Improved offshore pile foundation horizontal bearing capacity detection device and detection method

Abstract

The invention discloses an improved offshore pile foundation horizontal bearing capacity detection device and method.The detection device at least comprises a loading unit, a monitoring device and a counter-force unit, and the loading unit comprises an anti-overturning spiral pile, a connecting cross frame, a self-adaptive fulcrum, a ball hoop system, a self-adaptive steel lever, a steel force application beam and a steel force transmission beam; a plurality of anti-overturning screw piles are driven into water and connected together through a connecting cross frame to form an anti-overturning screw pile foundation, a self-adaptive steel lever is connected with the anti-overturning screw piles through a ball hoop system and a self-adaptive fulcrum, and the short arm end of the self-adaptive steel lever is connected with a test pile through a steel force application beam. The long arm end is connected with a steel high-strength cable through a steel force transmission beam; a digital dynamometer of the monitoring unit is fixed on a steel force application beam, and a holder laser displacement sensor is fixed on a connecting cross frame. The device is adaptive to a test space object and a loading size position, is convenient and efficient to construct and can be repeatedly used, and the detection cost and the time period are greatly reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of offshore pile foundation bearing capacity detection, and specifically relates to an improved offshore pile foundation horizontal bearing capacity detection device and detection method, which is particularly suitable for offshore pile foundation bearing capacity detection and pile foundation ultimate bearing capacity evaluation. Background Art

[0002] At present, various marine facilities such as offshore wind turbines, drilling platforms, cross-sea bridges, and coastal docks are being built on a large scale. Taking offshore wind turbine projects as an example, by the end of 2024, my country has put into operation 120 offshore wind farms with full capacity, covering more than 6,000 offshore wind turbines, of which about 80% of the wind turbine foundations use pile foundations. However, various extreme horizontal loads such as wind, wave, current, and ship collision in the marine environment have put forward high requirements on the horizontal bearing capacity of pile foundations. Therefore, accurate detection of the horizontal bearing capacity of offshore pile foundations is of vital importance to ensure the safe operation of marine projects and extend their service life.

[0003] At present, the horizontal bearing test methods of water pile foundations in engineering projects are mainly divided into two categories: the first category is the horizontal static load test method, which usually drives several reaction anchor piles near the test pile foundation, and then builds a large reaction platform and device on site. The horizontal load is applied to the test pile through large pressure equipment and reaction devices to detect the displacement development of the pile foundation and the deformation and damage of the pile foundation, and then evaluate the bearing capacity of the pile foundation. This method is traditional and reliable, but the economic cost is high, and the single force point may cause the experiment to fail. The second type is the horizontal dynamic test method. In 2017, Professor Zhu Bin's team from Zhejiang University used two anti-collision piles in the flexible pier pile-type anti-collision system of the offshore transmission tower foundation of the large-span transmission line project connecting Zhoushan and the mainland as the test objects, and carried out a horizontal cyclic loading test. The transmission tower body foundation was used to provide the reaction force required for the horizontal loading of the test pile. The horizontal displacement of the test pile was tested by a steel ruler convergence meter between the test pile and the reaction pile. The loading system consisted of a steel wire rope, a special 40 t hand winch, a connecting plate and an axial force gauge. The hand winch was used to apply the horizontal cyclic load to the test pile. The test revealed the interaction law between piles and soil under horizontal cyclic loads and the development law of pile foundation horizontal displacement and pile bending moment. However, due to the difficulty and duplication of conducting horizontal dynamic in-situ tests on pile foundations on water, this type of method needs further research.

[0004] Patent document No. 2023102484732 discloses a lever-type horizontal bearing capacity detection device for pile foundations on water. The device uses a loading system composed of a bracket, a fulcrum, a lever, and a beam to apply load, and transmits load through the beam connected to the test pile and the test ship. There are four shortcomings in this device: first, the slender bracket is not stable enough, and it will bend or even be damaged due to the torque generated by the beam and the steel high-strength cable when the test pile is loaded; second, the lateral connection between the lever and the bracket will cause eccentric loading on the bracket, causing the bracket to bend or even be damaged; third, the hinged connection between the lever and the fulcrum cannot limit the lever to be in a vertical plane during the test, causing it to be easily affected by loads such as waves and swing sideways, affecting the accuracy of the test results; fourth, the vertically arranged lever is not easy to adjust the proportional relationship between the long arm and the short arm, and cannot guarantee a large loading requirement. Therefore, it is urgent to develop an improved device and method for detecting the horizontal bearing capacity of offshore pile foundations, which can not only overcome the defects of the prior art, simplify the test process, reduce the test cost and cycle, but also adapt to the complex and changeable marine environment. Summary of the invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an improved offshore pile foundation horizontal bearing capacity detection device and detection method in view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art. The device and detection method are adaptive to the test object, the loading size and position, the construction is convenient and efficient, and the device can be reused, which greatly reduces the detection cost and time period.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above technical problems is: An improved offshore pile foundation horizontal bearing capacity detection device is arranged near a test pile to be tested, and at least comprises a loading unit, a monitoring unit and a reaction force unit, wherein the loading unit comprises an anti-overturning spiral pile, a connecting cross frame, an adaptive fulcrum, a ball hoop system, an adaptive steel lever, a steel force beam and a steel force transmission beam, wherein the anti-overturning spiral pile is driven into water, and a plurality of anti-overturning spiral piles are connected together through the connecting cross frame to form an anti-overturning spiral pile foundation, wherein the adaptive fulcrum is arranged on the anti-overturning spiral pile of the anti-overturning spiral pile foundation close to the test pile, wherein the adaptive steel lever is connected to the anti-overturning spiral pile through the ball hoop system and the adaptive fulcrum, and wherein the adaptive steel lever is divided into two ends of different lengths with the adaptive fulcrum as the center, wherein the long end is a long arm end, and the short end is a short arm end. end, the adaptive steel lever is located on one side of the short arm end and is connected to the test pile through the steel force beam; the adaptive steel lever is located on the other side of the long arm end (the opposite side of the side where the short arm end is connected to the steel force beam) and is welded and fixed to one end of the steel force transmission beam, the other end of the steel force transmission beam is flexibly connected to one end of the steel high-strength cable, and the other end of the steel high-strength cable is connected to the reaction unit; the monitoring unit includes a digital dynamometer and a pan-tilt laser displacement sensor, the digital dynamometer is fixed on the steel force beam, and is used to measure the axial force of the steel force beam; the pan-tilt laser displacement sensor is fixed on the connecting cross frame, and is used to non-contact monitor the deformation displacement of the test pile; the reaction unit is a winch or servo loading system on the test hull.

[0007] According to the above scheme, 3 to 5 anti-overturning spiral piles are provided, and each anti-overturning spiral pile is formed by adding a large-diameter anti-overturning spiral blade on the upper part of the spiral pile.

[0008] According to the above scheme, the ball-and-ring system is sleeved on the adaptive fulcrum (welded connection), and the adaptive lever is sleeved on the ball-and-ring system (welded connection). The ball-and-ring system limits the adaptive steel lever to rotate only in the horizontal plane with the adaptive fulcrum as the center (and at the same time can reduce rotational friction).

[0009] According to the above scheme, the adaptive steel lever is made of high-quality alloy steel plate and has an arc shape with a wide short arm end and a narrow long arm end.

[0010] According to the above scheme, the short arm end of the adaptive steel lever is welded and fixed to one end of the steel force beam, the other end of the steel force beam is temporarily welded to the outer wall of the test pile, the end of the steel force beam connected to the test pile is cut into an inward "concave" shape, the curvature of the concave shape is consistent with the curvature of the outer wall of the test pile, and the steel force beam is temporarily welded to the outer wall of the test pile (to avoid slippage at the connection between the steel force beam and the test pile during the test loading process).

[0011] According to the above scheme, the ratio of the long arm end to the short arm end of the adaptive steel lever is 2:1~5:1.

[0012] According to the above scheme, the steel force beam and the steel force transmission beam are made of high-quality alloy steel plates, which are long and narrow in width and are in the shape of long strips; the steel force beam and the steel force transmission beam are arranged at 90° with the adaptive steel lever as a whole.

[0013] According to the above scheme, for small-diameter pile foundations, the reaction force unit only uses a winch to provide the test reaction force; for large-tonnage and large-diameter pile foundations, the reaction force unit uses a winch and a servo loading system at the same time.

[0014] The present invention also provides a method for detecting the horizontal bearing capacity of an offshore pile foundation using the improved offshore pile foundation horizontal bearing capacity detection device, comprising the following steps: (1) Preliminary preparation: According to the project requirements, survey and select the test site, design the test plan and test equipment of corresponding specifications according to the specifications of the test piles to be tested and the bearing capacity requirements, prefabricate and prepare the corresponding test piles, adaptive steel levers, steel force beams, steel force transmission beams, adaptive fulcrums, ball hoop systems, anti-overturning spiral piles, connecting cross frames, steel high-strength cables, digital dynamometers, pan-tilt laser displacement sensors and reaction units; (2) On-site deployment: transport the detection device to the vicinity of the sea area where the test pile is to be tested, first sink the test pile, keep the pile body vertical during the sinking process, and the inclination must be within the allowable range of the project. Then bury the anti-overturning spiral pile at a position 2-4 times the pile diameter of the test pile, erect the adaptive steel lever, the connecting cross frame, the steel force beam, the steel force transmission beam, the adaptive fulcrum, and deploy the digital dynamometer, the pan-tilt laser displacement sensor, the steel high-strength cable and the reaction unit; (3) Gradual loading test: by activating the reaction force unit, gradually performing graded loading, and simultaneously recording the axial force of the steel force beam measured by the dynamometer and the horizontal displacement of the test pile measured by the pan-tilt laser displacement sensor under each load level; (4) Subsequent work: After the experiment, the detection device will be recovered, the test data will be processed, the load-displacement curve will be drawn, the load-displacement curve of the pile foundation will be analyzed, the ultimate bearing capacity of the pile foundation will be evaluated, and the horizontal bearing capacity test of the offshore pile foundation will be completed.

[0015] According to the above scheme, in step (2), for multiple adjacent test piles, the adaptive support point is set at a suitable position, so that one adaptive support point can detect multiple test piles at the same time.

[0016] Compared with the traditional horizontal bearing capacity testing method, the improved offshore pile foundation horizontal bearing capacity testing device and method of the present invention has huge economic and efficiency advantages, mainly including: 1. The reaction force of this method can be provided by the anti-overturning spiral pile foundation. It is no longer necessary to set up a circle of high-bearing anchor piles around the test piles and build a large platform to provide reaction force. The anti-overturning spiral pile foundation can not only reduce the conventional large reaction force platform to a connection platform for anti-overturning spiral piles, but its huge anti-overturning capacity can also reduce the number of spiral piles, thus reducing the huge economic and time costs of manufacturing and installing reaction force anchor piles and platforms in the anchor pile method test; 2. The test object is adaptive. For multiple adjacent test piles, adaptive fulcrums can be set up at appropriate positions to achieve the purpose of completing multiple test pile tests at the same time. At the same time, the test equipment of this method can be recycled and reused, with significant economic benefits; 3. Loading size is adaptive. This method can meet the test requirements of test piles of different sizes by adjusting the size ratio between the long arm end and the short arm end of the adaptive steel lever and the number of anti-overturning spiral piles. During the test loading, the shielding effect of the pile group of the anti-overturning spiral pile foundation is opposite to the force direction of the test pile, so that the anti-overturning spiral piles can be dynamically added, which has a wide range of applications. 4. Loading position adaptation. This method can adjust the height of the adaptive steel lever to meet the test pile requirements of different loading positions. At the same time, compared with the horizontal tension applied by direct towing of the ship, this method can limit the applied horizontal tension to the action plane of the adaptive steel lever, avoiding the continuous change of the horizontal tension direction caused by the shaking of the hull during direct towing, which in turn causes excessive test errors. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is an overall schematic diagram of the offshore pile foundation horizontal bearing capacity detection device of the present invention; Figure 2 It is an overall top view of the offshore pile foundation horizontal bearing capacity detection device of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of a single anti-overturning spiral pile in the present invention; Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of the adaptive steel lever in the present invention, in combination with the steel force beam and the steel force transmission beam; Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of the ball hoop system in the present invention; Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of the connecting cross frame in the present invention; In the figure: 1-test pile, 2-adaptive steel lever, 3-steel force beam, 4-steel force transmission beam, 5-adaptive fulcrum, 6-ball hoop system, 7-anti-overturning spiral pile, 8-connecting cross frame, 9-steel high-strength cable, 10-digital dynamometer, 11-pan-tilt laser displacement sensor, 12-reaction unit. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but it should be understood that the protection scope of the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments. Unless otherwise expressly indicated, throughout the specification and claims, the term "comprise" or its variations such as "comprises" or "comprising" etc. will be understood to include the stated elements or components, without excluding other elements or other components.

[0019] like Figure 1-6As shown, an improved offshore pile foundation horizontal bearing capacity detection device described in the present invention is arranged near a test pile 1 to be tested, and includes a loading unit, a monitoring unit and a reaction unit. The loading unit includes an anti-overturning spiral pile 7, a connecting cross frame 8, an adaptive fulcrum 5, a ball hoop system 6 (a hoop system composed of balls), an adaptive steel lever 2, a steel force beam 3 and a steel force transmission beam 4. The anti-overturning spiral pile 7 is driven into the water, and a plurality of anti-overturning spiral piles 7 are connected together by the connecting cross frame 8 to form an anti-overturning spiral pile foundation. The adaptive fulcrum 5 is arranged on the anti-overturning spiral piles in the front row (close to the test pile 1) of the anti-overturning spiral pile foundation. The adaptive steel lever 2 is connected to the anti-overturning spiral pile 7 through the ball hoop system 6 and the adaptive fulcrum 5. The ball hoop system 6 can reduce rotational friction while limiting the adaptive steel lever 2 to rotate only in the horizontal plane with the adaptive fulcrum 5 as the center of the circle. For multiple adjacent test piles 1, the adaptive fulcrum 5 is arranged at a suitable position, so that one adaptive fulcrum 5 can detect multiple test piles at the same time. 1. Significant economic benefits; the adaptive steel lever 2 is divided into two ends of different lengths with the adaptive fulcrum 5 as the center, the long end is the long arm end, and the short end is the short arm end. The short arm end of the adaptive steel lever 2 is connected to the test pile 1 through the steel force beam 3, one side of the short arm end is welded and fixed to one end of the steel force beam 3, and the other end of the steel force beam 3 is temporarily welded to the outer wall of the test pile 1 (to avoid slippage at the connection between the steel force beam 3 and the test pile 1 during the test loading process), and the steel force beam 3 and the test pile 1 are connected. One end of the connection is cut into an inward "concave" shape, and the curvature of the concave shape is consistent with the curvature of the outer wall of the test pile 1; the other side of the long arm end of the adaptive steel lever 2 (the opposite side of the short arm end connected to the steel force beam 3) is welded and fixed to one end of the steel force transmission beam 4, and the other end of the steel force transmission beam 4 is flexibly connected to one end of the steel high-strength cable 9, and the other end of the steel high-strength cable 9 is connected to the reaction unit 12, and the steel force beam 3 and the steel force transmission beam 4 are arranged at 90° to the adaptive steel lever 2 as a whole.

[0020] The monitoring unit includes a digital dynamometer 10 and a pan-tilt laser displacement sensor 11. The digital dynamometer 10 is fixed on the steel force beam 3 and is used to measure the axial force of the steel force beam 3. Under quasi-static conditions, the axial force of the steel force beam 3 is the same as the horizontal thrust applied to the pile foundation, so that the horizontal force acting on the pile foundation can be monitored in real time; the pan-tilt laser displacement sensor 11 is fixed on the connecting cross frame 8 and is used for non-contact monitoring of the deformation displacement of the test pile 1. The pan-tilt laser displacement sensor has the characteristics of high precision and fast response. It uses the principle of laser triangulation to shoot a visible red laser to the test point marked on the test pile in advance. The reflected laser passes through the receiver lens and is received by the internal CCD camera. The distance between the output sensor and the test pile is analyzed by the digital circuit processing, and the horizontal displacement of the test pile is obtained after processing. The anti-shake system of the pan-tilt can provide a stable support platform for the laser displacement sensor, ensuring that the digital laser displacement sensor will not be affected by fluctuations such as water flow and wind during the measurement process, thereby improving the stability and accuracy of the measurement. In the actual test, the axial force of the steel force beam and the horizontal displacement of the test pile 1 can be designed into an automatic acquisition mode, and the relevant test results can be input into the post-processing computer in real time, and the horizontal load-displacement response of the test pile 1 can be drawn through data processing ( p - y ) curve to evaluate its horizontal load-bearing characteristics.

[0021] The reaction unit 12 is a winch or servo loading system on the test hull. When conducting the test, the reaction unit 12 can be turned on to provide tension to the high-strength steel cable 9. Under the action of the force, the adaptive steel lever 2 will rotate with the adaptive fulcrum 5, so that the horizontal steel force beam 3 will generate a horizontal thrust on the test pile 1. For small-diameter pile foundations, only the winch is required to provide the test reaction force; for large-tonnage and large-diameter pile foundations, it is necessary to use both the winch and the servo loading system to meet the horizontal bearing test requirements for high-bearing-capacity pile foundations.

[0022] The anti-overturning spiral pile 7 changes the structure of the traditional spiral pile by adding a large-diameter anti-overturning spiral blade on the upper part of the spiral pile, thereby improving the bearing capacity of the pile body, especially the anti-overturning capacity. Its huge anti-overturning capacity can also reduce the number of spiral piles, reducing the huge economic and time costs of manufacturing and installing reaction anchor piles and platforms in the anchor pile method test; in the embodiment, the anti-overturning spiral piles 7 can be 3 to 5.

[0023] The adaptive steel lever 2 is made of high-quality alloy steel plate, and has an arc shape with a wide short arm end and a narrow long arm end, so as to improve the rigidity of the force-applying end. At the same time, the size of the adaptive steel lever 2 is designed according to the design bearing capacity of the test pile 1, so that the bending rigidity of the adaptive steel lever 2 is much greater than the ultimate bearing capacity of the test pile 1, thereby avoiding bending of the adaptive steel lever 2 during the test loading process.

[0024] The steel force beam 3 and the steel force transmission beam 4 are made of high-quality alloy steel plates. The steel plates are relatively long and narrow in width, and are in the shape of long strips.

[0025] The method for detecting the horizontal bearing capacity of an offshore pile foundation by the improved offshore pile foundation horizontal bearing capacity detection device according to the embodiment of the present invention comprises the following steps: (1) Preliminary preparation: According to the project requirements, survey and select the test site, design the test plan and test equipment of corresponding specifications according to the specifications of the test piles to be tested and the bearing capacity requirements, prefabricate and prepare the corresponding test piles 1, adaptive steel levers 2, steel force beams 3, steel force transmission beams 4, adaptive fulcrums 5, ball hoop systems 6, anti-overturning spiral piles 7, connecting cross frames 8, steel high-strength cables 9, digital dynamometers 10, pan-tilt laser displacement sensors 11 and reaction units 12; (2) On-site deployment: transport the detection device to the vicinity of the sea area where the test pile 1 is to be tested. First, sink the test pile 1. During the sinking process, keep the pile body vertical and the inclination within the allowable range of the project. Then bury the anti-overturning spiral pile 7 at a distance of 2-4 times the pile diameter of the test pile. Set up the adaptive steel lever 2, connecting cross frame 8, steel force beam 3, steel force transmission beam 4, adaptive fulcrum 5, and deploy the digital dynamometer 10, pan-tilt laser displacement sensor 11, steel high-strength cable 9, and reaction unit 12. For multiple adjacent test piles 1, the adaptive fulcrum 5 is set at a suitable position to achieve simultaneous detection of multiple test piles 1 by one adaptive fulcrum 5. (3) Gradual loading test: by activating the reaction force unit, the loading is gradually carried out in stages, and at the same time, the axial force of the steel force beam measured by the digital dynamometer 10 and the horizontal displacement of the test pile 1 measured by the pan-tilt laser displacement sensor 11 are recorded at each load level; (4) Subsequent work: After the experiment, the detection device will be recovered, the test data will be processed, the load-displacement curve will be drawn, the load-displacement curve of the pile foundation will be analyzed, the ultimate bearing capacity of the pile foundation will be evaluated, and the horizontal bearing capacity test of the offshore pile foundation will be completed.

[0026] The present invention is not limited to the applications listed in the specification and implementation modes. For those skilled in the art, various corresponding changes and modifications can be made according to the present invention, and the corresponding changes and modifications all fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An improved offshore pile foundation horizontal bearing capacity detection device, arranged near the pile to be tested, characterized in that: The invention at least comprises a loading unit, a monitoring device and a reaction force unit, wherein the loading unit comprises an anti-overturning spiral pile, a connecting cross frame, an adaptive fulcrum, a ball hoop system, an adaptive steel lever, a steel force beam and a steel force transmission beam, wherein the anti-overturning spiral pile is driven into water, and a plurality of anti-overturning spiral piles are connected together through the connecting cross frame to form an anti-overturning spiral pile foundation, wherein the adaptive fulcrum is arranged on the anti-overturning spiral pile of the anti-overturning spiral pile foundation close to the test pile, wherein the adaptive steel lever is connected to the anti-overturning spiral pile through the ball hoop system and the adaptive fulcrum, and wherein the adaptive steel lever is divided into two ends of different lengths with the adaptive fulcrum as the center, and the long end is a long arm end The short end is a short arm end, and the short arm end is connected to the test pile through the steel force beam; the long arm end is welded and fixed to one end of the steel force transmission beam, and the other end of the steel force transmission beam is flexibly connected to one end of the steel high-strength cable, and the other end of the steel high-strength cable is connected to the reaction unit; the monitoring unit includes a digital dynamometer and a pan-tilt laser displacement sensor, the digital dynamometer is fixed on the steel force beam, and is used to measure the axial force of the steel force beam; the pan-tilt laser displacement sensor is fixed on the connecting cross frame, and is used to non-contact monitor the deformation displacement of the test pile; the reaction unit is a winch or servo loading system on the test hull.

2. The improved offshore pile foundation horizontal bearing capacity detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anti-overturning spiral piles are provided in 3 to 5 numbers, and each anti-overturning spiral pile is formed by adding a large-diameter anti-overturning spiral blade on the upper part of the spiral pile.

3. The improved offshore pile foundation horizontal bearing capacity detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ball hoop system is sleeved on the adaptive fulcrum, and the adaptive lever is sleeved on the ball hoop system. The ball hoop system restricts the adaptive steel lever to rotate only in a horizontal plane with the adaptive fulcrum as the center.

4. The improved offshore pile foundation horizontal bearing capacity detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The self-adaptive steel lever is made of high-quality alloy steel plate, and has an arc shape with a wide short arm end and a narrow long arm end.

5. The improved offshore pile foundation horizontal bearing capacity detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The short arm end of the adaptive steel lever is welded and fixed to one end of the steel force beam, and the other end of the steel force beam is temporarily welded to the outer wall of the test pile. The end of the steel force beam connected to the test pile is cut into an inward "concave" shape, and the curvature of the concave shape is consistent with the curvature of the outer wall of the test pile. The steel force beam is temporarily welded to the outer wall of the test pile.

6. The improved offshore pile foundation horizontal bearing capacity detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ratio of the long arm end to the short arm end of the adaptive steel lever is 2:1-5:

1.

7. The improved offshore pile foundation horizontal bearing capacity detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steel force beam and the steel force transmission beam are made of high-quality alloy steel plates, which are relatively long and narrow in width, and are in the shape of long strips; the steel force beam and the steel force transmission beam are arranged at 90 degrees with the adaptive steel lever as a whole.

8. The improved offshore pile foundation horizontal bearing capacity detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: For small-diameter pile foundations, the reaction force unit only uses a winch to provide the test reaction force; for large-tonnage and large-diameter pile foundations, the reaction force unit uses both a winch and a servo loading system.

9. A method for testing the horizontal bearing capacity of an offshore pile foundation using the improved offshore pile foundation horizontal bearing capacity testing device as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Preliminary preparation: According to the project requirements, survey and select the test site, design the test plan and test equipment of corresponding specifications according to the specifications of the test piles to be tested and the bearing capacity requirements, prefabricate and prepare the corresponding test piles, adaptive steel levers, steel force beams, steel force transmission beams, adaptive fulcrums, ball hoop systems, anti-overturning spiral piles, connecting cross frames, steel high-strength cables, digital dynamometers, pan-tilt laser displacement sensors and reaction units; (2) On-site deployment: transport the detection device to the vicinity of the sea area where the test pile is to be tested, first sink the test pile, keep the pile body vertical during the sinking process, and the inclination must be within the allowable range of the project. Then bury the anti-overturning spiral pile at a position 2-4 times the pile diameter of the test pile, erect the adaptive steel lever, the connecting cross frame, the steel force beam, the steel force transmission beam, the adaptive fulcrum, and deploy the digital dynamometer, the pan-tilt laser displacement sensor, the steel high-strength cable and the reaction unit; (3) Gradual loading test: by activating the reaction force unit, gradually performing graded loading, and simultaneously recording the axial force of the steel force beam measured by the dynamometer and the horizontal displacement of the test pile measured by the pan-tilt laser displacement sensor under each load level; (4) Subsequent work: After the experiment, the detection device will be recovered, the test data will be processed, the load-displacement curve will be drawn, the load-displacement curve of the pile foundation will be analyzed, the ultimate bearing capacity of the pile foundation will be evaluated, and the horizontal bearing capacity test of the offshore pile foundation will be completed.

10. The method for testing the horizontal bearing capacity of offshore pile foundations using the improved offshore pile foundation horizontal bearing capacity testing device according to claim 9, characterized in that: In the step (2), for multiple adjacent test piles, the adaptive support is set at a suitable position, so that one adaptive support can detect multiple test piles at the same time.

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