A rapid support method suitable for steeply sloped inclined shafts

Abstract

This invention discloses a rapid support method applicable to inclined shafts with steep slopes, comprising the following steps: (1) optimization of labor organization and selection of construction machinery and equipment. (2) selection and optimization of construction machinery and equipment for inclined shafts. (3) rational configuration of excavators and dump trucks for rapid construction. (4) optimization calculation method for muck removal time of highway tunnels and inclined shafts under trackless transportation conditions. (5) optimization of construction segment sequencing under multi-working-face conditions. (6) basic steps of construction segment sequencing optimization: first, calculate the basic sequence intervals for each possible sequence; then, list the basic sequence interval matrix table; finally, determine the optimal engineering sequencing mode. (7) optimization of tunnel construction sequencing under multi-working-face conditions. The method of this invention significantly improves the construction efficiency of inclined shafts with steep slopes through optimization of labor and machinery configuration and accurate calculation of muck removal time under trackless transportation conditions, providing a new approach to solving the problem of tunnel construction under complex geological conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of inclined shaft support technology, and in particular to a rapid support method suitable for inclined shafts with large slopes. Background Art

[0002] In terms of construction organization, existing technologies largely rely on experience for personnel and equipment allocation. Slag removal and transportation schemes and multi-face construction arrangements are usually based on traditional methods and lack systematic optimization. While some improvement measures exist in the engineering field to address the characteristics of steep inclined shafts, such as difficulties in slag removal and high requirements for ventilation and smoke extraction, such as using stepped excavation and improving ventilation equipment, these measures often address single problems and lack comprehensive solutions.

[0003] Experience-based construction organization methods are difficult to achieve refined management, which can easily lead to resource waste and construction delays, especially in complex inclined shaft projects with steep slopes and multiple working faces. Existing improvement measures for steep inclined shafts are relatively scattered, lacking systematicity and specificity, and are difficult to effectively solve the comprehensive problems faced in the construction of steep inclined shafts. This is because: (1) Inclined shafts are underground building structures, which are constrained by geological and hydrogeological conditions, resulting in poor construction environment, high difficulty, complex technology, and high requirements. (2) Inclined shaft construction is an underground operation involving multiple processes and trades. The working face is narrow, with a certain slope, and the amount of slag removal and material transportation is large, making drainage difficult and construction interference significant. (3) Most tunnel inclined shafts are located in high mountains and deep valleys, with limited space. Various mechanical equipment is required, and a considerable number of external facilities are needed to ensure construction inside the tunnel. However, the external environment is often restricted by the terrain, making site layout difficult. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention proposes a rapid support method suitable for steep inclined shafts. This method significantly improves the construction efficiency of steep inclined shafts, shortens the construction period, reduces costs, and enhances the refined management level of steep inclined shaft construction by optimizing labor and machinery configuration, accurately calculating the muck removal time under trackless transportation conditions, and rationally sequencing multi-face construction. It also provides a new approach to solving tunnel construction challenges under complex geological conditions. Specifically, this invention provides the following technical solution.

[0005] A rapid support method for inclined shafts with steep slopes includes the following steps:

[0006] (1) Optimization of labor force organization and selection of construction machinery and equipment.

[0007] (2) Selection and optimization of construction tools and equipment for inclined shafts.

[0008] (3) Rational configuration of excavators and dump trucks for rapid construction.

[0009] (4) Optimization calculation method for muck removal time of highway tunnels and inclined shafts under trackless transportation conditions.

[0010] (5) Optimization of construction section sequencing under multiple working face conditions.

[0011] (6) Basic steps for construction section sequencing optimization: First, calculate all possible basic sequence intervals. Then, list the basic sequencing interval matrix table. Finally, determine the optimal engineering sequencing mode.

[0012] (7) Optimization of tunnel construction sequence under multiple working face conditions.

[0013] Furthermore, in step (4), the calculation method is as follows:

[0014] 1. Slag discharge volume per cycle : ,

[0015] In the formula: —Cross-sectional area of ​​the inclined shaft ; —Circular advance, ; — Rock loosening coefficient.

[0016] 2. Loading time for the loading equipment to fill a truck with slag. :

[0017] ;

[0018] In the formula: —Dump truck capacity, ; —Loading equipment hourly capacity .

[0019] 3. The pure travel time of a dump truck for one round trip :

[0020] ;

[0021] In the formula: , —Travel time inside the cave, travel time outside the cave ; , —Distance traveled inside the cave, distance traveled outside the cave ; , —Speed ​​of walking inside the cave, speed of walking outside the cave .

[0022] 4. Total time for a dump truck to unload one load of slag :

[0023] ;

[0024] In the formula: —Dump truck unloading time ;

[0025] 5. The total number of dump truck trips required to clear all the rock debris from a single blast. :

[0026] ;

[0027] 6. The time required to clean up all the rock debris from a single blast using a dump truck. :

[0028] ;

[0029] 7. The time required to complete the work surface cleaning when the total number of dump trucks used in the construction is N. :

[0030] ;

[0031] In the formula: —The total number of dump trucks to be deployed.

[0032] The time to complete the total amount of slag removal, i.e. the time to clean the working face, is related to the total advance of the inclined shaft (the distance X from the inclined shaft opening to the working face) and the total number of vehicles N to be deployed. This can be tabulated, and the slag removal vehicles can be determined based on the table.

[0033] Furthermore, in step (5), the present invention discovers and confirms that the key factor affecting the calculation of the total project duration is the size of the basic sorting interval Z. Based on conceptual analysis, the basic sorting flow step distance of the project is calculated, and the basic sorting interval is calculated at the same time. A basic sorting interval matrix table is established, and then the optimal solution is sought from the matrix table according to the rules for determining the optimal project sorting mode.

[0034] First, we analyze and calculate the basic sequence flow step distance of the project. The concept of basic sequence flow step distance is: due to different construction segment sequences, the waiting time of the next construction segment caused by any construction process passing through any two construction segments in sequence. For construction process j in relation to construction segments i and i+1, the waiting time of construction segment i+1 is equal to the difference between the completion time of construction process j in construction segment i and the possible start time in construction segment i+1. Therefore, the following formula is established:

[0035] (1);

[0036] In the formula: —The flow step distance between two adjacent construction sections i and i+1 caused by construction process j; —The flow step distance between two adjacent construction sections i and i+1 caused by construction process j; 1≤i≤m-1, 1≤j≤n-1, m is the total number of construction sections, and n is the total number of construction processes; —The completion time of construction section i in construction process j, and has

[0037] ;

[0038] The flow rhythm of construction section i; —The earliest possible start time of construction process j on project i+1, and

[0039] ;

[0040] This represents the flow rhythm of construction section i+1.

[0041] Due to the requirements of continuity and maximum overlap in the construction process of organized flow-line construction, the basic sequence flow-line spacing between any two construction segments i and i+1 is... Take the maximum value of the waiting time for construction segment i+1 caused by all construction processes.

[0042] (2).

[0043] Once the basic sorting step distance is determined, the basic sorting interval can be calculated. The basic sorting interval is defined as the sum of the idle time of the next construction segment caused by the sequential passage of any two construction segments during the entire construction process, due to different construction segment sequences. For construction process j in relation to construction segments i and i+1, the idle time of construction segment i+1 is equal to the difference between the start time of construction process j in construction segment i+1 and the completion time in construction segment i. Therefore, the following formula is established:

[0044] (3);

[0045] In the formula: —The interruption of water flow between two adjacent construction sections i and i+1 caused by construction process j; —The start time of construction process j in construction segment i+1, and

[0046] (4);

[0047] Therefore, the basic sorting interval for any two construction segments i and i+1 is: :

[0048] (5);

[0049] After the basic sorting interval is calculated, a basic sorting interval matrix table is established. Then, according to the optimal engineering sorting mode, the optimal solution is sought from the matrix table.

[0050] Furthermore, in step (6), various possible basic sequence intervals are calculated according to the above formulas (2) and (5).

[0051] Furthermore, in step (6), the optimal project sorting pattern is determined according to the following rules:

[0052] ① In the basic sorting interval matrix table, find the relatively small number, record its row number as the first construction segment, record its column number as the second construction segment, then find the relatively small number in the row where the second construction segment number is located, record its column number as the third construction segment, and so on, until the sorting of all construction segments is found.

[0053] ② Calculate the sum of the intervals of the sorted sequences respectively. The sort corresponding to the minimum value is taken as the optimal construction section sorting mode, which is determined by equation (6). The total construction period is determined by equation (7).

[0054] (6);

[0055] (7);

[0056] Furthermore, in step (7), the construction method of increasing the working face by using auxiliary tunnels such as inclined shafts will encounter complex surrounding rock geological conditions. Different working faces may encounter different grades of surrounding rock, and the construction methods for different grades of surrounding rock are also different, resulting in different construction steps and construction times for each working face. Faced with this complex construction situation, it is necessary to use the construction segment sequencing optimization method to obtain a relatively efficient construction sequence, ensuring that the construction is carried out safely, quickly, and orderly.

[0057] Although the construction methods for tunnels with different grades of surrounding rock vary, the general construction sequence is the same: blasting, ventilation and smoke removal, muck removal, initial support, waterproofing membrane, and secondary lining. The difference lies in the time required to complete each step. Therefore, considering this characteristic of identical construction steps but varying construction times, a computational model is established to minimize construction sequence interruptions under multi-face construction conditions. This model utilizes the construction segment sequencing optimization method described earlier to optimize tunnel construction organization. The computational model adheres to the following rules: 1. Tunnel construction involves multiple working faces; 2. Construction on each working face is a continuous flow operation; 3. The construction steps on each working face must be consistent, although the construction time can differ; 4. One cycle of construction on each working face constitutes one computational cycle, and the goal of the calculation is to minimize the sequencing interruptions within a single computational cycle.

[0058] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial technical effects:

[0059] (1) The method of the present invention systematically optimizes the labor organization and machinery configuration in the construction of steep inclined shafts, establishes a scientific labor organization model, clarifies the allocation standards and cooperation mode of personnel for each type of work, and achieves efficient coordination between personnel and machinery by optimizing the selection of construction tools and machinery, thus providing a solid human and equipment guarantee for the rapid support of steep inclined shafts.

[0060] (2) This invention innovatively proposes an optimized calculation method for muck removal time in highway tunnels and inclined shafts under trackless transportation conditions: Based on the characteristics of trackless transportation, this invention establishes an accurate muck removal time calculation model, providing a reliable theoretical basis for the rational allocation of transport vehicles and optimization of the muck removal operation process. This method has been verified in actual engineering projects. Through optimized calculation, the optimal number of muck removal vehicles under specific working conditions can be obtained, ensuring that the blasting residue in the tunnel is transported out within the specified time, thus guaranteeing the smooth progress of subsequent construction.

[0061] (3) This invention successfully constructed a method for “tunnel construction sequencing optimization under multi-face conditions”: This invention proposes an optimized sequencing model for multi-face construction of steep inclined shafts, realizing orderly connection and efficient collaboration between various working faces. This method has been applied in actual engineering projects. Through optimized sequencing, the construction cycle time has been significantly shortened, and process conflicts and resource waste have been effectively avoided.

[0062] (4) The method of this invention significantly improves the construction speed of steep inclined shafts and effectively reduces construction costs. By optimizing labor organization, machinery configuration, slag removal scheme, and construction sequencing, this invention effectively shortens the operation time of each process, reduces waiting and delays between processes, realizes rapid support of steep inclined shafts, and significantly improves construction speed. In practical engineering applications, the construction cycle time is greatly shortened and the construction period is effectively controlled after adopting this invention. At the same time, this invention minimizes manpower, material resources, and time costs by streamlining personnel configuration, improving machinery utilization, and optimizing resource allocation. Scientific labor organization and machinery configuration avoid personnel redundancy and machinery idleness, while efficient slag removal scheme and construction sequencing reduce unnecessary waiting and rework. Practical engineering applications show that adopting this invention can significantly reduce the overall project cost and achieve good economic benefits.

[0063] (5) The method of the present invention enhances the coordination and controllability of the construction process. The optimized sequencing method proposed in this invention makes multi-workface construction more orderly, the connection between each process is closer, and the construction process is more controllable. Through unified scheduling and management of personnel, machinery and materials, the chaos and disorder of the construction site are effectively avoided, and the efficiency and level of construction management are improved.

[0064] (6) The method of the present invention improves the safety and reliability of inclined shaft construction with a large slope. Rapid support is the key to ensuring the safety of inclined shaft construction with a large slope. By achieving rapid support, the present invention effectively controls the deformation of the surrounding rock, reduces the risk of collapse, provides a safer working environment for construction personnel and equipment, and ensures the smooth progress of the project.

[0065] (7) The method of the present invention has promoted the development and progress of the construction technology of inclined shafts with large slopes. The present invention proposes a systematic solution to the difficulties in the construction of inclined shafts with large slopes. It has achieved innovative results in terms of labor organization optimization, trackless transportation and slag removal calculation and multi-face construction sequencing, which has improved the technical level of construction of inclined shafts with large slopes and has positive significance for promoting the technological progress in the field of tunnels and underground engineering.

[0066] In summary, the present invention, "A rapid support method applicable to inclined shafts with large slopes," has achieved significant technical results and has outstanding technical advantages in terms of construction speed, construction cost, coordination, safety, and technological progress. It has broad application prospects and significant economic and social benefits. Detailed Implementation

[0067] It should be noted that the following detailed description is illustrative and intended to provide further explanation of the invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used in this invention have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains.

[0068] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only and is not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments of the present invention. The terms "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" appearing in this invention only indicate that they correspond to the upper, lower, left, and right directions of the drawings themselves, and do not limit the structure. They are merely for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to needs to have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0069] Terminology Explanation: The terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing" in this invention should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection, a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of these terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances. The rapid support method for steeply sloped inclined shafts according to this invention is further described below with reference to specific embodiments. Specifically, the rapid support method includes the following steps:

[0070] (I) Labor organization design for inclined shaft construction: First, how to closely integrate division of labor with cooperation; second, how to ensure the implementation of work organization and division of labor, including:

[0071] 1. Organizational Forms of Construction Teams. Construction teams can be categorized into integrated teams and specialized teams. The choice of form depends on the organizational structure of the work. Integrated teams are more suitable when sequential work is employed; specialized teams are best suited for parallel, overlapping work. For example, in inclined shaft construction, excavation is handled by a specialized excavation team, and concrete lining by a specialized concrete team. This high level of specialization and skilled personnel facilitates skill development and improves labor efficiency.

[0072] 2. Labor allocation should reflect the fact that each worker is working at "full capacity." To fully reflect the fact that workers are working at "full capacity," the following four conditions must be met in the organization of the workforce:

[0073] ① Guaranteeing the minimum working area for each worker: Allocating labor with the minimum working area ensures that each worker's work process does not interfere with others, fully utilizing the efficiency of each worker and improving labor productivity. The number of workers required for construction is determined by guaranteeing the minimum working area for each worker: Number of workers that can be accommodated on the construction work surface = Minimum construction work surface / Minimum working area required per worker. The minimum working area required per worker is determined through actual measurement, depending on the type of work and the tools used. For example, the minimum working area for drilling workers is 5m. 2 / people.

[0074] ② When allocating workers, the ratio of skill levels should be appropriate: A reasonable combination of workers with different skill levels can fully utilize the work efficiency of each individual. The ratio of skill levels should be determined according to the complexity of the engineering technology. For example, fewer workers with higher skill levels should be assigned to concrete work, while more workers with higher skill levels should be assigned to steel reinforcement work. A reasonable and appropriate ratio of skill levels for each type of work shift can avoid workers being assigned to work with skills that are not commensurate with their abilities, which would waste talent and increase labor costs. Alternatively, it could prevent workers with lower skill levels from being assigned to more technical tasks, which would compromise quality and schedule. Therefore, a reasonable ratio of skill levels for each type of work is required to reflect the optimization of labor organization.

[0075] ③ Reasonable staffing ratio among different trades: When determining the number of workers for each trade, it is considered that during tunnel construction, the workload of each trade worker will be "full load," ensuring uninterrupted and continuous construction during working hours. For example, inclined shaft construction is mainly divided into excavation and concrete lining work teams. The staffing of these two teams ensures that their work does not interfere with each other, preventing subsequent processes from stopping due to the previous process not creating a working face. Therefore, when allocating the number of workers for the excavation team, the normal operation of the lining team is taken into account. When allocating the number of workers for the lining team, it is considered that once the working face is formed, lining work can begin immediately, enabling uninterrupted and continuous construction during working hours and avoiding the phenomenon of uncoordinated work between trades causing subsequent processes to stop.

[0076] ④ The number of personnel in the construction team and work group should meet the minimum requirements for the operation of the construction process: The organization of workers should take into account the minimum number of personnel required for the operation of the construction process, in order to ensure the requirements of quality and schedule. The excavation process in tunnel construction mainly includes pneumatic drill operators, blasters, and initial support. For example, the initial support should be equipped with at least mechanical operators, material loading personnel, sprayers, and material transport personnel. All of these personnel must be present for normal operation. This is a process requirement.

[0077] The optimization method described in this embodiment effectively solves the problems in the prior art where suboptimal labor organization and machinery configuration lead to personnel redundancy or shortage, low machinery operation efficiency, and consequently affect construction progress. This innovation, through establishing a scientific labor organization model and optimizing machinery configuration, achieves a scientific and efficient allocation of personnel and machinery, ensuring the orderly progress of the construction process and providing manpower and equipment guarantees for the rapid support of steep inclined shafts.

[0078] (ii) Selection and optimization of construction machinery and equipment for inclined shafts, wherein: commonly used equipment for inclined shaft construction includes excavation machinery and equipment, lining machinery and equipment, auxiliary machinery and equipment and tools, etc.

[0079] 1. The excavation machinery and equipment include excavating machinery, slag loading equipment, and transportation equipment. When drilling rigs are used for drilling, the selection of slag loading equipment must meet the slag discharge capacity of the drilling rig during drilling and blasting, so that the drilling rig can fully utilize its production capacity. Generally, large-scale slag loading equipment is selected. The transportation equipment must also meet the production capacity of the slag discharge equipment.

[0080] 2. Optimization of the Lining Machinery and Equipment. The speed of concrete lining construction is limited by the time required for the installation and removal of the concrete lining formwork. To accelerate concrete construction, lining trolleys are generally selected. To fully utilize the capacity of the lining trolleys, the speed of concrete supply, lifting, and compaction must be accelerated. When using trolleys for lining concrete construction, it is best to use concrete pumps for lifting, concrete trucks for transportation, and a concrete batching plant for supplying concrete. We call this configuration and optimization of machinery and equipment a "one-stop" mechanized operation for lining concrete, which has high production efficiency, fast construction progress, and good quality. However, the number of concrete pumps and concrete trucks selected during the optimization process needs to be determined based on the production capacity of the concrete batching plant.

[0081] 3. Optimization of local auxiliary machinery and equipment. Auxiliary machinery, equipment, and equipment mainly include air compressors, water pumps, transformers, lathes, charging equipment, ventilation ducts, and other machinery and equipment required for construction ancillary facilities. Configuration and optimization are primarily based on the requirements of the construction schedule and the requirements of tunneling equipment, muck loading equipment, muck transportation equipment, and lining equipment.

[0082] 4. Only when various types of machinery are matched on each work line of the inclined shaft construction can production capacity be formed and the construction progress of each work line be promoted.

[0083] 5. Matching and matching of mechanical equipment between different work lines. For example, the excavation and lining equipment must be matched to form new production capacity for the construction of inclined shafts.

[0084] 6. Make a decision based on an economic comparison between purchasing and leasing machinery and equipment locally. If the inclined shaft construction period is short and the rock conditions are good, consider leasing locally. If the inclined shaft construction period is long, consider purchasing. The purpose of selecting and optimizing inclined shaft construction equipment is to ensure that all machinery and equipment deployed can operate at full capacity, fully utilize the production efficiency of each piece of machinery and equipment, and reduce the cost of inclined shaft construction.

[0085] (III) Rational Configuration of Excavators and Dump Trucks for Rapid Construction: In mechanized construction, the rationality of the selection and combination of construction machinery directly affects construction progress, quality, and cost. It is key to completing construction tasks with high quality, high output, and low consumption, and to fully utilizing the efficiency of machinery. Mechanized construction typically involves the joint operation of multiple machines. Rational combination and matching are essential to maximizing the efficiency of each machine. This involves not only the selection of machine types but also the choice of machine models and specifications. Under the premise of meeting construction production requirements, different types of machinery construction schemes should be analyzed and compared from an economic perspective. During excavator operation, excavators are usually coordinated with dump trucks to form a working group system. The rational selection of excavators and the rational configuration with dump trucks have a significant impact on the system's productivity and the project's benefits. Specifically:

[0086] 1. Rational Selection of Excavators: The bucket capacity and number of excavators should be adapted to the project volume and schedule; the excavator's structural type should be adapted to soil conditions and project characteristics; and it should offer a high performance-price ratio, operational reliability, and driving comfort. The selection of excavator bucket capacity primarily depends on the size of the project and the project schedule requirements. Choosing an appropriate bucket capacity for different project volumes will significantly reduce construction costs. Larger project volumes require larger bucket capacities to reduce unit construction costs.

[0087] 2. Rational Configuration of Dump Trucks: When the excavated soil needs to be transported by vehicles, the excavator's productivity depends not only on its own technical performance, but also on the rational configuration of the excavator and dump trucks. This is a fundamental factor determining construction productivity and economic benefits. In this case, the load capacity and number of dump trucks should meet the requirements of excavator productivity and project haulage distance.

[0088] 3. Dump Truck Load Capacity Selection: To ensure the excavator fully utilizes its production capacity, the dump truck's load capacity should be selected accordingly. Q A certain ratio should be maintained between the excavator's bucket capacity and the weight of each bucket of soil, and a sufficient number of vehicles should be available to ensure continuous operation of the excavator. From the excavator's perspective, the larger the truck's load capacity, the better, as it can reduce the time spent waiting for the vehicle to turn around. Relevant experimental studies have shown that the basic requirement for a reasonable configuration of excavator bucket capacity and load capacity is: an excavator with a bucket capacity of 1~2.5m³ should be paired with a dump truck with a load capacity of 10~25t.

[0089] (iv) Optimization calculation method for muck removal time in highway tunnels and inclined shafts under trackless transportation conditions: The number of dump trucks directly affects the construction efficiency of the muck removal process. A small number requires more cycles for muck removal, while a large number may lead to idle work. Therefore, the number of muck removal vehicles needs to be determined by calculation. The specific calculation formula is as follows:

[0090] 1. Slag discharge volume per cycle : In the formula: —Cross-sectional area of ​​the inclined shaft ; —Circular advance, ; — Rock loosening coefficient.

[0091] 2. Loading time for the loading equipment to fill a truck with slag. The following formula is used for calculation:

[0092] ;

[0093] In the formula: —Dump truck capacity, ; —Loading equipment hourly capacity .

[0094] 3. The pure travel time of a dump truck for one round trip The following formula is used for calculation:

[0095] ;

[0096] In the formula: , —Travel time inside the cave, travel time outside the cave ; , —Distance traveled inside the cave, distance traveled outside the cave ; , —Speed ​​of walking inside the cave, speed of walking outside the cave .

[0097] 4. Total time for a dump truck to unload one load of slag The following formula is used for calculation:

[0098] ;

[0099] In the formula: —Dump truck unloading time ;

[0100] 5. The total number of dump truck trips required to clear all the rock debris from a single blast. The following formula is used for calculation:

[0101] ;

[0102] 6. The time required to clean up all the rock debris from a single blast using a dump truck. The following formula is used for calculation:

[0103] ;

[0104] 7. The time required to complete the work surface cleaning when the total number of dump trucks used in the construction is N. The following formula is used for calculation:

[0105] ;

[0106] In the formula: —The total number of dump trucks to be deployed.

[0107] The time to complete the removal of all slag, i.e. the time to clean the working face. T The total advance of the inclined shaft (distance X from the shaft opening to the working face) and the total number of vehicles to be deployed. N The relevant information can be compiled into a table, and the slag removal vehicles can be determined based on the table.

[0108] The "Optimized Calculation Method for Muck Discharge Time in Highway Tunnels and Inclined Shafts under Trackless Transportation Conditions" in this embodiment effectively solves the problem that existing technologies lack optimized calculation methods for muck discharge time under trackless transportation conditions, making it difficult to guide vehicle configuration in actual construction. This innovation establishes a precise muck discharge time calculation model tailored to the characteristics of trackless transportation and proposes a reasonable vehicle configuration method, making muck discharge vehicle configuration more rational, improving muck discharge efficiency, and avoiding construction delays caused by poor muck discharge.

[0109] (I) Basic Principles of Construction Section Sequencing Optimization

[0110] This embodiment starts from the basic principles of flow-line construction. After in-depth research on the project sequencing problem, it was found and confirmed that the key factor affecting the calculated total project duration is the size of the basic sequencing interval Z. Based on conceptual analysis, the basic sequencing flow-line distance of the project is calculated, and the basic sequencing interval is also calculated. A basic sequencing interval matrix table is established, and then the optimal solution is sought from the matrix table according to the rules of the optimal project sequencing mode.

[0111] First, we analyze and calculate the basic sequence flow step distance of the project. The concept of basic sequence flow step distance is: due to different construction segment sequences, the waiting time of the next construction segment caused by any construction process passing through any two construction segments in sequence. For construction process j in relation to construction segments i and i+1, the waiting time of construction segment i+1 is equal to the difference between the completion time of construction process j in construction segment i and the possible start time in construction segment i+1. Therefore, the following formula is established:

[0112] (1).

[0113] In the formula: —The flow step distance between two adjacent construction sections i and i+1 caused by construction process j; —The flow step distance between two adjacent construction sections i and i+1 caused by construction process j; 1≤i≤m-1, 1≤j≤n-1, m is the total number of construction sections, and n is the total number of construction processes; —The completion time of construction section i in construction process j, and has

[0114] ;

[0115] In the formula, The flow rhythm of construction section i; —The earliest possible start time of construction process j on project i+1, and

[0116] ;

[0117] In the formula, This represents the flow rhythm of construction section i+1.

[0118] Due to the requirements of continuity and maximum overlap in the construction process of organized flow-line construction, the basic sequence flow-line spacing between any two construction segments i and i+1 is... Take the maximum value of the waiting time for construction segment i+1 caused by all construction processes. That is:

[0119] (2);

[0120] In the formula: the flow step distance between two adjacent construction sections i and i+1 during the construction process; other symbols are the same as before.

[0121] Once the basic sorting step distance is determined, the basic sorting interval can be calculated. According to the concept of the basic sorting interval: due to different construction segment sequences, the sum of the idle time of the next construction segment caused by the entire construction process passing through any two construction segments sequentially. For construction process j in relation to construction segments i and i+1, the idle time of construction segment i+1 is equal to the difference between the start time of construction process j in construction segment i+1 and the completion time in construction segment i. Therefore, the following formula is established:

[0122] (3);

[0123] In the formula: —The interruption of water flow between two adjacent construction sections i and i+1 caused by construction process j; —The start time of construction process j in construction segment i+1, and

[0124] (4);

[0125] Therefore, the basic sorting interval for any two construction segments i and i+1 is: :

[0126] (5).

[0127] After the basic sorting interval is calculated, a basic sorting interval matrix table is established. Then, the optimal engineering sorting pattern is determined according to the rules, and the optimal solution is sought from the matrix table.

[0128] (II) Basic Steps for Optimizing the Sequence of Construction Sections

[0129] 1. Calculate the various possible basic sequence intervals according to formulas (2) and (5).

[0130] 2. List the basic sorting interval matrix table.

[0131] 3. Determine the optimal project sorting pattern according to the following rules:

[0132] ① In the basic sorting interval matrix table, find the relatively small number (there may be more than one), record its row number as the first construction segment, record its column number as the second construction segment, then find the relatively small number (there may be more than one) in the row where the second construction segment number is located, record its column number as the third construction segment, and so on, until the sorting of all construction segments is found.

[0133] ② Calculate the sum of the intervals of the sorted sequences respectively. The sort corresponding to the minimum value is the optimal construction section sorting mode, which can be determined by equation (6). The total construction period can be determined by equation (7).

[0134] (6);

[0135] (7).

[0136] III. Optimization of Tunnel Construction Sequencing under Multi-Workface Conditions

[0137] Construction methods that utilize auxiliary tunnels such as inclined shafts to increase working faces encounter complex surrounding rock geological conditions. Different working faces may encounter different grades of surrounding rock, and the construction methods for different grades of surrounding rock also differ, resulting in variations in construction steps and time for each working face. To address this complex situation, it is necessary to optimize the construction sequence using methods that prioritize construction sections, thereby obtaining a relatively efficient construction sequence to ensure safe, rapid, and orderly construction.

[0138] Although the construction methods for tunnels with different grades of surrounding rock vary, the general construction sequence is the same: blasting, ventilation, smoke removal, muck removal, initial support, waterproofing membrane, and secondary lining. The difference lies in the time required to complete each step. Therefore, considering this characteristic of identical construction steps but varying construction times, and to minimize construction sequence interruptions under multi-face construction conditions, a computational model is established. This model utilizes the construction segment sequencing optimization method described earlier to optimize tunnel construction organization. The computational model adheres to the following rules:

[0139] 1. Tunnel construction involves multiple working faces;

[0140] 2. Construction at each work site will be carried out in a continuous flow manner;

[0141] 3. The construction procedures for each work surface must be consistent, although the construction time may differ;

[0142] 4. Each construction cycle on each working face constitutes one calculation cycle. The purpose of the calculation is to minimize the sorting interval within a calculation cycle.

[0143] The above-described method for "tunnel construction sequencing optimization under multi-face conditions" in this embodiment solves the problem that existing technologies lack optimization sequencing methods for multi-face construction, leading to poor coordination between workfaces and easy occurrence of process conflicts and resource waste. This innovation, by establishing an optimization sequencing model, clarifies the construction sequence and connection relationships of each workface, achieving orderly connection and efficient collaboration in multi-face construction, effectively avoiding process conflicts and resource waste, and improving construction efficiency and management level.

[0144] Finally, it should be noted that any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of this invention should be included within the scope of protection of this invention. Although specific embodiments of this invention have been described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, this is not intended to limit the scope of protection of this invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications or variations that can be made by those skilled in the art without creative effort based on the technical solutions of this invention are still within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A rapid support method suitable for inclined shafts with steep slopes, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Optimization of labor force organization and selection of construction machinery and equipment; (2) Selection and optimization of construction tools and equipment for inclined shafts; (3) Rational configuration of excavators and dump trucks for rapid construction; (4) Optimization calculation method for muck removal time in highway tunnels and inclined shafts under trackless transportation conditions; (5) Optimization of construction section sequencing under multi-working-face conditions; (6) Steps for optimizing the construction section sequence: First, calculate all possible basic sequence intervals; then list the basic sequence interval matrix table; finally, determine the optimal project sequence mode. (7) Optimization of tunnel construction sequencing under multi-face conditions; In step (4), the calculation method is as follows: (4.1) Slag discharge rate in one cycle Q : , In the formula: —Cross-sectional area of ​​the inclined shaft ; —Circular advance, ; —Rock loosening coefficient; (4.2) Loading time for loading equipment to fill a truck with slag : ； In the formula: —Dump truck capacity, ; —Loading equipment hourly capacity ; (4.3) The pure travel time of a dump truck for one round trip : ； In the formula: , —Travel time inside the cave, travel time outside the cave ; , —Distance traveled inside the cave, distance traveled outside the cave ; , —Speed ​​of walking inside the cave, speed of walking outside the cave ; (4.4) Total time for a dump truck to unload one load of slag : ； In the formula: —Dump truck unloading time ; (4.5) The total number of dump truck trips required to clear all the rock debris from a single blast. : ； (4.6) The time required to clean up all the rock debris from a blast using a dump truck : ； (4.7) The total number of dump trucks put into construction is N Time required to complete cleaning of the work surface : ； In the formula: —The total number of dump trucks to be deployed; The time to complete the removal of all slag, i.e. the time to clean the working face. T The total advance of the inclined shaft and the total number of vehicles to be deployed N The relevant information is compiled into a table, and the slag removal vehicles are determined based on the table. In step (5), the basic sorting flow step distance of the project is calculated, the basic sorting interval is calculated, the basic sorting interval matrix table is established, and the optimal solution is sought from the matrix table according to the rule of the optimal project sorting mode. First, we analyze and calculate the basic sequence flow step distance of the project. The concept of the basic sequence flow step distance is: due to the different sequence of construction sections, the waiting time of the next construction section caused by any construction process passing through any two construction sections in sequence; for construction process j in relation to construction sections i and i+1, the waiting time of construction section i+1 is equal to the difference between the completion time of construction process j in construction section i and the start time in construction section i+1, and the following formula is established: （1）； In the formula: —The flow step distance between two adjacent construction sections i and i+1 caused by construction process j; —The flow step distance between two adjacent construction sections i and i+1 caused by construction process j; 1≤i≤m-1, 1≤j≤n-1, m is the total number of construction sections, and n is the total number of construction processes; —The completion time of construction section i in construction process j, and has ； The flow rhythm of construction section i; —The earliest possible start time of construction process j on project i+1, and ； The flow rhythm for construction section i+1; Due to the requirements of continuity and maximum overlap in the construction process of organized flow-line construction, the basic sequence flow-line spacing between any two construction segments i and i+1 is... Take the maximum value of the waiting time of construction segment i+1 caused by all construction processes; that is... （2）。 2. The rapid support method for inclined shafts with steep slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that, After determining the basic sorting step distance, the basic sorting interval is obtained. Due to the different sorting of construction segments, the total idle time of the next construction segment caused by the entire construction process passing through any two construction segments in sequence is considered. For construction process j in relation to construction segments i and i+1, the idle time of construction segment i+1 is equal to the difference between the start time of construction process j in construction segment i+1 and the completion time in construction segment i. Therefore, the following formula is established: （3）； In the formula: —The interruption of water flow between two adjacent construction sections i and i+1 caused by construction process j; —The start time of construction process j in construction segment i+1, and （4）； Therefore, the basic sorting interval for any two construction segments i and i+1 is: : （5）； After the basic sorting interval is calculated, a basic sorting interval matrix table is established. Then, according to the optimal engineering sorting mode, the optimal solution is sought from the matrix table.

3. The rapid support method for inclined shafts with steep slopes according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step (6), various possible basic sequence intervals are calculated according to the above formulas (2) and (5).

4. The rapid support method for inclined shafts with steep slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (6), the optimal project sorting pattern is determined according to the following rules: ① Find the relatively small number in the basic sorting interval matrix table, record its row number as the first construction segment, record its column number as the second construction segment, then find the relatively small number in the row where the second construction segment number is located, record its column number as the third construction segment, and so on, until the sorting of all construction segments is found; ② Calculate the sum of the intervals of the sortings found, and the sorting corresponding to the minimum value is taken as the optimal construction section sorting mode, which is determined by equation (6). The total construction period is determined by equation (7). （6）； （7）。 5. The rapid support method for inclined shafts with steep slopes according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, In step (7), in order to minimize the construction sequence intervals caused by the same construction procedures but different construction times, a calculation model is established for the construction characteristics of the tunnel construction, and the tunnel construction organization is optimized by using the construction segment sequence optimization method mentioned above.

6. The rapid support method for inclined shafts with steep slopes according to claim 5, characterized in that, The computational model follows these rules:

1. Tunnel construction involves multiple working faces; 2. Construction on each work surface is a continuous process; 3. The construction procedures on each work surface must be consistent, but the construction time may differ; 4. One construction cycle on each work surface constitutes one calculation cycle, and the purpose of the calculation is to minimize the sorting interval within one calculation cycle.

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