Laser additive manufacturing method and device

Abstract

The invention discloses a laser material adding method and device, and the method comprises the following steps: a substrate sinks, and a height difference is generated between the substrate and the surface of a workbench; the metal powder is conveyed to a base plate, and the base plate rotates at a constant speed so that the metal powder on the base plate can be evenly distributed; the upper surface of the metal powder on the substrate is scraped to be flush with the surface of the workbench, and redundant metal powder is brought into an induction mechanism; and the laser galvanometer system is used for processing the metal powder on the substrate. According to the laser material adding method and device, redundant metal powder is recycled through the induction mechanism, the recycled metal powder is poured into the substrate for secondary utilization, good recycling is kept, the cost is saved, and meanwhile the forming quality of parts is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of automobile parts manufacturing, and in particular to a laser material adding method and device. Background Art

[0002] Selective Laser Melting (SLM) technology belongs to the rapid solidification manufacturing process. It is one of the most cutting-edge and promising metal additive manufacturing technologies that appeared in the 1990s. It was originally developed by Dr. M. Fockele and others to form dense parts directly from metal powder, and the first patent was applied for in 1997. The principle of SLM technology is basically the same as that of Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) technology, and the forming process is basically the same. The difference is that SLM technology is based on the forming mechanism of complete melting / solidification, and the density of its formed parts is much higher than that of SLS technology, close to complete density. This is mainly due to the continuous development of laser technology, the increase of laser energy density and the reduction of spot diameter, so that the metal powder material can be completely melted. The forming mechanism of SLM technology also gives it a very great advantage: such as the ability to form dense and highly complex parts, and its mechanical properties such as tensile strength are better than the corresponding traditional castings, and can even reach the level of forgings. And because the material is completely melted during the printing process and the spot diameter is small, the precision of the formed parts is high. At the same time, this technology has the advantages of greatly liberating the designer's design freedom, enabling multiple assembly parts to be integrated into one, and saving materials.

[0003] SLM technology has been widely used in the fields of aerospace, biomedicine, and automobile manufacturing, especially in the manufacture and repair of molds. It builds objects by stacking layer by layer, which has brought revolutionary changes to the mold industry. Compared with traditional manufacturing methods, SLM technology can significantly shorten the mold R&D and production cycle. It can respond quickly to market changes and reduce time costs. In the process of laser additive manufacturing, there is less material waste, which improves the utilization rate of materials and helps reduce production costs and environmental impact. Laser additive manufacturing molds have excellent mechanical properties, such as high strength, high hardness, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance.

[0004] The general forming process of SLM technology is as follows: 1. Import the slices and support data of the built 3D model of complex parts into the SLM equipment; 2. Select SLM forming process parameters such as laser power, scanning speed, scanning spacing, etc. and scanning strategy according to the material; 3. The powder supply device places a sufficient amount of metal powder on the substrate and introduces inert gas into the equipment until the oxygen content is lower than the specified value; 4. The laser starts to emit laser and completes the selective melting of the powder according to the scanning path planning; 5. The substrate drops a layer of thickness, and the powder supply device returns to the starting position (one-way) or directly (two-way) to spread the second layer of powder. The above steps are repeated until the part is formed. 6. Take the part and perform post-processing.

[0005] From the forming process of SLM technology, it can be found that the amount of powder applied during the SLM forming process is difficult to determine, and usually an amount exceeding the required amount is given. As the height of the part increases and the number of forming layers increases, the number of powder application times increases. The excess amount of powder applied each time gradually accumulates, which will affect the precision of the processing and cause the part to warp and deform, thereby affecting the forming quality of the part. Therefore, it is urgent to solve the problem of excessive powder supply. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a laser additive method and device, in which powder is supplied by a powder supply mechanism, a powder spreading mechanism smoothes the substrate and collects excess metal powder into a cavity, and then a powder supply adjustment system adjusts the amount of powder supplied by the powder supply mechanism at a single time according to the weight of the metal powder in the cavity, thereby adjusting the amount of powder supplied by subsequent powder supply mechanisms at a single time. At the same time, a return mechanism pours the metal powder in the cavity back onto the substrate to meet the use requirements each time, thereby improving the forming quality of the parts.

[0007] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above problem is: a laser material addition method, comprising the following steps:

[0008] S1: The substrate sinks, and a height difference is generated between the substrate and the workbench surface;

[0009] S2: conveying the metal powder onto the substrate, and rotating the substrate at a constant speed so that the metal powder on the substrate is evenly distributed;

[0010] S3: Scrape the upper surface of the metal powder on the substrate until it is flush with the surface of the workbench, and bring the excess metal powder into the induction mechanism;

[0011] S4: The laser galvanometer system processes the metal powder on the substrate;

[0012] S5: the substrate sinks again, and the amount of metal powder delivered to the substrate is adjusted according to the amount of metal powder in the sensing mechanism, and the metal powder in the sensing mechanism is poured back onto the substrate to keep the overall amount of metal powder on the substrate full;

[0013] S6: Repeat steps S2-S6.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are: in the SLM forming process, the amount of powder applied by the original laser additive device is difficult to determine, and usually an amount exceeding the required amount is given. Moreover, as the height of the part increases and the number of forming layers increases, the number of powder application times increases. The excess amount of powder applied each time gradually accumulates and affects the precision problem in the processing process. The present invention can recycle excess metal powder through an induction mechanism, and adjust the amount of powder supplied next time according to the amount of recovered metal powder, so that each powder supply tends to be balanced, and before the next powder application, the recovered metal powder is poured onto the substrate for secondary use, thereby maintaining a good recycling cycle, saving costs and improving the forming quality of parts.

[0015] As an improvement, a laser additive method and device includes a machine body, wherein a laser galvanometer system, a powder supply mechanism, a powder spreading mechanism, a driving mechanism, a workbench and a powder supply adjustment system are arranged in the machine body;

[0016] The workbench includes a base and a lifting mechanism, and the lifting mechanism controls the lifting of the base;

[0017] The driving mechanism drives the base to rotate and drives the powder spreading mechanism to operate, the powder spreading mechanism is linked with the powder supply mechanism, and the powder spreading mechanism drives the powder supply mechanism to operate synchronously;

[0018] The powder supply adjustment system includes a sensing mechanism, an adjustment mechanism and a return mechanism. The powder supply mechanism evenly sprinkles metal powder on the substrate, the powder spreading mechanism smoothes the metal powder on the substrate and recycles excess metal powder into the sensing mechanism, the adjustment mechanism adjusts the amount of powder supplied by the powder supply mechanism at a single time according to the amount of metal powder in the sensing mechanism, and the return mechanism pours the metal powder in the sensing mechanism back onto the substrate.

[0019] Through the improvement, after the powder feeding mechanism places the metal powder on the substrate, the substrate rotates at a constant speed so that the metal powder is evenly distributed on the substrate, the powder spreading mechanism smoothes the metal powder on the substrate and recovers the excess metal powder into the sensing mechanism. During this process, the powder spreading mechanism and the powder feeding mechanism operate synchronously and the powder spreading mechanism and the powder feeding mechanism are arranged at intervals, so that the powder can be quickly smoothed after the powder feeding mechanism sprinkles the metal powder on the substrate, thereby improving efficiency; the regulating mechanism adjusts the amount of powder supplied by the powder feeding mechanism at a single time through the amount of metal powder in the sensing mechanism, thereby adjusting the amount of powder supplied by the powder feeding mechanism at a single time, and at the same time the falling mechanism pours the metal powder in the cavity back onto the substrate, cooperating with the powder feeding mechanism to meet the use requirements and improve the forming quality of the parts.

[0020] As an improvement, the powder spreading mechanism includes a second screw rod and a scraper arranged on the second screw rod, the second screw rod is fixedly connected to the second bevel gear, the second motor drives the first bevel gear to drive the second bevel gear to rotate, so that the scraper moves along the axial direction of the second screw rod. Through the improvement, the position of the second screw rod is fixed, the scraper powder spreading operation is stable, and the excess metal powder on the surface of the substrate can be stably scraped away and the metal powder on the surface of the substrate can be kept flat.

[0021] As an improvement, the powder feeding mechanism includes a feeding box, a support platform, a block, a blanking box, a third screw and a third gear, the block and the feeding box are placed on the support platform, the feeding box is provided with a first opening at the lower end, the blanking box is provided with a second opening connected to the first opening at the upper end, and a third opening at the lower end, the blanking box is provided at the lower side of the feeding box, when the blanking box leaves the lower side of the feeding box, the block blocks the first opening, the third gear is provided on the third screw, the blanking box is cooperated and connected with the third screw, the powder spreading mechanism includes a second screw, the second screw is also provided with a second gear, the third gear is connected to the second gear by a belt, through the improvement, the powder spreading mechanism and the powder feeding mechanism can operate synchronously, after the powder feeding device sprinkles the metal powder onto the substrate plane, the powder spreading mechanism synchronously follows the powder feeding mechanism to return, during this period, the excess metal powder on the substrate is scraped off and the metal powder on the substrate is kept flat.

[0022] As an improvement, the second screw rod and the third screw rod are both provided with a reciprocating thread, and the powder spreading mechanism includes a scraper, which is spaced apart from the blanking box, and is arranged at one end close to the substrate relative to the blanking box, and the scraper moves synchronously with the blanking box. Through the improvement, the driving mechanism only needs to provide a unidirectional rotating motor to complete the reciprocating motion of the powder spreading mechanism and the powder supply mechanism. At the same time, the scraper is spaced apart from the blanking box at one end, and the scraper is located on the side close to the substrate. During the synchronous operation, the scraper is always located on the right side of the blanking box. During the powder supplying process of the blanking box, the scraper does not affect the blanking of the blanking box. During the return process of the blanking box, the metal powder on the substrate is basically uniform, and the scraper can immediately level the metal powder on the surface of the substrate and scrape off excess metal powder.

[0023] As an improvement, a partition for controlling the volume of the blanking box is provided in the blanking box, one side of the partition is abutted against the block, and the other side is fixedly connected to a slide plate, the block is connected to the machine body via a first spring, a groove is provided on the bottom plate of the blanking box, a second spring is provided in the groove, the second spring abuts against the partition and the bottom plate of the blanking box respectively, the slide plate covers the groove and the slide plate is slidably connected to the bottom plate of the blanking box, through the improvement, the partition can change the volume of the blanking box by moving in the blanking box, the top of the block abuts against the bottom end of the feed box and the block abuts against the partition, after the blanking box is separated from the feed box, the block can seal the first opening on the feed box to prevent the metal powder in the feed box from leaking out.

[0024] As an improvement, the sensing mechanism includes a cavity provided in the machine body and a pressure measuring plate provided in the cavity, the cavity is provided on one side of the workbench, and the pressure measuring plate is connected to the machine body through a third spring;

[0025] The adjusting mechanism comprises a lever, a first connecting rod and a second connecting rod, one end of the lever is connected to the pressure measuring plate, and the other end is connected to the first connecting rod, the first connecting rod is in contact with the stopper through the second connecting rod, when the pressure measuring plate moves longitudinally along the cavity under the gravity of the metal powder, the pressure measuring plate forces the stopper to drive the partition to move laterally through the adjusting mechanism, thereby controlling the volume in the blanking box.

[0026] Through the improvement, the pressure plate will drop a certain distance according to the weight of the metal powder falling into the cavity, and then force the stopper to move through the adjustment mechanism, so that the stopper drives the partition to move to control the volume in the blanking box, so that the metal powder capacity in the blanking box can just meet the use of a single job.

[0027] As an improvement, the first connecting rod is vertically arranged in the body, the middle part of the lever is fixed in the body, one end of the lever is slidably connected to the pressure measuring plate through a limit pin, and the pressure measuring plate is provided with a slide groove for the limit pin to slide. Through the improvement, the vertical arrangement of the first connecting rod and the fixation of the middle part of the lever can ensure the accuracy of the adjustment mechanism during the transmission process, thereby accurately adjusting the size of the metal powder capacity in the blanking box.

[0028] As an improvement, the falling mechanism is arranged in the cavity, and the falling mechanism includes a third motor, a telescopic rod and a tipping plate abutting against the pressure measuring plate. The telescopic rod is arranged below the tipping plate and the pressure measuring plate is provided with a through hole for the tipping plate to pass through. The third motor drives the telescopic rod to push the tipping plate up, so that the metal powder on the tipping plate is poured onto the substrate. Through the improvement, the powder spreading mechanism scrapes off the excess metal powder and recovers it onto the tipping plate in the cavity. The increased weight on the tipping plate causes the adjustment mechanism to reduce the amount of powder supplied by the powder supply mechanism at a single time. At the same time, the falling mechanism pours the excess metal powder from the last time back onto the substrate so that the amount on the substrate remains sufficient. The metal powder recovered by the powder spreading mechanism each time can be fully returned to the substrate, avoiding the waste of metal powder and eliminating the recycling process. While saving resources, the amount of powder supplied at a single time can be better adjusted to make each laser work more precise. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure with the middle scraper and feed box moved to the far right.

[0031] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure when the middle telescopic plate is extended to lift up the tipping plate.

[0032] Figure 4 It is a cross-sectional view of the powder supply mechanism.

[0033] Figure 5 for Figure 3 Cross-sectional view of the blanking box at its minimum volume.

[0034] As shown in the figure: 1. body; 11. laser galvanometer; 12. support platform; 2. first motor; 21. first screw rod; 22. base; 23. substrate; 3. second motor; 31. rotating shaft; 32. first gear; 33. first bevel gear; 34. second bevel gear; 4. second screw rod; 41. scraper; 42. second gear; 5. feed box; 51. first opening; 6. third screw rod; 61. third gear; 7. blanking box; 71. second opening; 72. third opening; 73. partition; 74. slide plate; 75. groove; 76. second spring; 8. cavity; 81. pressure measuring plate; 82. third spring; 83. stopper; 84. first spring; 85. third motor; 86. telescopic rod; 87. tipping plate; 89. lever; 91. first connecting rod; 92. second connecting rod; 93. limit pin; 94. slide groove. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The embodiments of the present invention are further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0036] like Figure 1-5 As shown, a laser additive method comprises the following steps:

[0037] S1: The substrate sinks, and a height difference is generated between the substrate and the workbench surface;

[0038] S2: conveying the metal powder onto the substrate, and rotating the substrate at a constant speed so that the metal powder on the substrate is evenly distributed;

[0039] S3: Scrape the upper surface of the metal powder on the substrate until it is flush with the surface of the workbench, and bring the excess metal powder into the induction mechanism;

[0040] S4: The laser galvanometer system processes the metal powder on the substrate;

[0041] S5: the substrate sinks again, and the amount of metal powder delivered to the substrate is adjusted according to the amount of metal powder in the sensing mechanism, and the metal powder in the sensing mechanism is poured back onto the substrate to keep the overall amount of metal powder on the substrate full;

[0042] S6: Repeat steps S2-S6.

[0043] Specifically, a laser additive method and device comprises a machine body 1, wherein the machine body 1 is provided with a laser galvanometer 11 system, a powder supply mechanism, a powder spreading mechanism, a driving mechanism, a workbench and a powder supply adjustment system;

[0044] The workbench includes a base 22 and a lifting mechanism, and the lifting mechanism controls the lifting of the base 22;

[0045] The driving mechanism drives the base 22 to rotate and drives the powder spreading mechanism to operate. The powder spreading mechanism is linked with the powder supply mechanism, and the powder spreading mechanism drives the powder supply mechanism to operate synchronously.

[0046] The powder supply adjustment system includes a sensing mechanism, an adjustment mechanism and a return mechanism. The powder supply mechanism evenly sprinkles the metal powder on the substrate 23. The powder spreading mechanism smoothes the metal powder on the substrate 23 and recovers the excess metal powder into the sensing mechanism. The adjustment mechanism adjusts the amount of powder supplied by the powder supply mechanism at a single time according to the amount of metal powder in the sensing mechanism. The return mechanism pours the metal powder in the sensing mechanism back onto the substrate 23.

[0047] Specifically, the lifting mechanism includes a first motor 2, a first screw rod 21 and a base 22. The base plate 23 is rotatably set on the base 22. The first screw rod 21 is driven by the first motor 2 and the first screw rod 21 is cooperatively connected with the base 22. The first motor 2 drives the first screw rod 21 to rotate so that the base 22 moves in the vertical direction.

[0048] It should be noted that the second screw rod 4 is located above the base plate 24 , and in an initial state, the scraper 41 is located on the left side of the base plate 23 .

[0049] Specifically, the powder supply mechanism includes a supply box 5, a support platform 12, a block 83, a blanking box 7, a third screw rod 6 and a third gear 61. The block 83 and the supply box 5 are placed on the support platform 12. The supply box 5 is provided with a first opening 51 at the lower end, and the blanking box 7 is provided with a second opening 71 connected to the first opening 51 at the upper end and a third opening 72 at the lower end. The blanking box 7 is provided at the lower side of the supply box 5. When the blanking box 7 leaves the lower side of the supply box 5, the block 83 blocks the first opening 51. The third gear 61 is provided on the third screw rod 6. The blanking box 7 is cooperatively connected with the third screw rod 6. The powder spreading mechanism includes a second screw rod 4. The second screw rod 4 is also provided with a second gear 42. The third gear 61 is connected with the second gear 42 by a belt.

[0050] It should be noted that the top of the support table 12 is against the bottom of the blanking box 7 and the stopper 83, the stopper 83 and the blanking box 7 can slide on the support table 12, and the support table 12 extends from the machine body 1 to the edge of the workbench. When the blanking box 7 is separated from the support table 12, the metal powder in the blanking box 7 falls onto the substrate 23 through the third opening.

[0051] Specifically, the second screw rod 4 and the third screw rod 6 are both provided with reciprocating threads, and the powder spreading mechanism includes a scraper 41, and the scraper 41 is spaced apart from the blanking box 7. The scraper 41 is arranged at one end close to the substrate 23 relative to the blanking box 7, and the scraper 41 moves synchronously with the blanking box 7.

[0052] Specifically, a partition 73 for controlling the volume of the blanking box 7 is provided in the blanking box 7, one side of the partition 73 is in contact with the stop block 83, and the other side is fixedly connected with a slide plate 74, the stop block 83 is connected to the machine body 1 through a first spring 84, a groove 75 is provided on the bottom plate of the blanking box 7, a second spring 76 is provided in the groove 75, the second spring 76 is respectively in contact with the partition 73 and the bottom plate of the blanking box 7, the slide plate 74 covers the groove 75 and the slide plate 74 is slidably connected to the bottom plate of the blanking box 7.

[0053] It should be noted that one end of the slide plate 74 is clamped in the partition 73. The slide plate 74 is horizontally arranged and limits the rotation of the partition 73, so that the partition 73 can only move horizontally. The second spring 76 always provides a tendency force to force the partition 73 to move toward one end of the stop block 83.

[0054] Specifically, the sensing mechanism includes a cavity 8 disposed in the body 1 and a pressure measuring plate 81 disposed in the cavity 8. The cavity 8 is disposed on one side of the workbench. The pressure measuring plate 81 is connected to the body 1 through a third spring 82.

[0055] The adjusting mechanism includes a lever 9, a first connecting rod 91 and a second connecting rod 92. One end of the lever 9 is connected to the pressure measuring plate 81, and the other end is connected to the first connecting rod 91. The first connecting rod 91 is in contact with the stopper 83 through the second connecting rod 92. When the pressure measuring plate 81 moves longitudinally along the cavity 8 under the gravity of the metal powder, the pressure measuring plate 81 forces the stopper 83 to drive the partition 73 to move laterally through the adjusting mechanism, thereby controlling the volume size in the blanking box 7.

[0056] It should be noted that the cavity 8 is located on the left side of the workbench and the inlet of the cavity 8 is located on the left side of the scraper 41 , and the third spring 82 always provides a tendency force forcing the pressure plate 81 to move upward.

[0057] Specifically, the first connecting rod 91 is vertically arranged in the body 1, the middle part of the lever 9 is fixed in the body 1, one end of the lever 9 is slidably connected to the pressure measuring plate 81 through a limit pin 93, and the pressure measuring plate 81 is provided with a slide groove 94 for the limit pin 93 to slide.

[0058] Specifically, the falling mechanism is arranged in the cavity 8, and the falling mechanism includes a third motor 85, a telescopic rod 86 and a tipping plate 87 abutting against the pressure measuring plate 81. The telescopic rod 86 is arranged below the tipping plate 87 and the pressure measuring plate 81 is provided with a through hole for the tipping plate 87 to pass through. The third motor 85 drives the telescopic rod 86 to support the tipping plate 87 to rise, so that the metal powder on the tipping plate 87 is poured onto the substrate 23.

[0059] It should be noted that when the telescopic rod 86 is not extended, the tipping plate 87 maintains a distance from the telescopic rod 86, and a concave ring is provided at the bottom of the tipping plate 87. The telescopic rod 86 is extended into the concave ring so that the tipping plate 87 is stably connected to the telescopic rod 86 when being lifted by the telescopic rod 86. The tipping plate 87 is provided with an inclined surface on the side facing the substrate 23, and metal powder can enter the substrate 23 through the inclined surface.

[0060] Specifically, the laser galvanometer 11 system is located above the substrate 23, and the laser galvanometer 11 system can change the orientation and the emission angle according to the scanning path.

[0061] Through the above technical solution, the technical effect achieved by the present invention is: in the initial state, if Figure 1 As shown, the substrate 23, the blanking box 7 and the scraper 41 are all in the initial position. When working, the first motor 2 drives the first screw rod 21 to rotate, and the base 22 drives the substrate 23 to move downward a certain distance, and then the first motor 2 is turned off; the second motor 3 is started, and the second motor drives the first gear 32 and the first bevel gear 33 to rotate. Since the first gear 32 is meshed and connected with the substrate 23, the first bevel gear 33 is meshed and connected with the second bevel gear 34, and the second bevel gear 34 is fixedly connected with the second screw rod 4, the substrate 23 starts to rotate, and the second bevel gear 34 drives the second screw rod 4 to rotate. Since the second gear 42 is arranged on the second screw rod 4, the third gear 61 is arranged on the third screw rod 6, and the second gear 42 and the third gear 61 are connected by the leather The belt is connected, so the second screw rod 4 and the third screw rod 6 start to rotate synchronously, the blanking box 7 moves to the right along the axial direction of the third screw rod 6, and the stopper 83 also moves to the right against the blanking box 7 under the action of the first spring 84. The scraper 41 also starts to move to the right along the axial direction of the second screw rod 4. When the blanking box 7 moves to separate from the support platform 12, since the third opening 72 of the blanking box 7 is no longer sealed by the surface of the support platform 12, the metal powder is sprinkled downward from the blanking box 7 onto the substrate 23, and the scraper 41 is relatively arranged on the right side of the blanking box 7. Therefore, the scraper 41 does not affect the blanking of the blanking box 7. At this time, the substrate 23 is also in a uniform speed selection state, so that the metal powder on the substrate 23 can be evenly distributed. When the blanking box 7 and the scraper 41 move to the Figure 2 In the state shown, the metal powder in the blanking box 7 has all been sprinkled onto the substrate 23, and the substrate 23 rotates so that the metal powder thereon is evenly distributed. At this time, the blanking box 7 and the scraper 41 move to the left, and the scraper 41 scrapes the metal powder on the substrate 23 flat and pushes the excess metal powder to the left until it is pushed into the cavity 8, and the excess metal powder falls on the dumping plate 81. The metal powder on the dumping plate 81 causes the pressure plate 81 to move downward, and the lever 9 drives the first connecting rod 91 to move upward, and the first connecting rod 91 drives the second connecting rod 92 to move right, forcing the stopper 83 to push the partition 73 to move right, so that the volume in the blanking box 7 is reduced, and then the metal powder in the feed box 5 falls into the blanking box 7 for replenishment. At this time, the third motor 85 drives the telescopic rod 86 to rise, and lifts the dumping plate 87 to the position shown in FIG. Figure 3In the position shown, the metal powder is poured onto the substrate 23 through the inclined surface on the pouring plate 87. The blanking on the blanking box 7 and the metal powder on the pouring plate 87 can meet the use requirements of laser processing, so that it can just meet the demand; after the laser galvanometer system processes the metal powder, the first motor 2 is started again, so that the substrate 23 falls to a certain distance again, and the above operation is repeated.

[0062] The above description is only for the best embodiment of the present invention, but it should not be understood as limiting the claims. The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and its specific structure is allowed to be changed. All changes made within the scope of protection of the independent claims of the present invention are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A laser additive method, characterized in that: The steps include: S1: The substrate sinks, and a height difference is generated between the substrate and the workbench surface; S2: conveying the metal powder onto the substrate, and rotating the substrate at a constant speed so that the metal powder on the substrate is evenly distributed; S3: Scrape the upper surface of the metal powder on the substrate until it is flush with the surface of the workbench, and bring the excess metal powder into the induction mechanism; S4: The laser galvanometer system processes the metal powder on the substrate; S5: the substrate sinks again, and the amount of metal powder delivered to the substrate is adjusted according to the amount of metal powder in the sensing mechanism, and the metal powder in the sensing mechanism is poured back onto the substrate to keep the overall amount of metal powder on the substrate full; S6: Repeat steps S2-S6.

2. A device manufactured by a laser additive method according to claim 1, characterized in that: A laser material adding device comprises a machine body (1), characterized in that: a laser galvanometer system, a powder supply mechanism, a powder spreading mechanism, a driving mechanism, a workbench and a powder supply adjustment system are arranged in the machine body (1); The workbench comprises a base (22) and a lifting mechanism, and the lifting mechanism controls the lifting and lowering of the base (22); The driving mechanism drives the base (22) to rotate and drives the powder spreading mechanism to operate, the powder spreading mechanism is linked with the powder supply mechanism, and the powder spreading mechanism drives the powder supply mechanism to operate synchronously; The powder supply regulating system comprises a sensing mechanism, a regulating mechanism and a material return mechanism, wherein the powder supply mechanism evenly sprinkles metal powder on the substrate (23), the powder spreading mechanism smoothes the metal powder on the substrate (23) and recycles excess metal powder into the sensing mechanism, the regulating mechanism regulates the amount of powder supplied by the powder supply mechanism at a time according to the amount of metal powder in the sensing mechanism, and the material return mechanism pours the metal powder in the sensing mechanism back onto the substrate (23).

3. A laser additive device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The lifting mechanism comprises a first motor (2), a first screw rod (21) and a base (22); the base plate (23) is rotatably arranged on the base (22); the first screw rod (21) is driven by the first motor (2) and the first screw rod (21) is cooperatively connected to the base (22); the first motor (2) drives the first screw rod (21) to rotate so that the base (22) moves in a vertical direction.

4. The laser additive device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The driving mechanism comprises a second motor (3), a rotating shaft (31), a first gear (32), a first bevel gear (33) and a second bevel gear (34); the rotating shaft (31) is driven by the second motor (3); the first bevel gear (33) and the first gear (32) are arranged on the rotating shaft (31); the first bevel gear (33) and the second bevel gear (34) are meshedly connected; a spline is arranged on the outer periphery of the base plate (23); the base plate (23) is meshedly connected with the first gear (32) via the spline.

5. The laser additive device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The powder spreading mechanism comprises a second screw rod (4) and a scraper (41) arranged on the second screw rod (4); the second bevel gear (34) is arranged on the second screw rod (4); the second motor (3) drives the first bevel gear (33) to drive the second bevel gear (34) to rotate, so that the scraper (41) moves along the axial direction of the second screw rod (4).

6. The laser additive device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The powder supply mechanism comprises a supply box (5), a support platform (12), a stopper (83), a blanking box (7), a third screw rod (6) and a third gear (61); the stopper (83) and the supply box (5) are placed on the support platform (12); a first opening (51) is provided at the lower end of the supply box (5); a second opening (71) connected to the first opening (51) is provided at the upper end of the blanking box (7); and a third opening (72) is provided at the lower end; the blanking box (7) is arranged on the On the lower side of the feed box (5), when the drop box (7) leaves the lower side of the feed box (5), the stopper (83) blocks the first opening (51), the third gear (61) is arranged on the third screw rod (6), the drop box (7) is cooperatively connected with the third screw rod (6), the powder spreading mechanism includes a second screw rod (4), and the second screw rod (4) is also provided with a second gear (42), and the third gear (61) is connected with the second gear (42) by a belt.

7. A laser material addition method and device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The second screw rod (4) and the third screw rod (6) are both provided with reciprocating threads, and the powder spreading mechanism comprises a scraper (41), the scraper (41) and the blanking box (7) are arranged at a distance, and the scraper (41) is arranged at one end close to the substrate (23) relative to the blanking box (7), and the scraper (41) and the blanking box (7) move synchronously.

8. A laser material addition method and device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The blanking box (7) is provided with a partition (73) for controlling the volume of the blanking box (7); one side of the partition (73) is in contact with the stopper (83) and the other side is fixedly connected with a slide plate (74); the stopper (83) is connected to the machine body (1) via a first spring (84); a groove (75) is provided on the bottom plate of the blanking box (7); a second spring (76) is provided in the groove (75); the second spring (76) is in contact with the partition (73) and the bottom plate of the blanking box (7) respectively; the slide plate (74) covers the groove (75) and is slidably connected to the bottom plate of the blanking box (7).

9. A laser material addition method and device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The sensing mechanism comprises a cavity (8) disposed in the machine body (1) and a pressure measuring plate (81) disposed in the cavity (8); the cavity (8) is disposed on one side of the workbench; and the pressure measuring plate (81) is connected to the machine body (1) via a third spring (82); The regulating mechanism comprises a lever (9), a first connecting rod (91) and a second connecting rod (92); one end of the lever (9) is connected to the pressure plate (81), and the other end is connected to the first connecting rod (91); the first connecting rod (91) abuts against the stopper (83) through the second connecting rod (92); when the pressure plate (81) moves longitudinally along the cavity (8) under the gravity of the metal powder, the pressure plate (81) forces the stopper (83) to drive the partition (73) to move laterally through the regulating mechanism, thereby controlling the volume in the blanking box (7); The first connecting rod (91) is vertically arranged in the body (1), the middle part of the lever (9) is fixed in the body (1), one end of the lever (9) is slidably connected to the pressure measuring plate (81) through a limit pin (93), and the pressure measuring plate (81) is provided with a sliding groove (94) for the limit pin (93) to slide.

10. A laser material addition method and device according to claim 9, characterized in that: The falling mechanism is arranged in the containing cavity (8), and comprises a third motor (85), a telescopic rod (86) and a pouring plate (87) abutting against the pressure measuring plate (81); the telescopic rod (86) is arranged below the pouring plate (87) and the pressure measuring plate (81) is provided with a through hole for the pouring plate (87) to pass through; the third motor (85) drives the telescopic rod (86) to push the pouring plate (87) upward, so that the metal powder on the pouring plate (87) is poured onto the substrate (23).

Images