Power port low residual voltage lightning protection method based on series connection of TSS and MOV

Abstract

The invention discloses a power port low residual voltage lightning protection method based on series connection of a TSS and an MOV, and the method comprises the following steps: S1, employing a through-current capability OGDT type TSS for rapid conduction and shunting during overvoltage, employing a 5D471KJ type MOV, limiting the voltage amplitude during overvoltage through the nonlinear resistance characteristic of the MOV, and employing capacitors C1-C6 with the withstand voltage of 1000V and the capacitance value of 150pF for adjusting the voltage distribution; s2, a TSS and MOV series link is constructed, one end of the TSS is connected with power input, the other end of the TSS is connected with one end of the MOV, and the other end of the MOV is connected with a post-stage circuit; s3, connecting capacitors C1-C6 according to a specific mode to form a coupling network interacting with the TSS and the MOV; sequential lightning protection is achieved through the design of a series link, in an overvoltage event, the TSS serves as a first defensive line to first respond quickly, most overvoltage is bypassed, a post-stage MOV and a post-stage circuit are protected, the MOV serves as a second defensive line, possible remaining overvoltage is further processed, and safety of the post-stage circuit is ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of circuit protection, and in particular to a power port low residual voltage lightning protection method based on TSS and MOV connected in series. Background Art

[0002] In modern electronic equipment and electrical systems, the power port is one of the main ways for lightning surges and other overvoltage interference to enter the equipment. The surge voltage and current generated by lightning have the characteristics of large energy, steep rising edge, and short duration. Once these overvoltage interferences enter the electronic equipment, they may cause permanent damage to the sensitive electronic components inside the equipment (such as integrated circuits, transistors, capacitors, etc.), leading to equipment failure, data loss, and even safety accidents. Therefore, it is very important to provide effective lightning protection for the power port.

[0003] When the traditional power port lightning protection method handles large current lightning surges, the varistor itself will generate a high residual voltage, which will exceed the withstand voltage of the subsequent circuit components, causing abnormal circuit operation, and then lead to excessive fluctuations in the working voltage of the power grid, causing damage to the lightning protection circuit components. Therefore, a power port low residual voltage lightning protection method based on TSS and MOV in series is proposed. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to overcome the above-mentioned defects of the prior art and achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention proposes the following technical solution: a power port low residual voltage lightning protection method based on TSS and MOV in series, comprising the following steps:

[0005] S1: Use the OGDT model TSS with high current carrying capacity to quickly conduct the shunt when overvoltage occurs, use the 5D471KJ model MOV to limit the voltage amplitude when overvoltage occurs by utilizing its nonlinear resistance characteristics, and use capacitors C1-C6 with a withstand voltage of 1000V and a capacitance of 150pF to adjust the voltage distribution;

[0006] The specific process of quickly turning on the shunt during overvoltage is:

[0007] When an overvoltage appears in the circuit and exceeds its breakdown voltage, it quickly changes to a low-resistance conduction state through TSS, providing a low-impedance path for the overcurrent, thereby bypassing the overvoltage to the ground and protecting the subsequent circuits;

[0008] Among them, the breakdown voltage tolerance range of TSS is ±5V. Specifying the breakdown voltage tolerance range of TSS helps to ensure the performance stability of TSS in practical applications and prevent the breakdown voltage of TSS from fluctuating due to deviations in the manufacturing process. By limiting this tolerance range to ±5V, the performance of TSS between different batches can be relatively consistent, so that it can reliably conduct shunt when overvoltage occurs.

[0009] The specific process of limiting the voltage amplitude during overvoltage is:

[0010] When an overvoltage occurs in the circuit, the resistance of the MOV decreases sharply, limiting the voltage amplitude and preventing the excessive voltage from being transmitted to the subsequent circuit;

[0011] Among them, the varistor voltage tolerance range of MOV is stipulated as ±10V. When overvoltage occurs, MOV relies on its nonlinear resistance characteristics to limit the voltage amplitude, and the varistor voltage tolerance range is limited to ±10V, ensuring that MOV can reliably limit the overvoltage amplitude within a certain range in practical applications, and prevent the subsequent circuit from being impacted by excessively high voltage;

[0012] The specific process of adjusting voltage distribution is:

[0013] At the moment of overvoltage, the energy storage and discharge characteristics of the capacitor can assist TSS and MOV to respond quickly to overvoltage;

[0014] Among them, capacitors C1-C6 are used in the circuit to adjust the voltage distribution between TSS and MOV and optimize the circuit dynamic response. The capacitance tolerance range is specified to be ±10pF, which ensures the performance consistency of capacitors in different production batches. This helps to stably achieve that TSS bears most of the voltage under normal working conditions and reduce MOV power consumption;

[0015] The specific process of assisting TSS and MOV to respond to overvoltage faster through energy storage and discharge characteristics is:

[0016] Energy storage characteristics: Under normal working conditions, there will be a certain voltage across the capacitors C1-C6. The capacitors are in a charged state and store a certain amount of electrical energy. When the circuit is subjected to an overvoltage shock, the voltage across the capacitors changes instantly. Since the voltage across the capacitors cannot change suddenly, the capacitors use their stored electrical energy to maintain the voltage stability in the circuit. At the moment of overvoltage, the capacitors release the stored electrical energy to provide additional current for TSS (transient suppression diodes) and MOV (metal oxide varistor), helping them respond to overvoltage faster.

[0017] Discharge characteristics: The discharge characteristics of the capacitor will discharge rapidly at the moment of overvoltage. When overvoltage appears in the circuit between the cathode of TSS and the high-voltage end of MOV, the capacitor will discharge rapidly, providing TSS with an instantaneous large current and accelerating the conduction process of TSS. TSS is in a high-resistance state under normal working voltage. When the overvoltage exceeds its threshold, it needs to be quickly turned on and shunted. Capacitor discharge helps TSS change from a high-resistance state to a low-resistance conduction state more quickly, thereby bypassing the overvoltage to ground more quickly.

[0018] S2: Build a TSS and MOV series link, connect one end of the TSS to the power input, the other end to one end of the MOV, and the other end of the MOV to the subsequent circuit;

[0019] The specific process of building a TSS and MOV series link is:

[0020] First, connect the TSS to the power input;

[0021] One end of TSS is connected to the source of power supply through a suitable wire or circuit board trace to ensure that the power input voltage acts on TSS first. Suppose the power input voltage is V in , when the circuit is working normally, V in Directly applied to TSS, within the normal operating voltage range, TSS presents a high resistance state. According to Ohm's law formula R is the high-resistance resistance of TSS, and I is the extremely small leakage current. Only a very small current passes through TSS, which has little effect on the normal operation of the circuit.

[0022] Then connect TSS to MOV;

[0023] Assume the overvoltage peak value is V surge Once the breakdown voltage of TSS is exceeded, TSS will turn on quickly and its equivalent resistance will decrease sharply. At this time, most of the overcurrent will be diverted to the ground through TSS first. According to Kirchhoff's current law: I in =I TSS +I MOV , where I in is the total input current, I TSS is the current through TSS, I MOV is the current passing through the MOV), after the TSS shunting, the remaining smaller part of the current will flow to the MOV;

[0024] Specifically, the other end of the TSS is connected to one end of the MOV (25D471KJ). This connection method allows the TSS and MOV to form a series relationship in the circuit. When an overvoltage occurs in the circuit, the TSS and MOV can work together.

[0025] Connection between MOV and subsequent circuit;

[0026] The other end of the MOV is connected to the subsequent circuit. During normal operation, the MOV is in a high-resistance state, which has little effect on the voltage supply of the subsequent circuit. When the circuit is subjected to an overvoltage shock and some overvoltage still acts on the MOV after TSS shunting, the MOV rapidly decreases its resistance according to its nonlinear resistance characteristics, limiting the voltage amplitude and ensuring that the voltage transmitted to the subsequent circuit is within a safe range V out , that is, V out <V safe , where V safe It is the safe voltage that the subsequent circuit can withstand.

[0027] S3: Connect capacitors C1-C6 in a specific way to form a coupling network that interacts with TSS and MOV;

[0028] Connect C1 between the end of TSS connected to the power input and ground;

[0029] Specifically, the effect of connecting C1 between the end of TSS connected to the power input and the ground under normal conditions is:

[0030] Assume the power supply voltage is V AC , the voltage that TSS withstands is V TSS The voltage that MOV (metal oxide varistor) withstands is V MOV , then V AC =V TSS +V MOV ;

[0031] Among them, C1 will affect the potential of TSS anode. Assuming the capacitive reactance of the capacitor Where f is the frequency, C is the capacitance value, C1 changes the equivalent impedance between the TSS anode and the ground, thereby affecting the voltage distribution across the TSS. By selecting the capacitance value of C1 (150pF), the TSS can bear more voltage during normal operation.

[0032] The effect of connecting C1 between the end of TSS connected to the power input and ground during overvoltage is:

[0033] When the circuit is subjected to an overvoltage shock, the TSS is quickly turned on. C1 provides an additional current path for the TSS through rapid discharge at the moment of overvoltage, accelerating the conduction process of the TSS. The energy storage formula based on the capacitor is: The energy stored in C1 is released when overvoltage occurs, which helps TSS bypass the overvoltage to ground faster;

[0034] Connect C2 between the other end of the TSS and one end of the MOV;

[0035] Specifically, the effect of connecting C2 between the other end of TSS and one end of MOV under normal conditions is:

[0036] The voltage distribution at both ends of TSS is affected by the synergistic effect of C2 and C1. It participates in the entire capacitor network and forms a complex voltage division system with other capacitors. By adjusting the capacitance of C2, the voltage distribution ratio between TSS and MOV is optimized to ensure that TSS bears more voltage during normal operation and reduce the power consumption of MOV.

[0037] The effect of connecting C2 between the other end of TSS and one end of MOV at the moment of overvoltage is:

[0038] In case of overvoltage, the discharge characteristics of C2 provide additional current to TSS and MOV, which can quickly respond to overvoltage.

[0039] Connect C3 between this end of the MOV and ground;

[0040] The function of C3 connected between this end of the MOV and ground in normal operation is:

[0041] C3 and C2 work together to adjust the potential at one end of the MOV. By changing the equivalent capacitance between the MOV and the ground, the voltage of the MOV during normal operation is affected. Suppose the capacitive reactance of C3 is X C3 , the equivalent capacitive reactance of other capacitors (all capacitors except C3) is X Ceq ,but C3 keeps V TSS >>V MOV , under normal working conditions, the goal of TSS bearing most of the voltage is achieved, reducing the power consumption of MOV;

[0042] The effect of C3 connected between this end of the MOV and the ground during overvoltage is:

[0043] When overvoltage occurs, C3 participates in the dynamic response process of the entire circuit, working in conjunction with other capacitors and components to help the MOV quickly enter a low-resistance conduction state and limit the voltage amplitude;

[0044] Connect C4 between the other end of the MOV and ground;

[0045] Connecting C4 between the other end of the MOV and ground will produce the following effects during normal operation:

[0046] C4 is used to stabilize the voltage of MOV during normal operation. Through the capacitive reactance characteristics of C4, it participates in the voltage distribution process of the entire capacitor network. Under normal working conditions, C4 and other capacitors (all capacitors except C4) ensure that the voltage across the MOV is at a low level, reducing the power consumption of MOV.

[0047] The effect of connecting C4 between the other end of the MOV and the ground during overvoltage is:

[0048] C4 releases electrical energy at the moment of overvoltage, generates discharge current, helps the circuit cope with overvoltage, and assists MOV in adjusting its resistance state faster during overvoltage by storing and releasing electrical energy, so as to better limit the voltage amplitude.

[0049] Connect C5 between the power input connection end of the TSS and the other end of the MOV;

[0050] Connecting C5 between the power input connection end of the TSS and the other end of the MOV has the following effects during normal operation:

[0051] C5 and other capacitors (all capacitors except C5) form a complete capacitor voltage divider network. Through the capacitive reactance characteristics of C5, C5 participates in the voltage distribution process of the entire circuit during normal operation, ensuring that TSS bears more voltage and reducing the power consumption of MOV;

[0052] Connecting C5 between the power input connection end of TSS and the other end of MOV has the following effects during overvoltage:

[0053] At the moment of overvoltage, C5 provides an additional current path for TSS and MOV, helping to quickly respond to overvoltage and ensure that the residual voltage in the circuit is controlled at a low level;

[0054] Connect C6 between the other end of the MOV and ground;

[0055] Connecting C6 between the other end of the MOV and ground has the following effects in normal operation:

[0056] C6 participates in the overall voltage regulation process to ensure that the voltage of each component is within a reasonable range during normal operation. Together with other capacitors, it affects the voltage across the MOV through its capacitive reactance characteristics, thereby reducing the power consumption of the MOV.

[0057] The effect of connecting C6 between the other end of the MOV and the ground during overvoltage is:

[0058] At the moment of overvoltage, the C6 auxiliary circuit works, and by storing and releasing electrical energy, it participates in the response of the entire circuit to overvoltage, helping MOV and TSS to better limit the voltage amplitude and protect the safety of the subsequent circuit.

[0059] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0060] 1. In the present invention, sequential lightning protection is realized through the design of a series link. In an overvoltage event, TSS, as the first line of defense, responds quickly first, bypasses most of the overvoltage, and protects the subsequent MOV and circuit. MOV, as the second line of defense, further handles the possible remaining overvoltage to ensure the safety of the subsequent circuit. Compared with the traditional single component protection or simple parallel protection method, this sequential protection can more effectively deal with overvoltages of different amplitudes and waveforms. In this design, TSS first shares most of the energy, reduces the risk of MOV damage, and effectively improves the stability of lightning protection;

[0061] Secondly, the collaborative working mechanism of TSS and MOV in the series link. At the moment of overvoltage, the rapid conduction of TSS not only shunts itself, but also affects the working state of MOV through the coupling effect of the capacitor network, enabling it to respond to overvoltage faster and more effectively. At the same time, the conduction characteristics of MOV will in turn affect the work of TSS. The two cooperate with each other to form a dynamic collaborative working process. This collaborative working mechanism makes full use of the characteristics of TSS and MOV and improves the lightning protection performance of the entire circuit. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0062] Figure 1 This is a method step diagram of a power port low residual voltage lightning protection method based on TSS and MOV series connection proposed by the present invention.

[0063] Figure 2 The present invention provides a circuit diagram of a power port low residual voltage lightning protection method based on TSS and MOV in series. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0064] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0065] Embodiment 1

[0066] like Figure 1 to Figure 2 As shown, the present invention proposes a power port low residual voltage lightning protection method based on TSS and MOV in series, comprising the following steps:

[0067] S1: Use the OGDT model TSS with high current carrying capacity to quickly conduct the shunt when overvoltage occurs, use the 5D471KJ model MOV to limit the voltage amplitude when overvoltage occurs by utilizing its nonlinear resistance characteristics, and use capacitors C1-C6 with a withstand voltage of 1000V and a capacitance of 150pF to adjust the voltage distribution;

[0068] The specific process of TSS quickly turning on the shunt when overvoltage occurs is:

[0069] When an overvoltage appears in the circuit and exceeds its breakdown voltage, it quickly changes to a low-resistance conduction state through TSS, providing a low-impedance path for the overcurrent, thereby bypassing the overvoltage to the ground and protecting the subsequent circuits;

[0070] Among them, the breakdown voltage tolerance range of TSS is ±5V. Specifying the breakdown voltage tolerance range of TSS helps to ensure the performance stability of TSS in practical applications and prevent the breakdown voltage of TSS from fluctuating due to deviations in the manufacturing process. By limiting this tolerance range to ±5V, the performance of TSS between different batches can be relatively consistent, so that it can reliably conduct shunt when overvoltage occurs.

[0071] The specific process of limiting the voltage amplitude during overvoltage is:

[0072] When an overvoltage occurs in the circuit, the resistance of the MOV decreases sharply, limiting the voltage amplitude and preventing the excessive voltage from being transmitted to the subsequent circuit;

[0073] Among them, the varistor voltage tolerance range of MOV is stipulated as ±10V. When overvoltage occurs, MOV relies on its nonlinear resistance characteristics to limit the voltage amplitude, and the varistor voltage tolerance range is limited to ±10V, ensuring that MOV can reliably limit the overvoltage amplitude within a certain range in practical applications, and prevent the subsequent circuit from being impacted by excessively high voltage;

[0074] The specific process of adjusting voltage distribution is:

[0075] At the moment of overvoltage, the energy storage and discharge characteristics of the capacitor can assist TSS and MOV to respond quickly to overvoltage;

[0076] Among them, capacitors C1-C6 are used in the circuit to adjust the voltage distribution between TSS and MOV and optimize the circuit dynamic response. The capacitance tolerance range is specified to be ±10pF, which ensures the performance consistency of capacitors in different production batches. This helps to stably achieve that TSS bears most of the voltage under normal working conditions and reduce MOV power consumption;

[0077] The specific process of assisting TSS and MOV to respond to overvoltage faster through energy storage and discharge characteristics is:

[0078] Energy storage characteristics: Under normal working conditions, there will be a certain voltage across the capacitors C1-C6. The capacitors are in a charged state and store a certain amount of electrical energy. When the circuit is subjected to an overvoltage shock, the voltage across the capacitors changes instantly. Since the voltage across the capacitors cannot change suddenly, the capacitors use their stored electrical energy to maintain the voltage stability in the circuit. At the moment of overvoltage, the capacitors release the stored electrical energy to provide additional current for TSS (transient suppression diodes) and MOV (metal oxide varistor), helping them respond to overvoltage faster.

[0079] Discharge characteristics: The discharge characteristics of the capacitor will discharge rapidly at the moment of overvoltage. When overvoltage appears in the circuit between the cathode of TSS and the high-voltage end of MOV, the capacitor will discharge rapidly, providing TSS with an instantaneous large current and accelerating the conduction process of TSS. TSS is in a high-resistance state under normal working voltage. When the overvoltage exceeds its threshold, it needs to be quickly turned on and shunted. Capacitor discharge helps TSS change from a high-resistance state to a low-resistance conduction state more quickly, thereby bypassing the overvoltage to ground more quickly.

[0080] S2: Build a TSS and MOV series link, connect one end of the TSS to the power input, the other end to one end of the MOV, and the other end of the MOV to the subsequent circuit;

[0081] The specific process of building a TSS and MOV series link is:

[0082] First, connect the TSS to the power input;

[0083] One end of TSS is connected to the source of power supply through a wire or circuit board trace to ensure that the power input voltage acts on TSS first. Suppose the power input voltage is V in , when the circuit is working normally, V in Directly applied to TSS, within the normal operating voltage range, TSS presents a high resistance state. According to Ohm's law formula R is the high-resistance resistance of TSS, and I is the extremely small leakage current. Only a very small current passes through TSS, which has little effect on the normal operation of the circuit.

[0084] Then connect TSS to MOV;

[0085] Assume the overvoltage peak value is V surge Once the breakdown voltage of TSS is exceeded, TSS will turn on quickly and its equivalent resistance will decrease sharply. At this time, most of the overcurrent will be diverted to the ground through TSS first. According to Kirchhoff's current law: I in =I TSS +I MOV , where I in is the total input current, I TSS is the current through TSS, I MOV The current passing through the MOV, after the TSS shunting, the remaining smaller part of the current will flow to the MOV;

[0086] Specifically, the other end of the TSS is connected to one end of the MOV (25D471KJ). This connection method allows the TSS and MOV to form a series relationship in the circuit. When an overvoltage occurs in the circuit, the TSS and MOV can work together.

[0087] Connection between MOV and subsequent circuit;

[0088] The other end of the MOV is connected to the subsequent circuit. During normal operation, the MOV is in a high-resistance state, which has little effect on the voltage supply of the subsequent circuit. When the circuit is subjected to an overvoltage shock and some overvoltage still acts on the MOV after TSS shunting, the MOV rapidly decreases its resistance according to its nonlinear resistance characteristics, limiting the voltage amplitude and ensuring that the voltage transmitted to the subsequent circuit is within a safe range V out , that is, V out <V safe , where V safe It is the safe voltage that the subsequent circuit can withstand.

[0089] S3: Connect capacitors C1-C6 in a specific way to form a coupling network that interacts with TSS and MOV;

[0090] Connect C1 between the end of TSS connected to the power input and ground;

[0091] Specifically, the effect of connecting C1 between the end of TSS connected to the power input and the ground under normal conditions is:

[0092] Assume the power supply voltage is V AC , the voltage that TSS withstands is V TSS The voltage that MOV (metal oxide varistor) withstands is V MOV , then V AC =V TSS +V MOV ;

[0093] Among them, C1 will affect the potential of TSS anode. Assuming the capacitive reactance of the capacitor Where f is the frequency, C is the capacitance value, C1 changes the equivalent impedance between the TSS anode and the ground, thereby affecting the voltage distribution across the TSS. By selecting the capacitance value of C1 (150pF), the TSS can bear more voltage during normal operation.

[0094] The effect of connecting C1 between the end of TSS connected to the power input and ground during overvoltage is:

[0095] When the circuit is subjected to an overvoltage shock, the TSS is quickly turned on. C1 provides an additional current path for the TSS through rapid discharge at the moment of overvoltage, accelerating the conduction process of the TSS. The energy storage formula based on the capacitor is: The energy stored in C1 is released when overvoltage occurs, which helps TSS bypass the overvoltage to ground faster;

[0096] Connect C2 between the other end of the TSS and one end of the MOV;

[0097] Specifically, the effect of connecting C2 between the other end of TSS and one end of MOV under normal conditions is:

[0098] The voltage distribution at both ends of TSS is affected by the synergistic effect of C2 and C1. It participates in the entire capacitor network and forms a complex voltage division system with other capacitors. By adjusting the capacitance of C2, the voltage distribution ratio between TSS and MOV is optimized to ensure that TSS bears more voltage during normal operation and reduce the power consumption of MOV.

[0099] The effect of connecting C2 between the other end of TSS and one end of MOV at the moment of overvoltage is:

[0100] In case of overvoltage, the discharge characteristics of C2 provide additional current to TSS and MOV, which can quickly respond to overvoltage.

[0101] Connect C3 between this end of the MOV and ground;

[0102] The function of C3 connected between this end of the MOV and ground in normal operation is:

[0103] C3 and C2 work together to adjust the potential at one end of the MOV. By changing the equivalent capacitance between the MOV and the ground, the voltage of the MOV during normal operation is affected. Suppose the capacitive reactance of C3 is X C3 , the equivalent capacitive reactance of other capacitors (all capacitors except C3) is X Ceq ,but C3 keeps V TSS >>V MOV , under normal working conditions, the goal of TSS bearing most of the voltage is achieved, reducing the power consumption of MOV;

[0104] The effect of C3 connected between this end of the MOV and the ground during overvoltage is:

[0105] When overvoltage occurs, C3 participates in the dynamic response process of the entire circuit, working in conjunction with other capacitors and components to help the MOV quickly enter a low-resistance conduction state and limit the voltage amplitude;

[0106] Connect C4 between the other end of the MOV and ground;

[0107] Connecting C4 between the other end of the MOV and ground will produce the following effects during normal operation:

[0108] C4 is used to stabilize the voltage of MOV during normal operation. Through the capacitive reactance characteristics of C4, it participates in the voltage distribution process of the entire capacitor network. Under normal working conditions, C4 and other capacitors (all capacitors except C4) ensure that the voltage across the MOV is at a low level, reducing the power consumption of MOV.

[0109] The effect of connecting C4 between the other end of the MOV and the ground during overvoltage is:

[0110] C4 releases electrical energy at the moment of overvoltage, generates discharge current, helps the circuit cope with overvoltage, and assists MOV in adjusting its resistance state faster during overvoltage by storing and releasing electrical energy, so as to better limit the voltage amplitude.

[0111] Connect C5 between the power input connection end of the TSS and the other end of the MOV;

[0112] Connecting C5 between the power input connection end of the TSS and the other end of the MOV has the following effects during normal operation:

[0113] C5 and other capacitors (all capacitors except C5) form a complete capacitor voltage divider network. Through the capacitive reactance characteristics of C5, C5 participates in the voltage distribution process of the entire circuit during normal operation, ensuring that TSS bears more voltage and reducing the power consumption of MOV;

[0114] Connecting C5 between the power input connection end of TSS and the other end of MOV has the following effects during overvoltage:

[0115] At the moment of overvoltage, C5 provides an additional current path for TSS and MOV, helping to quickly respond to overvoltage and ensure that the residual voltage in the circuit is controlled at a low level;

[0116] Connect C6 between the other end of the MOV and ground;

[0117] Connecting C6 between the other end of the MOV and ground has the following effects in normal operation:

[0118] C6 participates in the overall voltage regulation process to ensure that the voltage of each component is within a reasonable range during normal operation. Together with other capacitors, it affects the voltage across the MOV, thereby reducing the power consumption of the MOV.

[0119] The effect of connecting C6 between the other end of the MOV and the ground during overvoltage is:

[0120] At the moment of overvoltage, the C6 auxiliary circuit works, and participates in the response of the entire circuit to overvoltage by storing and releasing electrical energy, helping MOV and TSS to better limit the voltage amplitude and protect the safety of the subsequent circuit.

[0121] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A power port low residual voltage lightning protection method based on TSS and MOV in series, characterized in that: The steps include: S1: Use the OGDT model TSS with high current carrying capacity to quickly conduct the shunt when overvoltage occurs, use the 5D471KJ model MOV to limit the voltage amplitude when overvoltage occurs by utilizing its nonlinear resistance characteristics, and use capacitors C1-C6 with a withstand voltage of 1000V and a capacitance of 150pF to adjust the voltage distribution; S2: Build a TSS and MOV series link, connect one end of the TSS to the power input, the other end to one end of the MOV, and the other end of the MOV to the subsequent circuit; S3: Connect capacitors C1-C6 in a specific way to form a coupling network that interacts with TSS and MOV; The connection method of the specific method is: C1 is connected between the end of TSS connected to the power input and ground; C2 is connected between the other end of TSS and one end of MOV; C3 is connected between this end of the MOV and ground; C4 is connected between the other end of the MOV and ground; C5 is connected between the power input connection end of the TSS and the other end of the MOV; C6 is connected between the other end of the MOV and ground.

2. According to claim 1, a power port low residual voltage lightning protection method based on TSS and MOV in series connection is characterized in that: The TSS provides a low impedance path for overcurrent by changing to a low resistance conduction state when an overvoltage exceeds the breakdown voltage in the circuit, bypasses the overvoltage to the ground, and realizes fast conduction and shunting to protect the subsequent circuit.

3. According to claim 1, a power port low residual voltage lightning protection method based on TSS and MOV in series connection is characterized in that: The MOV reduces its resistance sharply when overvoltage occurs in the circuit, thereby limiting the voltage amplitude and preventing the excessively high voltage from being transmitted to the subsequent circuit to achieve the voltage amplitude.

4. According to claim 1, a power port low residual voltage lightning protection method based on TSS and MOV in series connection is characterized in that: The voltage distribution adjustment is based on the energy storage and discharge characteristics of the capacitor to assist the TSS and MOV to respond quickly to overvoltage; The specific process of assisting TSS and MOV to respond to overvoltage faster through energy storage and discharge characteristics is as follows: Based on the energy storage characteristics of capacitors, electrical energy is stored in the capacitor in a charged state. When the circuit is subjected to an overvoltage shock, the voltage across the capacitor changes instantly. The capacitor uses its stored electrical energy to maintain the voltage stability in the circuit. At the moment of overvoltage, the capacitor releases the stored electrical energy to provide additional current for the TSS and MOV. Based on the discharge characteristics of the capacitor, the capacitor discharges quickly at the moment of overvoltage to provide a momentary large current to the TSS, accelerate the conduction process of the TSS, and help the TSS to change from a high-resistance state to a low-resistance conduction state more quickly through capacitor discharge, quickly bypassing the overvoltage to the ground.

5. According to claim 1, a power port low residual voltage lightning protection method based on TSS and MOV in series connection is characterized in that: One end of the TSS is connected to the source of the power supply through a wire or a circuit board trace, ensuring that the voltage of the power input acts on the TSS first; The TSS is quickly turned on after the voltage peak exceeds the breakdown voltage, and the equivalent resistance is sharply reduced. Most of the overcurrent is preferentially diverted to the ground through the TSS, and then the remaining smaller part of the current flows to the MOV; When the MOV circuit is subjected to overvoltage shock and some overvoltage still acts on the MOV after TSS shunting, the resistance decreases rapidly according to the nonlinear resistance characteristics, limiting the voltage amplitude and ensuring that the voltage transmitted to the subsequent circuit is within the safe range V out , that is, V out <V safe , where V safe It is the safe voltage that the subsequent circuit can withstand.

6. A power port low residual voltage lightning protection method based on TSS and MOV in series connection according to claim 1, characterized in that: The C1 is connected between the power input connection end of the TSS and the ground. Under normal conditions, the C1 changes the equivalent impedance between the TSS anode and the ground, affecting the voltage distribution across the TSS, so that the TSS bears more voltage during normal operation. At the moment of overvoltage, the C1 quickly discharges to provide an additional current path for the TSS, helping the TSS to quickly bypass the overvoltage to the ground. The C2 is connected between the other end of the TSS and one end of the MOV, and cooperates with C1 under normal conditions to affect the voltage distribution across the TSS, adjust the capacitance of C2, and optimize the voltage distribution ratio between the TSS and the MOV, ensuring that the TSS bears more voltage during normal operation and reduces the power consumption of the MOV. At the moment of overvoltage, the discharge characteristics of C2 provide additional current for the TSS and the MOV, and quickly respond to overvoltage.

7. A power port low residual voltage lightning protection method based on TSS and MOV series connection according to claim 6, characterized in that: The C3 is connected between the end of the MOV and the ground, and in normal operation, it works together with C2 to adjust the potential of one end of the MOV, and changes the equivalent capacitance between the MOV and the ground, which affects the voltage of the MOV in normal operation. In the overvoltage moment, C3 helps the MOV to quickly enter the low-resistance conduction state to limit the voltage amplitude; The C4 is connected between the other end of the MOV and the ground. During normal operation, the C4, together with other capacitors, ensures that the voltage across the MOV is at a low level, reducing the power consumption of the MOV. At the moment of overvoltage, the C4 releases electrical energy, generates a discharge current to help the circuit cope with overvoltage, and assists the MOV to quickly adjust its resistance state during overvoltage.

8. A power port low residual voltage lightning protection method based on TSS and MOV series connection according to claim 7, characterized in that: The C5 is connected between the end of the TSS connected to the power input and the other end of the MOV. During normal operation, it participates in the voltage distribution process of the entire circuit to reduce the power consumption of the MOV. At the moment of overvoltage, C5 provides an additional current path for the TSS and MOV to help quickly respond to overvoltage. The C6 is connected between the other end of the MOV and the ground. In normal operation, the C6 affects the voltage across the MOV and reduces the power consumption of the MOV. In the overvoltage instant, the C6 assists the circuit to work and helps the MOV and TSS to quickly limit the voltage amplitude by storing and releasing electricity.

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