Tunnel construction safety early warning device and early warning method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel construction, and particularly relates to a tunnel construction safety early warning device and early warning method.The tunnel construction safety early warning device comprises a cross rod, a pair of supporting rods are arranged at the bottom end of the cross rod, butt joints are fixedly connected to the bottom ends of the supporting rods, and a pair of rectangular grooves are symmetrically formed in the top end of the cross rod based on the center; a supporting frame is inserted into the pair of rectangular grooves, and the supporting frame comprises a vertical part and a horizontal part; according to the tunnel construction safety early warning device and early warning method, during use, the cross rod is supported below a tunnel vault and is matched with the monitoring plate and the first pressure sensor, and the first pressure sensor transmits pressure data to an external computer through an electric signal; setting an early warning system through the computer; when the pressure value of the first pressure sensor is increased, automatic early warning is carried out; tunnel vault sinking is judged, and specific sinking parameters are calculated according to numerical values; the monitoring process is simple, and real-time monitoring is realized; and the monitoring effect is good.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel construction, in particular to a tunnel construction safety early warning device and an early warning method. Background Art

[0002] Tunnel monitoring is an essential construction procedure in the tunnel construction process. It is used to monitor the surrounding rock and support status of each construction stage of the tunnel to ensure construction safety. By monitoring and evaluating the stability of the surrounding rock support system, it can also provide a basis for adjusting the initial support and secondary lining design parameters, and determine the construction time of the secondary lining and invert, so as to ensure construction and structural safety, guide the construction sequence, and facilitate construction management.

[0003] For example, during the tunnel construction process, it is necessary to monitor the tunnel vault, specifically to monitor whether the tunnel vault sinks during the construction process; currently, the monitoring of the tunnel vault is carried out through a precision level. Specifically, during the monitoring process, the staff is required to record the readings of the precision level at regular intervals and then calculate the average value. The whole process is relatively cumbersome and the monitoring effect is poor.

[0004] To this end, the present invention provides a tunnel construction safety early warning device and early warning method. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to make up for the deficiencies of the prior art, at least one technical problem raised in the background technology is solved.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problem is: a tunnel construction safety warning device described in the present invention comprises a cross bar, a pair of support rods are arranged at the bottom end of the cross bar, a butt joint is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the support rod, a pair of rectangular grooves are opened at the top end of the cross bar based on central symmetry, a support frame is inserted into the inside of the pair of rectangular grooves, and the support frame comprises a vertical part and a horizontal part; a connecting spring is arranged between the end of the vertical part of the support frame located in the rectangular groove and the inner wall of the rectangular groove; a support block is arranged at the top end of the horizontal part of the support frame, and a monitoring board is arranged at the top end of the support block;

[0007] A first pressure sensor is arranged at the top end of the crossbar and below the horizontal portion of the support frame, and a pressure-receiving end of the first pressure sensor is aligned with the horizontal portion of the support frame.

[0008] Preferably, a sliding through hole is opened at the end of the monitoring plate, a sliding block is slidably connected inside the sliding through hole, a pair of fixing frames are arranged at both ends of the sliding through hole, a second pressure sensor is arranged on the side of the fixing frame, and the pressure-bearing end of the second pressure sensor contacts the end of the sliding block.

[0009] Preferably, a pair of brake assemblies are provided at both ends of the crossbar, and the brake assemblies are used to press and support the inner walls on both sides of the tunnel.

[0010] Preferably, the brake assembly includes a first hydraulic cylinder; a pair of first mounting grooves are provided at both ends of the cross bar, and the first hydraulic cylinder is installed inside the first mounting grooves; a receiving frame is provided at the end of the output end of the first hydraulic cylinder, a rotating roller is rotatably connected to the side of the receiving frame, and a vent hole is provided at the end of the rotating roller; a plurality of first air holes connected to the air holes are provided on the roller surface of the rotating roller, and a vacuum suction cup is provided at the opening of the first air hole;

[0011] A plugging tube is inserted into the vent hole, a plurality of second pores are formed on the surface of the plugging tube, a toothed ring is sleeved on one end of the plugging tube outside the vent hole, a driving rack is meshedly connected to the side of the toothed ring, a second hydraulic cylinder is provided on the surface of the receiving frame, a connecting piece is provided between the output end of the second hydraulic cylinder and the driving rack; initially, the first pore is connected to the second pore;

[0012] One end of the blocking tube located outside the vent hole is connected to a gas extraction component.

[0013] Preferably, the air extraction component comprises an air pump mounted on the surface of the crossbar, the air pump input end is connected to an air guide pipe, the end of the air guide pipe away from the air pump is connected to an air extraction head, and the air extraction head is sealed and connected to the blocking pipe;

[0014] A motor is installed on the side of the receiving frame, and the output end of the motor is connected to the end of the rotating roller.

[0015] Preferably, a plurality of second installation grooves are provided at both ends of the cross bar; a third hydraulic cylinder is installed inside the second installation groove, and a plug-in rod is provided at the output end of the third hydraulic cylinder.

[0016] Preferably, a flexible gasket is sleeved on the end of the plug-in rod away from the third hydraulic cylinder, a pair of positioning plates are arranged on the surface of the plug-in rod, and a buffer spring is arranged between the positioning plates and the flexible gasket.

[0017] Preferably, an annular groove is provided at the top end of the cross bar and below the horizontal portion of the support frame, an isolating cylinder is inserted into the annular groove, and the top end of the isolating cylinder is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the horizontal portion of the support frame.

[0018] A tunnel construction safety early warning method comprises the following steps:

[0019] S1. When in use, the staff installs the docking head to the output end of the lifter on the ground;

[0020] S2, then the support rod is driven upward by the lifter, the support rod drives the cross bar to move upward, and the cross bar drives the monitoring board to move upward through the support frame and the support block;

[0021] S3, then the support frame stops when the horizontal part squeezes the pressure-receiving end of the first pressure sensor, and the first pressure sensor transmits the pressure data to an external computer through an electrical signal;

[0022] S4, then adjusting the height of the crossbar so that the pressure value of the first pressure sensor is stable, and then setting the early warning system through the computer;

[0023] S5. When the pressure value of the first pressure sensor increases, an automatic warning is issued to determine whether the tunnel vault is sinking.

[0024] Preferably, the cross bar needs to remain horizontal when moving upward, and the distances between the two ends of the cross bar and the inner walls on both sides of the tunnel are the same.

[0025] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0026] 1. The tunnel construction safety early warning device and early warning method described in the present invention are provided with a cross bar. When in use, the cross bar is supported under the tunnel vault, and cooperates with a monitoring board and a first pressure sensor. The first pressure sensor transmits pressure data to an external computer through an electrical signal; then the height of the cross bar is adjusted to stabilize the pressure value of the first pressure sensor, and then the early warning system is set by the computer; when the pressure value of the first pressure sensor increases, an automatic early warning is issued; it is determined that the tunnel vault has sunk, and the specific parameters of the sinking are calculated according to the value; the monitoring process is simple, and real-time monitoring is achieved; the monitoring effect is good.

[0027] 2. A tunnel construction safety warning device and warning method described in the present invention, by setting an isolation cylinder, when the horizontal part of the support frame moves downward relative to the cross bar, the horizontal part of the support frame can carry the isolation cylinder to move synchronously, and the first pressure sensor is squeezed by the top wall of the isolation cylinder. The isolation cylinder cooperates with the annular groove and the cross bar to seal the first pressure sensor, thereby preventing soil on the tunnel arch from directly falling to the pressure-bearing end of the first pressure sensor and affecting the monitoring accuracy. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0029] Figure 1 is a stereogram of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the position of the first pressure sensor of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a crossbar of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the support frame connection structure of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 5 is a side schematic diagram of the monitoring panel of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the structure on the monitoring board of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the structure on the receiving frame of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the gear ring connection structure of the present invention;

[0037] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the plugging tube connection structure of the present invention;

[0038] Fig.10 is a schematic diagram of a rotating roller of the present invention;

[0039] Fig.11 It is a schematic diagram of the splice rod connection structure of the present invention;

[0040] Fig.12 It is a schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0041] In the figure: 1, cross bar; 100, first mounting groove; 101, second mounting groove; 11, support rod; 12, docking joint; 13, rectangular groove; 14, support frame; 15, support block; 16, monitoring plate; 161, sliding through hole; 162, sliding block; 163, fixing frame; 164, second pressure sensor; 17, first pressure sensor; 2, brake assembly; 21, first hydraulic cylinder; 22, receiving frame; 23, rotating roller ; 231, first air hole; 24, vacuum suction cup; 25, sealing tube; 251, second air hole; 252, gear ring; 253, driving rack; 254, second hydraulic cylinder; 255, connecting piece; 26, vacuum head; 261, air guide tube; 262, air pump; 3, motor; 4, third hydraulic cylinder; 41, plug-in rod; 42, flexible gasket; 43, positioning plate; 44, buffer spring; 5, annular groove; 51, isolation cylinder. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] In order to make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects achieved by the present invention easy to understand, the present invention is further explained below in conjunction with specific implementation methods.

[0043] like Figures 1 to 4As shown, a tunnel construction safety warning device according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises a cross bar 1, a pair of support rods 11 are arranged at the bottom end of the cross bar 1, a butt joint 12 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the support rod 11, a pair of rectangular grooves 13 are symmetrically provided at the top end of the cross bar 1 based on the center, a support frame 14 is inserted into the inside of the pair of rectangular grooves 13, and the support frame 14 comprises a vertical part and a horizontal part; a connecting spring is arranged between the end of the vertical part of the support frame 14 located in the rectangular groove 13 and the inner wall of the rectangular groove 13; a support block 15 is arranged at the top end of the horizontal part of the support frame 14, and a monitoring board 16 is arranged at the top end of the support block 15;

[0044] A first pressure sensor 17 is provided at the top of the crossbar 1 and below the horizontal portion of the support frame 14, and the pressure-receiving end of the first pressure sensor 17 is aligned with the horizontal portion of the support frame 14;

[0045] During the tunnel construction process, it is necessary to monitor whether the tunnel vault has sunk. Currently, the monitoring of the tunnel vault is carried out through a precision level. Specifically, during the monitoring process, the staff needs to record the readings of the precision level at regular intervals and then calculate the average value. The whole process is relatively cumbersome and the monitoring effect is poor. In order to solve the above problems, the embodiment of the present invention is provided with structures such as a cross bar 1, a first pressure sensor 17, and a monitoring board 16. The specific use process is as follows. When in use, the staff installs the docking joint 12 to the output end of the lifter on the ground, and then drives the support rod 11 to move upward through the lifter, and the support rod 11 drives the cross bar 1 to move upward, and the cross bar 1 drives the monitoring board 1 through the support frame 14 and the support block 15. 6 moves upward, and when the top of the monitoring plate 16 contacts the vault in the tunnel, the monitoring plate 16 drives the support frame 14 to move downward relative to the cross bar 1, compressing the connecting spring in the rectangular groove 13; then the support frame 14 stops when the horizontal part squeezes the pressure end of the first pressure sensor 17, and the first pressure sensor 17 transmits the pressure data to the external computer through an electrical signal; then the height of the cross bar 1 is adjusted to make the pressure value of the first pressure sensor 17 stable, and then the early warning system is set through the computer; when the pressure value of the first pressure sensor 17 increases, an automatic early warning is issued; it is judged that the tunnel vault has sunk, and the specific parameters of the sinking are calculated according to the value; the monitoring process is simple, and real-time monitoring is realized; the monitoring effect is good.

[0046] like Figures 5 and 6As shown, a sliding through hole 161 is provided at the end of the monitoring plate 16, and a sliding block 162 is slidably connected inside the sliding through hole 161. A pair of fixing frames 163 are provided at both ends of the sliding through hole 161, and a second pressure sensor 164 is provided on the side of the fixing frame 163. The pressure-bearing end of the second pressure sensor 164 contacts the end of the sliding block 162. When the monitoring plate 16 is pressed against the vault in the tunnel, when the monitoring plate 16 is tilted, the detection effect is poor. Therefore, a second pressure sensor 164 is provided. When in use, the second pressure sensor 164 is The electrical signal transmits the pressure value to an external computer. When the monitoring board 16 tilts, the sliding through hole 161 tilts synchronously; the sliding block 162 in the sliding through hole 161 tilts synchronously. When the sliding block 162 tilts, it slides under the action of the gravity component, and squeezes the pressure end of the second pressure sensor 164 on the fixed frame 163. When the staff receives the pressure value of the second pressure sensor 164, it can be determined that the monitoring board 16 is tilted, and then adjustments are made until the second pressure sensor 164 is no longer under pressure, thereby ensuring the overall monitoring effect.

[0047] like Figures 2 to 11 As shown, a pair of brake assemblies 2 are provided at both ends of the cross bar 1, and the brake assemblies 2 are used to press and support the inner walls on both sides of the tunnel; when in use, the staff can support the inner walls on both sides of the tunnel through the brake assemblies 2 at both ends of the cross bar 2 after determining the height of the cross bar 1, thereby fixing the cross bar 1; thereafter, the support for the joint 12 can be withdrawn to avoid continuous support by the lifter to affect the movement of vehicles or other equipment in the tunnel.

[0048] The brake assembly 2 includes a first hydraulic cylinder 21; a pair of first mounting grooves 100 are provided at both ends of the crossbar 1, and the first hydraulic cylinder 21 is installed inside the first mounting grooves 100; a receiving frame 22 is provided at the end of the output end of the first hydraulic cylinder 21, a rotating roller 23 is rotatably connected to the side of the receiving frame 22, and a vent hole is provided at the end of the rotating roller 23; a plurality of first air holes 231 connected to the air holes are provided on the roller surface of the rotating roller 23, and a vacuum suction cup 24 is provided at the opening of the first air hole 231;

[0049] A plugging tube 25 is inserted into the vent hole, and a plurality of second pores 251 are formed on the surface of the plugging tube 25. A toothed ring 252 is sleeved on one end of the plugging tube 25 located outside the vent hole, and a driving rack 253 is meshedly connected to the side of the toothed ring 252. A second hydraulic cylinder 254 is provided on the surface of the receiving frame 22, and a connecting piece 255 is provided between the output end of the second hydraulic cylinder 254 and the driving rack 253. Initially, the first pore 231 is connected to the second pore 251.

[0050] One end of the blocking tube 25 outside the vent hole is connected to a suction assembly;

[0051] When the brake assembly 2 is in use, the first hydraulic cylinder 21 is started, and the first hydraulic cylinder 21 drives the receiving frame 22 to move toward the inner wall of the side of the tunnel, and stops when the rotating roller 23 contacts the inner wall of the tunnel. At this time, the opening of the vacuum suction cup 24 on the rotating roller 23 is blocked by the inner wall of the tunnel; then the second hydraulic cylinder 254 is started, and the second hydraulic cylinder 254 drives the driving rack 253 to move upward through the connecting piece 255. When the driving rack 253 moves, it drives the gear ring 252 meshing with it to rotate, and the gear ring 252 drives the blocking tube 25 to rotate in the vent hole in the rotating roller 23, so that the second air hole 251 and the first air hole 23 are connected. 1 is staggered, so that the first air hole 231 is connected with the vent hole; then the exhaust component is started, the exhaust component exhausts air from the blocking tube 25, and the blocking tube 25 exhausts air from the vacuum suction cup 24 through the second air hole 251, the vent hole and the first air hole 231, and at the same time, the blocking tube 25 is controlled to rotate so that the first air hole 231 and the second air hole 251 are staggered, and the blocking tube 25 blocks the first air hole 231, so that the vacuum suction cup 24 in contact with the inner wall of the tunnel is adsorbed to the inner wall of the tunnel; then the cross bar 1 is fixed by the receiving frame 22 and the first hydraulic cylinder 21; then the support of the lower lifter can be removed to avoid affecting the construction in the tunnel.

[0052] The air extraction component includes an air pump 262 installed on the surface of the crossbar 1. The input end of the air pump 262 is connected to an air guide pipe 261. The end of the air guide pipe 261 away from the air pump 262 is connected to an air extraction head 26. The air extraction head 26 is sealed and connected to the blocking pipe 25.

[0053] A motor 3 is installed on the side of the receiving frame 22, and the output end of the motor 3 is connected to the end of the rotating roller 23; when the vacuum assembly is in use, the air pump 262 is started, and the air pump 262 exhausts air from the blocking tube 25 through the air guide pipe 261 and the vacuum head 26; after the height of the crossbar 1 is fixed, when the staff finds that the height needs to be fine-tuned, the motor 3 is started, and the staff controls the output torque of the motor 3 to rotate the rotating roller 23 relative to the inner wall of the tunnel. At this time, the vacuum suction cup 24 is pulled and deformed, but it will continue to be adsorbed on the inner wall of the tunnel. At this time, the height of the crossbar 1 is adjusted due to the rotation of the rotating roller 23; because it is used for fine-tuning the crossbar 1, the vacuum suction cup 24 will not be excessively deformed and damaged or excessively pulled to release the adsorption; it should be pointed out that the inner wall of the tunnel has been initially supported and concrete coated at this time; The inner wall of the tunnel is a concrete surface, which can be used for the adsorption of the vacuum suction cup 24; when removing the cross bar 1, the air pump 262 is controlled to continuously evacuate the blocking tube 25; the blocking tube 25 is controlled so that the first air hole 231 and the second air hole 251 are intermittently staggered, that is, the vacuum suction cup 24 adsorbed to the inner wall of the tunnel leaks intermittently, and the motor 3 is started at the same time, and the motor 3 drives the rotating roller 23 to rotate gradually, and the rotation direction drives the cross bar 1 to move downward, and the adsorption of the vacuum suction cup 24 adsorbed to the inner wall of the tunnel is released when the vacuum suction cup 24 is ventilated, and the rotating roller 23 rotates. When another vacuum suction cup 24 is squeezed onto the inner wall of the tunnel, the vacuum suction cup 24 is sealed and adsorbed to the inner wall of the tunnel; then the adsorption is released again, and the rotating roller 23 continues to rotate; until it rotates to a height where the staff can manually disassemble the cross bar 1 and stops; the above process facilitates the staff to disassemble the cross bar 1.

[0054] A plurality of second mounting grooves 101 are provided at both ends of the cross bar 1; a third hydraulic cylinder 4 is installed inside the second mounting groove 101, and a plug-in rod 41 is provided at the output end of the third hydraulic cylinder 4; for tunnels for preliminary support and concrete coating, after the height of the cross bar 1 is fixed, the third hydraulic cylinder 4 is started, and the third hydraulic cylinder 4 drives the end of the plug-in rod 41 to be inserted into the soil layer of the inner wall of the tunnel, thereby fixing the height of the cross bar 1; it can also contact the support of the lifter below; further facilitating use by the staff.

[0055] A flexible gasket 42 is sleeved on the end of the connecting rod 41 away from the third hydraulic cylinder 4, and a pair of positioning plates 43 are arranged on the surface of the connecting rod 41, and a buffer spring 44 is arranged between the positioning plates 43 and the flexible gasket 42; when the connecting rod 41 is inserted into the soil layer of the inner wall of the tunnel, the flexible gasket 42 will be pressed against the inner wall of the tunnel. As the connecting rod 41 penetrates into the soil layer, the flexible gasket 42 is blocked and the buffer spring 44 is compressed. The buffer spring 44 is compressed, and the flexible gasket 42 presses and fixes the soil at the insertion position of the soil layer on the inner wall of the tunnel, prevents the soil on the soil layer from falling off, and protects the inner wall of the tunnel.

[0056] An annular groove 5 is provided at the top of the cross bar 1 and below the horizontal part of the support frame 14, and an isolation tube 51 is inserted into the inside of the annular groove 5. The top end of the isolation tube 51 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the horizontal part of the support frame 14. When the horizontal part of the support frame 14 moves downward relative to the cross bar 1, the horizontal part of the support frame 14 can carry the isolation tube 51 to move synchronously, and the first pressure sensor 17 is squeezed by the inner top wall of the isolation tube 51. The isolation tube 51 cooperates with the annular groove 5 and the cross bar 1 to seal the first pressure sensor 17 to prevent the soil on the tunnel arch from falling directly to the pressure-bearing end of the first pressure sensor 17 and affecting the monitoring accuracy.

[0057] like Fig.12 As shown, a tunnel construction safety early warning method comprises the following steps:

[0058] S1. When in use, the staff installs the docking head 12 to the output end of the lifter on the ground;

[0059] S2, then the support rod 11 is driven upward by the lifter, the support rod 11 drives the cross bar 1 to move upward, and the cross bar 1 drives the monitoring plate 16 to move upward through the support frame 14 and the support block 15;

[0060] S3, then the support frame 14 stops when the horizontal part squeezes the pressure end of the first pressure sensor 17, and the first pressure sensor 17 transmits the pressure data to an external computer through an electrical signal;

[0061] S4, then adjust the height of the crossbar 1 so that the pressure value of the first pressure sensor 17 is stable, and then set the early warning system through the computer;

[0062] S5. When the pressure value of the first pressure sensor 17 increases, an automatic warning is issued; and it is determined that the tunnel vault is sinking.

[0063] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are only for explaining the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, which fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A tunnel construction safety early warning device, characterized in that: The invention comprises a cross bar (1), wherein a pair of supporting rods (11) are arranged at the bottom end of the cross bar (1), a butt joint (12) is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the supporting rod (11), a pair of rectangular grooves (13) are opened at the top end of the cross bar (1) based on the center symmetry, a supporting frame (14) is inserted into the inside of the pair of rectangular grooves (13), and the supporting frame (14) comprises a vertical part and a horizontal part; a connecting spring is arranged between the end of the vertical part of the supporting frame (14) located in the rectangular groove (13) and the inner wall of the rectangular groove (13); a supporting block (15) is arranged at the top end of the horizontal part of the supporting frame (14), and a monitoring plate (16) is arranged at the top end of the supporting block (15); A first pressure sensor (17) is provided at the top end of the crossbar (1) and below the horizontal part of the support frame (14), and the pressure-receiving end of the first pressure sensor (17) is aligned with the horizontal part of the support frame (14).

2. A tunnel construction safety early warning device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A sliding through hole (161) is provided at the end of the monitoring plate (16), a sliding block (162) is slidably connected inside the sliding through hole (161), a pair of fixing frames (163) are provided at both ends of the sliding through hole (161), a second pressure sensor (164) is provided on the side of the fixing frame (163), and the pressure-bearing end of the second pressure sensor (164) contacts the end of the sliding block (162).

3. A tunnel construction safety early warning device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A pair of brake assemblies (2) are provided at both ends of the crossbar (1), and the brake assemblies (2) are used to press and support the inner walls on both sides of the tunnel.

4. A tunnel construction safety early warning device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The brake assembly (2) comprises a first hydraulic cylinder (21); a pair of first mounting grooves (100) are provided at both ends of the cross bar (1), and the first hydraulic cylinder (21) is installed inside the first mounting groove (100); a receiving frame (22) is provided at the end of the output end of the first hydraulic cylinder (21), a rotating roller (23) is rotatably connected to the side of the receiving frame (22), and a vent hole is provided at the end of the rotating roller (23); a roller surface of the rotating roller (23) is provided with a plurality of first pores (231) connected to the vent holes, and a vacuum suction cup (24) is provided at the opening of the first pore (231); A blocking tube (25) is inserted into the vent hole, a plurality of second pores (251) are provided on the surface of the blocking tube (25), a toothed ring (252) is sleeved on one end of the blocking tube (25) located outside the vent hole, a driving rack (253) is meshedly connected to the side of the toothed ring (252), a second hydraulic cylinder (254) is provided on the surface of the receiving frame (22), a connecting piece (255) is provided between the output end of the second hydraulic cylinder (254) and the driving rack (253); initially, the first pore (231) is connected to the second pore (251); One end of the blocking tube (25) located outside the vent hole is connected to a gas extraction component.

5. A tunnel construction safety early warning device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The air extraction component comprises an air pump (262) mounted on the surface of the crossbar (1); an air guide tube (261) is provided at the input end of the air pump (262); an air extraction head (26) is provided at one end of the air guide tube (261) away from the air pump (262); and the air extraction head (26) is sealed and connected to the blocking tube (25); A motor (3) is installed on the side of the receiving frame (22), and the output end of the motor (3) is connected to the end of the rotating roller (23).

6. A tunnel construction safety early warning device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of second installation grooves (101) are provided at both ends of the crossbar (1); a third hydraulic cylinder (4) is installed inside the second installation groove (101), and a plug-in rod (41) is provided at the output end of the third hydraulic cylinder (4).

7. A tunnel construction safety early warning device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The end of the plug-in rod (41) away from the third hydraulic cylinder (4) is sleeved with a flexible gasket (42), a pair of positioning plates (43) are arranged on the surface of the plug-in rod (41), and a buffer spring (44) is arranged between the positioning plates (43) and the flexible gasket (42).

8. A tunnel construction safety early warning device according to claim 7, characterized in that: An annular groove (5) is provided at the top end of the crossbar (1) and below the horizontal portion of the support frame (14). An isolating cylinder (51) is inserted into the annular groove (5). The top end of the isolating cylinder (51) is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the horizontal portion of the support frame (14).

9. A tunnel construction safety early warning method, the method adopts a tunnel construction safety early warning device according to any one of claims 1 to 8; characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. When in use, the staff installs the docking head (12) onto the output end of the lifter on the ground; S2, the support rod (11) is then driven upward by the lifter, the support rod (11) drives the cross bar (1) to move upward, and the cross bar (1) drives the monitoring plate (16) to move upward through the support frame (14) and the support block (15); S3, then the pressure stops when the horizontal part of the support frame (14) is pressed to the pressure-receiving end of the first pressure sensor (17), and the first pressure sensor (17) transmits the pressure data to an external computer through an electrical signal; S4, then adjusting the height of the crossbar (1) so that the pressure value of the first pressure sensor (17) is stable, and then setting the early warning system through the computer; S5. When the pressure value of the first pressure sensor (17) increases, an automatic warning is issued; and it is determined that the tunnel vault is sinking.

10. A tunnel construction safety early warning method according to claim 9, characterized in that: The cross bar (1) needs to remain horizontal when moving upward, and the two ends of the cross bar (1) are at the same distance from the inner walls on both sides of the tunnel.

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