A new energy system for efficient ventilation, cooling and comprehensive utilization of heat-damaged mines

Abstract

The present invention discloses a new energy system for efficient ventilation, cooling, and comprehensive utilization of heat-damaged mines, and relates to the technical field of ventilation and cooling of heat-damaged mines, including: a liquid air energy storage power station, a liquid air delivery pipeline system arranged in a liquid air delivery formation borehole, an underground liquid air storage and delivery system arranged in an underground chamber in the mine area, and a liquid air delivery pipeline system for connecting the liquid air energy storage power station and the underground liquid air storage and delivery system; the underground liquid air storage and delivery system includes an underground liquid air storage station and an underground liquid air delivery system; the underground liquid air storage station is used to store liquid air; the end of the underground liquid air delivery system is connected to the underground mining area, and is used for ventilation, cooling, and comprehensive energy utilization of the underground mining area. The present invention improves the efficiency of traditional ventilation and cooling processes, increases the means of using liquid gas for industrial production underground, and greatly reduces the energy consumption cost of mine production. It can also provide energy storage and efficiency improvement for the ground power supply system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the fields of ventilation and cooling technology for heat-damaged mines, and the comprehensive utilization of underground air compression power and other liquid air, and in particular to a new energy system for efficient ventilation, cooling and comprehensive utilization of heat-damaged mines. Background Art

[0002] As international scientific and economic competition intensifies, the demand for deep resources is growing. Resource extraction is increasing at ever-greater depths, and the technical challenges of high geostress, high water pressure, and high ground temperature are becoming increasingly significant. Traditional mine construction and resource extraction models face challenges, such as increasing underground ventilation requirements, increasing difficulty in managing heat damage, and increasing transportation and hoisting distances. This leads to increasing difficulty and cost in shaft construction, and the increasing number and depth of mines. Therefore, how can mines be constructed efficiently and quickly? How can energy and resource consumption in resource extraction be reduced? How can the physical and mental health of underground miners be protected and sustainable development achieved? Solving these challenges requires the development of new processes, new materials, and new technologies.

[0003] First, both domestic and international coal and non-coal mines require, in addition to main and auxiliary shafts, multiple dedicated return and intake air shafts for deep mining (e.g., over 500 meters). The largest auxiliary shaft in a typical mine typically has a net diameter of over 8 meters, but this has now grown to 12 meters, and its depth has reached over 600 meters. Besides transporting equipment and personnel, auxiliary shafts also serve a crucial role in supplying air to the mine. In the early stages of resource mining, one or two return air shafts were installed, forming the primary ventilation channels for the entire mine. However, as the scope and depth of mining expand, the demand for fresh air increases, necessitating an increase in the number of intake and return air shafts. For example, at the Xi'anshan Iron Mine, mining reaches over 700 meters deep. In addition to rail transportation, an ore belt inclined shaft, and auxiliary shafts, seven vertical shafts are constructed for return air supply, along with ten auxiliary shafts. This increase in the number of shafts significantly increases the engineering workload and the mine construction period, rapidly increasing the cost and investment involved.

[0004] Second, deep mines often rely solely on mechanical ventilation and mechanical compression refrigeration to address heat damage. Ventilation and cooling require high-quality air conditioning equipment above or below the mine, or direct cooling at the working face. These air conditioning systems typically utilize mechanical compression refrigeration. As mining depth and distance increase, these traditional cooling methods fail to meet the technical requirements for underground cooling, resulting in declining cooling effectiveness and increasing costs.

[0005] Third, with the development of mining technology, underground compressed air power has increased, and the use of liquid air has also increased: for example, pneumatic tools have high rock breaking efficiency and low energy consumption; liquid air has a large volume expansion and can be used for underground crushing and reinforcement of water-containing surrounding rocks, etc. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems existing in the prior art, the embodiment of the present invention provides a new energy system for efficient ventilation, cooling and comprehensive utilization of heat-damaged mines. The technical solution is as follows:

[0007] In the first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a new energy system for efficient ventilation, cooling and comprehensive utilization of heat-damaged mines, comprising: a liquid air energy storage power station, a liquid air transport formation borehole, a liquid air transport pipeline system and an underground liquid air storage and transport system; wherein the liquid air energy storage power station is arranged at a ground position within the mine area, the liquid air transport pipeline system is arranged in the liquid air transport formation borehole, the underground liquid air storage and transport system is arranged in an underground chamber in the mine area, and the liquid air transport pipeline system is used to connect the liquid air The energy storage power station and the downhole liquid air storage and transportation system; the liquid air energy storage power station is used to produce and store liquid air; the liquid air transportation pipeline system is used to transport the liquid air produced by the liquid air energy storage power station to the downhole liquid air storage and transportation system; the downhole liquid air storage and transportation system includes a downhole liquid air storage station and a downhole liquid air transportation system; the downhole liquid air storage station is used to store liquid air; the end of the downhole liquid air transportation system is connected to the downhole mining area, and is used for ventilation, cooling and comprehensive utilization of gas in the downhole mining area.

[0008] Furthermore, the liquid air transportation pipeline system includes: a support pipe body and a liquid air transportation pipeline; wherein, cement mortar is filled and reinforced between the support pipe body and the surrounding rock wall of the liquid air transportation formation borehole; the liquid air transportation pipeline is suspended inside the support pipe body by a lifting rope, and the liquid air transportation pipeline and the lifting rope are connected by a clamp; a steel concrete base and an anchor rod and cable reinforcement structure are also provided at the bottom of the support pipe body; and insulation measures are taken inside the support pipe body.

[0009] Furthermore, the support pipe body includes a prefabricated steel pipe concrete lining; the prefabricated steel pipe concrete lining includes a low-temperature resistant stainless steel pipe and concrete poured on the outer side wall of the stainless steel pipe.

[0010] Furthermore, the downhole liquid air storage and transportation system further includes: a liquid air distillation station, a liquid oxygen station, and a liquid nitrogen station; wherein the liquid air distillation station is connected to the output pipeline of the downhole liquid air storage station, and the liquid oxygen station and the liquid nitrogen station are both connected to the output pipeline of the liquid air distillation station; the liquid air distillation station is used to distill liquefied air to obtain liquid oxygen and liquid nitrogen; the liquid oxygen station is used to store liquid oxygen; and the liquid nitrogen station is used to store liquid nitrogen.

[0011] Furthermore, a cold air supply station is set up in the underground mining area; the cold air supply station includes a first hot air blower, a liquid-air phase change throttling air enhancer, a first ventilation duct, a first liquid air inlet pipe, a first surrounding rock insulation layer and a first air quality monitoring module; the air inlet of the first hot air blower is connected to the air inlet tunnel, the air outlet of the first hot air blower is provided with the first ventilation duct, the liquid-air phase change throttling air enhancer is provided in the first ventilation duct, the bottom of the liquid-air phase change throttling air enhancer is connected to the first liquid air inlet pipe, and the first liquid air inlet pipe is connected to the end of the underground liquid-air transportation system; the liquid-air phase change throttling air enhancer is used to throttle and vaporize the liquid air transported by the first liquid air inlet pipe for heat exchange; the first surrounding rock insulation layer is provided on the outer wall of the cold air supply station, and the first air quality monitoring module is also provided inside the first ventilation duct.

[0012] Furthermore, a cold air compressed air supply station is provided in the underground mining area; the cold air compressed air supply station includes a second hot air blower, a liquid-air phase change throttling cooling air increase and pressure reduction air compression synthesizer, a second ventilation duct, a second liquid air inlet pipe, a second surrounding rock insulation layer, a second air quality monitoring module and a compressed air output pipeline; the air inlet of the second hot air blower is connected to the air inlet tunnel, the air outlet of the second hot air blower is provided with the second ventilation duct, the liquid-air phase change throttling cooling air increase and pressure reduction air compression synthesizer is provided in the second ventilation duct, the liquid-air phase change throttling cooling air increase and pressure reduction air compression synthesizer is provided in the second ventilation duct, and the liquid-air phase change throttling cooling air increase and pressure reduction air compression synthesizer is provided in the second ventilation duct. The bottom of the pressure-reducing and air-compression synthesizer is connected to the second liquid air inlet pipe, the second liquid air inlet pipe is connected to the end of the downhole liquid air transportation system, and the output end of the liquid-air phase change throttling, cooling, air increasing, and pressure-reducing air-compression synthesizer is connected to the compressed air output pipeline; the liquid-air phase change throttling, cooling, air increasing, and pressure-reducing air-compression synthesizer is used to throttle, vaporize, heat exchange, and output air compression power for the liquid air transported by the second liquid air inlet pipe; the second surrounding rock insulation layer is provided on the outer wall of the cold air supply station, and the second air quality monitoring module is also provided inside the second ventilation duct.

[0013] Furthermore, it also includes a waste heat utilization system; the waste heat utilization system includes: an air shaft fan, a main and auxiliary shaft of the mine, the underground liquid and air transportation system, a return air shaft, a waste heat recovery device and a ground heat supply equipment; wherein, the air shaft fan is arranged at the ground wellhead position of the main and auxiliary shafts of the mine and the ground wellhead position of the return air shaft, the underground liquid and air transportation system is connected to the bottom of the main and auxiliary shafts of the mine, the underground mining area and the bottom of the return air shaft, the ground wellhead of the return air shaft is connected to the waste heat recovery device, and the waste heat recovery device is connected to the ground heat supply equipment.

[0014] The present invention provides a new energy system for efficient ventilation, cooling and comprehensive utilization of heat-damaged mines. It combines liquid air production technology with mining ventilation, mine cooling, air compression power and other systems, and integrates them with the current mining power supply system to form a mining ventilation, power and power generation system based on the new energy system, as well as the underground comprehensive utilization of liquid air and its distillation products. It can improve the cooling efficiency and reduce costs in mines, and alleviate the technical problems of low cooling efficiency and high cost in traditional cooling methods. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0016] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a new energy system for efficient ventilation, cooling, and comprehensive utilization of heat-damaged mines provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 2 A top view of a liquid air delivery pipeline system provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 3 A side sectional view of a liquid air delivery pipeline system provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the bottom structure of a support pipe body provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a downhole liquid air storage and transportation system provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of an underground liquid-air storage station provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of a liquid air distillation station provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of a liquid oxygen station provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 9 A schematic diagram of a liquid nitrogen station provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 10 A schematic diagram of a cold air supply station provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 11A schematic diagram of a cold air compressed air supply station provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Figure: 10, liquid air energy storage power station, 20, liquid air transportation formation drilling, 21, cement mortar, 30, liquid air transportation pipeline system, 31, support pipe body, 311, stainless steel pipe, 312, concrete, 32, liquid air transportation pipeline, 33, lifting rope, 34, clamp, 35, steel concrete base, 36, anchor rod and cable reinforcement structure, 40, underground liquid air storage and transportation system, 41, underground liquid air storage station, 411, storage tank, 412, storage station air inlet, 413, storage station air outlet, 414, chamber inlet Door, 415, chamber exit, 416, first air quality detection and control point, 417, pipeline, 42, underground liquid air transportation system, 43, liquid air distillation station, 431, distillation tower, 432, distillation station chamber air inlet, 433, distillation station air outlet, 434, distillation station entrance, 435, distillation station exit, 436, second air quality detection and control point, 437, underground liquid air connecting pipe, 44, liquid oxygen station, 441, liquid oxygen storage tank, 442, liquid oxygen station chamber air inlet, 443, liquid oxygen station air outlet, 444, Liquid oxygen station entrance, 445, liquid oxygen station exit, 446, third air quality detection control point, 447, underground liquid oxygen connecting pipe, 45, liquid nitrogen station, 451, liquid nitrogen storage tank, 452, liquid nitrogen station chamber air inlet, 453, liquid nitrogen station air outlet, 454, liquid nitrogen station entrance, 455, liquid nitrogen station exit, 456, fourth air quality detection control point, 457, underground liquid nitrogen connecting pipe, 51, first hot air blower, 52, liquid air phase change throttling air booster, 53, first ventilation duct, 54, first liquid air inlet pipe, 55, first A surrounding rock insulation layer, 56. A first air quality monitoring module, 61. A second hot air fan, 62. A liquid-air phase change throttling, cooling, air increase, and pressure reduction air compressor, 63. A second ventilation duct, 64. A second liquid air inlet pipe, 65. A second surrounding rock insulation layer, 66. A second air quality monitoring module, 67. A compressed air output pipeline, 71. A wind shaft fan, 72. A main and auxiliary shafts of the mine, 721. A main shaft space, 722. An auxiliary shaft space, 73. A return air shaft, 74. A waste heat recovery device, 75. A surface heat supply equipment, 76. An underground mining area. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The technical solution of the present invention is described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0029] In the embodiments of the present invention, words such as "exemplarily" and "for example" are used to indicate examples, illustrations, or explanations. Any embodiment or design described as an "exemplary" in the present invention should not be interpreted as being preferred or advantageous over other embodiments or designs. Rather, the use of the word "exemplary" is intended to present concepts in a concrete manner. Furthermore, in the embodiments of the present invention, "and / or" can mean both or either of the two.

[0030] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages to be solved by the present invention clearer, a detailed description will be given below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0031] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a new energy system for efficient ventilation, cooling and comprehensive utilization of heat-damaged mines provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 As shown, the system includes: a liquid air energy storage power station 10, a liquid air transportation formation borehole 20, a liquid air transportation pipeline system 30 and an underground liquid air storage and transportation system 40; wherein, the liquid air energy storage power station 10 is arranged at a ground position in the mine area, the liquid air transportation pipeline system 30 is arranged in the liquid air transportation formation borehole 20, and the underground liquid air storage and transportation system 40 is arranged in an underground chamber in the mine area, and the liquid air transportation pipeline system 30 is used to connect the liquid air energy storage power station 10 and the underground liquid air storage and transportation system 40.

[0032] Specifically, the liquid air energy storage power station 10 is used to produce and store liquid air;

[0033] The liquid air transportation pipeline system 30 is used to transport the liquid air produced by the liquid air energy storage power station 10 to the underground liquid air storage and transportation system 40;

[0034] The downhole liquid air storage and transportation system 40 includes a downhole liquid air storage station 41 and a downhole liquid air transportation system 42; the downhole liquid air storage station 41 is used to store liquid air; the end of the downhole liquid air transportation system 42 is connected to the downhole mining area, and is used to ventilate, cool and comprehensively utilize gas in the downhole mining area.

[0035] Figure 2 This is a top view of a liquid air delivery pipeline system provided according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 FIG. 1 is a side cross-sectional view of a liquid air delivery pipeline system provided according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the liquid air transportation pipeline system 30 includes: a support pipe body 31 and a liquid air transportation pipeline 32.

[0036] Specifically, cement mortar 21 is filled between the support pipe body 31 and the surrounding rock wall of the liquid air transport formation borehole 20 for reinforcement.

[0037] The liquid air delivery pipeline 32 is suspended inside the support pipe body 31 by a suspension rope 33, and the liquid air delivery pipeline 32 and the suspension rope 33 are connected by a clamp 34. Optionally, the suspension rope 33 includes a steel wire rope.

[0038] Specifically, the support pipe body 31 includes a prefabricated steel pipe concrete lining, which includes a low-temperature-resistant stainless steel pipe 311 and concrete 312 poured on the outer wall of the stainless steel pipe 311. Optionally, the concrete 312 includes C40 or higher concrete.

[0039] like Figure 2 As shown in the figure, in the cross section of the liquid air delivery pipeline system, the stainless steel pipe 311 for delivering cryogenic liquid is located in the center, which is suspended in the air with a clamp 34 and a suspension rope 33. During the lowering process, the pipe is butt-welded and the interface concrete is filled with mortar after cooling.

[0040] After installation, insulation measures are taken inside the support pipe body 31, for example, vacuuming the inside of the support pipe body 31 to meet the insulation and heat preservation requirements. The support pipe body 31 can bear the water and soil pressure of the deep hole surrounding rock and the sealing requirements.

[0041] Specifically, the dimensional relationships of the various components of the liquid air delivery pipeline system 30 provided in the embodiment of the present invention include:

[0042] (1) Horizontal dimension relationship:

[0043] The main technical parameters include: the net diameter of the liquid air transport formation drilling hole 20 , the outer diameter of the liquid air delivery pipe 32 ,thickness , insulation thickness , the thickness of the support pipe 31 ,diameter , drilling filling thickness (The prefabricated support pipe body is built with stainless steel pipe + concrete),

[0044] (1);

[0045] The material selection, thickness, and connection of the liquid air delivery pipeline 32 and the inner tube of the support pipe body 31 should all comply with the design requirements of cryogenic pipelines in the petrochemical industry.

[0046] Thickness, first of all, should meet the technical requirements for thermal insulation thickness, and secondly, it should meet the process requirements for steel pipe and steel wire suspension of liquid and air conveying pipes in the shaft;

[0047] The support pipe body 31 is prefabricated in the ground factory, the stainless steel pipe is built in, and high-strength concrete is poured outside; the stainless steel pipe is longitudinally welded and butted on site. Figure 3 . ,satisfy ;

[0048] The design of parameters such as the inner diameter and wall thickness of the liquid air delivery pipeline 32 can be carried out by referring to the relevant cryogenic pipeline design manual, current relevant specifications and standards. The basic condition parameter of the design is the maximum working pressure , Liquid air flow for ventilation , the liquid-to-air flow rate of the cryogenic cooling liquid is calculated as follows:

[0049] Maximum working pressure of liquid air pipeline (MPa):

[0050] ; (3)

[0051] Where: H—drilling depth in m; —Liquid air density 0.87 ; The initial pressure value of 1.8MPa is generally the permanent value of the ground liquid air pressure.

[0052] Determining Liquid Air Ventilation Flow

[0053] The ventilation demand is calculated according to formula (4):

[0054] (4);

[0055] in, is the ventilation volume, ;

[0056] Determining Liquid Air Ventilation Flow Calculate the cooling capacity requirement according to formula (5):

[0057] (5);

[0058] in: The flow rates required for latent heat exchange of liquid air phase change and air temperature rise respectively.

[0059] (2) Drilling support and net drilling diameter design

[0060] Total thickness of support pipe 31 , mechanical analysis is conducted based on the composite structure. The steel plate acts as a water stop, while the steel pipe and concrete jointly support the water and soil pressure. The maximum mud pressure during construction Design: The filling mud should solidify slowly in the later stage, combining with the formation and support pipe to form a joint effect.

[0061] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the bottom structure of a support pipe body provided according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 As shown, a steel concrete base 35 and an anchor rod and cable reinforcement structure 36 are also provided at the bottom of the support pipe body 31 .

[0062] The embodiment of the present invention further provides a drilling construction method, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0063] (a) The drilling process generally uses mud wall protection to drill to the bottom in one go, and then lower the prefabricated steel pipe concrete lining; before lowering, the drilling circulation mud is replaced with slow-setting cement slurry, and the initial setting time of the mud is Satisfaction is greater than 8 to 10 hours.

[0064] (b) The connection of stainless steel concrete pipe is made by butt welding, and measures such as hanging are taken to ensure verticality; after welding, use fast-setting high-strength mortar to fill the pipe wall with the same thickness as the concrete; the weld should be subjected to non-destructive testing to ensure that the welding connection is firm and the pipeline is leak-proof. The longitudinal connection of stainless steel concrete pipe is shown in Figure 3 .

[0065] (c) After drilling to the designed depth, the prefabricated steel pipe concrete pipe is lowered to the center of the mud floating sinking. The total lowering time is control Within hours.

[0066] (d) The drilling rig capacity should be large enough, the drilling diameter should be greater than 400-600mm, and the drilling depth should be greater than H. The drilling rig equipment should operate smoothly, and the drilling process should adopt the target area control method to ensure the directional rain and deviation rate of the drilling hole. Generally, the vertical deviation rate of the drilling hole can reach ≤0.1~0.2%.

[0067] (e) After the filling mud is solidified, the bottom of the hole is opened underground to reinforce the surrounding rock at the bottom of the hole, build a steel concrete base for the liquid air pipe, and complete key tasks such as thermal insulation and sealing of the bottom of the hole.

[0068] The embodiment of the present invention further provides a method for vertically hoisting and conveying a liquid air conveying pipeline, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0069] (1) Preparatory work above and below ground, especially preparation for underground construction.

[0070] Prepare vacuum insulation pipes, corrugated expansion pipes, connecting parts, lifting equipment, etc. on the ground;

[0071] After the vertical liquid air transport formation drilling is completed, the chamber construction begins at the bottom of the borehole, the borehole is exposed, the bottom surrounding rock is reinforced, and the bottom support pier of the vacuum pipeline is built. Figure 4 As shown, it consists of a steel concrete base and an anchor rod and cable reinforcement structure.

[0072] (2) Suspension, lowering and thermal insulation of liquid air pipes.

[0073] Double ropes are used to suspend and lower the vacuum steel pipe (i.e. liquid air transmission pipeline). The first section of the steel pipe concrete is installed with two clamps, and each section upwards has a pipe clamp; the force on the wire rope is monitored throughout the process.

[0074] After the lifting is completed, the upper and lower parts are sealed and vacuumed to meet the vacuum insulation technical requirements, or filled with insulation materials.

[0075] It should be noted that vacuum is only the most well-known method of cryogenic insulation. With the advancement of technology, other insulation process methods will replace it to facilitate comprehensive development.

[0076] (3) Debugging and trial operation of liquid air vertical transportation.

[0077] After the installation of the surface system, vertical insulation pipeline and downhole liquid-air storage system is completed, the three stages of system debugging, trial operation and formal operation can be gradually started.

[0078] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of a downhole liquid air storage and transportation system provided according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 5 As shown, the downhole liquid air storage and transportation system 40 also includes: a liquid air distillation station 43, a liquid oxygen station 44 and a liquid nitrogen station 45; wherein the liquid air distillation station 43 is connected to the output pipeline of the downhole liquid air storage station 41, and the liquid oxygen station 44 and the liquid nitrogen station 45 are both connected to the output pipeline of the liquid air distillation station 43.

[0079] Specifically, the liquid air distillation station 43 is used to distill liquefied air to obtain high-purity liquid oxygen and liquid nitrogen;

[0080] Liquid oxygen station 44, for storing liquid oxygen;

[0081] Liquid nitrogen station 45 is used to store liquid nitrogen.

[0082] The underground space is a surrounding rock environment with high surrounding rock temperature and large ground stress; the space is small and the ventilation conditions are poor, and other special difficult conditions; in view of the storage safety conditions and use requirements of liquid oxygen and liquid nitrogen, basic requirements for chamber geometry and support are proposed, as well as basic principles for storage station operation and maintenance safety, etc.

[0083] The structure of the underground liquid air storage station 41 and liquid air distillation station 43 is the same as that of similar equipment on the ground, except that the liquid air pressure increases in direct proportion to the depth, and the storage pressure is greater than (MPa).

[0084] The size of the chamber is proportional to the size of the storage tank of the underground liquid air storage station 41, and the space should be large enough to install the liquid air storage tank.

[0085] A liquid air distillation station 43 is to be set up underground, and the ratio of the net diameter to the net height of the chamber should meet the process requirements of the distillation tower;

[0086] Each underground chamber should operate under automated, unmanned, and digital conditions. The liquid oxygen and liquid nitrogen chambers should be equipped with emergency resupply systems for nitrogen and oxygen, respectively. The liquid air station chamber also has automatic nitrogen and oxygen balance monitoring and emergency resupply equipment.

[0087] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of an underground liquid-air storage station provided according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 6 As shown, the underground liquid air storage station 41 is the source of all liquid or gaseous products underground. Based on the standards of the ground liquid air storage station, special requirements of the underground should be taken into consideration. The basic unit of the underground liquid air storage station 41 includes: a storage tank 411 connected to the liquid air input of the vertical borehole on the ground, a storage station air inlet 412, a storage station air outlet 413, a chamber entrance 414, a chamber exit 415, multiple first air quality detection control points 416, and a pipeline 417 of the liquid air transmission pipeline 32.

[0088] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of a liquid air distillation station according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 7 As shown, the liquid air distillation station 43 is used to distill the underground liquid air to provide liquid gas products such as liquid oxygen / liquid nitrogen. Based on the reference to the ground liquid air distillation station construction standards, the special requirements of the underground should be taken into consideration. The basic units of the liquid air distillation station 43 include: a distillation tower 431 connected to the underground liquid air storage station 41, a distillation station chamber air inlet 432, a distillation station air outlet 433, a distillation station entrance 434, a distillation station exit 435, multiple second air quality detection control points 436, and an underground liquid air connecting pipe 437.

[0089] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of a liquid oxygen station provided according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 8 As shown, liquid oxygen station 44 is connected to liquid air distillation station 43 and is a station that provides liquid oxygen products. While referring to surface liquid oxygen station construction standards, it also takes into account special underground requirements. The basic components of liquid oxygen station 44 include: a liquid oxygen storage tank 441 connected to liquid air distillation station 43; a liquid oxygen station chamber air inlet 442; a liquid oxygen station air outlet 443; a liquid oxygen station entrance 444; a liquid oxygen station exit 445; multiple third air quality detection and control points 446; and a downhole liquid oxygen connection pipe 447.

[0090] Figure 9 Schematic diagram of a liquid nitrogen station provided according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 9As shown, liquid nitrogen station 45 is connected to liquid air distillation station 43 and is a station that provides liquid nitrogen products. Based on the construction standards of ground liquid nitrogen stations, special requirements of underground mines should be considered. The basic units of liquid nitrogen station 45 include: a liquid nitrogen storage tank 451 connected to liquid air distillation station 43, a liquid nitrogen station chamber air inlet 452, a liquid nitrogen station air outlet 453, a liquid nitrogen station entrance 454, a liquid nitrogen station exit 455, multiple fourth air quality detection control points 456, and an underground liquid nitrogen connection pipe 457.

[0091] In the embodiments of the present invention, the primary purpose of transporting liquid air underground is to improve and enhance underground ventilation quality and efficiency, fully utilize cryogenic phase change cooling sources, mitigate heat damage, improve the underground operating temperature environment, and fully utilize the mechanical compression energy of liquid air to generate underground compressed air power. When liquid air enters an underground storage tank, the pressure inside the tank rises from 1-2 MPa at the surface to several times that underground, which can be simply calculated based on the hydrostatic pressure relationship. The specific gravity of liquid air is approximately 0.877. For example, at a mining depth of 500 m, the underground liquid air pressure will reach over 7.39 MPa. Furthermore, the latent heat of phase change of 1 kg of liquid air is approximately 200 kJ, and the vaporization temperature is below -190°C.

[0092] In an optional implementation provided by an embodiment of the present invention, an independent cold air supply station can be built in each mining area underground. The hot fresh air that has been heated underground and sent down from the air inlet duct (the air comes from the auxiliary vertical shaft or the air inlet vertical shaft) is transferred and vaporized with the liquid-air phase change throttling air enhancer to increase the supply of fresh cold air underground, which is used to improve the air quality conditions in the underground mining area or single-headed excavation working face.

[0093] Figure 10 Schematic diagram of a cold air supply station provided according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 10 As shown, in an embodiment of the present invention, the cold air supply station includes a first hot air blower 51, a liquid-air phase change throttling air booster 52, a first ventilation duct 53, a first liquid air inlet pipe 54, a first surrounding rock insulation layer 55 and a first air quality monitoring module 56; the air inlet of the first hot air blower 51 is connected to the air inlet tunnel, and the air outlet of the first hot air blower 51 is provided with a first ventilation duct 53, and the liquid-air phase change throttling air booster 52 is provided in the first ventilation duct 53, and the bottom of the liquid-air phase change throttling air booster 52 is connected to the first liquid air inlet pipe 54, and the first liquid air inlet pipe 54 is connected to the end of the downhole liquid air transportation system 42.

[0094] Specifically, the liquid-air phase-change throttling air enhancer 52 is used to throttle and vaporize the liquid air delivered by the first liquid-air inlet pipe 54 for heat exchange;

[0095] A first surrounding rock insulation layer 55 is provided on the outer side wall of the cold air supply station, and a first air quality monitoring module 56 is also provided inside the first ventilation duct 53 .

[0096] In another optional implementation provided by an embodiment of the present invention, an independent cold air compressed air supply station can be built in each mining area underground. The hot fresh air sent down from the air inlet tunnel (the air comes from the auxiliary vertical shaft or the air inlet vertical shaft) and heated underground is transferred and gasified through the liquid-air phase change throttling, cooling, air increasing and pressure reducing air compression combiner. On the basis of increasing the supply of fresh cold air underground, it also provides underground compressed air power output. On the premise of improving the air quality conditions of the underground mining area or the single-headed excavation working face, it provides wind pressure power for underground mining operations.

[0097] Figure 11 Schematic diagram of a cold air pressure supply station provided according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 11 As shown, the cold air compressed air supply station includes a second hot air blower 61, a liquid-air phase change throttling cooling air increase and pressure reduction air pressure synthesizer 62, a second ventilation duct 63, a second liquid air inlet pipe 64, a second surrounding rock insulation layer 65, a second air quality monitoring module 66 and a compressed air output pipeline 67; the air inlet of the second hot air blower 61 is connected to the air inlet tunnel, and the air outlet of the second hot air blower 61 is provided with a second ventilation duct 63, and the liquid-air phase change throttling cooling air increase and pressure reduction air pressure synthesizer 62 is provided in the second ventilation duct 63, the bottom of the liquid-air phase change throttling cooling air increase and pressure reduction air pressure synthesizer 62 is connected to the second liquid air inlet pipe 64, the second liquid air inlet pipe 64 is connected to the end of the underground liquid air transportation system 42, and the output end of the liquid-air phase change throttling cooling air increase and pressure reduction air pressure synthesizer 62 is connected to the compressed air output pipeline 67.

[0098] Specifically, the liquid-air phase change throttling, cooling, air-increasing and pressure-reducing air-compression synthesizer 62 is used to throttle, vaporize, heat-exchange and compress the liquid air delivered by the second liquid-air inlet pipe 64 and output the air-compression power;

[0099] A second surrounding rock insulation layer 65 is provided on the outer side wall of the cold air supply station, and a second air quality monitoring module 66 is also provided inside the second ventilation duct 63 .

[0100] In the embodiments of the present invention, underground mines are confined and confined, so the quality and safety of fresh cold air production are interconnected. Whether using liquid air, compressed air, or atmospheric air, the oxygen content must be maintained at approximately 21%, with a tolerance of no more than 1%. A content below 19% can cause suffocation, while excessively high oxygen content can lead to equipment ignition, fire, or even explosion, representing the highest risk control level. The oxygen and nitrogen contents of liquid air and air are tested simultaneously, compared and calibrated, and anomalies are combined to generate alarms.

[0101] Sensor detection should be set up at multiple points on each storage tank at the ground liquid air underground well end, underground liquid air tank storage center, distillation tower, liquid oxygen station, and liquid air station, and detection should be carried out simultaneously inside and outside the tank. Internal and external observation points should be set up at the weak links of the pipeline valves connecting the various storage tanks.

[0102] In an optional implementation provided by the embodiment of the present invention, a waste heat utilization system is also included; specifically, Figure 1 As shown, the waste heat utilization system includes: an air shaft blower 71, a main and auxiliary shaft of the mine 72, an underground liquid air transportation system 42, a return air shaft 73, a waste heat recovery device 74 and a ground heat supply equipment 75; wherein, the main and auxiliary shafts of the mine 72 include a main shaft space 721 and an auxiliary shaft space 722; the air shaft blower 71 is arranged at the ground wellhead position of the main and auxiliary shafts of the mine 72 and the ground wellhead position of the return air shaft 73, the underground liquid air transportation system 42 is connected to the bottom of the main and auxiliary shafts of the mine 72, the underground mining area 76 and the bottom of the return air shaft 73, the ground wellhead of the return air shaft 73 is connected to the waste heat recovery device 74, and the waste heat recovery device 74 is connected to the ground heat supply equipment 75.

[0103] In an embodiment of the present invention, the waste heat utilization system can be seamlessly connected with underground liquid air storage, combining the waste heat system of surface air liquefaction with the waste heat utilization of underground mining exhaust air to form a comprehensive surface heating, cooling, and power supply system. Considering the full life cycle management of mine construction and mining, as well as green and sustainable development, when mine mining is coming to an end, the underground chambers and tunnels of the mine will continue to be comprehensively utilized, especially in areas with rich geothermal resources and stable surrounding rock areas. These resources can be used for underground heat production, underground special link agricultural production, deep earth scientific research stations, underground space disaster prevention and mitigation comprehensive facilities, and so on.

[0104] As can be seen from the above description, the embodiments of the present invention provide a new energy system for efficient ventilation, cooling, and comprehensive utilization in heat-damaged mines. Compared with the existing technology, it has the following technical effects:

[0105] (1) Actively embrace and promote the development of new technologies for liquid-air energy storage to solve the problems of low utilization of new energy sources (wind power, photovoltaic power) and low efficiency of liquid-air compressed air energy storage.

[0106] New energy is currently experiencing significant development both domestically and internationally, with my country in particular leading the world in this area. This growth in renewable energy also presents challenges with utilization, grid instability, and wasted power. Consequently, energy storage technologies are being vigorously developed both domestically and internationally. Air and liquid air energy storage are emerging as new trends in energy storage, significantly boosting the development of compressed air and liquefied air equipment. Even more valuable, compressed and liquefied air are essential resources for deep-sea resource development. This translates directly into a significant portion of compressed and liquefied air being directly utilized without returning it for power generation, reducing primary energy dissipation.

[0107] (2) Solve the challenges of heat damage caused by deep resource development;

[0108] High-temperature heat damage is one of the "three highs" technical challenges facing resource development at depths exceeding 1,000 meters. When the surrounding rock temperature at the mining level reaches above +35°C, existing technologies for underground ventilation and cooling consume increasing amounts of energy, leading to a sharp increase in mining costs, which can become difficult to overcome. This invention, based on liquefied air for mine ventilation and underground working face cooling, can more deeply and efficiently address the unique difficulties and technical challenges of underground ventilation and cooling.

[0109] (3) Reduce energy consumption for underground ventilation and cooling, and improve energy utilization efficiency;

[0110] The high-tech advantages of the present invention as described in the above benefit 1 are: 1) In terms of ventilation, it overcomes the technical obstacles inherent and difficult to overcome in the operating mode of traditional ventilation equipment, namely, the large volume of normal air transport, high power consumption, short transport distance and other problems, and the liquid air transport volume is reduced by more than 500 times; 2) In terms of cooling, it can greatly reduce the contact area between the liquid air cooling source and the environment, efficiently transport cold capacity, and facilitate energy utilization on the working surface.

[0111] (4) Solve the technical and economic problems brought about by deep resource development, such as large wellbore engineering volume, long construction period, and large investment.

[0112] Shaft construction is a high-risk investment. As mining depth increases, the amount of work involved in mine development increases dramatically, the construction difficulty increases, and the cost doubles. Compared to constructing a 1,000-meter vertical shaft with a 500-meter-deep shaft and a borehole, the cost is more than one-tenth lower. Construction time also increases linearly. Furthermore, the success of shaft construction determines the fate and future of the entire mine.

[0113] As the depth increases, the temperature of the underground heat source rises, and the ventilation volume in the shaft increases dramatically, increasing the cost of cooling. Reducing the shaft cross-section or replacing the shaft with an engineered borehole is a novel idea. Replacing the shaft with a borehole significantly reduces the engineering workload, construction risks, and costs. The only way to achieve this goal is to transport gaseous air as liquid air. Theoretically, the volume can be reduced by more than 500 to 700 times. That is, a shaft with a net diameter of 5 meters and a net area of ​​19.2 square meters can be met by a drill hole with a net area of ​​0.039 square meters and a diameter of 112 mm. Therefore, changing the air transport form theoretically offers significant advantages. It offers significant economic benefits in terms of saving shaft, ventilation, and cooling equipment, and can significantly shorten mine construction schedules.

[0114] (5) Open up new areas of liquid air product supply for underground mines and further promote the development of mining technology. Innovative and comprehensive utilization of compressed liquid air underground, including compressed air power, surrounding rock fracturing and explosive-free blasting, and surrounding rock low-temperature special freezing reinforcement technologies.

[0115] Liquid air technology is the source of various gas products in modern industry. The future application of liquid air in mine production will continue to develop from scratch. First, liquid air is converted into high-pressure air to power underground pneumatic tools. Second, liquid air can be developed into various underground cryogenic applications, such as compressed air blasting, surrounding rock reinforcement, and surrounding rock fracturing.

[0116] (6) Reuse of geothermal resources and underground space resources in deep heat-damaged mines for green and sustainable development.

[0117] After resource development is complete, the surface and underground liquid-air transmission pipelines and underground storage chambers and equipment created by this invention can continue to serve the energy storage system, namely for surface energy storage and power generation. Furthermore, the underground heat damage prevention and control system equipment and chambers can be converted into underground heat extraction equipment, further utilizing deep underground space.

[0118] In summary, the six major technical and economic benefits outlined above suggest a new, highly efficient energy model for future deep-earth resource extraction. This model not only reduces energy input for resource extraction and effectively balances the surface power grid, but also effectively controls underground heat damage, reduces underground ventilation difficulties, and provides a variety of new methods for underground tunneling and surrounding rock control at the working face, thereby comprehensively improving the technical level of green mining.

[0119] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above and that the invention can be implemented in other, richer and more specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as illustrative and non-restrictive, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims, not the foregoing description, and all variations within the meaning and range of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim to which it relates.

[0120] In addition, it should be understood that although this specification is described in terms of implementation methods, not every implementation method contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative method of the specification is only for the sake of clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole. The technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other implementation methods that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A new energy system for efficient ventilation, cooling and comprehensive utilization of heat-damaged mines, characterized by: include: A liquid air energy storage power station, a liquid air transport formation borehole, a liquid air transport pipeline system, and an underground liquid air storage and transport system; wherein the liquid air energy storage power station is arranged on the ground within a mine area, the liquid air transport pipeline system is arranged in the liquid air transport formation borehole, the underground liquid air storage and transport system is arranged in an underground chamber in the mine area, and the liquid air transport pipeline system is used to connect the liquid air energy storage power station and the underground liquid air storage and transport system; The liquid air energy storage power station is used to produce and store liquid air; The liquid air transportation pipeline system is used to transport the liquid air produced by the liquid air energy storage power station to the downhole liquid air storage and transportation system; The downhole liquid air storage and transportation system includes a downhole liquid air storage station and a downhole liquid air transportation system; the downhole liquid air storage station is used to store liquid air; the end of the downhole liquid air transportation system is connected to the downhole mining area, and is used to ventilate, cool and comprehensively utilize gas in the downhole mining area; A cold air supply station is provided in the underground mining area; the cold air supply station includes a first hot air blower, a liquid-air phase change throttling air increaser, a first ventilation duct, a first liquid air inlet pipe, a first surrounding rock insulation layer and a first air quality monitoring module; the air inlet of the first hot air blower is connected to the air inlet tunnel, the air outlet of the first hot air blower is provided with the first ventilation duct, the liquid-air phase change throttling air increaser is provided in the first ventilation duct, the bottom of the liquid-air phase change throttling air increaser is connected to the first liquid air inlet pipe, and the first liquid air inlet pipe is connected to the end of the underground liquid air transportation system; The liquid-air phase-change throttling air enhancer is used to throttle and vaporize the liquid air delivered by the first liquid-air inlet pipe for heat exchange; The first surrounding rock insulation layer is provided on the outer wall of the cold air supply station, and the first air quality monitoring module is further provided inside the first ventilation duct; A cold air compressed air supply station is set up in the underground mining area; the cold air compressed air supply station includes a second hot air blower, a liquid-air phase change throttling cooling air increase and pressure reduction air compression synthesizer, a second ventilation duct, a second liquid air inlet pipe, a second surrounding rock insulation layer, a second air quality monitoring module and a compressed air output pipeline; the air inlet of the second hot air blower is connected to the air inlet tunnel, and the air outlet of the second hot air blower is provided with the second ventilation duct, and the liquid-air phase change throttling cooling air increase and pressure reduction air compression synthesizer is provided in the second ventilation duct, the bottom of the liquid-air phase change throttling cooling air increase and pressure reduction air compression synthesizer is connected to the second liquid air inlet pipe, the second liquid air inlet pipe is connected to the end of the underground liquid air transportation system, and the output end of the liquid-air phase change throttling cooling air increase and pressure reduction air compression synthesizer is connected to the compressed air output pipeline; The liquid-air phase-change throttling, cooling, air-increasing, and pressure-reducing air-compression integrated device is used to throttle, vaporize, heat-exchange, and compress the liquid air delivered by the second liquid-air inlet pipe and output the compressed air power. The second surrounding rock insulation layer is provided on the outer side wall of the cold air supply station, and the second air quality monitoring module is also provided inside the second ventilation duct.

2. The system according to claim 1, wherein: The liquid air delivery pipeline system includes: a support pipe body and a liquid air delivery pipeline; wherein, Cement mortar is filled between the support pipe body and the surrounding rock wall of the liquid air transport formation borehole for reinforcement; The liquid air delivery pipeline is suspended inside the support pipe body by a suspension rope, and the liquid air delivery pipeline and the suspension rope are connected by a clamp; The bottom of the support pipe body is also provided with a steel concrete base and an anchor rod and anchor cable reinforcement structure; Heat insulation measures are taken inside the support pipe body.

3. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The supporting pipe body includes a prefabricated steel pipe concrete lining; the prefabricated steel pipe concrete lining includes a low-temperature resistant stainless steel pipe and concrete poured on the outer side wall of the stainless steel pipe.

4. The system according to claim 1, wherein: The downhole liquid air storage and transportation system further includes: a liquid air distillation station, a liquid oxygen station, and a liquid nitrogen station; wherein the liquid air distillation station is connected to the output pipeline of the downhole liquid air storage station, and the liquid oxygen station and the liquid nitrogen station are both connected to the output pipeline of the liquid air distillation station; The liquid air distillation station is used to distill liquefied air to obtain liquid oxygen and liquid nitrogen; The liquid oxygen station is used to store liquid oxygen; The liquid nitrogen station is used to store liquid nitrogen.

5. The system according to claim 1, wherein: It also includes a waste heat utilization system; the waste heat utilization system includes: an air shaft fan, a main and auxiliary shaft of the mine, the underground liquid and air transportation system, a return air shaft, a waste heat recovery device and ground heat supply equipment; wherein, the air shaft fan is arranged at the ground wellhead position of the main and auxiliary shafts of the mine and the ground wellhead position of the return air shaft, the underground liquid and air transportation system is connected to the bottom of the main and auxiliary shafts of the mine, the underground mining area and the bottom of the return air shaft, the ground wellhead of the return air shaft is connected to the waste heat recovery device, and the waste heat recovery device is connected to the ground heat supply equipment.

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