the backing layer are polyethylene, cork, polyurethane and ethylene-vinyl acetate. The thickness of the polyethylene backing layer is generally, for example, 2 mm or less. The backing layer generally provides additional firmness, dimensional stability and / or impact resistance to the panel itself, which increases the durability of the panel. In addition, the (flexible) backing layer can increase the acoustic (sound insulation) properties of the panel. In a particular embodiment, the backing layer is provided with at least one plasticizer. It is conceivable that the back of the backing layer is provided with at least one microbial-based coating to prevent and / or stop bacterial growth below the panel after installation.

[0048] Preferably, at least one reinforcing layer extends only in one of the first and second coupling profiles. This can be achieved by designing the first coupling profile and the second coupling profile in a manner that forms a vertically extending tongue-and-groove (folded down) connection, typically using an upper profile and a lower profile, a preferred example of which will be given below. The advantage of applying a reinforcing layer only in one coupling profile (typically the above-mentioned lower profile) and thus not in a complementary coupling profile (typically the above-mentioned upper profile) is that the flexibility of one profile (the upper profile) is greater than the flexibility of the other profile (the lower profile). This generally means that the upper profile is more easily deformed than the lower profile, and this is particularly advantageous in the case where deformation is required to achieve the connection between the coupling profiles.

[0049] Preferably, the first coupling profile comprises: upward tenon; at least one upward flank located at a distance from the upward tongue; an upward groove formed between the upward tongue and the upward wing, wherein the upward groove is adapted to receive at least a part of the downward tongue of the second coupling profile of an adjacent panel; and at least one first locking element, which is preferably arranged on the far side of the upward tongue facing away from the upward flank, And preferably, the (complementary) second coupling profile comprises: First downward tenon; at least one first downward flank located at a distance from the downward tongue; a first downward groove formed between the downward tongue and the downward wing, wherein the downward groove is adapted to receive at least a part of the upward tongue of the first coupling profile of an adjacent panel; and At least one second locking element, which is adapted to cooperate with a first locking element of an adjacent panel, wherein the second locking element is preferably arranged at the downward flank.

[0050] Preferably, the first locking element comprises a projection and / or a recess, and wherein the second locking element comprises a projection and / or a recess. The projection is generally adapted to be at least partially received in a recess of an adjacent coupling panel to achieve a locked coupling, preferably a vertically locked coupling. It is also conceivable that the first locking element and the second locking are not formed by a projection-recess combination, but by another combination of co-acting contoured surfaces and / or high friction contact surfaces. In this latter embodiment, at least one of the first locking element and the second locking element may be formed by a (flat or other shaped) contact surface, which is composed of an optionally separated plastic material, which is configured to produce friction with another locking element of another panel in an engaged (coupled) state. Examples of plastics suitable for producing friction include:

[0051] Acetal (POM), which is rigid, strong, and has good creep resistance. It has a low coefficient of friction, remains stable at high temperatures, and has good resistance to hot water;

[0052] Nylon (PA), which absorbs more water than most polymers, where impact strength and general energy absorption qualities actually increase as it absorbs water. Nylon also has a low coefficient of friction, good electrical properties, and good chemical resistance;

[0053] Polyphthalamide (PPA). This high-performance nylon has improved temperature resistance and low moisture absorption. It also has good chemical resistance;

[0054] Polyetheretherketone (PEEK), which is a high-temperature thermoplastic with good chemical resistance and flame retardancy as well as high strength. PEEK is a favorite in the aerospace industry;

[0055] Polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), which offers a balance of properties including chemical and temperature resistance, flame retardancy, flowability, dimensional stability and good electrical properties;

[0056] Polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), which is dimensionally stable, has high heat and chemical resistance, and has good electrical properties;

[0057] Thermoplastic polyimide (TPI), which is inherently flame retardant and has good physical, chemical and abrasion properties;

[0058] Polycarbonate (PC), which has good impact strength, high heat resistance and good dimensional stability. PC also has good electrical properties and is stable in water and inorganic or organic acids; and

[0059] Polyetherimide (PEI), which maintains strength and stiffness at high temperatures. It also has good long-term heat resistance, dimensional stability, inherent flame retardancy, and resistance to hydrocarbons, alcohols, and halogenated solvents.

[0060] It is conceivable that the first connecting profile and the second connecting profile are configured so that there is a pretensioning in the connected state, which presses the connecting panels at the corresponding edges towards each other, wherein this is preferably performed by applying overlapping profiles of the first connecting profile and the second connecting profile, in particular overlapping profiles of a downward tongue and an upward groove and / or overlapping profiles of an upward tongue and a downward groove, and wherein the first connecting profile and the second connecting profile are configured so that two such panels can be connected to each other by a downward folding movement and / or a vertical movement, wherein in the connected state, at least a portion of the downward tongue of the second connecting part is inserted into the upward groove of the first connecting part, so that the downward tongue is clamped by the first connecting part and / or the upward tongue is clamped by the second connecting part.

[0061] In a preferred embodiment, the panel comprises at least one third coupling profile and at least one fourth coupling profile at a third panel edge and a fourth panel edge, respectively, wherein the third coupling profile comprises: a lateral tongue extending in a direction substantially parallel to the upper side of the core; at least one second downward flank located at a distance from the lateral tongue; and a second downward groove formed between the lateral tongue and the second downward flank, Wherein, the fourth connection profile comprises: a third groove for accommodating at least a part of a lateral tongue of a third coupling profile of an adjacent panel, said third groove being defined by an upper lip and a lower lip, wherein said lower lip is provided with an upward locking element,

[0062] Wherein, the third connecting profile and the fourth connecting profile are configured so that two of such panels can be connected to each other by a rotational movement, wherein, in the connected state: at least a portion of the lateral tongue of the first panel is inserted into the third groove of the adjacent second panel, and wherein at least a portion of the upward locking element of the second panel is inserted into the second downward groove of the first panel.

[0063] The panels, typically the core, in particular at least one core, preferably comprise recycled material.Recycling material generally involves reusing leftover material resulting from a previous (panel) production process.

[0064] Preferably, at least one groove, and preferably each groove, is provided with at least one antimicrobial substance. This provides an acoustic barrier to bacteria, fungi and the like.

[0065] The core preferably has a thickness of at least 3 mm, preferably at least 4 mm, more preferably at least 5 mm.The panel thickness is typically between 3 and 10 mm, preferably between 4 and 8 mm.

[0066] The invention also relates to a decorative covering, in particular a decorative floor covering, a decorative ceiling covering or a decorative wall covering, comprising a plurality of mutually coupled decorative panels according to the invention. The covering can also be installed at vertical corners, for example at inner corners of intersecting walls, at furniture pieces and at outer corners, for example at entryways.

[0067] The ordinal numbers used herein, such as "first", "second" and "third" are used for identification purposes only. Therefore, the use of the expressions "third locking element" and "second locking element" does not necessarily require the coexistence of the "first locking element".

[0068] The decorative panels according to the invention may also be referred to as decorative tiles. "Complementary" coupling profiles mean that these coupling profiles can cooperate with each other. However, for this purpose, the complementary coupling profiles do not necessarily have to be of complementary form. "Vertical" locking means locking in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the panels. "Horizontal" locking means locking in a direction perpendicular to the respective coupling edges of the two panels and parallel to the plane defined by the panels or falling in line with this plane. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0069] The invention will be explained on the basis of the following non-limiting exemplary embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0070] Figure 1a A schematic diagram showing a multipurpose panel used in a multipurpose panel system according to the present invention;

[0071] Figure 1b A schematic diagram of a multi-purpose panel system is shown, the system comprising a plurality of Figure 1a Multi-purpose paneling shown;

[0072] Figure 2a A schematic diagram showing two different types of multi-purpose panels used in another embodiment of a multi-purpose panel system according to the present invention;

[0073] Figure 2b A schematic diagram of a multi-purpose panel system is shown, the system comprising a plurality of Figure 2a Multi-purpose paneling shown;

[0074] Figure 3a A schematic diagram showing a multi-purpose panel used in yet another embodiment of the multi-purpose panel system according to the present invention;

[0075] Figure 3b A schematic diagram of a multi-purpose panel system is shown, the system comprising a plurality of Figure 3a Multi-purpose paneling shown;

[0076] Figure 4a Shown along Figure 1a , 2a or a cross-sectional view of the multi-purpose panel along line AA shown in 3a;

[0077] Figure 4b Shown along Figure 1a , 2a or a cross-sectional view of the multi-purpose panel along line BB shown in 3a;

[0078] Figures 5a to 5c The two examples in the first, second and third connection states are shown respectively. Figure 1a , 2a or a cross-sectional view of a multi-purpose panel as shown in 3a;

[0079] Figures 6a to 6c showing cross-sectional views of two multipurpose panels with alternative coupling profiles in a first, second and third coupling state, respectively; and

[0080] Figures 7a to 7c Cross-sectional views of two multipurpose panels with further alternative coupling profiles are shown in a first, second and third coupled state, respectively. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0081] Figure 1a A schematic diagram of a multipurpose decorative panel 100 for use in a multipurpose panel system 110 according to the invention is shown. The figure shows a panel 100 comprising a first pair of opposite edges consisting of a first edge 101 and an opposite third edge 103, and a second pair of opposite edges consisting of a second edge 102 and a (further) opposite third edge 103. The first, second and third edges 101, 102, 103 are provided with first, second and third coupling profiles 104, 105, 106, respectively. The first coupling profile 104 and the third coupling profile 106 are configured such that two of such panels 100 can be coupled to each other at the first and third edges 101, 103 by a rotational movement. Furthermore, the second coupling profile 105 and the third coupling profile 106 are configured such that two of such panels 100 can be coupled to each other at the second and third edges 102, 103 by a folding-down movement and / or a vertical movement. The proportional relationship between the width and the length of the panel 100 can be selected at will. Figure 1a Only one of many possibilities is shown, in which the panel has an upper side 107 with a rectangular profile 108. However, it is also possible that the width and the length of the panel 100 are the same, so that the panel 100 has an upper side 107 with a square profile.

[0082] Figure 1b It shows that multiple Figure 1a Schematic diagram of a multi-purpose panel system 110 of multi-purpose panels 100 is shown. Although each panel 100 is identical, having a first pair of opposing edges consisting of a first edge 101 and an opposing third edge 103, and a second pair of opposing edges consisting of a second edge 102 and an opposing third edge 103, due to the compatibility of the joining profile of the third edge 103 with the joining profiles of the first and second edges 101, 102, the panels 100 can be combined in different ways, thereby generating different panel patterns 111, 112 within one multi-purpose panel system 110. In the depicted multi-purpose panel system 110, each panel 110 has an upper side 107 with a rectangular profile 108, and each panel 100 has a long side 113 and a short side 114. Thus, by coupling the first panel patterns 111 of interconnected panels 100, wherein their long sides 113 are connected to the long sides 113 of adjacent panels 100, to the second panel patterns 112 of interconnected panels 100, wherein their long sides 113 are connected to the long sides 113 of adjacent panels 100 and their short sides 114 are connected to the short sides 114 of another adjacent panel 100, different panel patterns 111, 112 are produced. The first and second panel patterns 111, 112 are thus rotated relative to each other, such that the long sides 113 of the panels 100 of the first panel pattern 111 are at a 90 degree angle relative to the long sides 113 of the panels 100 of the second panel pattern 112. Such coupling between different panel patterns 111, 112 is made possible by coupling the short sides 114 of the panels 100 of the first panel pattern 111 to the long sides 113 of the panels 100 of the second panel pattern 112. The installation of the panel system 110 can be achieved by tilting the first edge 101 of the panel 100 to be installed downwards relative to the third edge 103 of the installed panel 100, which will usually lock the panels 100 to each other both in the vertical and horizontal directions. During this tilting or turning movement of the panel 100 to be installed relative to the installed panel 100, the second edge 102 of the panel 100 to be installed will (simultaneously) be connected to the third edge 103 of the other installed panel 100, which is usually achieved by lowering or folding the panel 100 to be installed relative to the other installed panel 100, during which the second edge 102 of the panel 100 to be installed and the third edge 103 of the other installed panel 100 will engage with each other in a scissor-like movement (zipper movement). This results in the locking of the panel 100 to be installed relative to the other installed panel 100 both in the horizontal and vertical directions.

[0083] Figure 2aSchematic diagram showing two different types of multi-purpose panels 201, 202 used in another embodiment of a multi-purpose panel system 200 according to the present invention. Figure 1a , each of these panels 201, 202 comprises a first pair of opposite edges consisting of a first edge 101 and an opposite third edge 103, and a second pair of opposite edges consisting of a second edge 102 and an opposite third edge 103. Likewise, the first, second and third edges 101, 102, 103 are provided with first, second and third coupling profiles 104, 105, 106, respectively, wherein the first coupling profile 104 and the third coupling profile 106 are configured such that the two panels 201, 202 can be coupled to each other at the first and third edges 101, 103 by a rotational movement, and the second coupling profile 105 and the third coupling profile 106 are configured such that the two panels 201, 202 can be coupled to each other at the second and third edges 102, 103 by a downward folding movement and / or a vertical movement. But this time, there are two different types of panels 201, 202, wherein the joining profiles 105, 106 of a pair of opposite edges 102, 103 on the first type of panel 201 are arranged in a mirror-inverted manner with respect to the joining profiles 105, 106 of a corresponding pair of opposite edges 102, 103 on the second type of panel 202. Note that the depicted edge pair of the mirror-inverted different types of panels 201, 202 is formed by the second and third edges 102, 103. However, a mirror-inverted edge pair could just as well be formed by the first and third edges 101, 103. Furthermore, the multi-purpose panels 201, 202 used in this multi-purpose panel system 200 have an upper side 107 with a parallelogram profile 208. Two adjacent edges 101, 102, 103 of these panels 201, 202 here enclose an acute angle 203 or an obtuse angle 204. In this particular embodiment, the obtuse angle 204 enclosed by the first and second edges 101, 102 is of the same magnitude as the obtuse angle 204 enclosed by the third edge 103, and the acute angle 203 enclosed by the first and third edges 101, 103 is of the same magnitude as the acute angle 203 enclosed by the second and third edges 102, 103. The difference in the configuration of the panels and the parallelogram profile 208 of their upper side 107 allows these panels 201, 202 to form a chevron pattern 205 in the connected state.

[0084] Figure 2b A schematic diagram of a multi-purpose panel system 200 is shown, the system comprising a plurality of Figure 2aThe multi-purpose panels 201, 202 shown. As previously mentioned, the multi-purpose panels 201, 202 forming part of the multi-purpose panel system 200 are of two different (mirror image) types / configurations. While the difference in the panel construction and the parallelogram shape of their top surface 107 allow these panels 201, 202 to form a chevron pattern 205 when connected, having a first pair of opposing edges consisting of a first edge 101 and an opposing third edge 103 and a second pair of opposing edges consisting of a second edge 102 and an opposing third edge 103 (wherein the connecting profile 106 of the third edge 103 is compatible with the connecting profiles 104, 105 of the first and second edges 101, 102) allows the panels 201, 202 to also be connected in different ways, resulting in different panel patterns 206, 207 within an interconnected multi-purpose panel system 200. With Figure 1b As with the illustrated multi-purpose panel system 110, different panel patterns 206, 207 are created by coupling a first panel pattern 206 of interconnected panels 201, 202 to a second panel pattern 207 of interconnected panels 201, 202. Within these individual panel patterns 206, 207, each pair of opposing edges 101, 103 and 102, 103 of each panel 201, 202 is connected to an edge 101, 102, 103 of an adjacent panel 201, 202 that is a portion of a corresponding pair of opposing edges 101, 103 and 102, 103 of the adjacent panels 201, 202. However, the coupling of the first and second panel patterns 206, 207 is achieved by connecting the panels 201, 202 of the first panel pattern 206 (which have edges 101, 103 that form part of a pair of opposing edges 101, 103) with the panels 201, 202 of the second panel pattern 207 (which have edges 102, 103 that form part of another non-corresponding pair of opposing edges 102, 103). As a result, the interconnected multi-purpose panel system 200 includes two different panel patterns 206, 207 that are rotated 90 degrees relative to each other. Figure 2b The installation of the panel system 200 shown in FIG. 1 is generally similar to Figure 1b The installation of the panel system 110 shown in FIG.

[0085] Figure 3a A schematic diagram of a multi-purpose panel 301 used in yet another embodiment of a multi-purpose panel system 300 according to the present invention is shown. Figure 1a and 2aIn addition to the multi-purpose panels 100, 201, 202 shown in FIG, each of these panels 301 includes three pairs of opposing edges and has an upper side with a regular hexagonal outline 302. The first pair of opposing edges consists of a first edge 101 and an opposing third edge 103. The second and third pairs of opposing edges consist of a second edge 102 and an opposing third edge 103. The first, second and third edges 101, 102, 103 are positioned here so that the third edges 103 are directly adjacent to each other and the second edges 102 are located on two edges adjacent to the first edge 101. As a result, the second edges 102 are not adjacent to each other. However, these multi-purpose panels 301 are similar to Figure 1a and 2a The common point between the multi-purpose panels 100, 201, 202 shown in the figure is that the first, second and third edges 101, 102, 103 are respectively provided with first, second and third connecting profiles 104, 105, 106, wherein the first connecting profile 104 and the third connecting profile 106 are configured so that the two panels 301 can be connected to each other at the first and third edges 101, 103 by a rotational movement, and the second connecting profile 105 and the third connecting profile 106 are configured so that the two panels 301 can be connected to each other at the second and third edges 102, 103 by a downward folding movement and / or a vertical movement.

[0086] Figure 3b A schematic diagram of a multi-purpose panel system 300 is shown, the system comprising a plurality of Figure 3a The multi-purpose panel 301 is shown. In the depicted panel configuration, the panels 301 are all oriented the same. The installation of the panel system 300 can be done in the same way as Figure 1b and 2b The panel systems 110, 200 are implemented in a similar manner. By tilting the first edge 101 of the panel 301 to be installed downwards relative to the third edge 103 of the installed panel 301, the panels 301 will usually be locked to each other in the vertical and horizontal directions. During this tilting or turning movement of the panel 301 to be installed relative to the installed panel 301, one or more second edges 102 of the panel 300 to be installed will be (simultaneously) connected to the third edge 103 of one or more other adjacent installed panels 301, which is usually achieved by lowering or folding the panel 301 to be installed relative to the other installed panels 301, during which the second edge 102 of the panel 301 to be installed and the third edge 103 of the other installed panels 301 will engage with each other in a scissor-like movement (zipper movement). This results in the locking of the panel 301 to be installed relative to the other installed panels 301 in the horizontal and vertical directions.

[0087] Figure 4a Shown along Figure 1a ,2a 3a or 3a. In the figure, a first edge 101 and an opposite third edge 103 of the panel 100, 201, 202, 301 are visible, with a first coupling profile 104 and a third coupling profile 106, respectively. The first coupling profile 104 comprises: a lateral tongue 400 extending in a direction substantially parallel to an upper side 107 of the panel 100, 201, 202, 301; at least one first downward flank 401 located at a distance from the lateral tongue 400; and a first downward recess 402 formed between the lateral tongue 400 and the first downward flank 401. A proximal side 403 of the lateral tongue 400 of the first coupling profile 104, which faces the first downward recess 402, is thereby inclined downwards in a direction away from the first downward flank 401. However, it is also possible that the proximal side 403 of the lateral tongue 400 is inclined downwards in the direction towards the first downward flank 401. A first transition region 404 may be defined between the proximal side 403 of the lateral tongue 400 of the first coupling profile 104 and the lower side 405 of the lateral tongue 400 of the first coupling profile 104. In the present example, the first transition region 404 is curved. The upper side 406 of the first downward recess 402 is inclined downwards towards the first downward flank 401 in the depicted panels 100, 201, 202, 301. The first coupling profile 104 may also include a first locking element 407, which may cooperate with a third locking element 440 of the third coupling profile 106 of an adjacent panel 100, 201, 202, 301 in the coupling position. The first locking element 407 may be arranged at the first downward flank 401 of the first coupling profile 104. In the presently depicted panels 100 , 201 , 202 , 301 , the first locking element 407 comprises at least one first locking groove 408 .

[0088] The third coupling profile 106 comprises a third recess 430, which is configured to accommodate at least a portion of a lateral tongue 400 of the first coupling profile 104 of another panel 100, 201, 202, 301, and which is defined by an upper lip 431 and a lower lip 432, wherein the lower lip 432 is provided with an upward locking element 433. A proximal side 434 of the upward locking element 433 of the third coupling profile 106, which faces the third recess 430, is inclined upward in a direction away from the upper lip 431. However, as an alternative, it is also possible that the proximal side 434 of the upward locking element 433 is inclined upward in a direction towards the upper lip 431. A third transition region 435 may be defined between the proximal side 434 of the upward locking element 433 and the upper side 436 of the upward locking element 433. In the present example, the third transition region 435 is also curved, following the curved first transition region 404. The upper side 436 of the upward locking element 433 in the depicted panels 100, 201, 202, 301 is inclined downward in the direction away from the upper lip 431 of the third coupling profile 106. At the lower side 437 of the lower lip 432 of the third coupling profile 106, there is a notch 438, which extends all the way to the distal end 439 of the lower lip 432. The notch 438 allows the lower lip 432 to bend in the downward direction. As already mentioned, the third coupling profile 106 can further include a third locking element 440, which can cooperate with the first locking element 407 of the first coupling profile 104 of the adjacent panels 100, 201, 202, 301 to establish a vertical lock between the coupled panels 100, 201, 202, 301. The third locking element 440 may be arranged on the distal side 441 of the lower lip 432 away from the third recess 430 and / or the distal side 442 of the upward locking element 433 away from the third recess 430. As described here, the third locking element 440 can be specifically positioned at a distance from the lower side 437 of the lower lip 432 and the upper side 436 of the upward locking element 433. In the panel currently described, the third locking element 440 includes at least one outward protrusion 443, which is suitable for at least partially receiving in the first locking groove 408 or the second locking groove 423 of the adjacent coupling panel 100, 201, 202, 301 to achieve the purpose of (vertical) locking connection. The core 452 is provided with at least one reinforcing layer 454, such as a glass fiber layer (cloth) combined (embedded) in the core 452. More specifically, the core comprises at least one polymer, and preferably comprises at least one plasticizer. Alternatively, the core comprises a mineral, such as magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide and / or a magnesium binder.The panels (optionally only the joining profiles) may be provided with at least one antibacterial (antimicrobial) coating and / or antibacterial (antimicrobial) substance mixed with the core material and / or the top structure of said panels.Optionally, an antimicrobial coating may be applied above the top structure, but for health and safety reasons, the antimicrobial substance is preferably not exposed to the (above) outside world during normal use. The core may contain: additional additives (e.g. calcium carbonate) and / or cellulose-based particles dispersed in the polymer (matrix); and in this embodiment, at least one reinforcing layer 454 embedded in the core. The core shown can be considered a single layer, but one part is located above the reinforcing layer 454 and one part is located below the reinforcing layer 454, and the two parts are connected to each other (integrally) by the composite material present in the pores of the reinforcing layer. Detailed compositions and examples of additives have been described above in a comprehensive manner.

[0089] Figure 4b Shown along Figure 1a , 2a3a or 3a, a cross-section of a multi-purpose panel 100, 201, 202, 301 along line BB. In the figure, a second edge 102 and another opposite third edge 103 of the panel 100, 201, 202, 301 are visible, respectively having a second joining profile 105 and a third joining profile 106. The third joining profile 106 matches the third joining profile 106 provided on the adjacent third edge 103 of the panel 100, 201, 202, 301, the features of which are given above in the description of the cross-section along line AA of the multi-purpose panel 100, 201, 202, 301. The second coupling profile 105 comprises a downward tongue 410 extending in a direction substantially perpendicular to the upper side 107 of the panel 100, 201, 202, 301, at least one second downward flank 411 located at a distance from the downward tongue 410, and a second downward recess 412 formed between the downward tongue 410 and the second downward flank 411. A proximal side 413 of the downward tongue 410 of the second coupling profile 105, which faces the second downward recess 412, is thereby inclined downward in a direction away from the second downward flank 411. However, it is also possible that the proximal side 413 of the downward tongue 410 is inclined downward in a direction towards the second downward flank 411. A second transition region 414 may be defined between the proximal side 413 of the downward tongue 410 of the second coupling profile 105 and the lower side 415 of the downward tongue 410 of the second coupling profile 105. In the present example, the second transition region 414 is curved. The distal side 416 of the downward tongue 410 facing away from the second downward recess 412 comprises at least one vertical upper wall portion 417, which is adjacent to the upper side 107 of the panel 100, 201, 202, 301, and an inclined wall portion 418, which is adjacent to and below the vertical upper wall portion 417 and is inclined inwardly towards the chamfered and / or curved lower wall portion 419 of the distal side 416 of the downward tongue 410. Thereby, there may be an intermediate vertical wall portion 420 between the inclined wall portion 418 and the chamfered and / or curved lower wall portion 419. The lower wall portion 419 of the distal side 416 of the downward tongue 410 may furthermore be connected to the lower side 415 of the downward tongue 410. The upper side 421 of the second downward recess 412 is inclined downwardly towards the second downward flank 411 in the depicted panels 100, 201, 202, 301. The second coupling profile 105 may further comprise at least one second locking element 422 which in the coupled position may cooperate with a third locking element 440 of a third coupling profile 106 of an adjacent panel 100, 201, 202, 301 to establish a vertical locking between the panels 100, 201, 202, 301. Here, the second locking element 422 may be arranged at a second downward flank 411 of the second coupling profile 105.In the currently depicted panels 100, 201, 202, 301, the second locking element 422 includes at least one second locking groove 423, which is suitable for at least partially receiving the outward protrusion 443 of the third locking element 440 of the adjacent connecting panel 100, 201, 202, 301 to achieve the purpose of (vertical) locking connection.

[0090] Figure 4a and 4b The joining profile 104, 105, 106 of each multipurpose panel 100, 201, 202, 301 shown in FIG is provided with a chamfer (bevel) 450 at or near the upper side 107 of the panel 100, 201, 202, 301. The panel 100, 201, 202, 301 comprises an upper base plate 451 fixed to an upper side 453 of a core 452, wherein the first, second and third joining profiles 104, 105, 106 are integrally connected to the core 452. At least one reinforcement layer 454, such as a glass fiber layer (cloth), embedded in the core 452 is likewise visible. Figure 4a and 4b The reinforcing layer 454 is shown to be present in only one of the two complementary coupling profiles. The upper substrate 451 comprises a decorative layer 455, a wear-resistant wear layer 456 covering the decorative layer 455 and a transparent facing layer 457 located between the decorative layer 455 and the wear layer 456. In addition, the panel 100, 201, 202, 301 comprises a backing layer 458 fixed to the bottom side 459 of the core 452.

[0091] Figures 5a to 5c The two examples in the first, second and third connection states are shown respectively. Figure 1a , 2a3a or 3a of a multipurpose panel 100, 201, 202, 301. In these figures it can be seen that in the coupled state at least a part of the lateral tongue 400 of a first coupling profile 104 of a panel 100, 201, 202, 301 is inserted into a third recess 430 of a third coupling profile 106 of an adjacent panel 100, 201, 202, 301 and at least a part of the upward locking element 433 of the third coupling profile 106 is inserted into the first downward recess 402 of the first coupling profile 104. In order to establish a fixation in the mutual position of the first coupling profile 104 and the third coupling profile 106, the underside 405 of the lateral tongue 400 of the first coupling profile 104 can thereby be supported by a lower surface 500 of the third recess 430 of the third coupling profile 106. The first edge 101 and the third edge 103 define a first closed surface 501 in the coupled state, which is defined as a first vertical plane 502 passing through the upper edge 503 of the coupled panels 100, 201, 202, 301. Each of the lateral tongue 400 and the third recess 430 thus extends through said first vertical plane 502. In the illustrated embodiment, the first and third coupling profiles 104, 106 comprise first and third locking elements 407, 440, respectively. The first and third locking elements 407, 440 are thus positioned such that the first locking element 407 faces the third locking element 440 of the third coupling profile 106 and cooperates therewith to achieve a vertical locking effect.

[0092] also, Figures 5a to 5c It is shown that in the coupled state at least a portion of the downward tongue 410 of the second coupling profile 105 is inserted into the third recess 430 of the third coupling profile 106 and at least a portion of the upward locking element 433 of the third coupling profile 106 is inserted into the second downward recess 412 of the second coupling profile 105. In order to establish a fixation in the mutual position of the second coupling profile 105 and the third coupling profile 106, the lower side 415 of the downward tongue 410 of the second coupling profile 105 may be supported by the lower surface 500 of the third recess 430 of the third coupling profile 106. The second edge 102 and the third edge 103 in the coupled state define a second closed surface 504, which defines a second vertical plane 505 passing through the upper edge 503 of the coupled panels 100, 201, 202, 301. The downward tongue 410 is thereby positioned on one side of the second vertical plane 505, while the third recess 430 extends through the second vertical plane 505. In the embodiment shown, the second coupling profile 105 furthermore comprises a second locking element 422. The second locking element 422 faces the third locking element 440 of the third coupling profile 106 and cooperates therewith to achieve a vertical locking effect.

[0093] Figures 6a to 6cA cross-sectional view of two multipurpose panels 600 with alternative coupling profiles 601 , 602, 603 is shown in a first, second and third coupled state, respectively. Figures 5a to 5c The connecting profiles 104, 105, 106 of the panels 100, 201, 202, 301 shown are configured such that in the connected state there is (substantially) no prestressing between the connecting profiles 104, 105, 106. Figures 6a to 6c The coupling profiles 601, 602, 603 of the panels 600 shown in the figure are configured such that in the coupled state there is a pretension, which forces the individual panels 600 towards each other at their respective edges 604. In the illustrated embodiment of the coupling profiles 601, 602, 603, the pretension is the result of a (local) deformation of the coupling profiles 601, 602, 603.

[0094] Figures 7a to 7c A cross-sectional view of two multipurpose panels 700 with further alternative coupling profiles 701, 702, 703 is shown in a first, second and third coupling state, respectively. In this embodiment of the third coupling profile 703, no recess is present at the lower side 705 of its lower lip 704. In the depicted multipurpose panel 700, the first coupling profile 701 further comprises a further first locking element 706 arranged at a distal side 707 of the first coupling profile 701, the first locking element 706 being located above at least a portion of the lateral tongue 708. Furthermore, the second coupling profile 702 comprises a further second locking element 709, which is arranged at a distal side 711 of the downward tongue 710 facing away from the second downward recess 712. The third coupling profile 703 further comprises an additional third locking element 713 arranged at a side 715 of the upper lip 714. In Figure 7a and 7b In the coupled state shown, the additional third locking element 713 faces the distal side 707 of the first coupling profile 701 of the adjacent panel 700, while Figure 7c In the shown coupled state, the additional third locking element 713 faces the distal side 711 of the downward tongue 710 of the second coupling profile 702 of the adjacent panel 700. Figures 7a to 7cThe figure further depicts the interaction between the additional first or second locking elements 706, 709 and the additional third locking element 713, which is used to produce a vertical locking effect when the two panels 700 are in a connected state; the interaction defines a tangent T1 (indicated by 716), which forms an angle A1 (indicated by 717) with a plane 718 defined by the panel 700, and the angle A1 is smaller than an angle A2 (indicated by 719), wherein the angle A2 is formed by the plane 718 defined by the panel 700 and the tangent T2 (indicated by 720), wherein the tangent T2 is defined by the interaction between the inclined portion of the proximal side 722 of the upward locking element 721 facing the third recess 723, the inclined portion of the proximal side 724 of the downward tenon 710 facing the second lower wing 725, and the inclined portion of the proximal side 726 of the lateral tenon 708 facing the first lower wing 727.

[0095] exist Figures 7a to 7c In the embodiment of the coupling profiles 701, 702, 703 shown, the first coupling profile 701 and the third coupling profile 703 as well as the second coupling profile 702 and the third coupling profile 703 are configured such that in the coupled state, there are a plurality of remote contact areas 728, wherein a space 729 is reserved between each pair of adjacent contact areas 728. Specifically, Figure 7a and 7b It is shown that the first downward flank 727 of the first coupling profile 701, the distal side 730 of the upward locking element 721 and the lower lip 704 of the third coupling profile 703 (which face the first downward flank 727) are positioned at a distance from each other. In addition, the upper side 731 of the upward locking element 721 of the third coupling profile 703 is positioned at a distance from the upper side 733 of the first downward recess 732 of the first coupling profile 701. Figure 7c , it can be seen that the second downward flank 725 of the second coupling profile 702, the distal side 730 of the upward locking element 721 and the lower lip 704 of the third coupling profile 703 (which face the second downward flank 725) are positioned at a distance from each other. In addition, the upper side 731 of the upward locking element 721 of the third coupling profile 703 is positioned at a distance from the upper side 734 of the second downward recess 712 of the second coupling profile 702.

[0096] exist Figures 5a to 7cIn the embodiment shown, the core preferably comprises at least one polymer, such as PVC, and preferably comprises at least one plasticizer. Alternatively, the core comprises a mineral, such as magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide and / or a magnesium binder. The panel (optionally only the core and / or the connecting profile) can be provided with at least one antibacterial (antimicrobial) coating and / or antibacterial (antimicrobial) substance. The substance is preferably mixed with the polymer material of the core material of the panel and / or the material of the top structure. Optionally, an antimicrobial coating can be applied above the top structure, but for health and safety reasons, the antimicrobial substance is preferably not exposed to the (above) outside world during normal use. Preferably, at least one antimicrobial substance is a zinc complex, preferably zinc pyrithione. Preferably, at least one antimicrobial substance is N-butyl-1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one (BBIT). Preferably, the panel, in particular the core and / or the top structure and / or the first connecting profile and / or the second connecting profile, is provided with a mixture of different antimicrobial substances, the mixture preferably comprising: a zinc complex, preferably zinc pyrithione; and N-butyl-1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one (BBIT). The core may comprise: further additives (e.g. calcium carbonate) and / or cellulose-based particles dispersed in the polymer (matrix); and in the present embodiment, at least one reinforcing layer embedded in the core. The core shown can be considered as a single layer, but with one part located above the reinforcing layer and one part located below the reinforcing layer 454, the two parts being connected to each other (integrally) by a composite material present in the pores of the reinforcing layer. Examples of detailed compositions and additives have been described above in a comprehensive manner.

[0097] Thus, the above-described inventive concepts have been described by means of several exemplary embodiments. It is contemplated that each inventive concept may also be applied without applying the other details of the described examples. It is not necessary to describe in detail all conceivable examples of combinations of the above-described inventive concepts, as those skilled in the art will appreciate that many inventive concepts may be (re)combined to achieve a particular application.

[0098] Obviously, the invention is not limited to the embodiments shown and described herein, but many variations are possible within the scope of the appended claims that are obvious to a person skilled in the art.

[0099] The verb "to comprise" and its conjugations as used in this patent disclosure should be understood to mean not only "to include", but also to refer to the phrases "including", "consisting essentially of", "formed of", and conjugations thereof.

Claims

1. A decorative panel, in particular a floor panel, a ceiling panel or a wall panel, comprising: A core having an upper side and a lower side, wherein the core comprises at least one polymer and at least one plasticizer; a decorative top structure secured to said upper side of said core; a first panel edge comprising a first coupling profile and a second panel edge comprising a second coupling profile designed to interlockingly engage with the first coupling profile of an adjacent panel both in horizontal and vertical direction, Therein, at least one antimicrobial substance is applied as a coating to the top structure and to at least a portion of the first coupling profile and / or to at least a portion of the second coupling profile.

2. The panel according to claim 1, wherein The first coupling profile and the second coupling profile form an integral part of the core.

3. The panel according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: Said at least one antimicrobial substance is dispersed within said core and / or said top structure.

4. The panel according to one of the preceding claims, the first and the second coupling profile being provided with a chamfer at or near the upper side of the panel.

5. The panel according to one of the preceding claims, wherein The at least one antimicrobial substance applied as a coating to the surface of the first coupling profile is arranged to face the second coupling profile of the adjacent panel in the coupled state.

6. The panel according to one of the preceding claims, wherein The at least one antimicrobial substance applied as a coating on the surface of the second coupling profile is arranged to face the first coupling profile of the adjacent panel in the coupled state.

7. The panel according to one of the preceding claims, wherein At least one antimicrobial substance is a zinc complex, preferably zinc pyrithione.

8. The panel according to one of the preceding claims, wherein At least one antimicrobial substance is N-butyl-1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one (BBIT).

9. The panel according to one of the preceding claims, wherein The panel, in particular the core and / or the top structure and / or the first connecting profile and / or the second connecting profile, is provided with a mixture of different antimicrobial substances, the mixture preferably comprising: a zinc complex, preferably zinc pyrithione; and N-butyl-1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one (BBIT).

10. The panel according to one of the preceding claims, wherein The core is an extruded core.

11. The panel according to one of the preceding claims, wherein The at least one polymer of the core is selected from the group consisting of PVC (polyvinyl chloride), PUR (polyurethane), PVB (polyvinyl butyral) and polyolefins such as PE or PP.

12. The panel according to one of the preceding claims, wherein The core comprises a plasticizer selected from the group consisting of DOTP, DINP, DIDP.

13. The panel according to one of the preceding claims, wherein The core comprises 100 parts polyvinyl chloride and 20 to 200 parts total plasticizer.

14. The panel according to one of the preceding claims, wherein The core comprises at least one compatibilizer to improve the compatibility between the at least one polymer and the at least one plasticizer.

15. The panel according to one of the preceding claims, wherein The panel comprises a backing layer applied directly or indirectly to the rear surface of the core, wherein the backing layer comprises at least one polymer and optionally at least one plasticizer.

16. The panel according to one of the preceding claims, wherein The antimicrobial substance is at least one antimicrobial substance selected from the group consisting of: 1-[[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-propyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl]methyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazole (propiconazole); (Benzothiazol-2-ylthio)methyl thiocyanate (TCMTB); 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-3-(1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)pentan-3-ol (tebuconazole); 1-[[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-propyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl]methyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazole (propiconazole); 2-Butyl-benzo[d]isothiazol-3-one (BBIT); 2-Octyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (OIT); 2-thiazol-4-yl-1H-benzimidazole (thiabendazole); 3-iodo-2-propynylbutylcarbamate (IPBC); 4,5-Dichloro-2-octylisothiazolin-3(2H)-one (DCOIT); 10,10-oxybisphenolarsine (OBPA); Carbendazim; Chlorocresol; Fludioxonil; n-(Trichloromethylthio)phthalimide (folpet); p-[(Diiodomethyl)sulfonyl]toluene; Zinc pyrithione (zinc pyrithione (Zpt)); Terbutaline; and Fumei Shuang.

17. The panel according to one of the preceding claims, wherein The core comprises at least one filler selected from the group consisting of: minerals, preferably calcium carbonate; pigments; modifiers; fibers.

18. The panel according to one of the preceding claims, wherein The core and / or the backing layer comprises the cellulose based particles, preferably lignocellulose, such as wood.

19. The panel according to one of claims 1 to 17, wherein The core is free of cellulose based particles.

20. The panel according to one of the preceding claims, wherein The panel comprises at least one reinforcement layer, preferably a non-woven or woven layer, in particular a cloth.

21. The panel according to one of the preceding claims, wherein The cores are provided with a waterproof coating substantially covering the at least one core.

22. The panel according to one of the preceding claims, wherein The top surface of the core is covered by a barrier layer that is substantially impermeable to at least one plasticizer used in the core.

23. The panel according to one of the preceding claims, wherein A waterproof layer is located between the core and the top structure.

24. The panel according to one of the preceding claims, wherein The top structure includes at least one decorative layer and at least one transparent wear-resistant layer covering the decorative layer.

25. The panel according to one of the preceding claims, wherein The first coupling profile comprises: upward tenon; at least one upward flank located at a distance from said upward tongue; an upward groove formed between the upward tongue and the upward flank, wherein the upward groove is adapted to receive at least a portion of a downward tongue of a second coupling profile of an adjacent panel; and at least one first locking element, which is preferably arranged on a side of the upward tongue facing away from the upward flank, and wherein the second coupling profile comprises: First downward tenon; at least one first downward flank located at a distance from said downward tongue; a first downward groove formed between the downward tongue and the downward wing, wherein the downward groove is adapted to receive at least a portion of an upward tongue of a first coupling profile of an adjacent panel; and At least one second locking element, which is adapted to cooperate with a first locking element of an adjacent panel and which is preferably arranged at the downward flank.

26. A panel according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein The panel comprises at least one third coupling profile and at least one fourth coupling profile at a third panel edge and a fourth panel edge, respectively, wherein the third coupling profile comprises: a lateral tongue extending in a direction substantially parallel to an upper side of the core; at least one second downward flank located at a distance from said lateral tongue; and a second downward groove formed between said lateral tongue and said second downward flank, Wherein, the fourth connection profile comprises: a third groove for accommodating at least a part of the lateral tongue of the third coupling profile of an adjacent panel, wherein the third groove is defined by an upper lip and a lower lip, wherein the lower lip is provided with an upward locking element, Wherein, the third connecting profile and the fourth connecting profile are configured so that two of such panels can be connected to each other by a rotational movement, wherein, in the connected state: at least a portion of the lateral tongue of the first panel is inserted into the third groove of the adjacent second panel, and wherein at least a portion of the upward locking element of the second panel is inserted into the second downward groove of the first panel.

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