Novel high and steep slope ecological restoration structure and construction method thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a novel high and steep slope ecological restoration structure and a construction method thereof.The novel high and steep slope ecological restoration structure comprises a slope surface stabilizing base body unit, the surface of the slope surface stabilizing base body unit is covered with an ecological base material layer, and the slope surface stabilizing base body unit comprises a plurality of anti-sliding slope stabilizing modules distributed along the slope surface of a side slope in an array mode; each anti-sliding slope stabilizing module comprises a rigid bearing body, the outer surface of one side of each rigid bearing body is provided with a tenon part, the inner surface of the other opposite side of each rigid bearing body forms a mortise part, and the adjacent rigid bearing bodies form a continuous anti-sliding acting surface through mutual embedded connection of the tenon parts and the mortise parts; a soil nail anchoring assembly; the dynamic water-permeable protection panel is connected with the rigid bearing body through a telescopic water-permeable connecting piece, and the telescopic water-permeable connecting piece comprises an elastic energy storage supporting assembly and a water-permeable supporting assembly; and a water-swellable body. Through the construction of the slope surface stabilizing matrix unit, the ecological restoration effect of the side slope is greatly improved, and the occurrence risk of geological disasters such as landslide and the like is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of slope ecological protection, and in particular to a novel high-steep slope ecological restoration structure and a construction method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Exposed high and steep rock slopes are common geological phenomena, generally characterized by large slopes, long slopes, great difficulty in management, and unstable slopes. Affected by multiple factors such as weathering, precipitation, and human activities, they are prone to soil erosion, collapse, landslides, and other disasters, which have serious impacts on the local ecological environment and nearby residents and buildings.

[0003] For the ecological protection and restoration of high and steep rock slopes, the commonly used technologies include soil spraying technology, lattice beams and eco-bag flexible retaining wall technology. Among them, substrate spraying technology is an important method, which is to mix soil, binder, water retaining agent, organic matter, fertilizer, soil conditioner and mixed plant seeds in a certain proportion, add water and stir them evenly through a special spraying machine, and then spray them on the slope to form a soil structure nutrient layer for the continuous growth of plants. After water and fertilizer maintenance, the plant seeds germinate and grow, and naturally succeed, so that the slope can achieve the purpose of rapid greening, repairing the ecosystem and protecting the slope.

[0004] The current substrate spraying technology faces some challenges in the application process, especially when applied to steep rock slopes. Even if some reinforcement measures are used, such as hanging nets, the spraying substrate (usually 10 cm thick) is prone to slipping in the early stage due to gravity. Moreover, under the reciprocating rainfall-drying effect, the performance degradation of the spraying substrate is easy to induce it to fall off and slide along the slope surface during the next rainfall, seriously affecting the ecological restoration effect. The binder added to the spraying substrate that pursues strength too much often has an adverse effect on plants, causing vegetation damage and affecting the greening effect of the rock slope. In addition, due to the special geographical location of exposed high and steep slopes (commonly seen in highway slopes, railway slopes, and slopes formed by mining), the lack of surrounding water sources, and the easy loss of nutrients in the spraying substrate under the action of rainfall-drying cycles, the current substrate spraying technology still has problems such as insufficient substrate nutrient supply, difficult maintenance, high cost and difficulty of artificial irrigation. This is also the main reason why the ecological restoration of high and steep slopes is facing the dilemma of "one year green, two years yellow, and three years dead".

[0005] At present, the spraying substrate is only suitable for gentle slopes with a slope of less than 45°. For slopes with larger slopes, especially steep rock slopes with a slope of more than 70°, the existing technology cannot achieve satisfactory results. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a new slope protection structure that can prevent the substrate from sliding off the slope without affecting the ratio of the spraying substrate, ensure the stability of the substrate on the slope, and provide the necessary water for plant growth, so as to achieve the maintenance of the slope substrate vegetation. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a novel high and steep slope ecological restoration structure and a construction method thereof in view of the deficiencies of the prior art.

[0007] The specific technical solutions are as follows:

[0008] A new type of high and steep slope ecological restoration structure, including:

[0009] A slope stabilizing base unit, the surface of which is covered with an ecological substrate layer, and the slope stabilizing base unit comprises a plurality of anti-slip slope stabilizing modules distributed in an array along the slope surface; each of the anti-slip slope stabilizing modules comprises:

[0010] A rigid bearing body, one side of which has a tenon portion on its outer surface and a mortise portion on its inner surface on the other opposite side, and adjacent rigid bearing bodies are connected by the interlocking connection of the tenon portion and the mortise portion to form a continuous anti-slip action surface;

[0011] A soil nail anchor assembly, the top of which is rigidly connected to the bottom surface of the rigid bearing body, and the bottom of which is anchored inside the rock slope by vertical drilling and grouting; and

[0012] The dynamic water-permeable protective panel is connected to the rigid bearing body through a retractable water-permeable connecting piece, and the retractable water-permeable connecting piece includes:

[0013] The elastic energy storage support assembly is fixed at both ends to the rigid bearing body and the dynamic water-permeable protective panel to provide axial expansion and contraction compensation function; and

[0014] The water-absorbing expansion body is filled in the peripheral space of the elastic energy storage support component and is composed of a highly water-absorbing composite material.

[0015] Optionally, the dynamic water-permeable protective panel is further provided with an outer box and an inner box, one end of the outer box is rigidly connected to the dynamic water-permeable protective panel, and the other end is slidably matched with the inner box through a slide rail guide mechanism, and the other end of the inner box is fixedly connected to the rigid supporting plate.

[0016] Optionally, the outer box and the inner box are both enclosed by side panels, a top panel and a bottom panel to form a hollow cubic structure, and arrays of water-permeable holes are arranged on the top panel and the bottom panel, and water-permeable geotextile is pasted inside the water-permeable holes.

[0017] Optionally, the slide rail guiding mechanism includes:

[0018] Guide slides provided on four sides of the inner box; and

[0019] The guide rail ridges arranged on the inner wall of the outer casing form a sliding pair with the guide sliding grooves.

[0020] Optionally, the elastic energy storage support assembly includes:

[0021] A pre-compression spring mechanism, comprising a spring, a locking telescopic rod and a corrugated sealing sleeve, wherein: the two ends of the corrugated sealing sleeve are respectively fixed to a rigid bearing plate and a dynamic water-permeable protective plate; one end of the spring is anchored to the rigid bearing plate, and the other end is connected to the spring top plate; the locking telescopic rod is arranged parallel to the side of the spring, and an electromagnetic locking mechanism is provided on the locking telescopic rod to maintain the pre-compression state of the spring under normal conditions; and

[0022] Displacement trigger mechanism, comprising:

[0023] An embedded telescopic plate is slidably built into the guide groove of the spring top plate; and

[0024] A dual-mode sensing unit, comprising a first sensor disposed on both sides of the spring top plate and a second sensor disposed on the inner side of the dynamic water-permeable protective plate;

[0025] When the displacement of the dynamic water-permeable protective panel reaches the point where the first sensor is relative to the second sensor, the dual-mode sensing unit generates a trigger signal to control the electromagnetic locking mechanism to release the telescopic rod constraint, and at the same time drives the telescopic plate to insert into the wedge-shaped slot of the dynamic water-permeable protective panel, so that the spring releases elastic potential energy to generate reverse slope support force.

[0026] Optionally, the soil nail anchor assembly uses a full-length adhesive anchor rod.

[0027] Optionally, the rigid carrier is recycled construction solid waste, which includes recycled aggregates from construction waste and industrial solid waste that have been harmlessly treated.

[0028] Optionally, the water-absorbing swelling body includes 30-40wt% montmorillonite, 3-4wt% water-retaining agent and 15-20wt% bio-gum.

[0029] Optionally, the water-absorbing swelling body further comprises 5-6wt% slow-release compound fertilizer and 5-10wt% natural organic water-absorbing material, and the natural organic water-absorbing material is selected from at least one of loofah sponge, cotton fiber or coconut shell fiber.

[0030] A new construction method for high and steep slope ecological restoration structure includes the following steps:

[0031] S1. Clean up the gravel, tree roots, garbage, etc. that need to be processed within the slope range, and clean up from top to bottom to ensure that the slope surface is flat after cleaning;

[0032] S2. According to the project requirements and site conditions, the hole positions of the soil nail anchor components are laid out, and holes are drilled, cleaned and inspected according to the positioning;

[0033] S3, connecting the anti-slip and slope-stabilizing modules into a row through the tenon and mortise parts of the rigid bearing body, with every four anti-slip and slope-stabilizing modules being assembled into a group;

[0034] S4. According to the construction drawings, insert the soil nail anchoring components at the bottom of each group of rigid bearing bodies into the corresponding holes and perform grouting;

[0035] S5, repeat S3-S4 until the assembled width of multiple rows of slope stabilization base units can reach the required width of the slope;

[0036] S6. Spray the ecological base material layer on the high and steep rock slopes.

[0037] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0038] 1. The high and steep rock slope ecological protection structure of the present invention provides a support force upward along the slope for the spraying substrate by installing a slope stabilizing base unit, offsetting the force of the spraying substrate sliding downward along the slope, thereby solving the problem of poor initial adhesion of the traditional high and steep rock slope spraying substrate, and also solving the problem of the spraying substrate sliding easily when encountering water after experiencing dry-wet cycles;

[0039] 2. The high and steep rock slope ecological protection structure of the present invention replenishes water and nutrients for the spraying substrate through the water-absorbing expansion body in the slope stabilizing matrix unit, solves the problems of high cost and difficult maintenance of artificial irrigation, and realizes the reuse of rainfall water;

[0040] 3. The high and steep rock slope ecological protection structure of the present invention adopts a splicable slope stabilization base unit, which can be replaced as a whole and partially repaired according to the different damage conditions of the structural units, and can be freely adjusted according to different slope widths. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0041] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of a high and steep rock slope according to the present invention;

[0042] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the anti-slip and slope-stabilizing module of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 3 It is a partial structural schematic diagram of the elastic energy storage support assembly in the anti-sliding and slope stabilization module of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the anti-slip and slope-stabilizing modules of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of the dynamic water-permeable protective panel of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the anti-slip and slope-stabilizing module of the present invention.

[0047] In the figure: 1. soil nail anchor assembly; 2. rigid bearing body; 3. dynamic water-permeable protective panel; 4. retractable water-permeable connector; 5. elastic energy storage support assembly; 6. water-absorbing expansion body; 7. tenon portion; 8. mortise portion; 9. outer box; 10. inner box; 11. slide rail guide mechanism; 12. corrugated sealing sleeve; 13. embedded telescopic plate; 14. dual-mode sensing unit; 141. first sensor; 142. second sensor; 15. spring; 16. locking telescopic rod; 17. spring top plate; 18. wedge-shaped slot. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0048] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0049] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and the features in the embodiments may be combined with each other.

[0050] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, but they are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0051] The new high and steep slope ecological restoration structure provided in the present invention refers to Figure 1-Figure 6 ,include

[0052] The slope stabilization base unit is covered with an ecological base material layer, and the slope stabilization base unit includes a plurality of anti-slip slope stabilization modules distributed in an array along the slope surface; each anti-slip slope stabilization module includes:

[0053] The rigid carrier 2 has a tenon portion 7 on one side of its outer surface and a mortise portion 8 on the other opposite side of its inner surface. Adjacent rigid carriers 2 are connected by the tenon portion 7 and the mortise portion 8 to form a continuous anti-slip surface.

[0054] A soil nail anchor assembly 1, the top of which is rigidly connected to the bottom surface of the rigid bearing body 2, and the bottom of which is anchored inside the rock slope by vertical drilling and grouting; and

[0055] The dynamic water-permeable protective panel 3 is connected to the rigid bearing body 2 through a retractable water-permeable connecting member 4. The retractable water-permeable connecting member 4 includes:

[0056] The elastic energy storage support assembly 5 has two ends respectively fixed to the rigid bearing body 2 and the dynamic water-permeable protective panel 3 to provide an axial expansion and contraction compensation function; and

[0057] The water-absorbing expansion body 6 fills the outer space of the elastic energy storage support component 5 and is made of a highly water-absorbing composite material and has the property of swelling when in contact with water.

[0058] Specifically, the anti-slip slope stabilizing module in the slope stabilizing base unit is connected by the interlocking tenon portion 7 and the mortise portion 8 of the rigid bearing body 2 to form a continuous anti-slip action surface. This structure can effectively offset the sliding force of the slope base material. At the same time, the soil nail anchor assembly 1 anchors the rigid bearing body 2 inside the rock slope, enhancing the stability of the rigid bearing body 2 on the slope surface. The two work together to ensure the stability of the slope stabilizing base unit on the steep slope. In addition, the soil nail anchor assembly adopts a full-length adhesive anchor rod. In the ecological restoration of steep slopes, the full-length adhesive anchor rod can not only improve the stability of the slope, but also provide a good foundation for the growth of vegetation. Through the reinforcement of the anchor rod, the stability of the slope soil is improved, and the growth environment of vegetation is improved. The dynamic permeable protective panel 3 is connected to the rigid bearing body 2 through a retractable permeable connector 4. The elastic energy storage support assembly 5 and the water-absorbing expansion body 6 in the retractable permeable connector 4 absorb water and expand to provide an axial expansion compensation function, thereby ensuring the stability of the base material on the slope.

[0059] The traditional spraying substrate relies on adhesives to attach to the slope surface. This solution provides support for the ecological substrate layer through the slope stabilizing substrate unit, which changes the attachment method that relies solely on adhesives. The slope stabilizing substrate unit is like a "skeleton" that "holds" the ecological substrate layer, so that the ecological substrate layer can be stably present on the high and steep slopes, and is not affected by factors such as gravity and rainfall infiltration and slides down. The water-absorbing expansion body 6 in the retractable permeable connector 4 is composed of a highly water-absorbing composite material and has the property of swelling when exposed to water; when it rains, the water-absorbing expansion body 6 absorbs water and expands, providing an axial upward support force along the slope surface for the ecological substrate; and the water-absorbing expansion body 6 has a water-retaining function, and can provide water and nutrients for the ecological substrate under dry conditions. The present invention avoids damage to vegetation by reducing the use of adhesives that are toxic to plants. At the same time, the ecological substrate layer can be stably attached to the slope surface, providing a stable matrix environment for vegetation growth, and the optimized nutrient supply method can meet the nutrients required for vegetation growth, which is conducive to the growth and reproduction of vegetation on high and steep slopes.

[0060] In summary, the new high-steep slope ecological restoration structure effectively solves the slope stability problem of high-steep slopes (especially rocky steep slopes with a slope greater than 70°). Through the construction of the slope stability matrix unit, the anti-slip ability of the slope is greatly enhanced, and the risk of geological disasters such as landslides is reduced. The ecological substrate layer can be stably attached to the high-steep slope. No matter under different environmental conditions such as dryness or rain, it will not slide due to gravity or rain erosion, which overcomes the limitations of the application of traditional spraying substrates on high-steep slopes. Since the use of toxic adhesives is avoided, vegetation can grow healthily in the ecological substrate layer. At the same time, the optimized nutrient supply and stable matrix environment are conducive to the long-term growth and reproduction of vegetation, which increases the vegetation coverage rate of high-steep slopes and realizes the effective greening of rock slopes. In addition, since the ecological substrate layer is not easy to slide, the need for frequent repair and maintenance is reduced. At the same time, the cost and difficulty of artificial irrigation are reduced, and the later maintenance cost of ecological restoration of high-steep slopes is reduced as a whole.

[0061] In this embodiment, refer to Figure 2-Figure 6 The dynamic water-permeable protective panel 3 is also provided with an outer box 9 and an inner box 10. One end of the outer box 9 is rigidly connected to the dynamic water-permeable protective panel 3, and the other end is slidably matched with the inner box 10 through a slide rail guide mechanism 11. The other end of the inner box 10 is fixedly connected to the rigid bearing plate 2. The outer box 9 and the inner box 10 are slidably matched through the slide rail guide mechanism 11; when the spraying substrate is prone to slipping due to its own gravity and rain, at the same time, the volume of the water-absorbing expansion body 6 will expand after absorbing rain. Since the water-absorbing expansion body 6 is arranged in the outer box 9 and the inner box 10, the expansion of the volume of the water-absorbing expansion body 6 can drive the outer box 9 to move to the side away from the inner box 10, and this displacement action of the outer box 9 can support the spraying substrate, thereby effectively preventing the spraying substrate from slipping due to its own gravity and rain.

[0062] Specifically, refer to Figure 5-Figure 6, the outer box 9 and the inner box 10 are both enclosed by side panels, a top plate and a bottom plate to form a hollow cubic structure, and arrays of water-permeable holes are arranged on the top plate and the bottom plate, and water-permeable geotextiles are pasted inside the water-permeable holes. The arrays of water-permeable holes arranged on the top plate and the bottom plate can realize the water-permeable function. When water flows through, the water can flow through the water-permeable holes. The water-permeable geotextiles pasted inside the water-permeable holes play a filtering role. The water-permeable geotextiles have tiny pores that can allow water to pass through, and at the same time can prevent soil particles and other impurities from entering the box, prevent clogging of the water-permeable holes, and ensure the continuity of the water-permeable function. The outer box 9 and the inner box 10 are enclosed by side panels, a top plate and a bottom plate to form a hollow cubic structure. This structural form has good stability. The various faces of the cubic structure support each other and can withstand forces from different directions. For example, when subjected to external pressure (such as pressure from slope soil, impact force from water flow, etc.), the side panels, top plate, and bottom plate work together to disperse the force to the entire structure, avoiding structural damage due to excessive local force.

[0063] Among them, refer to Figure 5 , the slide rail guide mechanism 11 comprises:

[0064] Guide slides provided on four sides of the inner box 10; and

[0065] The guide rail ridges arranged on the inner wall of the outer casing 9 form a sliding pair with the guide grooves.

[0066] Specifically, the sliding pair formed by the guide rail ridge and the guide groove works based on the principle of sliding friction. When the outer box 9 and the inner box 10 move relative to each other, the guide rail ridge slides in the guide groove. By controlling the matching accuracy and surface quality between the two, the sliding friction can be reduced, so that the outer box 9 and the inner box 10 can slide smoothly relative to each other. This structure can guide the relative movement direction of the outer box 9 and the inner box 10, and ensure that in the case of slope deformation, the relative displacement of the two follows a predetermined trajectory.

[0067] Among them, refer to Figure 6 , the elastic energy storage support assembly 5 includes:

[0068] A pre-compression spring 15 mechanism, comprising a spring 15, a locking telescopic rod 16 and a corrugated sealing sleeve 12, wherein: the corrugated sealing sleeve 12 is made of waterproof elastic material, and its two ends are respectively fixed to the rigid bearing plate and the dynamic water-permeable protective plate; the initial pre-compression amount of the spring 15 is 60%-80% of the free length, one end of which is anchored to the rigid bearing plate, and the other end is connected to the top plate of the spring 15; the locking telescopic rod 16 is arranged parallel to the side of the spring 15, and an electromagnetic locking mechanism is provided on the locking telescopic rod 16 to maintain the pre-compression state of the spring 15 under normal conditions; and

[0069] Displacement trigger mechanism, comprising:

[0070] The embedded telescopic plate 13 is slidably built into the guide groove of the top plate of the spring 15;

[0071] The dual-mode sensing unit 14 includes a first sensor 141 disposed on both sides of the top plate of the spring 15 and a second sensor 142 disposed inside the dynamic water-permeable protective plate;

[0072] When the displacement of the dynamic water-permeable protective panel reaches the point where the first sensor 141 is relative to the second sensor 142, the dual-mode sensing unit 14 generates a trigger signal to control the electromagnetic locking mechanism to release the telescopic rod constraint, and at the same time drives the telescopic plate to insert into the wedge-shaped slot 18 of the dynamic water-permeable protective panel, so that the spring 15 releases elastic potential energy to generate reverse slope support force.

[0073] Specifically, the spring 15 stores elastic potential energy in the initial pre-compression state, the corrugated sealing sleeve 12 protects the spring 15 and prevents moisture erosion, the locking telescopic rod 16 is arranged parallel to the side of the spring 15 and maintains the pre-compression state of the spring 15 through the electromagnetic locking mechanism, and when the electromagnetic locking mechanism is in the locked state, it can resist the elastic force of the spring 15 to keep the spring 15 in the pre-compression state. The embedded telescopic plate 13 can slide in the guide groove of the top plate of the spring 15 through a driving member (electric telescopic rod, etc.) to ensure the directionality of its movement. In this embodiment, the first sensor 141 and the second sensor 142 adopt reflective photoelectric sensors, and the position height of the first sensor 141 in the initial state is set to be on the same horizontal line as the height of the inner box 10. When the downward displacement of the dynamic water-permeable protective panel 3 and the outer box 9 reaches the position where the first sensor 141 is relative to the second sensor 142, the first sensor 141 emits a light signal, the reflection of the light signal changes, and the light intensity received by the second sensor 142 changes, thereby generating a trigger signal. The signals of the two jointly trigger the dual-mode sensing unit 14 to generate a trigger signal, and the trigger signal controls the electromagnetic locking mechanism through a control system (such as a circuit system) to release the telescopic rod constraint, and at the same time drives the embedded telescopic plate 13 to insert into the wedge-shaped slot 18 of the dynamic water-permeable protective panel 3.

[0074] When the spraying substrate is affected by its own gravity and rainwater and slides to a large extent, after the water-absorbing expansion body 6 absorbs rainwater, its internal material structure or composition will expand and change in volume due to the intake of water. The volume of the water-absorbing expansion body 6 will expand and change after absorbing rainwater, and the expansion of the water-absorbing expansion body 6 will push the displacement of the outer box 9. Under the action of this driving force, the outer box 9 will undergo a corresponding displacement, and the position change of the outer box 9 is in the direction that can support the spraying substrate; due to the supporting role of the outer box 9, even if the spraying substrate is affected by its own gravity and rainwater, it can effectively avoid the occurrence of sliding, thereby maintaining the stable state of the spraying substrate on the slope. However, when the spraying substrate is affected by its own gravity and rainwater and slides to a greater extent, as the degree of sliding increases, the outer cover box 9 is squeezed and slid to a position where the first sensor 141 is opposite to the second sensor 142, and the dual-mode sensing unit 14 generates a trigger signal, controls the electromagnetic locking mechanism to release the telescopic rod constraint, and drives the telescopic plate to insert into the wedge-shaped card slot 18 of the dynamic water-permeable protective panel, so that the spring 15 releases elastic potential energy to generate reverse slope support force, and at the same time prompts the telescopic plate to move toward the direction of the dynamic water-permeable protective panel, and finally inserts into the wedge-shaped card slot 18 of the dynamic water-permeable protective panel. The elastic potential energy released by the spring 15 will be converted into a reverse slope support force, which can effectively resist various influences caused by the large degree of sliding of the spraying substrate, further ensure the stability of the spraying substrate, and effectively prevent it from continuing to slide.

[0075] Among them, the electromagnetic locking mechanism includes:

[0076] An annular groove provided on the outer wall of the locking telescopic rod 16;

[0077] The electromagnetic lock tongue matching the groove retracts to release the rod body of the locking telescopic rod 16 when power is on, and pops out to lock when power is off.

[0078] When the electromagnetic lock tongue is powered on, according to the principle of electromagnetic induction, a magnetic field will be generated inside the electromagnetic lock tongue, and the magnetic field will interact with the surrounding magnetic field or magnetic material to generate electromagnetic force. Under the action of this electromagnetic force, the electromagnetic lock tongue will overcome its own elastic force (if any) or other mechanical force, thereby retracting and releasing the rod body of the locking telescopic rod 16. When the electromagnetic lock tongue is powered off, the magnetic field disappears, and the electromagnetic force disappears as well. At this time, the electromagnetic lock tongue may pop out under the action of its own elastic recovery force or other mechanical structure, insert into the annular groove, and lock the locking telescopic rod 16. This structure is based on the control method of electromagnetic force and can achieve fast and accurate locking and releasing operations. When unlocking is required, the electromagnetic lock tongue can be quickly retracted so that the locking telescopic rod 16 can immediately participate in the work; when locking is required, the electromagnetic lock tongue can quickly pop out and lock after power failure. This fast response characteristic helps to improve the stability and adaptability of the entire structure when dealing with situations such as slope deformation.

[0079] Specifically, the rigid carrier 2 is recycled construction solid waste, which includes recycled aggregates from construction waste and industrial solid waste that have been harmlessly treated. First, construction waste and industrial solid waste are collected. Construction waste can be collected from the construction demolition site, including discarded concrete blocks, bricks, etc.; industrial solid waste is obtained from waste in related industrial production processes, such as certain metallurgical waste slag, etc.; then the collected construction waste and industrial solid waste are harmlessly treated, including screening, cleaning, and removal of harmful substances (such as heavy metals, etc.). For example, for industrial solid waste containing heavy metal pollution, a chemical treatment method is used to remove or fix the heavy metals to meet environmental safety standards. The construction waste and industrial solid waste that have been harmlessly treated are then made into recycled aggregates through processes such as crushing and screening. The crushing equipment can select jaw crushers, cone crushers, etc. to crush larger solid waste into suitable particle sizes, and then screen out recycled aggregates that meet the particle size requirements through screening equipment. The recycled aggregate is made into a rigid carrier 2 using a suitable molding process. For example, mold compression molding or vibration molding methods can be used. During the molding process, according to the design requirements, ensure that the density and shape of the recycled aggregate meet the requirements of the rigid carrier 2. During the molding process, an appropriate amount of binder can be added to improve the bonding strength between the recycled aggregates, but the choice of binder must ensure that it will not have an adverse effect on the environment and subsequent vegetation growth. The manufactured rigid carrier 2 is tested for compressive strength and water permeability. The compressive strength test can be carried out using a pressure testing machine in accordance with relevant standards to ensure that its compressive strength is ≥30MPa; the water permeability test can be carried out using special water permeability testing equipment, such as Darcy instrument, to ensure that the water permeability is ≥1.5×10- 2cm / s. If the test result does not meet the requirements, the manufacturing process is adjusted, such as changing the gradation of the recycled aggregate, the amount of the binder, etc., until the performance of the rigid carrier 2 meets the standard. The rigid carrier 2 is made of construction waste and industrial solid waste, which realizes the recycling and reuse of resources, reduces the pollution of construction waste and industrial solid waste to the environment, and reduces the demand for the mining of natural aggregates, which has significant environmental benefits.

[0080] The water-absorbing expansion body 6 includes 30-40wt% montmorillonite, 3-4wt% water-retaining agent and 15-20wt% bio-glue. Montmorillonite has strong water absorption, and there is interlayer water in its crystal structure, which can absorb a large amount of water molecules. When encountering water, the interlayer spacing of montmorillonite will increase, thereby achieving water absorption and expansion; the water-retaining agent is a high molecular polymer with water absorption and water retention functions, which can absorb and lock a large amount of water through hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds and other forces. The use of bio-glue ensures the structural stability of the water-absorbing expansion body 6. During the water absorption and expansion process, the various components will not be easily separated, so that the water-absorbing expansion body 6 can maintain a complete structure, better play its functions such as water absorption, water retention and nutrient supply, and synergize with montmorillonite and water-retaining agent to increase the water absorption capacity of the water-absorbing expansion body 6, which can quickly absorb and store a large amount of water, and can provide a water source for plant growth in arid environments. At the same time, the water retention performance is good, reducing the evaporation and loss of water.

[0081] The water-absorbing expansion body 6 further includes 5-6wt% slow-release compound fertilizer and 5-10wt% natural organic water-absorbing material, the natural organic water-absorbing material is selected from at least one of loofah, cotton fiber or coconut shell fiber, and the slow-release compound fertilizer adopts a special coating or structural design to make the release rate of its nutrients slow and lasting. In the process of water-absorbing expansion body 6 absorbing water and swelling, water will slowly penetrate into the inside of the compound fertilizer particles, so that the nutrients in the fertilizer are gradually dissolved and released. This slow-release mechanism can provide a continuous supply of nutrients for plant growth, avoiding the loss of nutrients or burning of seedlings caused by excessive one-time fertilization. The biological glue plays a role in bonding and stabilizing the structure in the water-absorbing expansion body 6, which can bond montmorillonite, water-retaining agent, slow-release compound fertilizer and natural organic water-absorbing material together to prevent the separation of each component during the water-absorbing expansion process, and ensure the integrity and stability of the water-absorbing expansion body 6. This scheme uses natural organic water-absorbing materials (loofah, cotton fiber or coconut shell fiber) to achieve the effective utilization of natural resources. At the same time, these materials are biodegradable, environmentally friendly, and meet the environmental protection requirements of ecological restoration projects.

[0082] The construction method of the novel high-steep slope ecological restoration structure provided by the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0083] S1. Clean up the gravel, tree roots, garbage, etc. that need to be processed within the slope range, and clean up from top to bottom to ensure that the slope surface is flat after cleaning;

[0084] S2. According to the engineering requirements and site conditions, the hole positions of the soil nail anchoring assembly 1 are laid out, and holes are drilled, cleaned, and inspected according to the positioning;

[0085] S3, the slope stabilizing base units are connected in a row by means of the tenon portion 7 and the mortise portion 8 of the rigid carrier 2, and every four slope stabilizing base units are connected as a group;

[0086] S4. According to the construction drawings, the anchor rods at the bottom of each group of rigid bearing bodies 2 are inserted into corresponding holes and grouting is performed;

[0087] S5, repeat S3-S4 until the assembled width of multiple rows of slope stabilization base units can reach the required width of the slope;

[0088] S6. Spray the ecological base material layer on the high and steep rock slopes.

[0089] The ecological substrate layer includes soil, humus and binder. The soil has the function of retaining water and fertilizer: the fine particles in the soil have high water and fertilizer retention capacity, can store a large amount of water and nutrients, and provide a stable supply of water and nutrients for plant growth; humus can improve the soil structure, increase the air permeability and water permeability of the soil, make the soil more loose, and is conducive to the growth and development of plant roots; and the binder can bind clay and humus together to form a stable ecological substrate layer to prevent soil erosion and soil erosion. At the same time, the binder can also improve the strength and stability of the ecological substrate layer, so that it can withstand certain external forces. The ecological substrate layer can provide good soil conditions for plant growth, promote plant growth and development, thereby increasing vegetation coverage, and can also effectively prevent soil erosion and soil erosion and protect the ecological environment. The humus and binder in the ecological substrate layer can improve soil quality, increase soil fertility and air permeability, which is conducive to plant growth and development, and can further promote ecological restoration, improve the ecological environment, and improve the stability and sustainability of the ecosystem.

[0090] The retractable and foldable pipe sleeve is made of EPDM rubber, with a tensile strength of ≥15MPa and a weather-resistant temperature range of -30℃ to 80℃. Since EPDM rubber itself has good elasticity and flexibility, the retractable and foldable pipe sleeve made of it can be freely retracted and folded within a certain range. This feature enables the pipe sleeve to adapt to different space and shape requirements during installation and use. For example, when used in some pipe connection parts that need to be bent or retracted, it can be easily installed and adjusted. The weather-resistant temperature range of the retractable and foldable pipe sleeve is -30℃ to 80℃, which enables it to be used normally in a wide temperature range. Whether it is a cold winter (about -30℃) or a hot summer (about 80℃), the performance of the pipe sleeve will not drop sharply due to temperature changes. This feature enables the pipe sleeve to be used in a variety of areas with different climatic conditions, expanding its application range; the tensile strength of ≥15MPa ensures that the pipe sleeve can withstand a certain amount of tension without breaking during use. The higher tensile strength can ensure the reliability and safety of the pipe sleeve and extend its service life.

[0091] The function of maintaining the stability of the spraying substrate on the slope of the present invention is achieved as follows: the soil nail anchor assembly 1 anchored in the rock slope at the bottom of the rigid bearing body 2 is fixed to the slope, and the overall stability of the slope stabilization base unit is achieved through the anchoring force; when the substrate slides down due to rainfall or other factors, the highly water-absorbent composite material inside the dynamic permeable protective panel 3 will absorb water and expand, providing a certain support force for the sliding spraying substrate; when this expansion force is not enough to support the substrate, the dynamic permeable protective panel 3 will gradually move toward the rigid bearing body 2; when the top plate of the spring 15 in the elastic energy storage support assembly 5 is completely embedded in the dynamic permeable protective panel 3, the elastic The first sensor 141 on the top plate corresponds to the displacement sensor of the dynamic water-permeable protective panel 3. The embedded telescopic plate 13 in the top plate of the spring 15 extends into the preset wedge-shaped slot 18, so that the spring 15 and the dynamic water-permeable protective panel 3 are connected as a whole. At the same time, the locking telescopic rod 16 of the spring 15 component is unlocked, and the spring 15 releases the pre-stored elastic potential energy, providing a support force for the spraying substrate along the slope to prevent the substrate from continuing to slide down, and finally puts the substrate on the slope in a state of extreme equilibrium. After the pre-compressed spring 15 is triggered to rebound for the first time, it will cooperate with the water-absorbing expansion body 6 to deform and provide support for the spraying substrate. The slope stabilization base unit gradually eliminates the downward force of the substrate through the expansion force and the support force of the spring 15 rebound, and maintains the stability of the substrate on the slope.

[0092] The function of maintaining vegetation of the present invention is realized as follows: when rainfall occurs, rainwater enters the dynamic permeable protective panel 3 through infiltration, and the structure is filled with a water-absorbing expansion body 6, which can quickly absorb and fully combine with water. With the absorption of water, the nutrients in the water-absorbing expansion body 6 gradually dissolve in water to form a nutrient-rich solution; when the environment becomes dry and the water in the substrate begins to decrease, due to the difference in matrix suction between the spraying substrate and the water-absorbing expansion body 6, this difference becomes the main mechanical factor driving the flow of water. In the present invention, since the water-absorbing expansion body 6 has a strong water retention capacity (i.e., a lower matrix suction), and the matrix suction of the spraying substrate is relatively high in a dry state, water will spontaneously flow from the water-absorbing expansion body 6 to the spraying substrate to supplement its missing water and nutrients. This process not only realizes the effective utilization and redistribution of rainfall water, reduces the cost of artificial irrigation, but also ensures the continuous water supply and nutrient supplementation of the spraying substrate in a dry environment, thereby contributing to the healthy growth of vegetation in the substrate.

[0093] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the implementation methods and protection scope of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should be aware that all solutions obtained by equivalent substitutions and obvious changes made using the description and illustrations of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A new type of high and steep slope ecological restoration structure, characterized by: include: A slope stabilizing base unit, the surface of which is covered with an ecological substrate layer, and the slope stabilizing base unit comprises a plurality of anti-slip slope stabilizing modules distributed in an array along the slope surface; each of the anti-slip slope stabilizing modules comprises: A rigid bearing body, one side of which has a tenon portion on its outer surface and a mortise portion on its inner surface on the other opposite side, and adjacent rigid bearing bodies are connected by the interlocking connection of the tenon portion and the mortise portion to form a continuous anti-slip action surface; A soil nail anchor assembly, the top of which is rigidly connected to the bottom surface of the rigid bearing body, and the bottom of which is anchored inside the rock slope by vertical drilling and grouting; and The dynamic water-permeable protective panel is connected to the rigid bearing body through a retractable water-permeable connecting piece, and the retractable water-permeable connecting piece includes: The elastic energy storage support assembly is fixed at both ends to the rigid bearing body and the dynamic water-permeable protective panel to provide axial expansion and contraction compensation function; and The water-absorbing expansion body is filled in the peripheral space of the elastic energy storage support component and is composed of a highly water-absorbing composite material.

2. The novel high and steep slope ecological restoration structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The dynamic water-permeable protective panel is also provided with an outer box and an inner box. One end of the outer box is rigidly connected to the dynamic water-permeable protective panel, and the other end is slidably matched with the inner box through a slide rail guide mechanism. The other end of the inner box is fixedly connected to the rigid bearing plate.

3. The novel high and steep slope ecological restoration structure according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The outer box and the inner box are both enclosed by side panels, a top panel and a bottom panel to form a hollow cubic structure. The top panel and the bottom panel are both provided with arrays of water-permeable holes, and the water-permeable holes are covered with water-permeable geotextiles.

4. The novel high and steep slope ecological restoration structure according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The slide rail guide mechanism comprises: Guide slides provided on four sides of the inner box; and The guide rail ridges arranged on the inner wall of the outer casing form a sliding pair with the guide sliding grooves.

5. The novel high and steep slope ecological restoration structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The elastic energy storage support assembly comprises: A pre-compression spring mechanism, comprising a spring, a locking telescopic rod and a corrugated sealing sleeve, wherein: the two ends of the corrugated sealing sleeve are respectively fixed to a rigid bearing plate and a dynamic water-permeable protective plate; one end of the spring is anchored to the rigid bearing plate, and the other end is connected to the spring top plate; the locking telescopic rod is arranged parallel to the side of the spring, and an electromagnetic locking mechanism is provided on the locking telescopic rod to maintain the pre-compression state of the spring under normal conditions; and Displacement trigger mechanism, comprising: An embedded telescopic plate is slidably built into the guide groove of the spring top plate; and A dual-mode sensing unit, comprising a first sensor disposed on both sides of the spring top plate and a second sensor disposed on the inner side of the dynamic water-permeable protective plate; When the displacement of the dynamic water-permeable protective panel reaches the point where the first sensor is relative to the second sensor, the dual-mode sensing unit generates a trigger signal to control the electromagnetic locking mechanism to release the telescopic rod constraint, and at the same time drives the telescopic plate to insert into the wedge-shaped slot of the dynamic water-permeable protective panel, so that the spring releases elastic potential energy to generate reverse slope support force.

6. The novel high and steep slope ecological restoration structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The soil nail anchor assembly adopts a full-length adhesive anchor rod.

7. The novel high and steep slope ecological restoration structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The rigid carrier is recycled construction solid waste, which includes recycled aggregates of construction waste and industrial solid waste that have been harmlessly treated.

8. The novel high and steep slope ecological restoration structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The water-absorbing swelling body comprises 30-40wt% of montmorillonite, 3-4wt% of water-retaining agent and 15-20wt% of bio-gum.

9. The novel high and steep slope ecological restoration structure according to claim 8 is characterized in that: The water-absorbing swelling body further comprises 5-6wt% slow-release compound fertilizer and 5-10wt% natural organic water-absorbing material, wherein the natural organic water-absorbing material is selected from at least one of loofah sponge, cotton fiber or coconut shell fiber.

10. A construction method of the structure according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Clean up the gravel, tree roots, garbage, etc. that need to be processed within the slope range, and clean up from top to bottom to ensure that the slope surface is flat after cleaning; S2. According to the engineering requirements and site conditions, the hole positions of the soil nail anchor components are laid out, and holes are drilled, cleaned and inspected according to the positioning; S3, connecting the anti-slip and slope-stabilizing modules into a row through the tenon and mortise parts of the rigid bearing body, with every four anti-slip and slope-stabilizing modules being assembled into a group; S4. According to the construction drawings, insert the soil nail anchoring components at the bottom of each group of rigid bearing bodies into the corresponding holes and perform grouting; S5, repeat S3-S4 until the assembled width of multiple rows of slope stabilization base units can reach the required width of the slope; S6. Spray the ecological base material layer on the high and steep rock slopes.

Images