Non-injection monomer pressure-increasing resistance support column

Abstract

The present application relates to mine supporting equipment technical field, in view of the existing pillar under complex working condition is difficult to give consideration to the resistance and yielding performance, stability and reliability are insufficient, the present application discloses a kind of non-liquid injection single yielding resistance pillar, the present pillar includes base, shell assembly is equipped on base;Lift sleeve assembly's lead screw is rotatably connected with base, large gear assembly is coaxially arranged on lead screw, sleeve is slidably sleeved in shell assembly;Shell assembly side is equipped with ratchet assembly, its output shaft pinion assembly is engaged with large gear assembly;Sleeve top is equipped with guide seat, there is hydraulic pillow in guide seat, which shows real-time pressure, hydraulic pillow is equipped with yielding pipe, and the top of yielding pipe has pressure plate and buffer block;Guide seat is equipped with pipe assembly, and the bottom of pipe assembly is in contact with the top surface of yielding pipe and buffer block. Through the cooperative work of various components, the resistance of the pillar is increased, and the height can be adjusted when the pressure increases. The stability and reliability are ensured, and the mine support requirements are met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of mine support equipment technology. More specifically, this invention relates to a non-fluid-injected single-unit pressure-reducing support column. Background Technology

[0002] In underground engineering projects such as mining and tunnel construction, props are needed to support the roof and other structures to ensure the safety of workers and the smooth progress of the project. However, traditional single hydraulic props have some obvious drawbacks in practical applications. First, they are heavy. For example, a standard single hydraulic prop can weigh 82.8 kg or even more without hydraulic injection. This requires workers to expend a lot of physical strength during handling and installation, increasing labor intensity. In some complex underground environments, difficulties in handling can affect the construction progress. Second, single hydraulic props require a matching injection pump station, which not only increases equipment costs but also requires additional space to house the pump station. The maintenance of the injection system is also relatively complex, and repair costs are high if sealing problems occur. Third, the resistance-increasing performance of traditional props is limited. Once the rated working resistance is reached, it is basically constant. When the roof pressure continues to increase, single hydraulic props will experience bending failure, failing to effectively control further roof subsidence and delamination deformation, posing a certain threat to mine safety. These problems are even more prominent in mines with multiple coal seams or complex geological conditions, urgently requiring a new type of prop to solve these problems. Summary of the Invention

[0003] One object of the present invention is to solve at least the above-mentioned problems and to provide at least the advantages that will be described later.

[0004] To achieve these objectives and other advantages according to the present invention, a non-injection monomer pressure-increasing strut is provided, comprising:

[0005] A base on which the outer casing assembly is mounted;

[0006] The lifting sleeve assembly has a lead screw that is rotatably connected to the base, and a large gear assembly is coaxially provided on the lead screw. The sleeve of the lifting sleeve assembly is slidably sleeved inside the outer shell assembly.

[0007] A ratchet assembly is located on the side of the housing assembly. The output shaft of the ratchet assembly is located inside the housing assembly and is coaxially provided with a pinion assembly. The pinion (7) of the pinion assembly meshes with the large gear of the large gear assembly.

[0008] A guide seat is disposed at the top of the sleeve;

[0009] A hydraulic pillow, which is disposed within the guide seat;

[0010] A pressure relief pipe is provided on the hydraulic pillow. A pressure plate is provided at the top of the pressure relief pipe, and an annular buffer block is provided near the outer edge of the pressure plate.

[0011] The connector assembly is fitted inside the guide seat. The bottom of the connector assembly has two contact surfaces, which respectively abut against the pressure relief pipe and the top surface of the buffer block.

[0012] Preferably, the side wall of the connector assembly is provided with at least one pair of first lugs, the side wall of the guide seat is provided with at least one pair of corresponding second lugs, a tensioning screw is correspondingly threaded through each first lug and second lug, a clamping nut is threaded on the top of the tensioning screw, and a helical spring is sleeved on the screw from its bottom to the second lug.

[0013] Preferably, the base is provided with a bearing, the lower end of the lead screw is rotatably connected to the base through the bearing, and the large gear is coaxially and fixedly connected to the lead screw through a key connection.

[0014] Preferably, the buffer block includes:

[0015] The honeycomb layer is made of shape memory alloy;

[0016] Multi-strand carbon fiber composite tapes are applied and fixed to the upper and lower surfaces of the honeycomb layer at intervals.

[0017] A rubber layer is applied and fixed to the outer surface of the honeycomb layer and the carbon fiber composite tape.

[0018] An alloy steel layer is applied and fixed to the upper and lower surfaces of the rubber layer.

[0019] Preferably, the honeycomb layer is made of a nickel-titanium alloy modified with copper, with a specific formula of 50.5% nickel atoms, 47% titanium atoms, and 2.5% copper atoms.

[0020] Preferably, the thickness of the honeycomb layer is 20 mm, and the unit structure of the honeycomb layer is a regular hexagonal honeycomb structure with a side length of 5 mm and a wall thickness of 1 mm.

[0021] Preferably, the carbon fiber composite tape is made of a composite material of carbon fiber and resin matrix, the carbon fiber composite tape is laid in a 45° and -45° cross-laying manner, the width of the carbon fiber composite tape is 20mm and the thickness is 1mm.

[0022] Preferably, the material of the rubber layer is a composite material of hydrogenated nitrile rubber, nano-silica, and carbon nanotubes, wherein the average particle size of the nano-silica is 20 nm, the outer diameter of the carbon nanotubes is 10-20 nm, and the length is 5-15 μm.

[0023] The present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0024] First, the non-liquid-injection single-unit pressure-relief and resistance-increasing support column of this invention adopts a mechanical structure drive, eliminating the need for a liquid injection pump station, thus reducing equipment costs and maintenance complexity. Compared with traditional supports, it is lighter; for example, a 3.5-meter-high support column weighs only 65 kilograms, greatly reducing the labor intensity of workers in handling and installation. Through the unique combination of pressure-relief pipes, hydraulic pillows, and buffer blocks, it achieves excellent resistance-increasing and pressure-relief performance, effectively coping with changes in roof pressure, controlling roof subsidence and delamination deformation, enhancing the support effect, and improving the safety and efficiency of mining.

[0025] Secondly, the tension screw and helical spring structure can enhance the connection stability between the pipe assembly and the guide seat. Through the elasticity of the helical spring, it plays a certain role in buffering and adjusting when the support is under pressure, further improving the reliability and pressure relief performance of the support. At the same time, it is also convenient to adjust its connection status according to the actual situation.

[0026] Third, the buffer block adopts a multi-layer composite structure, utilizing materials such as shape memory alloy honeycomb layers and carbon fiber composite strips, giving the buffer block good elasticity and impact resistance, effectively buffering pressure, improving the overall pressure relief and compressive strength of the support, and extending the service life of the support.

[0027] Fourth, the carbon fiber composite belt structure, with carbon fiber composite belts laid at 45° and -45° cross-lays, enhances the shear resistance and overall strength of the buffer block, improves its ability to withstand complex stresses, and further improves the reliability and pressure relief performance of the support.

[0028] Fifth, the rubber layer is made of composite hydrogenated nitrile rubber, nano-silica and carbon nanotube materials, which gives the rubber layer better flexibility and strength, effectively resists external wear and corrosion, ensures the performance of the buffer block in harsh environments, and improves the service life and stability of the support.

[0029] Other advantages, objectives and features of the present invention will become apparent in part from the following description, and in part from those skilled in the art through study and practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0030] Figure 1 This is a half-sectional view of the side structure of the pillar according to one of the technical solutions of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 This is an enlarged schematic diagram of the ratchet assembly according to one of the technical solutions of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 3This is an enlarged schematic diagram of the buffer block according to one of the technical solutions of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 4 This is an enlarged schematic diagram of the tensioning screw in one of the technical solutions of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the longitudinal cross-sectional structure of the buffer block according to one of the technical solutions of the present invention.

[0035] The following are the reference numerals in the instruction manual's attached drawings: 1. Base; 2. Housing assembly; 3. Lead screw; 4. Sleeve; 5. Large gear; 6. Ratchet assembly; 7. Small gear; 8. Guide seat; 9. Hydraulic pillow; 10. Pressure relief pipe; 11. Pressure plate; 12. Buffer block; 13. Connecting pipe assembly; 14. First lug; 15. Second lug; 16. Tensioning screw; 17. Helical spring; 18. Guide sleeve; 19. Multi-strand carbon fiber composite belt; 20. Rubber layer; 21. Alloy steel layer; 22. Honeycomb layer. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, so that those skilled in the art can implement it based on the description.

[0037] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods described in the following embodiments are all conventional methods, and the reagents and materials described are all commercially available unless otherwise specified. In the description of this invention, the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description. It does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

[0038] like Figures 1-5 As shown, the present invention provides a non-injection monomer pressure-reducing support column, comprising:

[0039] Base 1, on which housing assembly 2 is mounted;

[0040] The lifting sleeve assembly has a lead screw 3 rotatably connected to the base 1. A large gear assembly is coaxially mounted on the lead screw 3. The sleeve 4 of the lifting sleeve assembly is slidably fitted inside the outer casing assembly 2. Specifically, the lower end of the lead screw 3 is rotatably connected to the base 1 via a suitable bearing to ensure smooth rotation of the lead screw 3 and reduce frictional resistance. The large gear assembly is coaxially mounted on the lead screw 3, and a key connection can be used to allow the large gear 5 to rotate synchronously with the lead screw 3. The sleeve 4 of the lifting sleeve assembly is fitted into the outer casing assembly 2, ensuring that the sleeve 4 can slide up and down smoothly within the outer casing assembly 2. A suitable amount of lubricating oil can be applied to the contact surface between the sleeve 4 and the outer casing assembly 2 to reduce wear.

[0041] A ratchet assembly 6 is located on the side of the housing assembly 2. The output shaft of the ratchet assembly 6 is located inside the housing assembly 2, and a pinion assembly is coaxially mounted thereon. The pinion 7 of the pinion assembly meshes with the large gear 5 of the large gear assembly. Specifically, the ratchet assembly 6 consists of a ratchet, pawl, drive mechanism, bearings and bushings, fasteners, seals, and springs. The close cooperation and coordinated operation of these components ensure the stable and reliable operation of the ratchet assembly 6. Specifically, the meshing method of the pinion 7 and the large gear 5 adopts an external meshing method, which has the advantages of simple structure and high transmission efficiency. During the meshing process, conditions such as tooth profile matching, module and pressure angle being the same or similar, and center distance remaining unchanged need to be met. At the same time, attention also needs to be paid to lubrication, installation and adjustment, as well as maintenance and upkeep. The ratchet assembly 6 is mounted on the side of the housing assembly 2, ensuring that the output shaft of the ratchet assembly 6 is located inside the housing assembly 2, and that the pinion assembly on the output shaft meshes correctly with the large gear 5 of the large gear assembly. Properly adjusting the meshing clearance is crucial; clearance that is too large or too small will affect transmission efficiency and equipment lifespan. The meshing clearance can be precisely adjusted by changing the mounting position of the ratchet assembly 6 or by using shims.

[0042] A guide seat 8 is located at the top of the sleeve 4; a hydraulic cushion 9 is located inside the guide seat 8; a pressure relief pipe 10 is located on the hydraulic cushion 9, and a pressure plate 11 is located at the top of the pressure relief pipe 10. An annular buffer block 12 is located near the outer edge of the pressure plate 11. Specifically, the guide seat 8 is installed at the top of the sleeve 4 and can be fixed to the sleeve 4 by bolts. The hydraulic cushion 9 is installed inside the guide seat 8, and the hydraulic cushion 9 must fit tightly with the guide seat 8 to ensure that it does not shift under pressure. The pressure relief pipe 10 is installed on the hydraulic cushion 9, and a pressure plate 11 is installed at the top of the pressure relief pipe 10. An annular buffer block 12 is installed near the outer edge of the pressure plate 11. The buffer block 12 and the pressure plate 11 can be glued or fixed by other suitable methods to ensure that the buffer block 12 will not fall off during operation. The hydraulic cushion 9 is a hydraulic cushion that displays real-time pressure. The pressure relief pipe 10, when subjected to external pressure, undergoes elastic deformation of its wall, absorbing and buffering the pressure through this elastic deformation, thus achieving pressure relief. The pressure relief pipe 10 is shaped like a frustum of a cone, with its diameter gradually increasing downwards, thus increasing the resistance provided and achieving a drag-increasing effect. By adapting to pressure changes through structural deformation, the pressure relief pipe 10 allows for pressure relief within a certain range, ensuring that the supported location (such as the surrounding rock) maintains a certain level of support capacity during deformation.

[0043] The connecting pipe assembly 13 is fitted inside the guide seat 8. The bottom of the connecting pipe assembly 13 has two contact surfaces, which respectively abut against the top surfaces of the pressure relief pipe 10 and the buffer block 12. Specifically, a guide sleeve 18 is coaxially provided between the guide seat 8 and the side wall of the connecting pipe assembly 13, allowing the guide seat 8 and the connecting pipe assembly 13 to slide relative to each other axially, while also enhancing the guiding effect on the connecting pipe assembly 13 and reducing deflection. Specifically, by fitting the connecting pipe assembly 13 inside the guide seat 8, it is ensured that the two contact surfaces at the bottom of the connecting pipe assembly 13 are in close contact with the top surfaces of the pressure relief pipe 10 and the buffer block 12, respectively. Sealing gaskets or buffer gaskets can be added to the contact surfaces to enhance sealing performance and buffering effect, ensuring effective pressure transmission.

[0044] In the above technical solution, firstly, the base 1 is placed in a predetermined position. The base 1 serves as the foundation of the entire support column, and the housing assembly 2 on it protects and supports the internal components. Then, the lead screw 3 of the lifting sleeve assembly is rotatably connected to the base 1 via a bearing, ensuring that the large gear assembly is coaxially fixed with the lead screw 3. When the large gear assembly rotates, the lead screw 3 rotates accordingly. The sleeve 4 of the lifting sleeve assembly can slide within the housing assembly 2, thus achieving a certain lifting function. The ratchet assembly 6 is mounted on the side of the housing assembly 2, and its output shaft has a small gear assembly that meshes with the large gear 5 of the large gear assembly. By operating the ratchet assembly 6, the large gear 5 and the lead screw 3 can be rotated, thereby achieving the lifting action of the sleeve 4. A guide seat 8 is mounted on top of the sleeve 4, providing an installation position for subsequent components. A hydraulic cushion 9 is installed inside the guide seat 8, providing a buffer and support base for the pressure relief pipe 10. The pressure relief pipe 10 is installed on the hydraulic pillow 9. The annular buffer block 12 near the outer edge of the pressure plate 11 on its top can buffer and relieve pressure when subjected to pressure. The connecting pipe assembly 13 is sleeved in the guide seat 8, and its two bottom contact surfaces abut against the top surfaces of the pressure relief pipe 10 and the buffer block 12, respectively, to achieve overall connection and pressure transmission. When the support is subjected to pressure from the top plate, etc., the pressure will be transmitted sequentially through the connecting pipe assembly 13, pressure plate 11, pressure relief pipe 10, buffer block 12, hydraulic pillow 9 and other components. Through the cooperation of the ratchet assembly 6, the large gear assembly and the lifting sleeve assembly, the resistance-increasing pressure relief performance of the support can be realized. For example, when the pressure increases, the height of the support can be appropriately reduced by adjusting the lifting sleeve assembly to achieve the pressure relief function. At the same time, the connection and cooperation between the components ensure the stability and reliability of the support.

[0045] In another technical solution, the side wall of the connecting pipe assembly 13 is provided with at least a pair of first lugs 14, and the side wall of the guide seat 8 is provided with at least a pair of corresponding second lugs 15. A tensioning screw 16 is correspondingly threaded through each first lug 14 and second lug 15. A compression nut is threaded on the top of the tensioning screw 16, and a helical spring 17 is sleeved on the tensioning screw 16 from its bottom to the second lug 15.

[0046] Specifically, in the practical application of non-fluid-injected single-unit pressure-increasing props, the connection stability between the pipe assembly 13 and the guide seat 8 is crucial. Traditional simple connection methods are prone to loosening and displacement when the prop is subjected to complex and variable pressures, affecting the overall performance and safety of the prop. Furthermore, when the top plate pressure fluctuates frequently, the connection points cannot effectively buffer pressure changes, potentially leading to component damage and reducing the prop's service life.

[0047] In the above technical solution, when the support is under pressure, relative displacement may occur between the pipe assembly 13 and the guide seat 8 due to pressure changes. At this time, the helical spring will be compressed or stretched, utilizing its elasticity to absorb and buffer part of the pressure, thus playing a certain role in pressure relief and adjustment. Simultaneously, by adjusting the tightness of the clamping nut, the initial state and elastic force of the helical spring can be adjusted to adapt to different working conditions and pressure ranges. This structure enhances the connection stability between the pipe assembly 13 and the guide seat 8, preventing loosening or excessive displacement during long-term use, and further improving the overall performance of the support.

[0048] In another technical solution, the base 1 is provided with a bearing, the lower end of the lead screw 3 is rotatably connected to the base 1 through the bearing, and the large gear 5 is coaxially and fixedly connected to the lead screw 3 through a key connection.

[0049] In the above technical solution, during operation, when the lead screw 3 rotates, the bearing effectively supports the lead screw 3, making its rotation smoother and reducing frictional resistance and wear. The keyed connection ensures reliable transmission between the large gear 5 and the lead screw 3, preventing slippage during torque transmission and thus guaranteeing the normal operation of the lifting sleeve assembly. For example, when the ratchet assembly 6 drives the large gear 5 to rotate, the large gear 5 can stably drive the lead screw 3 to rotate, enabling the sleeve 4 to perform lifting operations. Simultaneously, the bearing reduces the friction between the lead screw 3 and the base 1, extending the service life of the entire component and improving the system's reliability and operating efficiency.

[0050] In another technical solution, the buffer block 12 includes:

[0051] The honeycomb layer 22 is made of shape memory alloy; specifically, a suitable shape memory alloy is selected, which should possess good shape memory effect and high strength. The honeycomb layer 22 is customized by procuring qualified alloy raw materials from professional material suppliers. The honeycomb layer 22, made of shape memory alloy, can undergo large elastic deformation under pressure, absorbing a large amount of impact energy and effectively buffering the pressure on the roof. Multi-strand carbon fiber composite strips 19 are laid crosswise, enhancing the overall strength of the buffer block 12, making it less prone to breakage or excessive deformation under pressure, allowing the buffer block 12 to more stably perform its buffering function and improving the pressure-bearing performance of the support.

[0052] Multi-strand carbon fiber composite tape 19 is applied and fixed at intervals to the upper and lower surfaces of the honeycomb layer 22.

[0053] A rubber layer 20 is applied and fixed to the outer surfaces of the honeycomb layer 22 and the carbon fiber composite tape.

[0054] The alloy steel layer 21 is applied and fixed to the upper and lower surfaces of the rubber layer 20.

[0055] Specifically, a suitable shape memory alloy is selected, possessing both good shape memory effect and high strength. Qualified alloy raw materials are procured from professional material suppliers to customize the honeycomb layer 22. High-strength carbon fibers and a resin matrix with good bonding properties are prepared. The carbon fibers are uniformly impregnated into the resin matrix in a specific arrangement, and a prepreg process is used to create a carbon fiber composite tape. The width, thickness, and carbon fiber content of the composite tape are carefully controlled to meet the design requirements for strength and performance. A rubber material with excellent wear resistance, corrosion resistance, and flexibility, such as hydrogenated nitrile rubber, is selected. Simultaneously, additives such as nano-silica and carbon nanotubes are prepared and mixed with the rubber in appropriate proportions. Through special processing techniques, such as internal mixer mixing, the additives are uniformly dispersed in the rubber, improving the overall performance of the rubber layer 20. The honeycomb layer 22, made of a shape memory alloy, can undergo significant elastic deformation under pressure, absorbing a large amount of impact energy and effectively buffering the pressure on the top plate. The cross-laying of multi-strand carbon fiber composite strips 19 enhances the overall strength of the buffer block 12, making it less prone to breakage or excessive deformation under pressure. This allows the buffer block 12 to play a more stable buffering role and improves the pressure-bearing performance of the support column.

[0056] When the non-fluid-injected single-unit pressure-relief support is in operation, the buffer block 12 needs to withstand the complex pressure transmitted from the roof plate while ensuring long-term stable buffering performance. However, the traditional buffer block 12 has a simple structure and poor material properties. When subjected to large pressure impacts, it is prone to problems such as poor buffering effect and structural damage, resulting in a significant reduction in the pressure-relief performance of the support and failing to provide reliable support for underground engineering. Moreover, during long-term use, ordinary buffer blocks 12 are prone to material aging and accelerated wear due to environmental factors, which greatly shortens the service life of the buffer block 12, increases maintenance costs, and creates safety hazards.

[0057] In the above technical solution, when pressure is applied to the buffer block 12 during operation, the honeycomb layer 22, as the basic structure, can deform and recover within a certain range by utilizing the characteristics of its shape memory alloy. The carbon fiber composite strip improves its shear and tensile strength, the rubber layer 20 further buffers and disperses the pressure, and the alloy steel layer 21 enhances the overall compressive strength and wear resistance. Together, they realize the buffering and protection function of the buffer block 12, providing strong support for the pressure relief performance of the support column.

[0058] In another technical solution, the honeycomb layer 22 is made of a nickel-titanium alloy with copper as an improvement, specifically with the following formula: 50.5% nickel atoms, 47% titanium atoms, and 2.5% copper atoms.

[0059] In the buffer block 12 of the non-fluid-injected single-unit pressure-increasing support, the honeycomb layer 22 serves as a key buffer energy-absorbing component, and its material properties directly affect the overall performance of the buffer block 12. Traditional honeycomb layer 22 materials have limitations in terms of shape memory effect, strength, and corrosion resistance. For example, in complex underground operating environments, facing frequent pressure changes and corrosive environments such as humidity and acids / alkalis, ordinary honeycomb layer 22 materials cannot stably perform their shape memory function, leading to a decrease in buffering effect; insufficient strength may also cause the honeycomb layer 22 to deform or even be damaged under high pressure, affecting the normal operation of the buffer block 12 and thus threatening the reliability of the support and the safety of underground operations. In this technical solution, the nickel-titanium based alloy itself has a good shape memory effect. After adding 2.5% copper for improvement, the phase transition temperature and memory recovery characteristics of the alloy are further optimized. After the buffer block 12 is deformed under pressure, it can more quickly and accurately recover to its original shape, continuously and stably performing its buffer energy-absorbing function, effectively coping with the frequently changing pressure in underground engineering, and improving the reliability and service life of the buffer block 12. The alloy structure formed by the formulation of this technical solution gives the honeycomb layer 22 higher strength and toughness. Nickel and titanium, the main components, ensure basic mechanical properties, while the addition of copper refines the alloy grains, enhances grain boundary bonding, and improves the material's resistance to deformation and fracture. Under significant pressure impact, the honeycomb layer 22 is less prone to structural damage, maintaining the integrity of the buffer block 12 and ensuring its normal operation under harsh conditions. The underground environment is complex and contains various corrosive substances. The addition of copper improves the corrosion resistance of the nickel-titanium alloy to a certain extent, enabling the honeycomb layer 22 to resist chemical erosion in humid, acidic, and alkaline environments, reducing material corrosion loss, extending the service life of the buffer block 12, lowering maintenance costs, and ensuring the long-term stable operation of the non-fluid-injected single-unit pressure-increasing support column in complex environments.

[0060] In the above technical solution, when preparing the honeycomb layer 22 of the buffer block 12, the nickel-titanium alloy with copper modification is formulated strictly according to the following formula: 50.5% nickel atoms, 47% titanium atoms, and 2.5% copper atoms. The material is processed into the required honeycomb layer 22 shape using appropriate metallurgical processes, i.e., a thickness of 20mm, a regular hexagonal honeycomb structure with a side length of 5mm and a wall thickness of 1mm. In subsequent use, this material formulation allows the honeycomb layer 22 to better exert its shape memory effect under pressure and better recover its shape after the pressure is removed, providing stable cushioning performance for the buffer block 12. Simultaneously, this formulation also improves the strength and toughness of the honeycomb layer 22, making it less prone to damage under repeated pressure, ensuring the long-term stability of the buffer block 12, thereby guaranteeing the overall performance of the support column.

[0061] In another technical solution, the thickness of the honeycomb layer 22 is 20mm, and the unit structure shape of the honeycomb layer 22 is a regular hexagonal honeycomb structure with a side length of 5mm and a wall thickness of 1mm.

[0062] In the design of the buffer block 12 of the non-fluid-injected single-unit pressure-increasing support, the structural parameters of the honeycomb layer 22 have a significant impact on its performance. If the thickness, unit structure shape, and size of the honeycomb layer 22 are unreasonable, the performance of the buffer block 12 will be unstable. For example, if the thickness is too thin, it cannot effectively buffer pressure; if it is too thick, it increases weight and cost. Irregular unit structure shapes or large dimensional deviations will cause uneven pressure distribution, reducing the buffering effect and structural strength. Furthermore, unsuitable structural parameters may also affect the compatibility with other layer materials, weakening the overall reliability of the buffer block 12 and failing to meet the stringent requirements of underground complex engineering for support buffering performance. In this technical solution, the 20mm thickness provides sufficient buffering space for the honeycomb layer 22, enabling it to effectively undergo elastic deformation under pressure and absorb a large amount of impact energy. The regular hexagonal honeycomb structure has good mechanical stability; the design with a side length of 5mm and a wall thickness of 1mm allows the honeycomb layer 22 to uniformly distribute pressure in all directions, ensuring the consistency and stability of the buffering effect and providing a reliable buffering foundation for the buffer block 12. The geometric characteristics of the regular hexagonal honeycomb structure enable it to achieve high strength while being lightweight. The appropriate side length and wall thickness ensure the structural integrity of the honeycomb layer 22, making it less prone to collapse or cracking under significant pressure. This structural strength effectively resists the impact of top plate pressure, protects the internal structure of the buffer block 12, extends its service life, and improves the reliability of the support column under harsh working conditions. Precise thickness, unit structure shape, and dimensions allow the honeycomb layer 22 to better fit with the carbon fiber composite strips, rubber layer 20, and alloy steel layer 21 on the upper and lower surfaces. The tighter bonding between the layers reduces relative displacement and stress concentration during pressure transmission, improving the overall collaborative working ability of the buffer block 12 and enhancing its comprehensive performance.

[0063] In the above technical solution, when the support column is in operation, the honeycomb structure can deform in a predetermined manner when pressure is applied to the buffer block 12. Utilizing the mechanical advantages of the regular hexagonal honeycomb structure, pressure is evenly distributed in different directions. Simultaneously, its wall thickness ensures the structural strength, preventing it from easily cracking or failing under significant pressure. After the pressure is removed, the honeycomb structure returns to its original shape, providing stable and reliable pressure relief performance for the buffer block 12, thereby ensuring the reliable operation of the support column under different pressure conditions.

[0064] In another technical solution, the carbon fiber composite tape is made of carbon fiber and resin matrix composite material, the carbon fiber composite tape is laid in a 45° and -45° cross-laying manner, the carbon fiber composite tape is 20mm wide and 1mm thick.

[0065] In the buffer block 12 structure of the non-fluid-injected monolayer pressure-increasing support, components are needed to enhance the overall strength and stability. Traditional buffer blocks 12 lack effective reinforcement structures, making them prone to deformation and delamination under complex stresses, leading to decreased buffering performance. Furthermore, when the buffer block 12 is subjected to shear forces from different directions, ordinary structures cannot effectively resist them, reducing the reliability of the buffer block 12. In addition, the coordinated operation between the layers of the buffer block 12 is crucial; if the reinforcing components are incompatible with other layer materials, it will affect the overall performance of the buffer block 12 and fail to meet the high-performance requirements of underground engineering. In this technical solution, carbon fiber, with its high strength and low density, is combined with a resin matrix to form a carbon fiber composite strip, which reduces the overall weight while ensuring the structural strength of the buffer block 12. Compared to traditional reinforcing materials, the carbon fiber composite strip is less prone to breakage and deformation under greater pressure and tension, effectively enhancing the durability of the buffer block 12 without adding excessive burden to the support, thus improving the efficiency of the support's use. The carbon fiber composite tape is laid in a 45° and -45° cross-laying pattern, enabling it to effectively resist shear forces in all directions. When the buffer block 12 is subjected to complex stresses from different directions, this laying method can fully utilize the mechanical properties of carbon fiber, disperse stress, and prevent delamination or tearing of the buffer block 12 due to excessive shear force, greatly improving the structural stability and reliability of the buffer block 12. The carbon fiber composite tape, with a width of 20mm and a thickness of 1mm, is rationally sized and fits well with the honeycomb layer 22, rubber layer 20, and alloy steel layer 21 of the buffer block 12. During the laying process, it can tightly adhere to the other layers, reducing relative displacement and stress concentration between layers during pressure transmission, promoting the synergistic work of each layer, and improving the overall performance of the buffer block 12.

[0066] In the above technical solution, during installation, the carbon fiber composite strips are intermittently wrapped and fixed to the upper and lower surfaces of the honeycomb layer 22. When the support is under pressure, this cross-laying method allows the carbon fiber composite strips to withstand shear forces from different directions, improving the shear resistance and overall strength of the buffer block 12. When pressure is applied to the buffer block 12 from different directions, the carbon fiber composite strips work together to resist the pressure, preventing the buffer block 12 from delaminating or deforming excessively, ensuring the structural integrity of the buffer block 12, and thus providing better pressure relief and support performance for the support.

[0067] In another technical solution, the material of the rubber layer 20 is a composite material of hydrogenated nitrile rubber, nano-silica, and carbon nanotubes, wherein the average particle size of the nano-silica is 20 nm, the outer diameter of the carbon nanotubes is 10~20 nm, and the length is 5~15 μm.

[0068] In the buffer block 12 of the non-fluid-injected monomer pressure-increasing support, the rubber layer 20, as a crucial component, needs to possess excellent buffering, wear resistance, and aging resistance. Traditional rubber layer 20 materials have limited properties, resulting in poor buffering performance under significant pressure impacts in complex underground environments, easily leading to a decline in the overall performance of the buffer block 12. Furthermore, ordinary rubber layer 20 has poor wear resistance, and its surface is prone to wear during long-term use, affecting the service life of the buffer block 12. In addition, traditional rubber layer 20 has weak aging resistance, easily aging, hardening, and cracking due to environmental factors such as underground moisture and temperature changes, reducing the reliability of the buffer block 12 and failing to meet the high-performance and long-life requirements of underground engineering. In this technical solution, hydrogenated nitrile rubber itself possesses excellent elasticity and buffering properties, and the addition of nano-silica and carbon nanotubes further enhances the flexibility and energy absorption capacity of the rubber layer 20. When the buffer block 12 is subjected to pressure impact, the rubber layer 20 can more effectively undergo elastic deformation, absorb a large amount of energy, mitigate the impact of the impact force on other structures of the buffer block 12, improve the buffering effect and stability of the buffer block 12, and provide strong protection for the pressure-bearing performance of the support. Nano-silica and carbon nanotubes are uniformly dispersed in hydrogenated nitrile rubber, forming a reinforced microstructure. This structure effectively improves the hardness and wear resistance of the rubber layer 20, enabling it to resist wear caused by friction during long-term use. Even in harsh underground environments, the surface of the rubber layer 20 is not easily worn, extending the service life of the buffer block 12 and reducing maintenance costs and replacement frequency. Carbon nanotubes have excellent chemical stability and antioxidant properties; when combined with hydrogenated nitrile rubber, they can effectively delay the aging process of the rubber layer 20. In complex environments such as underground humidity and temperature changes, the rubber layer 20 is not prone to aging, hardening, or cracking, maintaining good physical properties and chemical stability, ensuring that the buffer block 12 works reliably for a long time, and improving the overall reliability and durability of the support.

[0069] In the above technical solution, a rubber layer 20 is prepared by mixing and processing with a suitable process, and then coated and fixed onto the outer surface of the honeycomb layer 22 and the carbon fiber composite strip. During operation, the rubber layer 20 utilizes the flexibility and sealing properties of hydrogenated nitrile rubber, as well as the reinforcing properties of nano-silica and carbon nanotubes, to prevent external environmental erosion and wear on the buffer block 12. Under pressure, the rubber layer 20 can effectively buffer the pressure, dispersing it to the underlying honeycomb layer 22 and carbon fiber composite strip, improving the overall performance of the buffer block 12 and providing better protection and support for the support column in harsh underground environments.

[0070] Although embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed above, they are not limited to the applications listed in the specification and embodiments. They can be applied to various fields suitable for the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other modifications can be easily made. Therefore, without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and their equivalents, the present invention is not limited to the specific details and illustrations shown and described herein.

Claims

1. A non-injection monomer pressure-increasing support, characterized in that, include: Base (1), on which the outer casing assembly (2) is provided; The lifting sleeve assembly has a lead screw (3) rotatably connected to the base (1), and a large gear assembly is coaxially provided on the lead screw (3). The sleeve (4) of the lifting sleeve assembly is slidably sleeved inside the outer shell assembly (2). A ratchet assembly (6) is located on the side of the housing assembly (2). The output shaft of the ratchet assembly (6) is located inside the housing assembly (2) and a pinion assembly is coaxially provided. The pinion (7) of the pinion assembly meshes with the large gear (5) of the large gear assembly. Guide seat (8), which is disposed on the top of the sleeve (4); A hydraulic pillow (9) is disposed within the guide seat (8); A pressure relief pipe (10) is provided on the hydraulic pillow (9). A pressure plate (11) is provided at the top of the pressure relief pipe (10). An annular buffer block (12) is provided near the outer edge of the pressure plate (11). The connecting pipe assembly (13) is fitted inside the guide seat (8). The bottom of the connecting pipe assembly (13) has two contact surfaces, which abut against the top surfaces of the pressure relief pipe (10) and the buffer block (12), respectively. The side wall of the connector assembly (13) is provided with at least one pair of first lugs (14), and the side wall of the guide seat (8) is provided with at least one pair of corresponding second lugs (15). A tensioning screw (16) is correspondingly threaded through each first lug (14) and second lug (15). A compression nut is threaded on the top of the tensioning screw (16), and a helical spring (17) is sleeved on the screw from its bottom to the second lug (15). The buffer block (12) includes: The honeycomb layer (22) is made of shape memory alloy; Multi-strand carbon fiber composite tape (19) is applied and fixed to the upper and lower surfaces of the honeycomb layer (22) at intervals; A rubber layer (20) is applied and fixed to the outer surface of the honeycomb layer (22) and the carbon fiber composite tape; An alloy steel layer (21) is applied and fixed to the upper and lower surfaces of the rubber layer (20).

2. The non-injection monomer pressure-increasing support column as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The base (1) is provided with a bearing, and the lower end of the lead screw (3) is rotatably connected to the base (1) through the bearing. The large gear (5) is coaxially fixedly connected to the lead screw (3) through a key connection.

3. The non-injection monomer pressure-increasing support column as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The honeycomb layer (22) is made of a nickel-titanium alloy with copper as an improvement. The specific formula is: 50.5% nickel atoms, 47% titanium atoms, and 2.5% copper atoms.

4. The non-injection monomer pressure-increasing support column as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the honeycomb layer (22) is 20mm, and the unit structure of the honeycomb layer (22) is a regular hexagonal honeycomb structure with a side length of 5mm and a wall thickness of 1mm.

5. The non-injection monomer pressure-increasing support column as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The carbon fiber composite tape is made of carbon fiber and resin matrix composite material. The carbon fiber composite tape is laid in a 45° and -45° cross-laying method. The width of the carbon fiber composite tape is 20mm and the thickness is 1mm.

6. The non-injection monomer pressure-increasing support column as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The material of the rubber layer (20) is a composite of hydrogenated nitrile rubber, nano-silica, and carbon nanotubes, wherein the average particle size of the nano-silica is 20 nm, the outer diameter of the carbon nanotubes is 10~20 nm, and the length is 5~15 μm.

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