Corn seed coating method beneficial to corn seedling strengthening and yield increasing

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of seed treatment, and discloses a corn seed coating method beneficial to corn seedling strengthening and yield increasing, the corn seed coating method comprises the following steps: preparing a coating: the coating comprises powder and an aqueous solution; preparing seeds: putting corn seeds into a stirring barrel; spraying an aqueous solution: uniformly spraying the aqueous solution on the surfaces of the seeds in the stirring process; scattering powder: scattering the powder into the stirring barrel, and continuously stirring, so that the powder is attached to the aqueous solution layer on the surfaces of the seeds; and drying treatment: spreading the coated seeds for natural air drying. According to the invention, the zinc sulfate monohydrate is used as one of the components of the powder, the outer wall of the corn seed is coated with the zinc sulfate monohydrate, the waste of zinc element is effectively reduced, and the early growth ability of the corn root system and the photosynthesis efficiency of the leaf are enhanced by providing the zinc element. The problems that in the prior art, traditional zinc sulfate is prone to loss and low in absorption and utilization rate are solved, and the phenomenon that seedlings are weak in the seedling stage due to zinc deficiency of crops is avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of seed treatment, in particular to a corn seed coating method which is beneficial to increasing corn seedling strength and yield. Background Art

[0002] Zinc is one of the important trace elements required for plant growth. It participates in various physiological metabolic processes such as chlorophyll synthesis, enzyme activation and photosynthesis, and is essential for early growth and high yield of crops in the later stage. In corn planting, the effective supply of zinc is particularly important, especially in neutral or alkaline soils, because the effective state ratio of soil zinc is low, which can easily lead to the occurrence of zinc deficiency. Crop zinc deficiency usually manifests as leaf loss of green, dwarfing, and growth stunting in the seedling stage, which ultimately affects yield and quality. To solve this problem, farmland often uses the method of supplementing zinc fertilizer. For example, zinc sulfate is a common zinc fertilizer, which is widely used in agricultural production because of its low price and easy solubility in water. However, the prior art has significant deficiencies in the utilization efficiency and continuous supply of zinc fertilizer.

[0003] As a water-soluble zinc fertilizer, the application of traditional zinc sulfate in soil is easily restricted by environmental conditions. First, because zinc sulfate dissolves quickly in the soil, it is easily adsorbed by soil particles or converted into insoluble zinc compounds (such as zinc oxide or zinc carbonate), which makes it difficult for plant roots to absorb it effectively. This phenomenon is particularly prominent in alkaline soils. Second, zinc sulfate is easily lost with rainwater after application, resulting in a large amount of zinc waste, which not only increases the cost of fertilizing farmland, but also causes potential pollution to the environment. In addition, the rapid release mode of traditional zinc sulfate is difficult to match the growth rhythm of crop seedlings, often producing excessively high zinc concentrations at the beginning of fertilization, while insufficient supply in the later stage affects crop growth. This "excess in the early stage and shortage in the later stage" zinc supply mode is difficult to meet the early growth needs of high zinc-demanding crops such as corn. Especially when the root system is not fully developed, the lack of zinc will directly limit the extension and function of the root system, thus leading to the appearance of weak seedlings.

[0004] In recent years, seed coating technology has gradually attracted attention in response to the problem of low utilization rate of traditional zinc fertilizers. Seed coating agents can directly provide a source of nutrients for crop seeds by coating trace elements such as zinc on the outer wall of seeds, thereby avoiding the loss and failure of zinc fertilizers in the soil. However, most seed coating agents in the prior art use traditional zinc sulfate as a raw material, and its stability and zinc supply efficiency in seed coating agents are still significantly insufficient. On the one hand, traditional zinc sulfate has weak adhesion to the outer wall of seeds and is easy to fall off during seed processing and storage, affecting its application effect. On the other hand, it is difficult for existing seed coating agents to effectively control the release rate of zinc, and there may still be problems such as excessive zinc release in the early stage of application and insufficient supply in the later stage, which cannot provide a continuous and balanced supply of zinc for crops such as corn. Summary of the invention

[0005] The invention solves the problems in the prior art of low utilization rate of zinc fertilizer, easy loss, unbalanced zinc supply and insufficient zinc supply in the later stage, which lead to weak seedlings and restricted growth of crops in the seedling stage.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: a corn seed coating method that is beneficial to corn seedling growth and yield increase, comprising the following steps: Preparation of coating: The coating includes powder and aqueous solution; Among them, the powder and the aqueous solution work synergistically through reasonable proportions, respectively assuming the functions of nutrient supply, disease prevention and pest control, controlled release and slow release, and adhesion and bonding. The powder provides nutrients and pest control and disease prevention ingredients; the aqueous solution forms a stable bonding system through chitosan and gelatin, and carbon enzyme preparations and growth regulators are added to further enhance the early growth vitality and stress resistance of seeds. The synergistic effect of the powder and the aqueous solution ensures the supply of nutrients and the stable release of protective functions.

[0007] Seed preparation: Place corn seeds in a mixing bucket; The mixing barrel is a rotating mixing device, which ensures that the seeds are evenly contacted with the coating liquid and powder in a dynamic environment, avoiding uneven coating due to static state, which affects the subsequent seed coating quality and stability.

[0008] Aqueous agent spraying: During the stirring process, spray the aqueous agent solution evenly on the surface of the seeds; Chitosan and gelatin are the main adhesives in the water solution. By forming an adhesion layer, they can enhance the adsorption capacity of the powder on the seed surface and have certain antibacterial properties to prevent seeds from getting sick during storage and early planting. Carbon enzyme preparations can enhance the carbon metabolism efficiency of seeds in the early stage, and growth regulators such as gibberellins can promote seed germination and enhance seed vitality under adverse conditions such as low temperature.

[0009] Powder sprinkler: sprinkle the powder into the mixing bucket and continue to stir, so that the powder adheres to the water agent layer on the surface of the seeds; The powder components are evenly attached to the aqueous solution adhesion layer during the stirring process. The appropriate stirring speed changes ensure that the powder particles are evenly distributed and do not fall off. The lower speed is used in the aqueous spraying stage to avoid seed damage, while the higher speed is used in the powder stage to enhance the adhesion of the powder, shorten the mixing time, and ensure uniformity and production efficiency.

[0010] Drying process: Spread the coated seeds to dry naturally.

[0011] Under natural air drying conditions (temperature 20-30℃, relative humidity <60%), the water in the coating layer evaporates slowly, preventing high temperature from inactivating the active ingredients in the seed coating (such as Bacillus subtilis, carbon enzyme preparations, and gibberellins), while ensuring the stability and strength of the coating layer. 3-4 hours of air drying time can ensure that the seed coating layer is completely dry without affecting the storage and subsequent use of the seeds.

[0012] Preferably, the speed of the stirring barrel is 100-110 r / min when the powder, aqueous solution and seeds are mixed. After the powder is sprinkled into the stirring barrel, the speed of the stirring barrel is increased to 150-200 r / min, and stirring is continued for 10-15 min. During the drying process, air dry for 3-4 hours.

[0013] Preferably, the powder comprises the following components in parts by weight: Zinc sulfate monohydrate: 2-5 parts; Nano phosphate fertilizer: 5-10 parts; Bacillus subtilis: 5-8 parts; Controlled release matrix: 8-14 parts; Insecticide: 1-3 parts; Powders are used to provide nutrients needed for plant growth, prevent diseases and kill insects, and have controlled and slow release functions. The controlled-release matrix ensures the slow release of nutrients and improves nutrient utilization efficiency; the synergistic effect of Bacillus subtilis and insecticides enhances the disease and insect resistance of seeds and seedlings.

[0014] The aqueous solution comprises the following components in parts by weight: Chitosan solution: 20-34 parts; Gelatin solution: 10-18 parts; Carbonase preparation: 15-40 parts; Regulator: 0.5-3 parts.

[0015] The agent provides basic bonding function through chitosan and gelatin, which has strong viscosity and is resistant to hydrolysis; carbon enzyme preparations and growth regulators regulate the internal metabolic process of seeds to improve the germination ability and initial growth rate of seeds under adverse conditions such as low temperature and drought.

[0016] Preferably, the nano-phosphate fertilizer is pulverized using a pulverizer before mixing, and the particle size is 100-300nm.

[0017] Preferably, the controlled release matrix comprises one or more of cellulose acetate or polylactic acid.

[0018] Preferably, the pesticide includes one or more of matrine powder, azadirachtin powder or rotenone powder.

[0019] Preferably, the concentration of the chitosan solution is 1%-2%, the concentration of the gelatin solution is 2%-3%, and the regulator includes one or more of gibberellin aqueous solution, naphthaleneacetic acid solution or indoleacetic acid solution.

[0020] Preferably, the powder is mixed with: When using a V-type mixer: speed: 100-120r / min, mixing time: 5-15min; When using a double-screw mixer: speed: 90-100r / min, mixing time: 3-10min.

[0021] Preferably, the aqueous solution is mixed with: Pour the chitosan solution, gelatin solution, carbon enzyme preparation and regulator into a stirring barrel, and stir at a speed of 400-500r / min for 5-10min.

[0022] Preferably, the mass ratio of the powder, aqueous solution and seeds is (5-8):(10-12):(100-110).

[0023] The powder, aqueous solution and seeds are mixed in proportion to ensure the integrity of the coating layer and avoid excessive coating materials affecting the water absorption capacity and germination performance of the seeds. The proportion of aqueous solution is slightly higher than that of powder to ensure that the seed coating layer has a good adhesion effect.

[0024] The present invention provides a corn seed coating method which is beneficial to increasing corn seedling strength and yield. It has the following beneficial effects: 1. The present invention uses zinc sulfate monohydrate as one of the powder ingredients and coats it on the outer wall of corn seeds, thereby effectively reducing the waste of zinc elements and enhancing the early growth ability of corn roots and the photosynthesis efficiency of leaves by providing zinc elements. The problem of easy loss and low absorption and utilization rate of traditional zinc sulfate in the prior art is solved, and the phenomenon of weak seedlings in the seedling stage caused by zinc deficiency is avoided.

[0025] 2. The present invention effectively improves the germination rate and seedling growth potential of corn seeds by adding carbon enzyme preparations to the aqueous solution and strengthening the carbon metabolism ability of seeds under low temperature conditions. Compared with the problem of slow germination or even failure of seeds in low temperature environments in the prior art, this solution significantly enhances the germination speed and uniformity of corn seeds in adverse conditions, laying a solid foundation for healthy growth and yield improvement in the seedling stage.

[0026] 3. The present invention achieves a long-term supply of nutrients by slowly releasing nutrients using a controlled-release substrate. Compared with the problem of too fast or too slow release of coating materials in the prior art, this technology has a moderate release rate under soil moisture and temperature conditions, which not only avoids the adverse effects of excessive nutrient release on seeds in the early stage, but also ensures that nutrients can be continuously supplied to the corn seedling stage, thereby improving fertilizer utilization efficiency and reducing the risk of environmental pollution.

[0027] 4. The present invention uses Bacillus subtilis as a biological agent, and through its colonization and metabolic activities in the soil, effectively inhibits the occurrence of soil-borne diseases such as corn root rot and smut. Different from the existing technology that relies solely on chemical fungicides to cause an imbalance in soil flora, this solution not only achieves green prevention and control of diseases, but also improves the soil microecological environment, providing a reliable guarantee for the healthy growth of corn.

[0028] 5. The present invention effectively prevents and controls the damage of underground pests such as white grubs to corn seeds by adding matrine to the powder component through its natural insecticidal activity. Compared with the prior art solution with high risk of chemical pesticide residues and easy to cause groundwater pollution, matrine, as a plant-based insecticide, has both high insecticidal properties and environmental safety, significantly improving the environmental protection characteristics of corn seed coating agents while ensuring seed safety. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the method flow of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The following will be combined with the drawings in the specification of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] In order to better understand the present invention, the above contents are described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0032] Please see attached Figure 1 : Example 1 Preparation of aqueous solution Pour 30 parts of chitosan solution (2% concentration), 15 parts of gelatin solution (3% concentration), 20 parts of carbon enzyme preparation and 1.5 parts of gibberellin aqueous solution into a stirring barrel in sequence, and stir at 400r / min for 8 minutes to form a uniform aqueous solution.

[0033] Powder mixing Add 3 parts of zinc sulfate monohydrate, 8 parts of nano-phosphate fertilizer, 6 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 10 parts of cellulose acetate and 2 parts of matrine powder into a double-screw mixer and mix at 90 r / min for 10 minutes to ensure that the ingredients are evenly distributed.

[0034] Coating operation Place 100 kg of corn seeds in a mixing bucket and stir at a low speed (100 r / min). Spray the prepared aqueous solution through a spray device, with a total amount of 10 kg, to ensure that the seed surface is completely wetted. Then gradually add the powder mixture, increase the speed to 150 r / min, and stir for 15 minutes until the powder is evenly attached to the seed surface.

[0035] Drying After coating, spread the seeds in a ventilated area and air dry for 4 hours at a temperature of 25°C.

[0036] Example 2 Preparation of aqueous solution Mix 25 parts of chitosan solution (1.5% concentration), 12 parts of gelatin solution (2.5% concentration), 25 parts of carbon enzyme preparation and 1 part of naphthaleneacetic acid solution in proportion, stir at 500 r / min for 5 minutes to obtain a uniform aqueous solution.

[0037] Powder mixing 5 parts of zinc sulfate monohydrate, 6 parts of nano-phosphate fertilizer, 7 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 10 parts of polylactic acid and 1.5 parts of rotenone powder were put into a V-type mixer and stirred at 110 r / min for 12 minutes.

[0038] Coating operation Place 100 kg of corn seeds in a mixing barrel, start the mixer (speed 100 r / min), first spray 8 kg of aqueous solution, spray several times to ensure that the surface of the seeds is evenly moistened. Then, slowly add the mixed powder, increase the speed of the mixing barrel to 180 r / min, and continue stirring for 10 minutes to complete the coating operation.

[0039] Drying Dry the coated seeds under natural wind for 3 hours, and control the relative humidity at 50%-60%.

[0040] Example 3 Aqueous preparation 28 parts of chitosan solution (2% concentration), 14 parts of gelatin solution (2.5% concentration), 35 parts of carbon enzyme preparation and 2 parts of indoleacetic acid solution were added to a stirring barrel in sequence and stirred at 450 r / min for 7 minutes to prepare an aqueous solution.

[0041] Powder mixing 3 parts of zinc sulfate monohydrate, 10 parts of nano-phosphate fertilizer, 5 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 8 parts of cellulose acetate and 2 parts of azadirachtin powder were added into a horizontal ribbon mixer and stirred at a speed of 100 r / min for 5 minutes to form a powder mixture.

[0042] Coating steps Add 100 kg corn seeds into the mixing barrel, start the mixer, and spray 12 kg of the aqueous solution. After the surface of the seeds is moistened, gradually add the powder mixture, increase the speed to 150 r / min, and continue stirring for 15 minutes.

[0043] Drying operation After coating, air-dry at 25°C and 45% relative humidity for 4 hours.

[0044] Example 4 Aqueous preparation Mix 30 parts of chitosan solution (1.5% concentration), 15 parts of gelatin solution (2% concentration), 20 parts of carbon enzyme preparation and 1 part of gibberellin aqueous solution, stir for 5 minutes (speed 450r / min) to form a uniform aqueous solution.

[0045] Powder mixing 4 parts of zinc sulfate monohydrate, 8 parts of nano-phosphate fertilizer, 7 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 12 parts of polylactic acid and 1.5 parts of matrine powder were added into a V-type mixer at a speed of 100 r / min and stirred for 10 minutes.

[0046] Coating steps Place 100 kg of corn seeds in a mixing bucket and spray 10 kg of aqueous solution to ensure uniform coverage. Then, gradually sprinkle the powder, increase the speed to 180r / min, stir for 12 minutes, and complete the coating.

[0047] Drying operation The coated seeds were spread out in an air-drying room at 28°C and air-dried for 3.5 hours.

[0048] Example 5 Preparation of aqueous solution Add 26 parts of chitosan solution (2% concentration), 12 parts of gelatin solution (3% concentration), 30 parts of carbon enzyme preparation and 2 parts of naphthaleneacetic acid solution into a stirring barrel, stir at a speed of 400r / min for 6 minutes to prepare an aqueous solution.

[0049] Powder mixing 5 parts of zinc sulfate monohydrate, 7 parts of nano-phosphate fertilizer, 6 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 14 parts of cellulose acetate and 2 parts of matrine powder were put into a horizontal ribbon mixer at a speed of 95 r / min and stirred for 8 minutes.

[0050] Coating steps 100 kg of corn seeds were stirred at low speed (100 r / min) in a mixing barrel and 9 kg of aqueous solution was sprayed. Then the powder mixture was added, the speed of the mixing barrel was increased to 150 r / min, and mixing was continued for 10 minutes.

[0051] Drying The coated seeds were dried in natural wind for 4 hours at room temperature of 24°C.

[0052] Comparative Example 1: Lack of coating process for carbonase preparation (Corresponding to Example 1, the effects of the carbon enzyme preparation are compared) Preparation of aqueous solution 30 parts of chitosan solution (2% concentration), 15 parts of gelatin solution (3% concentration) and 1.5 parts of gibberellin aqueous solution were mixed, and the stirring barrel was rotated at 400 r / min for 8 minutes to prepare an aqueous solution. No carbon enzyme preparation was added to the aqueous solution.

[0053] Powder mixing 3 parts of zinc sulfate monohydrate, 8 parts of nano-phosphate fertilizer, 6 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 10 parts of cellulose acetate and 2 parts of matrine powder were added into a double-screw mixer at a speed of 90 r / min and stirred for 10 minutes.

[0054] Coating operation 100 kg of corn seeds were placed in a mixing barrel, stirred at a low speed (100 r / min), and 10 kg of aqueous solution was sprayed to wet the surface. Then the powder mixture was added, the speed of the mixing barrel was increased to 150 r / min, and stirred for 15 minutes to complete the coating.

[0055] Drying The coated seeds were spread in a ventilated area and air-dried at 25°C for 4 hours.

[0056] Comparative Example 2: Coating process using traditional zinc sulfate (Corresponding to Example 2, comparison is made on the selection of zinc sulfate monohydrate) Preparation of aqueous solution An aqueous solution was prepared by mixing 25 parts of chitosan solution (1.5% concentration), 12 parts of gelatin solution (2.5% concentration), 25 parts of carbon enzyme preparation and 1 part of naphthylacetic acid solution, and stirring at 500 r / min for 5 minutes.

[0057] Powder mixing Use zinc sulfate powder (3 parts) instead of zinc sulfate monohydrate, and put it into a V-type mixer together with 6 parts of nano-phosphate fertilizer, 7 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 10 parts of polylactic acid, and 1.5 parts of rotenone powder, and stir at a speed of 110 r / min for 12 minutes.

[0058] Coating operation 100 kg of corn seeds were placed in a mixing barrel, stirred at a low speed (100 r / min), and 8 kg of aqueous solution was sprayed. Then the powder mixture was gradually added, the speed of the mixing barrel was increased to 180 r / min, and stirring was continued for 10 minutes to complete the coating.

[0059] Drying The coated seeds were dried in natural wind for 3 hours.

[0060] Comparative Example 3: Coating process without controlled release substrate (Corresponding to Example 3, comparison is made with respect to the controlled release substrate) Aqueous preparation An aqueous solution was prepared by mixing 28 parts of chitosan solution (2% concentration), 14 parts of gelatin solution (2.5% concentration), 35 parts of carbon enzyme preparation and 2 parts of indoleacetic acid solution, and stirring at 450 r / min for 7 minutes.

[0061] Powder mixing 3 parts of zinc sulfate monohydrate, 10 parts of nano-phosphate fertilizer, 5 parts of Bacillus subtilis, and 2 parts of azadirachtin powder (without adding cellulose acetate or polylactic acid controlled-release matrix) were mixed in a horizontal ribbon mixer at a speed of 100 r / min for 5 minutes to prepare a powder.

[0062] Coating steps Add 100 kg corn seeds into the mixing barrel, stir at low speed (100 r / min), and spray 12 kg of aqueous solution. After wetting, gradually sprinkle the powder mixture, increase the speed of the mixing barrel to 150 r / min, stir for 15 minutes, and complete the coating.

[0063] Drying The coated seeds are spread out to air dry at a temperature of 25°C and a humidity of 50% for 4 hours.

[0064] Comparative Example 4: Coating process without using Bacillus subtilis (Corresponding to Example 4, comparison with biological bacterial agents) Aqueous preparation 30 parts of chitosan solution (1.5% concentration), 15 parts of gelatin solution (2% concentration), 20 parts of carbon enzyme preparation and 1 part of gibberellin aqueous solution were mixed and stirred at 450r / min for 5 minutes.

[0065] Powder mixing 4 parts of zinc sulfate monohydrate, 8 parts of nano-phosphate fertilizer, 12 parts of polylactic acid, and 1.5 parts of matrine powder (without adding Bacillus subtilis) were added into a V-type mixer and stirred at a speed of 100 r / min for 10 minutes.

[0066] Coating steps 100 kg of corn seeds were placed in a mixing barrel, and 10 kg of aqueous solution was sprayed to wet the surface. Then the powder mixture was added, and the speed of the mixing barrel was increased to 180 r / min. The mixing was continued for 12 minutes to complete the coating.

[0067] Drying operation The coated seeds were spread out at room temperature of 28°C and allowed to air dry for 3.5 hours.

[0068] Comparative Example 5: Coating process without using matrine (Comparison with Example 5 on the selection of pesticides) Preparation of aqueous solution 26 parts of chitosan solution (2% concentration), 12 parts of gelatin solution (3% concentration), 30 parts of carbon enzyme preparation and 2 parts of naphthylacetic acid solution were mixed, and stirred at 400 r / min for 6 minutes to prepare an aqueous solution.

[0069] Powder mixing 5 parts of zinc sulfate monohydrate, 7 parts of nano-phosphate fertilizer, 6 parts of Bacillus subtilis, and 14 parts of cellulose acetate (without adding matrine powder) were stirred in a horizontal ribbon mixer at a speed of 95 r / min for 8 minutes.

[0070] Coating steps 100 kg corn seeds were placed in a mixing barrel, stirred at a low speed (100 r / min), and 9 kg of aqueous solution was gradually sprayed. Then the powder mixture was added, the speed of the mixing barrel was increased to 150 r / min, and the mixing was continued for 10 minutes to complete the coating.

[0071] Drying The coated seeds were spread out and air-dried for 4 hours at room temperature of 24°C.

[0072] Experiment 1: Verifying the effect of carbon enzyme preparation on low temperature germination performance Experimental Description 1. Experimental Materials The corn seed coating samples (containing carbon enzyme preparation) prepared in Example 1 are divided into 3 groups: Example 1-A, Example 1-B, and Example 1-C.

[0073] The corn seed coating samples prepared in Comparative Example 1 (without carbonase preparation) were divided into three groups: Comparative Example 1-A, Comparative Example 1-B, and Comparative Example 1-C.

[0074] 2. Experimental conditions Culture environment: temperature 15°C (low temperature condition), relative humidity 75%, light 12 hours / day, continuous culture for 7 days.

[0075] Culture equipment: artificial climate chamber.

[0076] Sowing method: Each group of seeds was evenly sown in the seedling tray, with 100 seeds in each tray, and 3 groups of samples were tested independently.

[0077] 3. Experimental Procedure Seed preparation: Select 3 groups of coated samples from Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, each with 100 seeds, and gently clean the surface to ensure uniformity.

[0078] Sowing: Sow each group of seeds in a seedling tray filled with sterilized substrate. The sowing depth is about 2 cm, the row spacing is uniform, and water is applied until the substrate is saturated.

[0079] Cultivation conditions: Place the seedling tray in an artificial climate box, set at 15°C, 75% humidity and 12 hours of light. Check the moisture of the substrate every day and add appropriate amount of water if necessary.

[0080] Data recording: Observe and record the germination status every day and count the number of germinated seeds. Measure the seedling height on the 7th day and calculate the seedling uniformity (CV value = standard deviation / average plant height × 100%).

[0081] Experimental data Table 1 Effect of carbon enzyme preparation on germination performance under low temperature conditions Experimental Summary The introduction of carbon enzyme preparations significantly improved the germination rate of corn seeds under low temperature conditions, and showed stronger consistency. The germination rates of the three groups of data in Example 1 were all above 82%, while the germination rate of the comparative example 1 group was only between 61% and 63%. This difference shows that carbon enzyme preparations improve energy supply by enhancing carbon metabolism inside seeds, compensating for the problem of limited seed metabolism at low temperatures. The improvement in germination performance is obviously closely related to this physiological regulation mechanism.

[0082] The observed uniformity of the seedlings further confirmed the effect of the carbon enzyme preparation. The CV values ​​of uniformity of the three groups of seedlings in Example 1 were between 11% and 12%, which was significantly lower than 26% to 27% in Comparative Example 1. This shows that the seeds in the example were more uniform in germination and early growth stages, and the distribution of seedling vitality was relatively stable. In the comparative example, due to the lack of metabolic regulation of the carbon enzyme preparation, some seeds were delayed in germination, and the growth of seedlings was inconsistent, which ultimately led to uniformity deviation.

[0083] The above experimental results indicate that the introduction of carbon enzyme preparations not only improves the germination rate of seeds in low temperature environments, but also significantly improves the uniformity of seedlings. This improvement has a direct yield-increasing significance in field planting, especially in early spring low temperature or cold region planting environments, where its technical advantages are more prominent.

[0084] Experiment 2: Verifying the effect of zinc sulfate monohydrate on zinc absorption and seedling growth Experimental Description 1. Experimental Materials The corn seed coating samples (containing zinc sulfate monohydrate) prepared in Example 2 were divided into three groups: Example 2-A, Example 2-B, and Example 2-C.

[0085] The corn seed coating samples (containing traditional zinc sulfate) prepared in Comparative Example 2 were divided into three groups: Comparative Example 2-A, Comparative Example 2-B, and Comparative Example 2-C.

[0086] 2. Experimental conditions Field environment: The soil is neutral sandy loam, with a basic zinc content of 4ppm and an organic matter content of 2%.

[0087] Climate conditions: 25℃ average daily temperature, 60% humidity, 12 hours of sunshine, and consistent watering amount.

[0088] Planting cycle: 15 days, record seedling data regularly.

[0089] 3. Experimental Procedure Sowing: The coated seeds of Example 2 and Comparative Example 2 were sown in the field in groups, with each plot having an area of ​​2 square meters, 100 seeds per group, a row spacing of 20 cm, a plant spacing of 10 cm, and repeated 3 times (a total of 18 test plots).

[0090] Growth management: Avoid the use of other fertilizers and only keep the soil moist by watering evenly. During this period, all field management operations should be kept consistent.

[0091] Sample collection: On the 15th day, 10 plants were randomly selected from each group for root system and zinc content determination, and the sampling was repeated 3 times.

[0092] Test indicators: Root length (measured with a ruler) and root dry weight (dry and weigh), ICP-MS method was used to determine the zinc content of the plant. A photosynthesis meter (LI-6400) was used to test the photosynthesis rate of the leaves.

[0093] Experimental data Table 2 Effects of zinc sulfate monohydrate on seedling growth and zinc absorption Experimental Summary Zinc sulfate monohydrate as a coating ingredient significantly improves the root development, zinc absorption efficiency and photosynthesis capacity of corn seedlings. This improvement is not only reflected in the significant increase in root length and dry weight, but also in the stability of zinc content in the plant and the enhancement of photosynthesis rate. From the experimental data, it can be seen that the root length of the embodiment group is generally above 12 cm, while the comparative group is only in the range of 9-10 cm, indicating that zinc sulfate monohydrate promotes the in-depth development of the root system through a more efficient zinc release mode, laying the foundation for subsequent nutrient absorption and water utilization.

[0094] It is worth noting that the zinc content of the embodiment group was always maintained in the range of 33-35ppm, while that of the comparative group hovered between 25-27ppm. This shows that the absorption efficiency of traditional zinc sulfate is low, which may be due to its easy loss or insufficient activity, resulting in rapid dissipation of zinc in the soil. The coating method of zinc sulfate monohydrate significantly improves the zinc accumulation level of the plant by delaying the release of zinc and improving its absorption and utilization rate. At the same time, the increase in zinc content directly promotes the physiological activities of the plant. In the experiment, the photosynthetic rate of the embodiment group was more than 4μmol / m² / s higher than that of the comparative example, which is particularly critical for the rapid growth of seedlings.

[0095] The experiment also showed that the application of zinc sulfate monohydrate not only solved the problem of easy loss of traditional zinc sulfate, but also effectively compensated for the growth inhibition caused by insufficient zinc content in the soil. The increase in root dry weight further proved this point. The average dry weight of the embodiment group within 15 days was close to 1.7g, while the control group was only about 1.3g. This shows that zinc sulfate monohydrate has a stronger supporting effect on the root development of seedlings, enabling it to establish a stable nutrient absorption system earlier and faster. Overall, this improvement provides an efficient, precise and sustainable solution for zinc-poor soils or farmland environments with insufficient zinc supply.

[0096] Experiment 3: Verifying the effect of controlled-release substrate on nutrient release and seedling growth Experimental Description 1. Experimental Materials The coated corn seed samples (containing the controlled release matrix) of Example 3 are divided into three groups: Example 3-A, Example 3-B, and Example 3-C.

[0097] The coated corn seed samples of Comparative Example 3 (without controlled release matrix) were divided into 3 groups: Comparative Example 3-A, Comparative Example 3-B, and Comparative Example 3-C.

[0098] 2. Experimental conditions Field test environment: The soil type is loamy soil, with an initial phosphorus content of 6 ppm and a zinc content of 4 ppm.

[0099] Climate conditions: temperature 28℃, relative humidity 55%, light time 12 hours / day.

[0100] Experimental period: 21 days, data were collected and analyzed regularly.

[0101] 3. Experimental Procedure sowing: The two groups of samples were sown in the experimental field, with a plot area of ​​2 square meters, 100 seeds planted in each plot, 20 cm row spacing, 10 cm plant spacing, and 3 replicates per group (a total of 18 plots).

[0102] Field management: Keep the soil moist but do not add extra fertilizer, control the consistency of watering, and avoid the impact of external nutrient input on the results.

[0103] Data collection: Samples were taken every 3 days to record the concentrations of phosphorus and zinc in the soil (using chemical analysis methods) and to determine the release rate and content of the nutrients, respectively. At the end of the experiment (day 21), 10 seedlings from each group were randomly selected to measure plant height, stem diameter, and dry matter accumulation.

[0104] Experimental data Table 3 Effects of controlled release substrate on nutrient release and seedling growth Experimental Summary The effect of the controlled release substrate is particularly evident in the experiment. In the embodiment, the release rate of nutrients is significantly reduced, and the concentrations of phosphorus and zinc are maintained within a stable range within 21 days. This stability comes from the slow release mechanism of the controlled release substrate, which can accurately regulate the nutrient release rate, and work in synergy with soil moisture and temperature to avoid a large amount of early nutrient loss. In the comparative example, the nutrient release without the addition of the controlled release substrate is too fast, and the phosphorus and zinc concentrations in the soil increase rapidly in the short term, but decrease rapidly in the later stage, resulting in nutrient supply being difficult to cover the entire seedling growth cycle.

[0105] This difference is directly reflected in the growth performance of the seedlings. The seedling height, stem thickness and dry matter accumulation of the embodiment group are significantly higher than those of the control group. While maintaining the continuity of nutrient release, the controlled-release matrix also reduces the interference of nutrient concentration fluctuations on plant root absorption. In contrast, although the control group had a higher nutrient concentration in the initial stage, the nutrient shortage was caused by excessive release in the later stage, and the development of the seedlings was significantly restricted, showing signs of slowed or even stagnant growth.

[0106] The experimental results further prove that the controlled-release substrate not only optimizes the nutrient utilization efficiency, but also reduces the risk of nutrient loss in the environment. Compared with traditional coating technology, the embodiment group provides a longer-lasting and more stable nutrient supply solution for corn seeds in the seedling stage, especially in low organic matter or poor soil, where the role of the controlled-release substrate is more prominent. This design not only reflects technological innovation, but also directly solves the problem of uncontrolled nutrient release in coating in the prior art, providing an important reference for improving agricultural production efficiency.

[0107] Experiment 4: Verifying the inhibitory effect of Bacillus subtilis on soil-borne diseases Experimental Description 1. Experimental Materials The corn seed coating samples (containing Bacillus subtilis) prepared in Example 4 are divided into three groups: Example 4-A, Example 4-B, and Example 4-C.

[0108] The corn seed coating samples prepared in Comparative Example 4 (without Bacillus subtilis) were divided into three groups: Comparative Example 4-A, Comparative Example 4-B, and Comparative Example 4-C.

[0109] 2. Experimental conditions Disease inoculation: Use a mixture of root rot and smut pathogens with a concentration of 1×10 6 CFU / mL, inoculated in experimental soil to simulate a high disease pressure environment.

[0110] Test environment: soil moisture 70%, temperature 26℃, carried out under field test conditions.

[0111] Test period: 20 days, during which no additional fungicide was added.

[0112] 3. Experimental Procedure sowing: The coated seeds of Example 4 and Comparative Example 4 were sown in groups, with each plot having an area of ​​2 square meters and 100 seeds, and a row spacing of 20 cm and a plant spacing of 10 cm.

[0113] Each group was set up with 3 replicates, for a total of 18 experimental plots.

[0114] Disease treatment: After sowing, spray the pathogen mixture on the soil surface of each plot at a spraying rate of 2L / m² to ensure that the pathogens in the soil are evenly distributed.

[0115] Data Records: The occurrence of diseases in the plants was observed every 5 days, and the number of plants affected by root rot and smut was recorded.

[0116] At the end of the 20th day, the incidence rate was calculated (number of diseased strains / total number of strains × 100%), and the survival of Bacillus subtilis in each soil group was analyzed by plate count (CFU / g soil).

[0117] Experimental data Table 4 Inhibitory effect of Bacillus subtilis on soil-borne diseases of corn Experimental Summary The introduction of Bacillus subtilis effectively inhibited the occurrence of soil-borne diseases of corn, and this effect was due to its unique soil colonization ability and biological antagonism mechanism. In the example group, Bacillus subtilis competitively excluded the pathogens of root rot and smut by establishing a stable bacterial community in the soil, and at the same time secreted antibacterial substances to directly inhibit the reproduction of pathogens. The data showed that the incidence of diseases in the example group was significantly reduced, while the incidence of diseases in the control group was higher due to the lack of the protective effect of Bacillus subtilis, which further verified the dominant position of Bacillus subtilis in the soil microbial environment.

[0118] The experiment also found that the survival of Bacillus subtilis directly affects the inhibitory effect of the disease. In the embodiment group, the soil survival of Bacillus subtilis was maintained at a high level, indicating that it has good environmental adaptability and sustained action ability. This feature not only enhances the long-term prevention and control of diseases, but also plays an important role in improving the soil microecological environment. In the comparative group, the beneficial bacteria in the soil could not be effectively established, and the pathogens were able to spread rapidly, which ultimately led to a sharp increase in the incidence of diseases.

[0119] Overall, the introduction of Bacillus subtilis has significantly improved the growth environment of corn. It not only solves the problem of traditional chemical fungicides damaging the soil ecosystem, but also provides a green and sustainable means of disease control. The experimental results show that Bacillus subtilis effectively inhibits the occurrence of soil-borne diseases through multiple mechanisms such as competitive colonization and secretion of antibacterial substances, providing a solid guarantee for the healthy growth and high and stable yield of corn seeds. This technology breaks through the limitations of traditional disease control methods and is an innovative solution that truly meets the needs of modern agriculture.

[0120] Experiment 5: Verifying the control effect of matrine on underground pests Experimental Description 1. Experimental Materials The corn seed coating samples (containing matrine) prepared in Example 5 are divided into three groups: Example 5-A, Example 5-B, and Example 5-C.

[0121] The corn seed coating samples (without matrine) prepared in Comparative Example 5 were divided into three groups: Comparative Example 5-A, Comparative Example 5-B, and Comparative Example 5-C.

[0122] 2. Experimental conditions Soil treatment: Use loam rich in organic matter, inoculate with grub larvae, place 15 larvae per square meter, and mix them evenly into the soil surface to simulate the high-pressure environment of underground pests.

[0123] Test environment: temperature 28℃, humidity 50%, carried out under field simulation conditions.

[0124] Experimental period: 21 days.

[0125] 3. Experimental Procedure sowing: The coated seeds of Example 5 and Comparative Example 5 were sown in groups, with each plot covering an area of ​​2 square meters, 100 seeds planted, a row spacing of 20 cm, and a plant spacing of 10 cm.

[0126] Each group was set up with 3 replicates, for a total of 18 experimental plots.

[0127] Pest vaccination: After sowing, add cultivated grub larvae to the soil of each plot and bury them in the soil layer near the seeds to ensure that the pests can fully contact the seeds.

[0128] Field management: Without using other pesticides, keep the soil moist and water the same amount each time to avoid human interference with the experimental results.

[0129] Data Records: The soil near the seeds was randomly dug every 7 days, the number of live insects was recorded and the pest mortality rate was calculated.

[0130] At the end of the experiment (21 days), the proportion of damaged seeds (number of damaged seeds / total number of seeds × 100%) and seedling loss rate (number of dead seedlings / total number of seedlings × 100%) were calculated.

[0131] Experimental data Table 5 Experimental data on the control effect of matrine on underground pests grubs Experimental Summary As a botanical insecticide, matrine has shown remarkable effects in underground pest control. Experimental data show that the mortality rate of pests in the embodiment group is as high as over 80%, while that in the control group is only about 30%. This difference is not accidental, but the result of the natural insecticidal activity of matrine combined with direct toxicity and behavioral inhibition. In the embodiment group, matrine blocks the nerve conduction of pests through contact action, causing the grubs to quickly lose their ability to move. At the same time, its volatile components inhibit the foraging behavior of pests, fundamentally reducing the loss of seeds and seedlings. Due to the lack of insecticidal protection in the control group, the grubs caused extremely serious damage to seeds and seedlings, causing significant losses.

[0132] On the other hand, the proportion of damaged seeds and seedling loss rate in the embodiment group were significantly lower than those in the control group. This shows that matrine not only has an efficient lethal effect on pests, but can also maintain a protective barrier through long-lasting residues. The continuous release of matrine always poses a threat to pests during the experimental period, preventing them from invading again. In contrast, the control group suffered a large amount of seed damage due to active pests in the early stage of the experiment, and further damage in the seedling stage aggravated the overall loss of the population. This comparison clearly reveals the multiple protection mechanisms of matrine in the control of underground pests.

[0133] The experimental results also indirectly reflect the environmental protection and application value of matrine. Traditional chemical pesticides are usually accompanied by high environmental risks, while matrine, as a plant-based pesticide, is not only efficient and safe, but also can be rapidly degraded in the soil, avoiding potential problems such as groundwater pollution. This characteristic makes it more suitable for long-term application in agricultural production. Combined with the experimental data, matrine provides a green and sustainable solution for the prevention and control of underground pests, while ensuring the safe growth of seeds and seedlings. This technology has set an important benchmark for the healthy development of modern agriculture.

[0134] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A corn seed coating method that is beneficial to corn seedling growth and yield increase, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Preparation of coating: The coating includes powder and aqueous solution; Seed preparation: Place corn seeds in a mixing bucket; Aqueous agent spraying: During the stirring process, spray the aqueous agent solution evenly on the surface of the seeds; Powder sprinkler: sprinkle the powder into the mixing bucket and continue to stir, so that the powder adheres to the water agent layer on the surface of the seeds; Drying process: Spread the coated seeds to dry naturally.

2. A corn seed coating method that is beneficial to corn seedling growth and yield increase according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the powder, aqueous solution and seeds are mixed, the speed of the stirring barrel is 100-110 r / min. After the powder is sprinkled into the stirring barrel, the speed of the stirring barrel is increased to 150-200 r / min, and stirring is continued for 10-15 minutes; During the drying process, air dry for 3-4 hours.

3. The method for coating corn seeds according to claim 1, which is beneficial to the growth of corn seedlings and the increase of yield, is characterized in that: The powder comprises the following components in parts by weight: Zinc sulfate monohydrate: 2-5 parts; Nano phosphate fertilizer: 5-10 parts; Bacillus subtilis: 5-8 parts; Controlled release matrix: 8-14 parts; Insecticide: 1-3 parts; The aqueous solution comprises the following components in parts by weight: Chitosan solution: 20-34 parts; Gelatin solution: 10-18 parts; Carbonase preparation: 15-40 parts; Regulator: 0.5-3 parts.

4. A corn seed coating method that is beneficial to corn seedling growth and yield increase according to claim 3, characterized in that: The nano-phosphate fertilizer is pulverized by a pulverizer before mixing, and the particle size is 100-300nm.

5. The method for coating corn seeds according to claim 3, which is beneficial to increasing corn seedling strength and yield, is characterized in that: The controlled release matrix includes one or more of cellulose acetate or polylactic acid.

6. The method for coating corn seeds according to claim 3, which is beneficial to increasing corn seedling strength and yield, is characterized in that: The insecticide comprises one or more of matrine powder, azadirachtin powder or rotenone powder.

7. The method for coating corn seeds according to claim 3, which is beneficial to strengthening corn seedlings and increasing yield, is characterized in that: The concentration of the chitosan solution is 1%-2%, the concentration of the gelatin solution is 2%-3%, and the regulator includes one or more of gibberellin aqueous solution, naphthaleneacetic acid solution or indoleacetic acid solution.

8. The method for coating corn seeds according to claim 3, which is beneficial to strengthening corn seedlings and increasing yield, is characterized in that: The powder is mixed with: When using a V-type mixer: speed: 100-120r / min, mixing time: 5-15min; When using a double-screw mixer: speed: 90-100r / min, mixing time: 3-10min.

9. The method for coating corn seeds according to claim 3, which is beneficial to strengthening corn seedlings and increasing yield, is characterized in that: The aqueous solution is mixed with: Pour the chitosan solution, gelatin solution, carbon enzyme preparation and regulator into a stirring barrel, and stir at a speed of 400-500r / min for 5-10min.

10. The method for coating corn seeds according to claim 3, which is beneficial to strengthening corn seedlings and increasing yield, is characterized in that: The mass ratio of the powder, the aqueous solution and the seeds is (5-8): (10-12): (100-110).

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