High-damping anti-drawing three-dimensional seismic mitigation and isolation support

Abstract

According to the high-damping anti-drawing three-dimensional seismic mitigation and isolation support, the long-term load borne by the metal rubber composite spring is reduced, and the service life of the metal rubber composite spring is prolonged. The vertical seismic mitigation and isolation assembly and the horizontal seismic mitigation and isolation assembly are connected and fixed. The metal-rubber composite spring is arranged between the vertical seismic mitigation and isolation top plate and the vertical seismic mitigation and isolation bottom plate, the upper end of the metal-rubber composite spring is fixed with the vertical seismic mitigation and isolation top plate, and the lower end of the metal-rubber composite spring is fixed with the vertical seismic mitigation and isolation bottom plate; the upper supporting seat is fixed on the vertical seismic mitigation and isolation top plate, and the lower supporting seat is fixed on the vertical seismic mitigation and isolation bottom plate; the shear fork lifting mechanism is movably arranged between the upper supporting base and the lower supporting base, the upper bearing base is slidably connected to the lower portion of the upper supporting base, and the lower bearing base is slidably connected to the upper portion of the lower supporting base. The upper end of the scissor fork is connected with the upper bearing seat, and the lower end is connected with the lower bearing seat; the elastic supporting mechanism is connected with the shear fork and elastically supports the shear fork.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of building seismic isolation, and in particular relates to a high-damping and pull-out resistant three-dimensional seismic isolation bearing. Background Art

[0002] With the improvement of urban rail transit network and the increasing demand for TOD (Transit-Oriented Development) project development, higher requirements are placed on the seismic resistance and isolation performance of building structures. Traditional horizontal isolation bearings, such as natural rubber isolation bearings, lead rubber isolation bearings and high-damping rubber isolation bearings, can mainly block horizontal vibration energy, lack the ability to isolate the vertical vibration of the environment, and cannot cope with the impact of vibration and traffic vibration in multiple directions at the same time. However, in the context of building residential and commercial areas in the depot and station cover space, such buildings need to meet the basic requirements of vibration resistance and solve the vertical vibration problem caused by train operation. In order to meet the dual needs of seismic resistance and isolation of building structures in the development of TOD projects, the research and development of shock-absorbing bearings has become an important direction. Such bearings need to have the functions of horizontal isolation and vertical isolation at the same time to achieve dual control of vertical micro-vibration and vibration caused by the structure.

[0003] Patents in the field of seismic isolation technology for some buildings are disclosed in the prior art. Through the combination of vertical shock absorbing devices and horizontal shock absorbing energy, three-dimensional seismic isolation of the structure in the vertical and horizontal directions is realized. For example, the Chinese patent with application number 202021900229.8 discloses a spring-type triple friction pendulum seismic isolation support, including a support top plate, an embedded slider, and a support bottom plate; the embedded slider is located in the support top plate and the support bottom plate, and a first friction surface and a second friction surface are formed between the embedded slider and the support top plate and the support bottom plate, respectively; a guide cylinder is fixedly arranged on the top surface of the support top plate in the vertical direction, a slide cylinder is inserted in the axial direction of the guide cylinder, an upper connecting plate is fixedly arranged on the top of the slide cylinder, and a plurality of seismic isolation springs are installed between the upper connecting plate and the support top plate, and the two ends of the seismic isolation spring are respectively fixedly connected to the upper connecting plate and the support top plate, and under the action of the seismic isolation spring, the slide cylinder can move relatively in the axial direction of the guide cylinder.

[0004] In the existing building seismic isolation bearings, the spring can be specifically selected as a metal-rubber composite spring. For example, in the Chinese patent application number 201320691695.3, a bridge shock-absorbing and vibration-isolating device is disclosed, including a mounting bearing, a core shaft mounted on the mounting bearing, and a rubber spring group sleeved on the core shaft, wherein the rubber spring group includes an outer first rubber spring and an inner second rubber spring sleeved on each other, and the first rubber spring is an integrated rubber-metal composite spring formed by a rubber and metal spring spiral composite. The metal-rubber composite spring combines the characteristics of stable static stiffness, wide environmental applicability, and large bearing capacity of the pre-stressed spiral steel spring with the characteristics of good damping performance and strong high-frequency vibration absorption ability of the rubber material, and has excellent vibration reduction performance and stability. However, when the rubber material is subjected to load alone for a long time, it will age, harden, become brittle, and lose its original elasticity and toughness, which significantly reduces the resilience of the spring and has an adverse effect on the overall life of the spring. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art and to provide a high-damping, pull-out-resistant, three-dimensional seismic isolation bearing with a reasonable structural design, thereby reducing the long-term load borne by the metal-rubber composite spring and extending the service life of the metal-rubber composite spring.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: a high-damping and pull-out resistant three-dimensional seismic isolation bearing, comprising a vertical seismic isolation component and a horizontal seismic isolation component, the vertical seismic isolation component is located at the upper part of the building seismic isolation bearing, the horizontal seismic isolation component is located at the lower part of the building seismic isolation bearing, and the vertical seismic isolation component and the horizontal seismic isolation component are connected and fixed; the vertical seismic isolation component comprises a vertical seismic isolation top plate, a metal-rubber composite spring and a vertical seismic isolation bottom plate; the metal-rubber composite spring is arranged between the vertical seismic isolation top plate and the vertical seismic isolation bottom plate, the upper end of the metal-rubber composite spring is fixed to the vertical seismic isolation top plate, and the lower end is fixed to the vertical seismic isolation bottom plate; it is characterized in that it also includes a support component; the support component comprises an upper support seat, a lower support seat, a scissors lifting mechanism, a connecting rod mechanism and an elastic support mechanism The upper support seat is fixed on the vertical shock-absorbing and isolating top plate, and the lower support seat is fixed on the vertical shock-absorbing and isolating bottom plate; the scissors-fork lifting mechanism is movably arranged between the upper support seat and the lower support seat, and the scissors-fork lifting mechanism includes an upper load-bearing seat, a lower load-bearing seat and a scissors-fork; the upper load-bearing seat is slidably connected to the bottom of the upper support seat, and the lower load-bearing seat is slidably connected to the top of the lower support seat; the upper end of the scissors-fork is connected to the upper load-bearing seat, and the lower end is connected to the lower load-bearing seat; the elastic support mechanism is connected to the scissors-fork, and it elastically supports the scissors-fork; the scissors-fork lifting mechanism is connected to the vertical shock-absorbing and isolating top plate through a connecting rod mechanism. When the building body is vibrated, the vertical shock-absorbing and isolating top plate pushes the scissors-fork lifting mechanism to move between the upper support seat and the lower support seat. When the vibration is too large, the vertical shock-absorbing and isolating top plate can push the scissors-fork lifting mechanism to move to the outside of the upper support seat and the lower support seat.

[0007] The upper load-bearing seat of the present invention is equipped with an upper load-bearing wheel, and the lower load-bearing seat is equipped with a lower load-bearing wheel; a plurality of track grooves are opened on the lower support seat, and the lower load-bearing wheels are rollingly connected in the track grooves; the upper load-bearing wheels are rollingly connected to the bottom of the upper support seat.

[0008] The elastic support mechanism described in the present invention is an elastic telescopic rod or a support spring; when it is an elastic telescopic rod, one end of the elastic telescopic rod is connected to the scissors fork, and the other end is connected to the lower load-bearing seat; when it is a support spring, one end of the support spring is connected to the scissors fork, and the other end is connected to the lower load-bearing seat.

[0009] The scissors fork described in the present invention comprises a support rod 1, a support rod 2, an upper rail wheel and a lower rail wheel; the lower load-bearing seat is connected to a lower transfer seat, the upper load-bearing seat is connected to an upper transfer seat, and the upper transfer seat and the lower transfer seat are rotatably connected with the support rod 1; the lower load-bearing seat is connected to a lower rail, and the lower rail is connected with a lower rail wheel, the upper load-bearing seat is connected to an upper rail, and the upper rail is connected with an upper rail wheel, the upper rail and the lower rail are rotatably connected with the support rod 2, and the support rod 1 and the support rod 2 are rotatably connected together via a transfer shaft.

[0010] The connecting rod mechanism described in the present invention includes an upper adapter, a lower adapter and an adapter rod; the lower adapter is fixedly installed on the scissor lift mechanism, the upper adapter is fixedly installed on the vertical shock-absorbing top plate, one end of the adapter rod is hinged to the lower adapter, and the other end is hinged to the upper adapter.

[0011] The metal-rubber composite spring described in the present invention includes a guiding metal bearing, an upper top plate of a composite spring, a prestressed spiral steel spring, a rubber sleeve and a lower bottom plate of a composite spring; the upper end of the rubber sleeve is fixed to the upper top plate of the composite spring, and the lower end is fixed to the lower bottom plate of the composite spring; the rubber sleeve has built-in vertical guiding metal bearings and prestressed spiral steel springs; the upper end of the prestressed spiral steel spring is connected to the upper top plate of the composite spring, and the lower end is connected to the lower bottom plate of the composite spring; the upper end of the vertical guiding metal bearing is connected to the upper top plate of the composite spring, and the lower end is connected to the lower bottom plate of the composite spring; the upper top plate of the composite spring is fixed to the vertical seismic isolation top plate, and the lower bottom plate of the composite spring is fixed to the vertical seismic isolation bottom plate 4.

[0012] A plurality of lower pull rings in a circular array are fixed on the top of the vertical shock-absorbing and isolation bottom plate of the present invention, and a plurality of upper pull rings in a circular array are fixed on the bottom of the vertical shock-absorbing and isolation top plate. A circle of cables are connected to the lower pull rings and the upper pull rings. The cables are evenly crossed and wrapped around the metal-rubber composite springs through the pull rings, and simultaneously connect the vertical shock-absorbing and isolation top plate and the vertical shock-absorbing and isolation bottom plate.

[0013] The horizontal seismic isolation assembly described in the present invention includes a horizontal seismic isolation top plate, a friction pendulum cover plate, a friction pendulum slider and a friction pendulum base; the horizontal seismic isolation top plate is fixed to the bottom of the vertical seismic isolation bottom plate; the friction pendulum cover plate is fixed to the bottom of the horizontal seismic isolation top plate; the friction pendulum slider is arranged between the friction pendulum cover plate and the friction pendulum base, the top of the friction pendulum slider is slidably connected to the friction pendulum cover plate, and the bottom is slidably connected to the friction pendulum base.

[0014] The horizontal seismic isolation assembly described in the present invention also includes an anti-pullout blade and an anti-pullout plate; the anti-pullout blade is fixedly mounted on the friction pendulum cover plate, the anti-pullout plate is fixedly mounted on the friction pendulum base, and the anti-pullout blade slides against the bottom of the anti-pullout plate.

[0015] The bottom surface of the anti-pulling plate, the top surface of the anti-pulling blade and the top surface of the friction pendulum base of the present invention have the same curvature radius.

[0016] In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. It realizes dual control of seismic isolation and shock absorption in three-dimensional directions. The bearing has higher adaptability and stability when dealing with complex vibration environments. While maintaining a high bearing capacity, it also has good deformation ability, energy consumption characteristics and stable durability.

[0017] 2. When the building is not subjected to great vibration, the building seismic isolation bearing utilizes the elastic support mechanism and the metal-rubber composite spring to jointly play an elastic support effect, which reduces the long-term load borne by the metal-rubber composite spring and prolongs the service life of the metal-rubber composite spring, thereby enabling the metal-rubber composite spring to be in the best working condition.

[0018] 3. When the vibration is very large, the vertical shock-absorbing and isolating top plate pushes the scissor lift mechanism to move the upper support seat and the lower support seat, and the supporting effect of the scissor lift mechanism disappears, providing a larger elastic deformation space for the metal-rubber composite spring, and making full use of the elastic characteristics of the metal-rubber composite spring to achieve a shock-absorbing effect on the building.

[0019] 4. The support assembly provides additional support in the horizontal direction of the vertical seismic isolation assembly, further improving the anti-overturning ability.

[0020] 5. The vertical guide metal bearing and outer ring cable provide the support with vertical limit, anti-pullout and anti-overturning capabilities, ensuring the stability and safety of the support during use.

[0021] 6. It has anti-pullout and anti-overturning functions along the entire operating path, avoiding the possibility of the structure overturning or falling off due to vertical tension.

[0022] 7. It can effectively reduce the horizontal and vertical stiffness of the structure, stably dissipate vibration and vibration energy. At the same time, it is easy to install and maintain, has a simple structure, and has high economic benefits. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of another viewing angle of the first embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the decomposed structure of the first embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the first embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic structural diagram of a vertical seismic isolation and vibration reduction bottom plate portion of an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic structural diagram of the upper and lower load-bearing seats of the first embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic structural diagram of a horizontal seismic isolation assembly according to a first embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of a horizontal seismic isolation assembly according to a first embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 9 This is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of a metal-rubber composite spring according to a first embodiment of the present invention; Fig.10 Embodiment 1 of the present invention Figure 1 The enlarged structural diagram at A in the middle; Fig.11 It is a schematic diagram of the partial structure of a support assembly according to a first embodiment of the present invention; Fig.12 It is a partial cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of a support assembly according to a first embodiment of the present invention; Fig.13 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of Embodiment 2 of the present invention; Fig.14 Embodiment 2 of the present invention Fig.13 The enlarged structural diagram at B in the middle; Fig.15 It is a schematic diagram of the partial structure of the support assembly in the second embodiment of the present invention; Fig.16 It is a schematic diagram of a partial cross-sectional structure of the support assembly in the second embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and by way of examples. The following examples are intended to explain the present invention but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.

[0025] Embodiment 1.

[0026] Please refer to the accompanying drawings, the embodiment of the present invention includes a vertical seismic isolation assembly, a horizontal seismic isolation assembly and a support assembly.

[0027] The vertical seismic isolation assembly is located at the upper part of the building vibration isolation support, and the horizontal seismic isolation assembly is located at the lower part of the building vibration isolation support. Connection ports are provided at the bottom of the vertical seismic isolation assembly and the top of the horizontal seismic isolation assembly. The vertical seismic isolation assembly and the horizontal seismic isolation assembly are tightly connected and fixed by bolts through two sets of connection ports.

[0028] The vertical seismic isolation assembly comprises a vertical seismic isolation top plate 1 , a metal-rubber composite spring 2 , a vertical seismic isolation bottom plate 4 and a cable 5 .

[0029] The vertical seismic isolation top plate 1 is located above the vertical seismic isolation bottom plate 4, the metal-rubber composite spring 2 is arranged between the vertical seismic isolation top plate 1 and the vertical seismic isolation bottom plate 4, the upper end of the metal-rubber composite spring 2 is fixed to the vertical seismic isolation top plate 1, and the lower end is fixed to the vertical seismic isolation bottom plate 4.

[0030] The metal-rubber composite spring 2 includes a guide metal bearing 3, a composite spring upper top plate 14, a preloaded spiral steel spring 15, a rubber sleeve 16 and a composite spring lower bottom plate 17. The upper end of the rubber sleeve 16 is fixed to the composite spring upper top plate 14, and the lower end is fixed to the composite spring lower bottom plate 17. The rubber sleeve 16, the composite spring upper top plate 14 and the composite spring lower bottom plate 17 are compositely vulcanized into a whole; the rubber sleeve 16 can be made of rubber to provide a shock-absorbing and resetting effect similar to that of the preloaded spiral steel spring 15. The inner ring of the rubber sleeve 16 is hollow, and the vertical guide metal bearing 3 and the preloaded spiral steel spring 15 are built in the hollow. The upper end of the preloaded spiral steel spring 15 is connected to the composite spring upper top plate 14, and the lower end is connected to the composite spring lower bottom plate 17. The upper end of the vertical guide metal bearing 3 is connected to the composite spring upper top plate 14, and the lower end is connected to the composite spring lower bottom plate 17. The rubber sleeve 16, the preloaded spiral steel spring 15, and the vertical guide metal bearing 3 are concentric. The vertical guide metal bearing 3 is used to prevent the metal rubber composite spring 2 from failing due to excessive vertical deflection under extreme vertical pressure, and has the function of resisting horizontal overturning. The composite spring upper top plate 14 is fixed to the vertical shock-absorbing and isolating top plate 1 by bolts, and the composite spring lower bottom plate 17 is fixed to the vertical shock-absorbing and isolating bottom plate 4 by bolts, so that the upper end of the metal rubber composite spring 2 is fixed to the vertical shock-absorbing and isolating top plate 1, and the lower end is fixed to the vertical shock-absorbing and isolating bottom plate 4. The vertical seismic isolation component uses a metal-rubber composite spring 2 with adjustable nonlinear stiffness and damping. The performance parameters are adjusted as follows: (1) adjusting the diameter and number of turns of the preloaded spiral steel spring 15; (2) adjusting the process parameters of the rubber sleeve 16 such as vulcanization temperature, time and pressure; (3) selecting rubber sleeve materials and preloaded spiral steel spring materials with different elastic moduli; (4) adjusting the locking sleeve to change the initial state of the preloaded spiral steel spring 15 so that it exhibits different stiffness characteristics when subjected to force. In this embodiment, there are multiple metal-rubber composite springs 2, and multiple metal-rubber composite springs 2 are arranged and combined in series or in parallel to achieve overall stiffness adjustment. The metal-rubber composite spring 2 has the characteristics of low stiffness and high damping, and the built-in vertical guide metal bearing 3 plays a guiding, limiting and anti-overturning role.

[0031] A plurality of lower pull rings 18 in a circular array are fixed to the top outer ring of the vertical seismic isolation bottom plate 4, and a plurality of upper pull rings 19 in a circular array are fixed to the bottom outer ring of the vertical seismic isolation top plate 1. A circle of cables 5 are connected to the lower pull rings 18 and the upper pull rings 19. The cables 5 are evenly crossed around the metal-rubber composite springs 2 through the pull rings, and simultaneously connect the vertical seismic isolation top plate 1 and the vertical seismic isolation bottom plate 4. The cables 5 are used to achieve rapid resetting on the basis of anti-overturning, and play the role of anti-pulling and anti-horizontal overturning. Different pre-tensions are set for the cables 5 according to the design requirements. The cables 5 are made of steel or superelastic shape memory alloy. When the cables 5 are made of superelastic shape memory alloy, they are compressed or stretched by a power drive to change the frequency of the vertical seismic isolation assembly. Under extreme weather conditions such as strong winds and earthquakes, the anti-overturning ability of the bearing is crucial. When the metal-rubber composite spring 2 is subjected to a horizontal overturning moment, the elastic deformation of the rubber part may not be able to effectively resist this moment, causing the bearing to overturn. Therefore, a guide metal bearing 3 and a cable 5 are provided. The vertical guide metal bearing 3 and the cable 5 provide the bearing with vertical limiting, anti-pullout and anti-overturning capabilities, thereby ensuring the stability and safety of the bearing during use.

[0032] The horizontal seismic isolation assembly includes a horizontal seismic isolation top plate 6, a friction pendulum cover plate 7, an anti-pullout plate 8, an anti-pullout blade 9, an upper polytetrafluoroethylene plate 10, a friction pendulum slider 11, a lower polytetrafluoroethylene plate 12 and a friction pendulum base 13.

[0033] The horizontal shock-absorbing and isolating top plate 6 is fixed to the bottom of the vertical shock-absorbing and isolating bottom plate 4 by bolts. The center convex part of the bottom surface of the horizontal shock-absorbing and isolating top plate 6 is embedded in the center concave part of the top surface of the friction swing cover plate 7 and further fixed by bolts, so that the friction swing cover plate 7 is fixed to the bottom of the horizontal shock-absorbing and isolating top plate 6.

[0034] The friction pendulum cover plate 7 is located above the friction pendulum base 13, and the friction pendulum slider 11 is arranged between the friction pendulum cover plate 7 and the friction pendulum base 13. The top of the friction pendulum slider 11 is slidably connected to the friction pendulum cover plate 7, and the bottom is slidably connected to the friction pendulum base 13.

[0035] Furthermore, a circular groove is formed on the bottom surface of the friction pendulum cover plate 7, in which an upper polytetrafluoroethylene plate 10 is embedded and fixed. The upper polytetrafluoroethylene plate 10 is concentric with the circular groove of the friction pendulum cover plate 7 and has the same diameter. The depth of the circular groove is less than the thickness of the upper polytetrafluoroethylene plate 10; the top of the friction pendulum slider 11 is slidably connected to the bottom surface of the upper polytetrafluoroethylene plate 10. A circular groove is formed at the bottom of the friction pendulum slider 11, in which a lower polytetrafluoroethylene plate 12 is embedded and fixed. The lower polytetrafluoroethylene plate 12 is concentric with the circular groove of the friction pendulum slider 11 and has the same diameter. The depth of the circular groove is less than the thickness of the lower polytetrafluoroethylene plate 12. The bottom surface of the lower polytetrafluoroethylene plate 12 is slidably connected to the top surface of the friction pendulum base 13, and can slide freely on the top surface of the friction pendulum base 13. The top surface of the friction pendulum base 13 is coated with low-friction materials such as polytetrafluoroethylene, modified polytetrafluoroethylene and modified ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, or a thin stainless steel patch, which can ensure that the lower polytetrafluoroethylene plate 12 can slide freely on the top surface of the friction pendulum base 13. The top surface of the friction pendulum base 13 is a circular arc surface.

[0036] Under the action of vertical load, the friction force between the friction pendulum slider 11 and the curved surface is not enough to provide sufficient pull-out resistance, and the upper structure may overturn or fall off due to the vertical tension, which seriously threatens the safety and stability of the structure. Therefore, pull-out blades 9 and pull-out plates 8 are provided. The pull-out blades 9 are fixedly mounted on the friction pendulum cover plate 7 by bolts, and the pull-out plate 8 is fixedly mounted on the friction pendulum base 13 by bolts. The pull-out blades 9 abut against the bottom of the pull-out plate 8, and the pull-out plate 8 and the pull-out blades 9 are in sliding contact with each other. The pull-out blades 9 and the pull-out plate 8 provide a limiting effect in the pulling direction, so that the present invention is pull-resistant. Furthermore, there are multiple pull-out blades 9, which are evenly distributed around the vertical center line of the friction pendulum base 13. In this embodiment, 4 pull-out blades are provided. In actual applications, different numbers can be set according to specific circumstances, and examples are not given one by one here. Furthermore, the bottom surface of the anti-pulling plate 8, the top surface of the anti-pulling blade 9, and the top surface of the friction pendulum base 13 have the same radius of curvature. This structure allows the upper surface of the anti-pulling blade 9 to always fit tightly or retain a small gap on the lower surface of the anti-pulling plate 8 when the friction pendulum slider 11 slides on the friction pendulum base 13, and the anti-pulling of the entire running path is achieved without limiting the sliding of the friction pendulum base 13. A circle of bosses is built into the friction pendulum base 13 to limit the horizontal displacement of the friction pendulum slider 11 to not exceed its designed limit displacement.

[0037] The support assembly includes an upper support seat 21, a lower support seat 22, a scissor lift mechanism, a connecting rod mechanism and an elastic support mechanism.

[0038] The upper support seat 21 is fixed on the outer circumference of the vertical vibration-absorbing and isolating top plate 1 , and the lower support seat 22 is fixed on the outer circumference of the vertical vibration-absorbing and isolating bottom plate 4 . The upper support seat 21 is located above the lower support seat 22 .

[0039] The scissor lift mechanism is movably arranged between the upper support seat 21 and the lower support seat 22, and the scissor lift mechanism includes an upper load-bearing seat 241, a lower load-bearing seat 242 and a scissor fork 30. The upper load-bearing seat 241 and the lower load-bearing seat 242 are arranged up and down, the upper load-bearing seat 241 is slidably connected to the bottom of the upper support seat 21, the lower load-bearing seat 242 is slidably connected to the top of the lower support seat 22, and the upper end of the scissor fork 30 is connected to the upper load-bearing seat 241, and the lower end is connected to the lower load-bearing seat 242. Furthermore, the upper load-bearing seat 241 is equipped with a plurality of upper load-bearing wheels 26, and the lower load-bearing seat 242 is equipped with a plurality of lower load-bearing wheels 27; a plurality of track grooves 23 are opened on the lower support seat 22 corresponding to the plurality of lower load-bearing wheels 27, and the lower load-bearing wheels 27 are rollingly connected in the track grooves 23; a plurality of upper load-bearing wheels 26 are rollingly connected on the plane at the bottom of the upper support seat 21; this structural form limits the horizontal freedom of the scissors lift mechanism, so that it can roll along the preset track groove under the action of vertical load to avoid tilting or deviation, and can play a certain vertical anti-overturning effect through rolling constraint, guiding effect, and the combined effect of friction and rolling resistance, thereby further improving the stability and safety of the structure. More specifically, the scissors 30 includes a support rod 1 3005, a support rod 2 3010, an upper rail wheel 3007 and a lower rail wheel 3009; one side of the lower load-bearing seat 242 is connected to a lower transfer seat 3003, the other side of the inner top of the upper load-bearing seat 241 corresponding to the lower transfer seat 3003 is connected to an upper transfer seat 3004, and the upper transfer seat 3004 and the lower transfer seat 3003 are rotatably connected to the same support rod 1 3005; the other side of the lower load-bearing seat 242 is connected There is a lower track 3008, and a lower rail wheel 3009 is rollingly connected inside the lower track 3008. The upper track 3006 is connected to the other side of the lower track 3008 corresponding to the inner top of the upper load-bearing seat 241, and the upper rail wheel 3007 is rollingly connected on the inner side of the upper track 3006. The upper rail wheel 3007 and the lower rail wheel 3009 are rotatably connected to the same support rod 2 3010, and the support rod 1 3005 and the support rod 2 3010 are rotatably connected together through a transfer shaft 3011. When the building is subjected to vibration, support rod 1 3005 and support rod 2 3010 move up and down, and at the same time, support rod 1 3005 and support rod 2 3010 make a cross movement around the transfer shaft 3011, and the two ends of support rod 2 3010 rotate around the axles of the upper rail wheel 3007 and the lower rail wheel 3009 respectively, and also push the upper rail wheel 3007 and the lower rail wheel 3009 to slide in the upper track 3006 and the lower track 3008 respectively, thereby realizing the opening and closing of the scissors fork 30.

[0040] The elastic support mechanism is connected to the scissors fork 30, and plays an elastic support role for the scissors fork 30. When the building is not subjected to a large vibration, the building seismic isolation support uses the elastic support mechanism and the metal-rubber composite spring 2 to play an elastic support effect, reducing the long-term load borne by the metal-rubber composite spring 2 and extending the service life of the metal-rubber composite spring 2, so that the metal-rubber composite spring 2 can be in the best working state when vibration occurs. When the building is subjected to vibration, the vertical seismic isolation top plate 1 moves downward, and the downward pressure on the upper bearing seat 241 increases. The elastic support mechanism plays an elastic support role on the scissors fork 30, which plays a seismic isolation effect.

[0041] In this embodiment, the elastic support mechanism is an elastic telescopic rod 3001, one end of which is connected to the scissor fork 30, and the other end is connected to the lower load-bearing seat 242. Specifically, the bottom of the support rod 3005 is connected to the same cross brace 3012, the bottom of the cross brace 3012 is connected to the upper adapter frame 3013, one end of the elastic telescopic rod 3001 is rotatably mounted on the inner side of the upper adapter frame 3013, the other end of the elastic telescopic rod 3001 is rotatably connected to the lower adapter frame 3014, and the bottom of the lower adapter frame 3014 is connected to the lower load-bearing seat 242.

[0042] The scissor lift mechanism is connected to the vertical shock-absorbing and isolating top plate 1 through a connecting rod mechanism. The connecting rod mechanism includes an upper adapter 25, a lower adapter 28 and a transfer rod 29. The lower adapter 28 is fixedly mounted on the lower load-bearing seat 242 of the scissor lift mechanism, the upper adapter 25 is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the vertical shock-absorbing and isolating top plate 1, one end of the transfer rod 29 is hinged to the lower adapter 28, and the other end is hinged to the upper adapter 25. A compensation groove 20 is provided at the bottom of the upper support seat 21 corresponding to the transfer rod 29. When the building is subjected to vibration, the vertical seismic isolation top plate 1 moves with the building, pushing the scissors-type lifting mechanism to move between the upper support seat 21 and the lower support seat 22. When the vibration is large, the vertical seismic isolation top plate 1 is displaced greatly, pushing the scissors-type lifting mechanism to move to the outside of the upper support seat 21 and the lower support seat 22. The supporting effect of the scissors-type lifting mechanism on the upper support seat 21 disappears, providing a larger elastic deformation space for the metal-rubber composite spring 2, making full use of the elastic characteristics of the metal-rubber composite spring 2 to achieve a shock-absorbing effect on the building. During this process, the transfer rod 29 extends into the compensation groove 20.

[0043] There are multiple supporting components distributed in a circular array.

[0044] Embodiment 2.

[0045] In this embodiment, the elastic support mechanism is a support spring 3002, one end of the support spring 3002 is connected to the scissor fork 30, and the other end is connected to the lower load-bearing seat 242. Specifically, the support spring 3002 is installed in the lower track 3008 to achieve the connection with the lower load-bearing seat 242; the support spring 3002 is connected to the lower rail wheel 3009 to achieve the connection with the scissor fork 30; further, the same rear seat 3110 is connected through the multiple lower tracks 3008, the rear seat 3110 is connected to the lower rail wheel 3009, and the side end surface of the rear seat 3110 is connected to the support spring 3002. The rest of the structure is the same as that of the first embodiment.

[0046] When the present invention is subjected to horizontal vibration, the lower polytetrafluoroethylene plate 12 located at the lower end of the friction pendulum slider 11 slides on the curved surface of the friction pendulum base 13, generating horizontal relative displacement, thereby realizing horizontal seismic isolation. When the present invention is subjected to vertical vibration and generates vibration, multiple groups of metal-rubber composite springs 2 undergo elastic deformation, absorb and disperse vibration energy, thereby realizing vertical seismic isolation and vibration reduction. Under the combined effects of horizontal and vertical vibrations and environmental load excitation, the horizontal and vertical movements of the present invention do not interfere with each other, that is, the horizontal and vertical movements are decoupled. In the horizontal direction, the vertical stiffness of the horizontal seismic isolation assembly is much greater than the vertical stiffness of the vertical seismic isolation assembly, so the vertical stiffness of the entire support depends on the vertical stiffness of the vertical seismic isolation assembly. In the vertical direction, due to the provision of a support assembly and a vertical guide metal bearing 3, the horizontal stiffness of the vertical seismic isolation and vibration reduction device is much greater than the horizontal stiffness of the horizontal seismic isolation assembly, so the horizontal stiffness of the entire support depends on the horizontal stiffness of the horizontal seismic isolation assembly.

[0047] In addition, it should be noted that the shapes and names of the parts and components of the specific embodiments described in this specification may be different, and the above content described in this specification is only an example of the structure of the present invention. All equivalent changes or simple changes made based on the structure, features and principles described in the patent concept of the present invention are included in the protection scope of the patent of the present invention. Technicians in the technical field of the present invention can make various modifications or supplements to the specific embodiments described or replace them in a similar manner, as long as they do not deviate from the structure of the present invention or exceed the scope defined by the claims, they should all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-damping, pull-out-resistant three-dimensional seismic isolation bearing, comprising a vertical seismic isolation assembly and a horizontal seismic isolation assembly, wherein the vertical seismic isolation assembly is located at the upper part of the building seismic isolation bearing, and the horizontal seismic isolation assembly is located at the lower part of the building seismic isolation bearing, and the vertical seismic isolation assembly and the horizontal seismic isolation assembly are connected and fixed; the vertical seismic isolation assembly comprises a vertical seismic isolation top plate, a metal-rubber composite spring and a vertical seismic isolation bottom plate; the metal-rubber composite spring is arranged between the vertical seismic isolation top plate and the vertical seismic isolation bottom plate, the upper end of the metal-rubber composite spring is fixed to the vertical seismic isolation top plate, and the lower end is fixed to the vertical seismic isolation bottom plate; it is characterized in that It also includes a support assembly; the support assembly includes an upper support seat, a lower support seat, a scissors-fork lifting mechanism, a connecting rod mechanism and an elastic support mechanism; the upper support seat is fixed on the vertical shock-absorbing and isolating top plate, and the lower support seat is fixed on the vertical shock-absorbing and isolating bottom plate; the scissors-fork lifting mechanism is movably arranged between the upper support seat and the lower support seat, and the scissors-fork lifting mechanism includes an upper load-bearing seat, a lower load-bearing seat and a scissors fork; the upper load-bearing seat is slidably connected to the bottom of the upper support seat, and the lower load-bearing seat is slidably connected to the top of the lower support seat; the upper end of the scissors fork is connected to the upper load-bearing seat, and the lower end is connected to the lower load-bearing seat; the elastic support mechanism is connected to the scissors fork, and it elastically supports the scissors fork; the scissors-fork lifting mechanism is connected to the vertical shock-absorbing and isolating top plate through a connecting rod mechanism. When the building is vibrated, the vertical shock-absorbing and isolating top plate pushes the scissors-fork lifting mechanism to move between the upper support seat and the lower support seat. When the vibration is too large, the vertical shock-absorbing and isolating top plate can push the scissors-fork lifting mechanism to move to the outside of the upper support seat and the lower support seat.

2. The high damping and anti-pulling three-dimensional seismic isolation bearing according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The upper load-bearing seat is equipped with an upper load-bearing wheel, and the lower load-bearing seat is equipped with a lower load-bearing wheel; a plurality of track grooves are opened on the lower support seat, and the lower load-bearing wheel is rollingly connected in the track grooves; the upper load-bearing wheel is rollingly connected to the bottom of the upper support seat.

3. The high damping and anti-pulling three-dimensional seismic isolation bearing according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The elastic support mechanism is an elastic telescopic rod or a support spring; when it is an elastic telescopic rod, one end of the elastic telescopic rod is connected to the scissors fork, and the other end is connected to the lower load-bearing seat; when it is a support spring, one end of the support spring is connected to the scissors fork, and the other end is connected to the lower load-bearing seat.

4. A high damping and anti-pulling three-dimensional seismic isolation bearing according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that: The scissors fork comprises support rod 1, support rod 2, upper rail wheel and lower rail wheel; the lower load-bearing seat is connected to the lower transfer seat, the upper load-bearing seat is connected to the upper transfer seat, and the support rod 1 is rotatably connected in the upper transfer seat and the lower transfer seat; the lower load-bearing seat is connected to the lower rail, the lower rail is connected to the lower rail wheel, the upper load-bearing seat is connected to the upper rail, the upper rail is connected to the upper rail wheel, the upper rail and the lower rail wheel are rotatably connected to support rod 2, and support rod 1 and support rod 2 are rotatably connected together through a transfer shaft.

5. A high damping and anti-pulling three-dimensional seismic isolation bearing according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that: The connecting rod mechanism comprises an upper adapter, a lower adapter and an adapter rod; the lower adapter is fixedly mounted on the scissor lift mechanism, the upper adapter is fixedly mounted on the vertical shock-absorbing top plate, one end of the adapter rod is hinged to the lower adapter, and the other end is hinged to the upper adapter.

6. The high damping and anti-pulling three-dimensional seismic isolation bearing according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The metal-rubber composite spring includes a guide metal bearing, an upper plate of a composite spring, a prestressed spiral steel spring, a rubber sleeve and a lower plate of a composite spring; the upper end of the rubber sleeve is fixed to the upper plate of the composite spring, and the lower end is fixed to the lower plate of the composite spring; the rubber sleeve has a built-in vertical guide metal bearing and a prestressed spiral steel spring; the upper end of the prestressed spiral steel spring is connected to the upper plate of the composite spring, and the lower end is connected to the lower plate of the composite spring; the upper end of the vertical guide metal bearing is connected to the upper plate of the composite spring, and the lower end is connected to the lower plate of the composite spring; the upper plate of the composite spring is fixed to the vertical seismic isolation top plate, and the lower plate of the composite spring is fixed to the vertical seismic isolation bottom plate 4.

7. The high damping and anti-pulling three-dimensional seismic isolation bearing according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A plurality of lower pull rings in a circular array are fixed to the top of the vertical seismic isolation bottom plate, and a plurality of upper pull rings in a circular array are fixed to the bottom of the vertical seismic isolation top plate. A circle of cables is connected to the lower pull rings and the upper pull rings. The cables are evenly crossed and wrapped around the metal-rubber composite springs through the pull rings, and simultaneously connect the vertical seismic isolation top plate and the vertical seismic isolation bottom plate.

8. The high damping and anti-pulling three-dimensional seismic isolation bearing according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The horizontal seismic isolation assembly includes a horizontal seismic isolation top plate, a friction pendulum cover plate, a friction pendulum slider and a friction pendulum base; the horizontal seismic isolation top plate is fixed to the bottom of the vertical seismic isolation bottom plate; the friction pendulum cover plate is fixed to the bottom of the horizontal seismic isolation top plate; the friction pendulum slider is arranged between the friction pendulum cover plate and the friction pendulum base, the top of the friction pendulum slider is slidably connected to the friction pendulum cover plate, and the bottom is slidably connected to the friction pendulum base.

9. The high damping and anti-pulling three-dimensional seismic isolation bearing according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The horizontal vibration isolation assembly also includes an anti-pullout blade and an anti-pullout plate; the anti-pullout blade is fixedly mounted on the friction pendulum cover plate, the anti-pullout plate is fixedly mounted on the friction pendulum base, and the anti-pullout blade is slidably abutted against the bottom of the anti-pullout plate.

10. The high damping and anti-pulling three-dimensional seismic isolation bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom surface of the anti-pullout plate, the top surface of the anti-pullout blade and the top surface of the friction pendulum base have the same curvature radius.

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