Square hydrogen production electrolytic cell with high-density oxyhydrogen flow channel

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-density oxyhydrogen flow channel square hydrogen production electrolytic bath, and belongs to the technical field of hydrogen production electrolytic baths, the high-density oxyhydrogen flow channel square hydrogen production electrolytic bath comprises an electrode assembly, the electrode assembly comprises a bottom plate, n electrode units are arranged on the bottom plate, n is larger than or equal to 6, the n electrode units on the same bottom plate independently supply power, and the total current of the n electrode units is constant. According to the square hydrogen production electrolytic cell with the high-density hydrogen and oxygen flow channels, adaptive adjustment can be conducted on an overheat area and a supercooling area, the redundant working power of the electrode units in the overheat area is reduced, and therefore the electrode units in the supercooling area can use higher working power; therefore, the temperature difference between the superheated area and the supercooled area and the optimal temperature area is reduced, and the hydrogen production efficiency of the square hydrogen production electrolytic cell with the high-density hydrogen-oxygen flow channel is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of hydrogen production electrolyzers, and in particular relates to a square hydrogen production electrolyzer with high-density hydrogen and oxygen flow channels. Background Art

[0002] The square hydrogen production electrolyzer is composed of an anode, a diaphragm and a cathode, which are arranged in sequence. The anode is placed inside the oxygen production chamber, and the cathode is placed inside the hydrogen production chamber. The two are separated by a diaphragm to form an electrolysis unit.

[0003] When the electrolyte flows into the oxygen production chamber and the hydrogen production chamber, it is often difficult to keep the temperature of the electrodes consistent due to various factors in the electrolysis process. This problem is particularly prominent in the actual operation of the electrolyzer, especially in the stacked square electrolyzer, where the electrolysis units located in the center and outside of the stack will produce a significant temperature gradient due to the difference in heat conduction.

[0004] Specifically, the electrolyzer generates heat during operation, and the stacked arrangement exacerbates the uneven temperature distribution. The electrolyzer located in the center of the stack is tightly surrounded by the surrounding units, which makes it relatively difficult to dissipate heat, so the temperature is higher; while the electrolyzer located on the outside of the stack has a relatively low temperature due to better heat dissipation conditions. This temperature difference leads to significant differences in the electrochemical reaction rates in different areas of the electrode. The reaction rate in the high-temperature area is faster, and higher current density and power output can be achieved at the same voltage.

[0005] However, electrolyzers or battery systems usually need to maintain power balance as a whole to ensure stable operation of the system. Therefore, when the temperature of some electrode areas is too high and the power output is too high, in order to avoid overloading or damage to the system, the power of the entire system needs to be limited. In this way, the power of those electrode areas with lower temperatures and limited power output will be further limited, resulting in unbalanced power output of the entire system.

[0006] In addition, in the vertical direction, the heat generated in the hydrogen production chamber and the oxygen production chamber will be transferred from bottom to top, causing the temperature above to gradually increase. At the same time, the gas generated during the electrolysis process will also carry a certain amount of heat when it is discharged to the collection pipe, further exacerbating the temperature increase in the top area. This vertical temperature gradient will also affect the power output of the electrode, limiting the electrode power in the top area, thereby reducing the efficiency of the entire hydrogen production system.

[0007] In summary, due to the uneven temperature distribution of the electrodes in the electrolyzer, especially the existence of temperature gradients in stacked electrolyzers and the influence of vertical heat transfer, the power output of different areas of the electrodes is limited, which in turn affects the efficiency of the entire hydrogen production system. Summary of the invention

[0008] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a square hydrogen production electrolyzer with high-density hydrogen and oxygen flow channels.

[0009] The square hydrogen production electrolyzer optimizes the flow path of the electrolyte in the oxygen production chamber or the hydrogen production chamber through the design of high-density hydrogen and oxygen flow channels, thereby improving the electrolysis efficiency.

[0010] The square hydrogen production electrolyzer with high-density hydrogen and oxygen flow channels has an overheating area, an optimal temperature area, and a supercooling area during normal operation. The following is an analysis of the locations of different temperature areas:

[0011] From a macroscopic perspective, the main body is the square hydrogen production electrolyzer:

[0012] There are two overheating areas. One is in the center of the stack of stacked electrolyzers, which is in the middle of the entire stack structure. Because it is tightly surrounded by the surrounding electrolytic units, it is difficult to dissipate heat, resulting in a high temperature. The other is in the top area of ​​the electrolyzer. The heat of the electrolyzer is transferred from bottom to top, and the gas carries heat when it is discharged, causing the top temperature to rise.

[0013] There are two optimal temperature areas. One is located in the middle of the stack, but not close to the center of the stack. This area is neither as difficult to dissipate heat as the center of the stack, nor as fast as the outside. The temperature is relatively uniform. The other is located in the middle and lower area of ​​the electrolytic cell. Due to the influence of vertical heat transfer, the temperature in the middle and lower area is relatively stable, which is suitable for electrochemical reactions.

[0014] There are two supercooling areas, one is located outside the stack of the stacked electrolyzer, where the temperature is relatively low due to better heat dissipation conditions. The other is located at the bottom of the electrolyzer, where heat is transferred from bottom to top, and the bottom area has less heat accumulation and a lower temperature.

[0015] From a microscopic perspective, the electrode assembly of the square hydrogen production electrolyzer is the main body:

[0016] The overheating areas are mainly concentrated in the middle and top of the electrode. In these areas, the current density is the highest, the electrochemical reaction is the most intense, and the heat generated is the most.

[0017] The optimal temperature area is located in the middle and lower area of ​​the electrode. In the middle and lower area of ​​the electrolytic cell, the temperature is relatively stable and uniform, which is suitable for the electrochemical reaction.

[0018] The supercooled area is located in the bottom area of ​​the electrode, at the bottom of the electrolytic cell. The temperature is lower because the heat is dissipated outward through the bottom of the cell.

[0019] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose of the invention, the technical solution adopted by the present invention has an overheating area, an optimal temperature area, and a supercooling area during normal operation, including:

[0020] An electrode assembly, the electrode assembly comprising a bottom plate, on which n electrode units are arranged, n≥6, the n electrode units on the same bottom plate are independently powered, and the total current of the n electrode units is constant;

[0021] In the present embodiment, the power of the electrode assembly can be controlled by independently supplying power to n electrode units. Thus, when the square hydrogen production electrolyzer as a whole is taken as the main body, the power of the electrode assembly located in the overheated area can be reduced, while the power of the electrode assembly located in the overcooled area can be increased, so that the power can be controlled according to the temperature, so that the low-temperature area of ​​the square hydrogen production electrolyzer as a whole can work with higher power, and the power of the electrode assembly can be further refined to control, thereby improving the overall working power of the square hydrogen production electrolyzer, and ultimately improving the hydrogen production efficiency.

[0022] The power per unit area of ​​the electrode unit located in the optimal temperature region is The power per unit area of ​​the electrode unit (3) located in the overheating area is The power per unit area of ​​the electrode unit located in the supercooling area is

[0023] Preferably, a high-density hydrogen-oxygen flow channel is provided on the bottom plate, and the high-density hydrogen-oxygen flow channel has multiple flow channels, and the multiple flow channels are respectively connected to the overheating area, the optimal temperature area and the supercooling area at corresponding positions, and the flow channel located in the overheating area is arranged at the edge of the overheating area.

[0024] Preferably, when the electrode assembly of a square hydrogen production electrolyzer is used as the main body, the flow channels located between the overheating area, the optimal temperature area, and the supercooling area are connected in parallel, and the flow channels in the same temperature area are connected in series.

[0025] Preferably, the total area of ​​the electrode units located in the optimal temperature region is S0, the total area of ​​the electrode units located in the overheating region is S1, and the total area of ​​the electrode units located in the overcooling region is S2;

[0026] The voltage of the electrode unit located in the optimal temperature area is U0, the voltage of the electrode unit located in the overheating area is U1, and the voltage of the electrode unit located in the overcooling area is U2, wherein U0 is constant;

[0027] The total power of the electrode units located in the optimal temperature area is P0, the total power of the electrode units located in the overheating area is P1, and the total power of the electrode units located in the overcooling area is P2. Is a fixed value.

[0028] Preferably, n electrode units are evenly distributed on the bottom plate, and n≥8.

[0029] Preferably, the current per unit area of ​​the electrode units in the same temperature gradient is the same, and the current per unit area of ​​the electrode units in different temperature gradients increases in the direction of decreasing temperature.

[0030] Preferably, the n electrode units are distributed according to the shapes of the overheating area, the optimum temperature area, and the overcooling area.

[0031] A method for regulating a square hydrogen production electrolyzer with a high-density hydrogen and oxygen flow channel, when the temperature of the overheating area rises, U1 is adjusted to decrease so that The value remains unchanged. When the temperature in the overheated area drops, adjust U1 to increase so that The value of remains unchanged;

[0032] When the temperature in the supercooled area rises, adjust U2 to reduce so that The value remains unchanged. When the temperature in the supercooled area decreases, adjust U2 to increase so that The value of remains unchanged.

[0033] Preferably, when the temperature of the supercooling area changes, U2 is adjusted first, and then U2 is adjusted after the temperature of the supercooling area stabilizes. 1。

[0034] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention include:

[0035] (1) The present invention provides a square hydrogen production electrolyzer with a high-density hydrogen and oxygen flow channel. Through the independent power supply of multiple electrolysis units in the electrode assembly, each electrode assembly in the square hydrogen production electrolyzer can adjust the power individually, which can reduce the power of the electrode assembly in the overheated area and increase the power of the electrode assembly in the overcooled area. The power can be controlled according to the temperature, so that the low-temperature area of ​​the square hydrogen production electrolyzer as a whole can work with higher power, and the power of the electrode assembly can be further refined to improve the overall working power of the square hydrogen production electrolyzer;

[0036] (2) The present invention provides a square hydrogen production electrolyzer with a high-density hydrogen and oxygen flow channel. The electrode assembly can make adaptive adjustments to the overheating area and the undercooling area through the combination of multiple electrode units, reduce the redundant working power of the electrode units in the overheating area, and enable the electrode units in the undercooling area to use higher working power, thereby reducing the temperature difference between the overheating area and the undercooling area and the optimal temperature area, thereby improving the hydrogen production efficiency of the square hydrogen production electrolyzer with a high-density hydrogen and oxygen flow channel;

[0037] (3) The present invention provides a square hydrogen production electrolyzer with a high-density hydrogen and oxygen flow channel, which optimizes the overall flow field design of the electrolyzer to ensure that the flow of the electrolyte in different temperature zones is more uniform, reduce temperature differences, and effectively adjust the flow rate of the electrolyte in different temperature zones, thereby optimizing the operating efficiency and temperature distribution of the electrolyzer. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0039] Figure 1 It is an overall schematic diagram of a square hydrogen production electrolyzer with high-density hydrogen and oxygen flow channels in the present invention;

[0040] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the electrode unit in the present invention;

[0041] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the bottom plate of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the flow channel in the present invention.

[0043] Reference numerals:

[0044] 1. Bottom plate; 2. Diaphragm; 3. Electrode unit; 4. Water inlet; 5. Water outlet; 6. Flow channel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the inventor of this case has proposed the technical solution of the present invention after long-term research and extensive practice. The following will further explain the technical solution, its implementation process and principle, etc. in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of this application and specific implementation cases.

[0046] It should be noted that the embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. The described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, the present invention covers any substitution, modification, equivalent method and scheme made on the spirit, principle and scope of the present invention defined by the claims. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0047] In the description of the present application, "first", "second", "third" and similar words do not indicate any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. Similarly, "one" or "an" and other similar words do not indicate a quantity limitation, but indicate the existence of at least one. "Include" or "comprise" and other similar words mean that the elements or objects appearing before "include" or "comprises" include the elements or objects listed after "include" or "comprises" and their equivalents, and do not exclude other elements or objects. "Connect" or "connected" and other similar words are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect.

[0048] In the description of the present application, the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside" and the like indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application. In addition, when positional terms such as both sides, outside, up and down are used, it should be understood that they are only used to facilitate understanding and description, considering that the structure may be facing other positions.

[0049] In the description of this application, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the technical or scientific terms used should have the usual meanings understood by persons with general skills in the field to which this application belongs. Terms such as "install", "connect", and "connect" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, a conflicting connection, or an integrated connection. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0050] The embodiments of the present invention are intended to introduce and illustrate the structural composition of a square hydrogen-producing electrolyzer with a high-density hydrogen-oxygen flow channel and the coordination relationship between the various components. Unless otherwise specified, the dimensions, materials, and manufacturing processes of the various components suitable for the square hydrogen-producing electrolyzer with a high-density hydrogen-oxygen flow channel in the embodiments of the present invention can be selected according to specific circumstances and are not specifically limited or described herein.

[0051] Further, in order to make the public have a better understanding of the present invention, some specific details are described in detail in the following detailed description of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention can be fully understood without the description of these details.

[0052] Example 1

[0053] See also Figure 1, Figure 2 , Figure 3 A square hydrogen production electrolyzer with a high-density hydrogen-oxygen flow channel includes an electrode assembly, two adjacent electrode assemblies are separated by a diaphragm 2, and the electrode assembly includes a bottom plate 1.

[0054] In this embodiment, during normal operation, the square hydrogen production electrolyzer as a whole and the electrode assembly have an overheating area, an optimal temperature area, and a supercooling area.

[0055] n electrode units 3 are arranged on the bottom plate 1, where n≥6. The n electrode units 3 on the same bottom plate 1 are powered independently of each other, and the total current of the n electrode units 3 is constant;

[0056] In this embodiment, n=8, and from a horizontal perspective, two electrode units 3 are equidistantly arranged, and from a vertical perspective, four electrode units 3 are equidistantly arranged. In other embodiments, the number of electrode units 3 can be one of n=6, n=7, n=9, n=10, n=11, n=12, n=13, n=14, n=15, and n=16.

[0057] In this embodiment, each electrode unit 3 is powered by an independent power supply module, which can be a DC power supply or a power supply system with precise current control capability. Independent power supply is achieved by controlling the current distribution ratio of each electrode unit 3. Furthermore, by adopting the hierarchical control structure of the microgrid, each electrode unit 3 can be regarded as an independent distributed power generation unit. By accurately distributing the current of each unit through the controller, independent power supply and current density adjustment of each electrode unit 3 can be achieved while keeping the total current constant.

[0058] Specifically, looking at the electrode assembly as the main body, the overheating area is mainly concentrated in the middle and top of the electrode; the optimal temperature area is located in the middle and lower area of ​​the electrode; and the overcooling area is located in the bottom area of ​​the electrode.

[0059] See also Figure 2 , the power per unit area of ​​electrode unit 3 located in the optimal temperature area is The power per unit area of ​​the electrode unit 3 located in the overheating area is The power per unit area of ​​the electrode unit 3 located in the supercooling area is

[0060] By reducing the unit area power of the electrode unit 3 in the overheating area To increase the power per unit area of ​​the electrode unit 3 in the supercooling area upper limit, thereby reducing the temperature difference and improving the overall hydrogen production efficiency of the square hydrogen production electrolyzer with high-density hydrogen and oxygen flow channels.

[0061] In this embodiment, the total area of ​​the electrode units 3 located in the optimal temperature area is S0, the total area of ​​the electrode units 3 located in the overheating area is S1, and the total area of ​​the electrode units 3 located in the overcooling area is S2;

[0062] The voltage of the electrode unit 3 in the optimal temperature area is U0, the voltage of the electrode unit 3 in the overheating area is U1, and the voltage of the electrode unit 3 in the overcooling area is U2, wherein U0 is constant;

[0063] The total power of the electrode unit 3 located in the optimal temperature area is P0, the total power of the electrode unit 3 located in the overheating area is P1, and the total power of the electrode unit 3 located in the overcooling area is P2. Is a fixed value.

[0064] Specifically, in this embodiment, the power, current and voltage of the electrode unit 3 in the optimal temperature area are all constant values, and the stability of the numerical range is maintained. The hydrogen production efficiency in this area can be maintained without making too many adjustments.

[0065] Specifically, the current per unit area of ​​the electrode unit 3 within the same temperature gradient is the same, and the current per unit area of ​​the electrode unit 3 within different temperature gradients increases in the direction of decreasing temperature, further reducing the temperature difference between the overheating area, the optimal temperature area, and the supercooling area, so as to cooperate with the power adjustment of the electrode unit 3 in different temperature areas and refine the control of the hydrogen production efficiency in the overheating area, the optimal temperature area, and the supercooling area.

[0066] The adjustment method of the square hydrogen production electrolyzer with high-density hydrogen and oxygen flow channels is as follows:

[0067] When the temperature in the overheating area rises, adjust U1 to reduce The value remains unchanged. When the temperature in the overheated area drops, adjust U1 to increase so that The value of remains unchanged; this can reduce the heat generation in this area, thereby controlling the temperature

[0068] When the temperature in the supercooled area rises, adjust U2 to reduce so that The value remains unchanged. When the temperature in the supercooled area decreases, adjust U2 to increase so that The value of remains unchanged, which can increase the heat generation in this area and thus increase the temperature.

[0069] In summary, by adjusting the power of the overheated area and the overcooled area through adjusting the voltage operation, the temperature of the overheated area and the overcooled area can be adjusted, which can not only reduce the impact of excessively high and low temperatures on the hydrogen production efficiency, but also reduce the temperature difference between the overheated area and the overcooled area, and further optimize the overall performance of the high-density hydrogen-oxygen flow channel square hydrogen production electrolyzer.

[0070] When the temperature of the supercooled area changes, adjust U2 first, and then adjust U1 after the temperature of the supercooled area stabilizes. The temperature adjustment of the supercooled area has a higher priority because supercooling may cause the electrolyte fluidity to deteriorate and affect the electrolysis efficiency. By adjusting U2 first, the temperature of the supercooled area can be quickly increased to approach the optimal operating temperature.

[0071] See also Figure 3 , a square hydrogen production electrolyzer with high-density hydrogen and oxygen flow channels, comprising high-density hydrogen and oxygen flow channels.

[0072] Specifically, a high-density hydrogen-oxygen flow channel is opened on the bottom plate 1, and the high-density hydrogen-oxygen flow channel has a plurality of flow channels 6, which are respectively connected to the overheating area, the optimal temperature area and the supercooling area at the corresponding positions. The flow channel 6 located in the overheating area is arranged at the edge of the overheating area.

[0073] In this embodiment, the bottom plate 1 has a water inlet 4 arranged at the bottom thereof and a water outlet 5 arranged at the top thereof, and the water inlet 4 and the water outlet 5 are arranged diagonally, and the oblique line formed between the two points of the water inlet 4 and the water outlet 5 is regarded as the main flow direction of the flow channel, and there are 4 flow channels for the electrolyte to flow in this flow direction, thereby forming a parallel flow channel 6 between the overheating area, the optimal temperature area, and the supercooling area, and there are multiple flow channels 6 in the same temperature area and the shape is an arc, and there are direct current channels between the multiple arcs to connect them in series, so that the flow channels 6 in the same temperature area are connected in series, so as to optimize the design of the flow channel 6, so that the electrolyte can be distributed more evenly in the electrolytic cell, reduce the temperature gradient, and thus expand the optimal temperature area. At the same time, the series design can increase the residence time of the electrolyte in the cell and improve the overall temperature uniformity. Through the parallel design of the flow channel 6, it can be ensured that the temperature difference of the electrolyte in different areas is small, and the supercooling phenomenon caused by excessive heat dissipation can be avoided.

[0074] Specifically, under the premise that the total voltage of the eight electrode units 3 of the electrode assembly is constant, the flow rate of the flow channel 6 located in the overheating area, the optimal temperature area, and the supercooling area can be controlled, and the flow rate of the electrolyte is indirectly affected by adjusting the current density distribution of the independent power supply parameters of the electrode unit 3. The change of current density will affect the rate of electrolysis reaction, thereby changing the gas generation rate and electrolyte flow. The formula is: Where: J is the current density, I is the current through the conductor, A is the cross-sectional area of ​​the electrode unit 3 m 2 It is known that the cross-sectional area of ​​the electrode unit 3 is a constant value, and the current density can be adjusted by adjusting the magnitude of the current I, thereby adjusting the flow rate of the flow channel 6 located in the overheating area, the optimal temperature area, and the supercooling area;

[0075] In this embodiment, in the overheated area, the flow rate of the electrolyte needs to be increased to remove excess heat, thereby reducing the temperature of the area; in the optimal temperature area, the flow rate of the electrolyte needs to be kept stable to maintain the temperature of the area within the ideal range; in the overcooled area, the flow rate of the electrolyte needs to be reduced to increase the transfer and accumulation of heat and increase the temperature of the area.

[0076] In summary, by optimizing the overall flow field design of the electrolytic cell, we can ensure that the flow of the electrolyte in different temperature zones is more uniform, reduce temperature differences, and effectively adjust the flow rate of the electrolyte in different temperature zones, thereby optimizing the operating efficiency and temperature distribution of the electrolytic cell.

[0077] Example 2

[0078] See also Figure 4 A square hydrogen production electrolyzer with a high-density hydrogen and oxygen flow channel. On the basis of Example 1, n electrode units 3 are evenly distributed on the bottom plate 1, n≥8. Specifically, in this embodiment, n=16, and from a horizontal perspective, the four electrode units 3 are equidistantly arranged, and from a vertical perspective, the four electrode units 3 are equidistantly arranged.

[0079] Preferably, n electrode units 3 are distributed according to the shapes of the overheating area, the optimal temperature area, and the supercooling area. In the present embodiment, 16 electrode units 3 are used to finely control the number and working power of the electrode units 3 in different temperature areas. That is, according to the flow velocity of the flow channel 6 in different temperature areas, the electrode units 3 are used to finely and accurately divide the overheating area, the optimal temperature area, and the supercooling area, thereby further reducing the temperature difference between different temperature areas, thereby improving the overall hydrogen production efficiency of the electrode assembly.

[0080] In this embodiment, by adding a total of 16 electrode units 3 in the overheating area, optimal temperature area, and supercooling area of ​​the electrode assembly, compared with Example 1, the working power of each part of the overheating area, optimal temperature area, and supercooling area can be more finely controlled, but the cost of independent power supply will increase, and the cost of use will be significantly improved.

[0081] It should be understood that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical concept and features of the present invention, and their purpose is to enable people familiar with this technology to understand the content of the present invention and implement it accordingly. It cannot be determined that the specific implementation of the present invention is limited to these descriptions. For ordinary technicians in the technical field to which the present invention belongs, some simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention. All equivalent changes or modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A square hydrogen production electrolyzer with high-density hydrogen and oxygen flow channels, which has an overheating area, an optimal temperature area, and a supercooling area during normal operation, including an electrode assembly, characterized in that: The electrode assembly comprises a bottom plate (1), on which n electrode units (3) are arranged, where n is greater than or equal to 6, and the n electrode units (3) on the same bottom plate (1) are independently powered, and the total current of the n electrode units (3) is constant; The power per unit area of ​​the electrode unit (3) located in the optimal temperature region is The power per unit area of ​​the electrode unit (3) located in the overheating area is The power per unit area of ​​the electrode unit (3) located in the supercooling area is 2. A square hydrogen production electrolyzer with high-density hydrogen and oxygen flow channels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom plate (1) is provided with a high-density hydrogen-oxygen flow channel, the high-density hydrogen-oxygen flow channel having a plurality of flow channels (6), the plurality of flow channels (6) being respectively connected to an overheating area, an optimum temperature area and a supercooling area at corresponding positions, and the flow channel (6) located in the overheating area is arranged at the edge of the overheating area.

3. A square hydrogen production electrolyzer with high-density hydrogen and oxygen flow channels according to claim 2, characterized in that: The flow channels (6) located between the overheating area, the optimum temperature area, and the undercooling area are connected in parallel, and the flow channels (6) in the same temperature area are connected in series.

4. A square hydrogen production electrolyzer with high-density hydrogen and oxygen flow channels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The total area of ​​the electrode units (3) located in the optimal temperature region is S0, the total area of ​​the electrode units (3) located in the overheating region is S1, and the total area of ​​the electrode units (3) located in the overcooling region is S2; The voltage of the electrode unit (3) located in the optimal temperature region is U0, the voltage of the electrode unit (3) located in the overheating region is U1, and the voltage of the electrode unit (3) located in the overcooling region is U2, wherein U0 is constant; The total power of the electrode unit (3) located in the optimal temperature area is P0, the total power of the electrode unit (3) located in the overheating area is P1, and the total power of the electrode unit (3) located in the overcooling area is P2. Is a fixed value.

5. A square hydrogen production electrolyzer with high-density hydrogen and oxygen flow channels according to claim 4, characterized in that: n electrode units (3) are evenly distributed on the bottom plate (1), and n≥8.

6. A square hydrogen production electrolyzer with high-density hydrogen and oxygen flow channels according to claim 4, characterized in that: The current per unit area of ​​the electrode units (3) within the same temperature gradient is the same, and the current per unit area of ​​the electrode units (3) within different temperature gradients increases in the direction of decreasing temperature.

7. A square hydrogen production electrolyzer with high-density hydrogen and oxygen flow channels according to claim 6, characterized in that: The n electrode units (3) are distributed according to the shapes of the overheating area, the optimum temperature area and the overcooling area.

8. The method for adjusting a square hydrogen production electrolyzer with a high-density hydrogen and oxygen flow channel according to claim 4 is characterized in that: When the temperature in the overheating area rises, adjust U1 to reduce The value remains unchanged. When the temperature in the overheated area drops, adjust U1 to increase so that The value of remains unchanged; When the temperature in the supercooled area rises, adjust U2 to reduce so that The value remains unchanged. When the temperature in the supercooled area decreases, adjust U2 to increase so that The value of remains unchanged.

9. The method for adjusting a square hydrogen production electrolyzer with a high-density hydrogen and oxygen flow channel according to claim 8, characterized in that: When the temperature of the supercooling area changes, adjust U2 first, and then adjust U1 after the temperature of the supercooling area stabilizes.

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