Chemical removal device and method for harmful elements in tailings

Abstract

The invention discloses a chemical removal device and method for harmful elements in tailings, and the method comprises the following steps: S00, crushing the tailings by using a crusher, screening the crushed tailings by using a screen, and adding the screened tailings into a reaction kettle; s10, a chemical agent is added into the reaction kettle through a chemical adding device, the materials in the kettle are stirred through the reaction kettle to be fully mixed, and the tailings react in the initial reaction cavity, the middle reaction cavity, the later-stage reaction cavity and the final-stage reaction cavity in sequence; s20, after the materials fully react in the reaction kettle, a solid-liquid mixture flows out of a discharging opening to a solid-liquid separator, and separated solids are further detected; s30, the liquid obtained after solid-liquid separation is treated in a purifier; according to the scheme, the diameters of the initial reaction cavity, the middle reaction cavity, the later reaction cavity and the final reaction cavity are sequentially reduced in the tailing treatment direction, so that the concentration of reactants can be increased cavity by cavity, the stirring effect can be improved cavity by cavity, and the reaction strength and efficiency are enhanced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of tailings treatment, and in particular to a device and method for chemically removing harmful elements from tailings. Background Art

[0002] Tailings are the remaining materials after ore is crushed, beneficiated or smelted. They have a complex chemical composition and may contain toxic and harmful elements such as arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn).

[0003] The chemical treatment methods for tailings mainly include chemical leaching and chemical precipitation. Chemical leaching is to dissolve harmful elements in tailings into the leaching solution through chemical reactions, thereby achieving separation and removal. For example, acid leaching can effectively remove harmful metal elements in tailings, and alkaline leaching can effectively remove arsenic (As). Chemical precipitation is to add chemical reagents to form insoluble precipitates of harmful elements in tailings, thereby achieving removal, such as adding sulfides or hydroxides to tailings to precipitate heavy metal ions.

[0004] When using chemical removal methods to treat tailings, it is necessary to carry out the process in a reactor, and in order to ensure a full reaction, stirring is required during the reaction. Conventional stirring methods have low reaction efficiency between tailings particles and chemical reagents, resulting in average tailings treatment effects. Therefore, a highly efficient device for chemically removing harmful elements from tailings is needed. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to propose a device and method for chemical removal of harmful elements in tailings, by improving the reaction efficiency of tailings particles and chemical reagents in the reactor, thereby improving the chemical removal effect of harmful elements in tailings.

[0006] To achieve this object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] The present invention provides a chemical removal device for harmful elements in tailings, which comprises a crusher, a reactor, a solid-liquid separator and a purifier in sequence according to the tailings processing direction. The reactor comprises a detachably connected reactor body and a reactor cover, the reactor cover is also provided with a feeding port, a screen is provided in the feeding port, a reaction chamber and a stirring assembly matched with the reaction chamber are provided in the reactor body, the reaction chamber is a four-step chamber, and three layers of partition plates are also provided in the reaction chamber, and the three layers of partition plates divide the reaction chamber into an initial reaction chamber, an intermediate reaction chamber, a later reaction chamber and a final reaction chamber according to the tailings processing direction; the initial reaction chamber, the intermediate reaction chamber, the later reaction chamber and the final reaction chamber; The diameters of the initial reaction chamber and the final reaction chamber decrease in sequence according to the tailings processing direction; the stirring assembly includes a stirring motor and a stirring shaft coaxially arranged with the kettle body, the stirring motor is arranged on the top of the kettle cover to drive the stirring shaft to rotate, and the stirring shaft is segmented with agitators cooperating with the initial reaction chamber, the intermediate reaction chamber, the late reaction chamber and the final reaction chamber; a discharge port is arranged at the bottom of the kettle body, the discharge port is connected to the final reaction chamber, and a discharge valve is arranged at the discharge port; a display controller is also arranged on the kettle body, and the display controller is connected to the stirring motor, the reaction block and the discharge valve.

[0008] The agitator includes a stirring ring matched with the stirring shaft, the stirring ring is fixedly provided with a plurality of stirring blades along the circumferential direction, the stirring shaft and the stirring ring are provided with matching fixing holes, during assembly, a fixing pin is inserted into the fixing hole to fix the stirring ring on the stirring shaft; the stirring shaft is provided with a downward rotating part near the bottom of the kettle body, and the stirring shaft is provided with an upward rotating part near the top of the kettle body, and the downward rotating part and the upward rotating part are rotatably connected to the stirring shaft.

[0009] The invention also comprises four reaction blocks, wherein the initial reaction chamber, the intermediate reaction chamber, the late reaction chamber and the final reaction chamber are provided with four connecting grooves on the kettle body for matching with the four reaction blocks, the four connecting grooves are evenly arranged along the axis of the kettle body, the reaction blocks are plug-connected with the connecting grooves, a plurality of ultrasonic generators are arranged on one side of the reaction blocks close to the reaction chambers, the cavity segment frequency of the ultrasonic generator in the initial reaction chamber is 20-40kHz, the cavity segment frequency of the ultrasonic generator in the intermediate reaction chamber is 40-80kHz, the cavity segment frequency of the ultrasonic generator in the late reaction chamber is 80-100kHz, and the cavity segment frequency of the ultrasonic generator in the final reaction chamber is 100-200kHz.

[0010] It also includes a drug doser, the kettle body is provided with a main drug port and a secondary drug port that cooperate with the drug doser, and the reaction block is also provided with a plurality of drug dischargers on the side close to the reaction chamber, the main drug port and the secondary drug port are connected to the drug discharger through a preset pipeline in the kettle body, and when adding medicine, the drug doser is connected to the main drug port and the secondary drug port.

[0011] In order to actively adjust the flow of materials, the partition plate includes a fixed plate and a movable plate, and the fixed plate is provided with a telescopic cavity cooperating with the movable plate. When material needs to be unloaded, the movable plate is retracted into the telescopic cavity; the fixed plate is rotatably connected to the stirring shaft, a fixed block is fixedly provided at the bottom of the movable plate, and the bottoms of the initial reaction chamber, the intermediate reaction chamber and the later reaction chamber are provided with fixed grooves cooperating with the fixed block. During assembly, the fixed block is arranged in the fixed groove.

[0012] A chemical removal method for harmful elements in tailings adopts the above-mentioned removal device, and mainly comprises the following steps: S00: crushing the tailings by a crusher, screening the crushed tailings by a screen and adding them to a reactor; S10: adding chemical agents to the reactor by a doser, stirring the materials in the reactor by the reactor to make them fully mixed, and the tailings react in the initial reaction chamber, the intermediate reaction chamber, the late reaction chamber and the final reaction chamber in sequence; S20: after the materials are fully reacted in the reactor, the solid-liquid mixture flows out from the discharge port to the solid-liquid separator, and the separated solids are further tested, and if they do not meet the standards, the process returns to step S10;

[0013] S30: treating the liquid after solid-liquid separation in a purifier; in step S10, using a display controller to accurately control the concentration of chemical agents added in each reaction chamber, and adjusting the intensity of the sound waves at the same time.

[0014] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0015] (1) In this case, the reactor chamber is divided into an initial reaction chamber, an intermediate reaction chamber, a late reaction chamber and a final reaction chamber according to the four stages of chemical removal. This allows the tailings to be processed in chambers of different diameters at different reaction stages, thereby better meeting the reaction requirements at different stages. The four chambers are independent of each other, allowing for the establishment of differentiated reaction environments;

[0016] (2) By decreasing the diameters of the initial reaction chamber, the intermediate reaction chamber, the late reaction chamber and the final reaction chamber in the tailings treatment direction, it is helpful to increase the concentration of the reactants in each chamber. A smaller diameter helps to increase the concentration of the reactants, which can improve the stirring effect in each chamber, enhance the intensity and efficiency of the reaction, and at the same time, the four-step structure with the partition plate can flexibly adjust the space and residence time ratio of the materials in each chamber, which is suitable for treating tailings with different mineral compositions;

[0017] (3) By applying ultrasonic waves of different frequencies, the reaction effect can be improved at different stages of the tailings chemical reaction. The selection of specific frequencies needs to be adjusted and optimized according to the properties of the tailings and the reaction conditions. By reasonably applying ultrasonic waves, the leaching rate of the tailings can be significantly improved, the reaction time can be reduced, and the reagent consumption can be reduced, thereby improving the efficiency and economy of tailings treatment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 It is an overall schematic diagram of a reactor in a device for chemically removing harmful elements from tailings provided in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 2 It is an overall schematic diagram from another perspective of a reactor in a device for chemically removing harmful elements from tailings provided in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the principle of a reactor in a device for chemically removing harmful elements from tailings provided in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of an explosion of a reactor in a chemical removal device for harmful elements in tailings provided in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of an explosion from another perspective of a reactor in a device for chemically removing harmful elements from tailings provided in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the reaction block;

[0024] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the structure in the kettle;

[0025] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the structure in the kettle from a top-down perspective;

[0026] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the structure when the moving plate is retracted into the telescopic cavity;

[0027] Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the structure when the moving plate extends out of the telescopic cavity;

[0028] Fig.11 It is a schematic diagram of the structure when the moving plate extends out and the telescopic cavity is closed;

[0029] Fig.12 is a schematic diagram of the structure from the bottom perspective when the moving plate extends out of the telescopic cavity and is closed;

[0030] Fig.13This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the agitator before the agitator shaft is inserted;

[0031] Fig.14 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the agitator after the agitator shaft is inserted;

[0032] In the figure:

[0033] 1. Kettle body;

[0034] 101, initial reaction chamber; 102, intermediate reaction chamber; 103, late reaction chamber; 104, final reaction chamber;

[0035] 12. stirring assembly; 121. stirring motor; 122. stirring shaft; 123. stirrer; 1231. stirring ring; 1232. stirring blade; 124. fixing hole; 125. lower rotating part; 126. upper rotating part;

[0036] 13, partition plate; 131, fixed plate; 132, movable plate; 1311, telescopic cavity; 1312, fixed block;

[0037] 14. connection slot; 141. connection point;

[0038] 15. Main medicine port;

[0039] 16. Auxiliary medicine outlet;

[0040] 17. Fixed slot;

[0041] 18. Discharge port;

[0042] 19. Display controller;

[0043] 2. Cauldron cover;

[0044] 21. Feeding port;

[0045] 3. Reaction block;

[0046] 31. Ultrasonic generator; 32. Medicine dispenser. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] The technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and through specific implementation methods.

[0048] When using chemical methods to remove harmful elements from tailings, it is mainly divided into four stages. The first stage is the initial stage. Due to the direct contact between the minerals on the surface of the tailings and the chemical agents, the reaction rate is relatively fast in this stage; the second stage is the intermediate stage. In this stage, as the reaction proceeds, the minerals inside the tailings are gradually exposed and react with the chemical agents, and the reaction rate will accelerate; the third stage is the late stage. In this stage, most of the easily reactive minerals in the tailings have been leached, and the reaction rate gradually decreases; the fourth stage is the final stage. In this stage, the reaction is nearly completed and most of the target minerals in the tailings have been leached; in these four stages, the contact and mixing effect between the tailings and the chemical agents mainly affects the efficiency of tailings treatment. In this way, for these four stages, by improving the stirring and mixing efficiency in the reactor, the contact and mixing effect between the tailings and the chemical agents can be improved to achieve a good removal effect of harmful elements in the tailings. Therefore, the present invention provides a chemical removal device for harmful elements in tailings, which includes, in order according to the tailings treatment direction The crusher, reactor, solid-liquid separator and purifier are used to crush the tailings first to increase the contact area between the tailings and the chemical agent as much as possible, and then put them into the reactor for reaction, and then separate the solid-liquid mixture after chemical removal, and finally collect and purify the solid and liquid separately. The reactor includes a detachably connected reactor body 1 and a reactor cover 2, and the reactor cover 2 is also provided with a feed port 21, and a screen is provided in the feed port 21, so that when adding materials into the reactor, a screen can be performed again. The bottom of the kettle body 1 is provided with a discharge port 18, the discharge port 18 is connected with the final reaction chamber 104, and the discharge port 18 is provided with a discharge valve; the kettle body 1 is provided with a reaction chamber and a stirring assembly 12 matched with the reaction chamber, the reaction chamber is a four-step chamber, and a three-layer partition plate 13 is also provided in the reaction chamber. According to the four stages of chemical removal mentioned above, the three-layer partition plate 13 divides the reaction chamber into an initial reaction chamber 101, an intermediate reaction chamber 102, a late reaction chamber 103 and a final reaction chamber 104 according to the tailings treatment direction;The diameters of the initial reaction chamber 101, the intermediate reaction chamber 102, the late reaction chamber 103 and the final reaction chamber 104 decrease in sequence along the tailings treatment direction, so that the tailings can be treated in chambers of different diameters at different reaction stages, thereby better adapting to the reaction requirements at different stages, that is, the initial reaction chamber 101, the intermediate reaction chamber 102, the late reaction chamber 103 and the final reaction chamber 104 are designed in series, and the four chambers are independent of each other, allowing the establishment of a differentiated reaction environment (each chamber can independently control parameters such as temperature and reagent dosage, and the temperature control component is not drawn in the attached drawings, but under the structure of the above-mentioned reactor in this case, no creative labor is required, and a temperature control component can be separately configured for each chamber, which will not be repeated here). For example, the initial reaction chamber 101 has Larger diameter: A larger diameter can provide a wider space, so that the tailings and chemical agents can be fully contacted, promote the initial reaction, and perform rapid acid / alkali leaching. In the subsequent chambers, since the diameter decreases gradually, it is helpful to increase the concentration of the reactants chamber by chamber, and a smaller diameter helps to increase the concentration of the reactants, which can improve the stirring effect chamber by chamber and enhance the intensity and efficiency of the reaction; at the same time, the intermediate reaction chamber 102 can also realize pH gradient adjustment, the late reaction chamber 103 is equipped with a selective precipitant, and the final reaction chamber 104 (small diameter chamber) completes deep purification; at the same time, the partition plate 13 effectively suppresses the reverse mixing of materials in different reaction stages. This structure can reduce the back-mixing coefficient to less than 1 / 5 of the traditional stirred tank, ensuring the timing of the reaction process at each stage. ;

[0049] In the process of the reaction between the tailings and the chemical agent, it is also necessary to add the agent and fully stir. Preferably, the stirring assembly 12 includes a stirring motor 121 and a stirring shaft 122 coaxially arranged with the kettle body 1. The stirring motor 121 is arranged on the top of the kettle cover 2 to drive the stirring shaft 122 to rotate. The stirring shaft 122 is segmented with a stirrer 123 that cooperates with the initial reaction chamber 101, the intermediate reaction chamber 102, the late reaction chamber 103 and the final reaction chamber 104. For the convenience of assembly, the stirrer 123 includes a stirring ring 1231 that cooperates with the stirring shaft 122. The stirring ring 1231 is fixedly provided with a stirring ring 1231 along the circumference. A plurality of stirring blades 1232, a stirring shaft 122 and a stirring ring 1231 are provided with matching fixing holes 124. During assembly, a fixing pin is inserted into the fixing hole 124 to fix the stirring ring 1231 on the stirring shaft 122. In order to ensure stability during rotation, the stirring shaft 122 is provided with a downward rotating member 125 near the bottom of the kettle body 1, and the stirring shaft 122 is provided with an upward rotating member 126 near the top of the kettle body 1. The downward rotating member 125 and the upward rotating member 126 are rotatably connected to the stirring shaft 122, so that the stirring motor 121 drives the stirring shaft 122 to rotate to stir and mix the materials in each chamber.

[0050] The kettle body 1 also includes a drug doser, and a main drug port 15 and a secondary drug port 16 that cooperate with the drug doser are provided on the kettle body 1. In order to dosing for each chamber separately, four reaction blocks 3 are also included. Four connecting grooves 14 that cooperate with the four reaction blocks 3 are opened on the kettle body 1 for the initial reaction chamber 101, the intermediate reaction chamber 102, the late reaction chamber 103 and the final reaction chamber 104. The four connecting grooves 14 are evenly arranged along the axis of the kettle body 1. The reaction blocks 3 and the connecting grooves 14 are plugged and connected. A plurality of drug dischargers 32 are also provided on the side of the reaction block 3 close to the reaction chamber. The main drug port 15 and the secondary drug port 16 are connected to the drug discharger 32 through a preset pipeline in the kettle body 1 (the connecting pipeline is not drawn in the figure because it is preset in the kettle body). When adding medicine, the drug doser is connected to the main drug port 15 and the secondary drug port 16; in order to accurately control the reaction process of the reactor, a display controller 19 is also provided on the kettle body 1, and the display controller 19 is connected to the stirring motor 121, the reaction block 3 and the discharge valve.

[0051] In order to control the flow of reaction materials in each chamber, the partition plate 13 includes a fixed plate 131 and a movable plate 132. A telescopic cavity 1311 cooperating with the movable plate 132 is provided in the fixed plate 131. When material is required to be unloaded, the movable plate 132 is retracted into the telescopic cavity 1311; so that the material can flow from the previous chamber to the next chamber, and then when it is required to be processed in a certain chamber, the movable plate 132 extends out of the telescopic cavity 1311 to close the corresponding chamber. In this way, not only can the reaction conditions in the chamber be flexibly adjusted, but also the reaction time of the material in the chamber can be increased to improve the reaction effect. In order to prevent the rotation of the stirring shaft 122 from affecting the partition plate 13, the fixed plate 131 and the stirring shaft 122 are rotatably connected (sealing is required here, and the same applies to other places that require sealing). A fixed block 1312 is fixedly provided at the bottom of the moving plate 132. A fixed groove 17 that cooperates with the fixed block 1312 is provided at the bottom of the initial reaction chamber 101, the intermediate reaction chamber 102 and the later reaction chamber 103. During assembly, the fixed block 1312 is arranged in the fixed groove 17, so that the stirring shaft 122 will not drive the partition plate 13 to rotate when rotating, so that the partition plate 13 can operate normally.

[0052] It should be further explained that the above-mentioned reactor adopts the characteristics of modular design. During assembly, the reaction block 3 is first inserted into the reactor body 1, and then the doser is connected to test whether the drug dispenser 32 and the ultrasonic generator 31 on the reaction block 3 can work normally. In order to facilitate the connection with the reaction block 3, a connection point 141 is also provided in the connection groove 14 to supply power to the drug dispenser 32 and the ultrasonic generator 31; then the lower rotating member 125 and the bottom of the reactor body 1 are fixed first, the stirring shaft 122 is installed in the reaction chamber and rotatably connected to the lower rotating member 125, and the stirrer 123 that matches the final reaction chamber 104 is inserted into the stirring shaft 122 and fixed, and then the corresponding The first layer of partition plate 13 is assembled, and the later reaction chamber 103, the intermediate reaction chamber 102, and the initial reaction chamber 101 are assembled layer by layer according to this step, that is, in order from high to low (in order from small to large diameter). In order to facilitate assembly, the diameter of the stirring shaft 122 matches each chamber, and the diameter decreases in order from high to low. Finally, the rotating piece 126 is installed on the top of the stirring shaft; finally, the kettle body 1 and the kettle cover 2 are connected, and the stirring motor 121 matched with the stirring shaft 122 is installed on the kettle cover 2; this structure allows each part of the reactor to be independently repaired and replaced, and the maintenance efficiency is increased by 40% compared with the traditional integral reactor, which is particularly suitable for working conditions containing corrosive reagents.

[0053] Preferably, in order to further improve the reaction effect in each chamber, the cavitation effect of ultrasound can be used to destroy the surface structure of the tailings particles, increase the specific surface area, and promote the contact between the chemical agent and the mineral. A plurality of ultrasonic generators 31 are arranged on one side of the reaction chamber of the reaction block 3. The cavity segment frequency of the ultrasonic generator 31 in the initial reaction chamber 101 is 20-40kHz. The minerals in the tailings begin to contact and react with the chemical reagents. The reaction rate is fast and the energy is large, which can effectively destroy the surface structure of the mineral.

[0054] The frequency of the ultrasonic generator 31 in the middle reaction chamber 102 is 40-80kHz. The minerals inside the tailings are gradually exposed and react with the chemical reagents. The reaction rate may be accelerated due to the crushing of mineral particles and the exposure of new surfaces. Ultrasonic waves can further promote the crushing and dispersion of minerals and enhance the diffusion rate of chemical reagents.

[0055] The cavity frequency of the ultrasonic generator 31 in the later reaction chamber 103 is 80-100kHz. Most of the reactive minerals in the tailings have been leached out, and the reaction rate gradually decreases. At this time, the main limiting factor may be the diffusion resistance of the chemical reagent or the solubility of the mineral. At this time, the ultrasonic wave can continue to promote the diffusion of the chemical reagent, reduce the diffusion resistance, and improve the reaction efficiency.

[0056] The cavity frequency of the ultrasonic generator 31 in the final reaction chamber 104 is 100-200kHz, the reaction is nearly completed, most of the target minerals in the tailings have been leached, and the remaining minerals may be difficult to further leached due to low solubility or insufficient reaction conditions. At this time, high-frequency ultrasonic waves can continue to act on the remaining minerals, break their structures, further improve the leaching rate, and act more effectively on the remaining minerals.

[0057] As a further improvement, on the basis of the above scheme, in order to adjust the ultrasonic generator 31 of each chamber to the optimal cavity frequency and the drug dispenser 32 to the optimal dosage during the chemical treatment process of the reactor, a sampling port can be set in each reaction chamber (a filter can be set so that solids smaller than a certain filter can pass through), and each sampling port is respectively connected to an automatic weighing and drying device, which is used to dry the sample after pumping in a predetermined volume of sample, and then weigh it, and calculate the crushed particle size and harmful element content of the solid in the sample; this is because the crushing degree of the tailings in the ultrasonic wave and the dosing concentration directly affect the leaching efficiency of harmful elements. The present invention can quickly obtain the crushing degree and harmful element content of the tailings during the reaction process through the setting of the automatic weighing and drying device, thereby realizing accurate control of the ultrasonic generator 31 and the drug dispenser 32. For example, during the reaction process of the initial reaction chamber 101, the solid crushing particle size and harmful element content can be tested in multiple stages to determine whether it is increased according to the empirical model. If so, the reaction is judged to be normal, otherwise the reaction is judged to be abnormal. Specifically, if the reaction leaching rate is low due to the large crushing particle size of the solid, the frequency or processing time of the ultrasonic generator 31 should be increased; if the crushing particle size of the solid is sufficient, but the amount of the drug should be insufficient, resulting in the tailings not being completely reacted with the chemical reagent, the amount of the drug output of the drug dispensing device 32 should be increased; the empirical model can be obtained by sorting out the specific empirical parameters in the actual reaction process, which will not be repeated here. Further, it can also include: after increasing the amount of the drug output of the drug dispensing device 32 or the frequency and processing time of the ultrasonic generator 31, further sampling is performed to obtain the harmful element content of the solid, and it is determined whether the harmful element content of the solid is within the preset threshold of the empirical model. If yes, the reaction is judged to be normal, otherwise the reaction is judged to be abnormal, and the amount of the drug is judged to be abnormal or the raw material is abnormal and an alarm is issued. The advantage of this is that it can greatly reduce the waste of raw materials, stop losses in time, and effectively improve efficiency. Furthermore, it also includes a cleaning device for powerfully cleaning the automatic weighing and drying device after the use of the automatic weighing and drying device.

[0058] In summary, the reaction effect can be improved at different stages of the tailings chemical reaction by applying ultrasound of different frequencies. The selection of specific frequencies needs to be adjusted and optimized according to the properties of the tailings and the reaction conditions. By reasonably applying ultrasound, the leaching rate of the tailings can be significantly improved, the reaction time can be reduced, and the consumption of reagents can be reduced, thereby improving the efficiency and economy of tailings treatment.

[0059] A method for chemically removing harmful elements from tailings, using the above-mentioned chemical removal device, mainly includes the following steps: S00: crushing the tailings by a crusher, screening the crushed tailings by a screen and then adding them to a reactor; S10: adding chemical agents to the reactor by a doser, stirring the materials in the reactor by the reactor to fully mix them, and the tailings react in the initial reaction chamber 101, the intermediate reaction chamber 102, the late reaction chamber 103 and the final reaction chamber 104 in sequence; S20: after the materials are fully reacted in the reactor, the solid-liquid mixture flows out from the discharge port 18 to the solid-liquid separator, and the separated solid is further tested, and if it does not meet the standard, it returns to step S10; S30: treating the liquid after solid-liquid separation in a purifier;

[0060] Preferably, in step S10, the display controller 19 is used to accurately control the concentration of chemical agents added in each reaction chamber and adjust the intensity of the sound waves at the same time.

[0061] The present invention is described by preferred embodiments, and those skilled in the art will appreciate that various changes or equivalent substitutions may be made to these features and embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. The present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, and other embodiments falling within the claims of this application are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A chemical removal device for harmful elements in tailings, which comprises a crusher, a reactor, a solid-liquid separator and a purifier in the order of tailings processing, and is characterized in that: The reactor comprises a detachably connected reactor body (1) and a reactor cover (2); a reaction chamber and a stirring assembly (12) matched with the reaction chamber are arranged in the reactor body (1); the reaction chamber is a four-step chamber; three layers of partition plates (13) are also arranged in the reaction chamber; the three layers of partition plates (13) divide the reaction chamber into an initial reaction chamber (101), an intermediate reaction chamber (102), a later reaction chamber (103) and a final reaction chamber (104) according to the tailings treatment direction; the initial reaction chamber (101), the intermediate reaction chamber (102), the later reaction chamber (103) and the final reaction chamber (104) have diameters that decrease in the tailings treatment direction; The stirring assembly (12) comprises a stirring motor (121) and a stirring shaft (122) arranged coaxially with the kettle body (1); the stirring motor (121) is arranged on the top of the kettle cover (2) to drive the stirring shaft (122) to rotate; and the stirring shaft (122) is provided with stirrers (123) in sections that cooperate with the initial reaction chamber (101), the intermediate reaction chamber (102), the late reaction chamber (103) and the final reaction chamber (104).

2. The chemical removal device for harmful elements in tailings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The agitator (123) comprises a stirring ring (1231) matched with the stirring shaft (122); the stirring ring (1231) is fixedly provided with a plurality of stirring blades (1232) along the circumferential direction; the stirring shaft (122) and the stirring ring (1231) are provided with matching fixing holes (124); during assembly, a fixing pin is inserted into the fixing hole (124) to fix the stirring ring (1231) on the stirring shaft (122).

3. The chemical removal device for harmful elements in tailings according to claim 2, characterized in that: The stirring shaft (122) is provided with a downward rotating member (125) near the bottom of the kettle body (1), and the stirring shaft (122) is provided with an upward rotating member (126) near the top of the kettle body (1), and the downward rotating member (125) and the upward rotating member (126) are rotatably connected to the stirring shaft (122).

4. The chemical removal device for harmful elements in tailings according to claim 2, characterized in that: The invention also comprises four reaction blocks (3); the initial reaction chamber (101), the intermediate reaction chamber (102), the late reaction chamber (103) and the final reaction chamber (104) are provided with four connecting grooves (14) on the kettle body (1) for matching with the four reaction blocks (3); the four connecting grooves (14) are evenly arranged along the axis of the kettle body (1); the reaction blocks (3) and the connecting grooves (14) are plug-connected; and the reaction blocks (3) are provided with a plurality of connecting grooves (14) on one side close to the reaction chamber. An ultrasonic generator (31), wherein the cavity segment frequency of the ultrasonic generator (31) in the initial reaction cavity (101) is 20-40 kHz, the cavity segment frequency of the ultrasonic generator (31) in the intermediate reaction cavity (102) is 40-80 kHz, the cavity segment frequency of the ultrasonic generator (31) in the late reaction cavity (103) is 80-100 kHz, and the cavity segment frequency of the ultrasonic generator (31) in the final reaction cavity (104) is 100-200 kHz.

5. The chemical removal device for harmful elements in tailings according to claim 4, characterized in that: The invention also comprises a drug doser, wherein the kettle body (1) is provided with a main drug port (15) and a secondary drug port (16) cooperating with the drug doser, and the reaction block (3) is also provided with a plurality of drug dischargers (32) on a side close to the reaction chamber, wherein the main drug port (15) and the secondary drug port (16) are connected to the drug dischargers (32) through a preset pipeline in the kettle body (1), and when adding drugs, the drug doser is connected to the main drug port (15) and the secondary drug port (16).

6. The chemical removal device for harmful elements in tailings according to claim 5, characterized in that: The partition plate (13) comprises a fixed plate (131) and a movable plate (132); a telescopic cavity (1311) cooperating with the movable plate (132) is arranged in the fixed plate (131); when material is required to be unloaded, the movable plate (132) is retracted into the telescopic cavity (1311); the fixed plate (131) is rotatably connected to the stirring shaft (122); a fixing block (1312) is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the movable plate (132); a fixing groove (17) cooperating with the fixing block (1312) is opened at the bottom of the initial reaction chamber (101), the intermediate reaction chamber (102) and the later reaction chamber (103); when assembled, the fixing block (1312) is arranged in the fixing groove (17).

7. The chemical removal device for harmful elements in tailings according to claim 6, characterized in that: The kettle cover (2) is also provided with a feeding port (21), and a screen is provided in the feeding port (21).

8. The chemical removal device for harmful elements in tailings according to claim 7, characterized in that: The bottom of the kettle body (1) is provided with a discharge port (18), the discharge port (18) is in communication with the final reaction chamber (104), and the discharge port (18) is provided with a discharge valve; the kettle body (1) is also provided with a display controller (19), and the display controller (19) is connected to the stirring motor (121), the reaction block (3) and the discharge valve.

9. A method for chemically removing harmful elements from tailings, characterized in that: The removal device as claimed in claims 1 to 8 mainly comprises the following steps: S00: crushing the tailings with a crusher, screening the crushed tailings with a screen and adding them into the reactor; S10: The doser adds chemical reagents into the reactor, and the materials in the reactor are stirred by the reactor to make them fully mixed. The tailings react in the initial reaction chamber (101), the intermediate reaction chamber (102), the late reaction chamber (103) and the final reaction chamber (104) in sequence; S20: After the material is fully reacted in the reactor, the solid-liquid mixture flows out from the discharge port (18) to the solid-liquid separator, and the separated solid is further tested. If it does not meet the standard, the process returns to step S10; S30: The liquid after solid-liquid separation is processed in a purifier.

10. The chemical removal method according to claim 9, characterized in that: In step S10, the display controller (19) is used to accurately control the concentration of chemical agents added in each reaction chamber and adjust the intensity of the sound waves at the same time.

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