Tunnel primary support collapse early warning system and use method

Abstract

The invention discloses a tunnel primary support collapse early warning system and a use method. The system comprises a central control device, an alarm device and a laser range finder arranged in the span bending direction of a steel arch. Wherein the laser range finder is mounted between two adjacent steel arches through a positioning device; a carrying plate is supported on the top of the bottom plate, the laser range finder is installed on the top of the carrying plate, an action device is arranged on the bottom plate, and the action device is used for sequentially achieving locking and fixing of the steel arch in a lower rail groove and adjusting the distance between the laser range finder and a wall at the corresponding monitoring point. The installation and positioning of the laser range finder on the steel arch and the adjustment of the distance between the range finding end of the laser range finder and the wall body at the monitoring point can be conveniently and efficiently completed in sequence, and the operation efficiency is high.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of tunnel support, and in particular to a tunnel initial support collapse early warning system and a use method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Traditional safety monitoring of initial tunnel support deformation mainly relies on regular observation by on-site safety officers, who mainly observe the deformation of the top and waist of the initial tunnel support wall. However, it is difficult for safety officers to observe relatively small, unobtrusive deformations and slowly changing cumulative deformations in the dimly lit environment of the tunnel. Moreover, safety officers can only monitor once at certain intervals and cannot monitor in real time. The accuracy of monitoring is also greatly reduced when people are tired, which causes serious safety hazards.

[0003] The invention patent with announcement number CN107703801B in the prior art discloses an all-weather tunnel initial support collapse early warning system and a method of use, wherein the system mainly includes a UPS power supply, an electronic control unit, a central control unit, an audible and visual alarm switch control module, an audible and visual alarm, an intelligent terminal, four attitude-adjustable laser monitoring modules, etc., wherein the attitude-adjustable laser monitoring module is composed of a laser ranging sensor, a two-degree-of-freedom pan-tilt, a microcontroller and a Bluetooth module, and each module is connected to the module by a wire. The electronic control unit is equipped with three buttons, namely a power button, a reset button and a run button. The power button is used to control the power supply of the entire system. When the power button is pressed, the entire system is powered on. When the reset button is pressed, the four attitude-adjustable laser monitoring modules work in the reset mode. When the run button is pressed, the four attitude-adjustable laser monitoring modules are in the normal working mode. When the system detects that the initial support of the tunnel has sunk and deformed significantly and a collapse accident occurs, the system sends out an early warning message through the audible and visual alarm.

[0004] However, the above patented technology has certain defects, as follows:

[0005] Since the laser rangefinder is mostly installed on the steel arch frame by bolts, and the installation position of the laser rangefinder needs to be constantly adjusted to ensure that the distance between its ranging end and the wall at the monitoring point can be adjusted to a predetermined initial distance, this process requires repeated disassembly and assembly of the laser rangefinder until the adjustment is completed, which results in cumbersome operation, time-consuming and labor-intensive operation, and low operating efficiency. Summary of the invention

[0006] In order to solve the technical problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology, the present invention provides a tunnel initial support collapse early warning system and a use method.

[0007] The present invention is implemented by the following technical solutions: a tunnel initial support collapse early warning system, including a central control device, an alarm device and a laser rangefinder arranged along the span bending direction of the steel arch;

[0008] The laser rangefinder is used to monitor the sinking deformation of the wall at the corresponding monitoring point at all times; the central control device is used to determine whether the sinking deformation of the wall at the monitoring point is greater than a predetermined threshold value, and if so, control the alarm device to send out an alarm signal;

[0009] The laser rangefinder is installed between two adjacent steel arch frames through a positioning device, and the positioning device includes a bottom plate, lower rail seats are arranged on both sides of the bottom plate, and lower rail grooves are opened on the tops of the two lower rail seats, and the two lower rail grooves are respectively inserted into the inner sides of the two adjacent steel arch frames;

[0010] The top of the bottom plate supports a carrier plate, and the laser rangefinder is mounted on the top of the carrier plate.

[0011] An action device is arranged on the bottom plate, and the action device is used to realize the locking and fixing of the steel arch frame in the lower rail groove and the adjustment of the distance between the laser rangefinder and the wall at the corresponding monitoring point in sequence.

[0012] As a further improvement of the above scheme, the action device includes an adjusting rod, a first locking mechanism and a distance adjusting mechanism. The adjusting rod is inserted on the base plate, and the first locking mechanism and the distance adjusting mechanism are both arranged on the base plate. By rotating the adjusting rod, the first locking mechanism can be driven first to realize the locking and fixation of the steel arch frame in the lower rail groove, and then the distance adjusting mechanism can be driven to realize the adjustment of the distance between the measuring end of the laser rangefinder and the wall at the corresponding monitoring point.

[0013] As a further improvement of the above scheme, the first locking mechanism includes a rotating disk sleeved and fixed on the outside of the adjusting rod, the top of the bottom plate is relatively provided with two first limiting grooves extending radially along the rotating disk, and the bottom of the rotating disk is relatively provided with two second limiting grooves extending centripetally curved, and limiting rods parallel to the axial direction of the adjusting rod are slidably clamped in the two first limiting grooves, and the tops of the two limiting rods are respectively slidably clamped in the two second limiting grooves;

[0014] A first connecting rod extending radially along the turntable is vertically fixed to the centrifugal side of the outer wall of the limit rod, a side plate is fixed to one end of the first connecting rod, a first clamping rod is fixed to one side of the side plate, a first through hole for the first clamping rod to pass through is formed on the lower rail seat, and a first clamping hole matching the first clamping rod is formed on the side wall of the steel arch frame.

[0015] As a further improvement of the above scheme, two first cylinders parallel to the adjusting rods are relatively fixed on the top of the base plate, the top of the first cylinder is connected to the bottom of the carrier plate through a first telescopic rod, and the outer wall of the first cylinder is provided with a through hole for the corresponding first connecting rod to vertically pass through.

[0016] As a further improvement of the above solution, the distance adjustment mechanism includes a second cylinder coaxially rotatably inserted inside the top end of the adjustment rod, a second connecting rod is threadedly inserted into the top of the second cylinder, and the top of the second connecting rod is connected to the center of the bottom of the carrier plate;

[0017] The inner side wall of the adjusting rod is provided with a first groove along the circumferential direction, and the outer wall of the second cylinder is provided with a first protrusion which is slidably engaged with the first groove.

[0018] The bottom of the turntable is provided with two third limiting grooves opposite to each other along the circumferential direction, and one end of the two third limiting grooves is respectively connected to the centrifugal ends of the two second limiting grooves;

[0019] Wherein, when the first clamping rod is located outside the first through hole and the adjusting rod is not rotated, the two ends of the limiting rod are respectively located at the centripetal ends of the first limiting groove and the second limiting groove, and the first protrusion is located at one end of the first groove;

[0020] When the adjusting rod is rotated to make the first clamping rod completely clamped into the first clamping hole, the two ends of the limiting rod are respectively located at the eccentric ends of the first limiting groove and the second limiting groove; the first protrusion is located at the other end of the first groove;

[0021] When the adjusting rod continues to be rotated, the groove wall at the other end of the first groove drives the second cylinder to rotate by contacting and pressing the first protrusion, so that the second cylinder and the second connecting rod interact with each other by threading to adjust the distance of the laser rangefinder. During this period, the top end of the limit rod moves from the centrifugal end of the second limit groove to the end of the third limit groove away from the second limit groove.

[0022] As a further improvement of the above scheme, a rod slot is provided at the top of the lower rail seat near the bottom plate, a third connecting rod parallel to the adjusting rod is inserted in the rod slot, a pressure plate which contacts and presses with the top of the steel arch is provided on the top of the third connecting rod, a clamping block is provided on the outer wall of the third connecting rod near the bottom, a connecting rod slot and a clamping slot for the clamping block are provided in the lower rail seat, a second locking mechanism is provided in the third connecting rod, and the second locking mechanism is driven by the movement of the side plate away from the turntable to realize the locking and fixation of the clamping block in the clamping slot.

[0023] As a further improvement of the above solution, the second locking mechanism includes a second clamping rod fixed on the side plate and parallel to the first clamping rod, a second through hole for the second clamping rod to pass through is opened on the outer wall of the third connecting rod, and a second clamping hole matching with the second clamping rod is opened on the outer wall of the steel arch frame;

[0024] The length of the second clamping rod is greater than that of the first clamping rod, and when the second clamping rod passes through the second through hole, the first clamping rod moves to the opening of the first through hole;

[0025] When the second clamping rod is completely clamped into the second clamping hole, the first clamping rod is completely clamped into the first clamping hole.

[0026] As a further improvement of the above solution, a movable rod is coaxially inserted into the third connecting rod, an inclined hole is provided on the movable rod for the second clamping rod to pass through and is slidably pressed and matched with the second clamping rod, a third clamping hole is provided inside the lower rail seat to connect to the bottom of the rod slot, and the bottom of the movable rod is clamped and matched with the third clamping hole;

[0027] A spring is arranged between the top of the movable rod and the inner wall of the third connecting rod. When the second clamping rod passes through the inclined hole, the movable rod is forced to move axially downward to be clamped into the third clamping hole. A third through hole is opened on the outer wall of the movable rod near the bottom for the first clamping rod to pass through.

[0028] As a further improvement of the above scheme, a third cylinder is rotatably inserted at the bottom of the inner side of the third connecting rod, and the third cylinder is sleeved on the outer side of the movable rod. A second spiral groove is axially opened on the inner wall of the third cylinder, and a second protrusion that is slidably engaged with the second groove is provided on the outer wall of the movable rod.

[0029] The first bevel gear is sleeved and fixed on the outer side of the third cylinder, the fourth cylinder is radially rotatably inserted on the wall of the third connecting rod, the centripetal end of the fourth cylinder is provided with a second bevel gear matching with the first bevel gear, the centrifugal end of the fourth cylinder is threadedly inserted with a fourth clamping rod, the outer side of the fourth clamping rod is sleeved and fixed with a fixing plate, a second telescopic rod is provided between the fixing plate and the inner wall of the clamping block, and the inner wall of the lower rail seat is provided with a fourth clamping hole that is clamped and matched with the fourth clamping rod.

[0030] The present invention also provides a method for using the tunnel initial support collapse warning system applied to the above system, comprising the following steps:

[0031] S1. Equipment assembly: multiple laser rangefinders are arranged between every two adjacent steel arches along the bending direction of the steel arch span. Each laser rangefinder is installed and fixed using a positioning device, and the distance between the laser rangefinder and the wall at the monitoring point is adjusted;

[0032] S2. Monitoring and early warning. Each laser rangefinder monitors the sinking deformation of the wall at the corresponding monitoring point at all times. The central control device determines whether the sinking deformation of the wall at each monitoring point is greater than a predetermined threshold. If so, the alarm device at each monitoring point is controlled to send out an alarm signal.

[0033] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0034] 1. The tunnel initial support collapse early warning system of the present invention can conveniently and efficiently complete the installation and positioning of the laser rangefinder on the steel arch frame and the adjustment of the distance between the ranging end of the laser rangefinder and the wall at the monitoring point through the central control equipment, alarm equipment, laser rangefinder and positioning device, and has high operating efficiency.

[0035] 2. The tunnel initial support collapse warning system of the present invention, through the coordinated use of the positioning device and the action device, only needs to rotate the adjusting rod to first realize the locking and fixation of the lower rail seat on the steel arch frame, and then realize the locking of the pressure plate and the third connecting rod on the lower rail seat. In this way, a stable whole can be formed between the lower rail seat, the pressure plate, the bottom plate and the steel arch frame to complete the installation and fixation of the laser rangefinder on the steel arch frame. Then, continue to rotate the adjusting rod to adjust the distance between the ranging end of the laser rangefinder and the wall at the monitoring point to a predetermined initial distance, which is convenient and efficient.

[0036] 3. The method for using the tunnel initial support collapse warning system of the present invention can efficiently and conveniently realize the installation and positioning of the laser rangefinder on the steel arch frame and the adjustment of the predetermined distance measurement. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the laser rangefinder provided by the system in Example 1 of the present invention after being assembled and adjusted on a steel arch frame;

[0038] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the local cross-section structure in;

[0039] Figure 3 for Figure 2 The enlarged structural diagram at A in the middle;

[0040] Figure 4 for Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the partial cross-section structure of the middle and lower rail seat from the side;

[0041] Figure 5 for Figure 4 The enlarged structural diagram at B in the middle;

[0042] Figure 6 for Figure 2 The enlarged structural diagram at C in the middle;

[0043] Figure 7 for Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of the central turntable when viewed from above;

[0044] Figure 8 for Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the main cross-sectional structure of the middle adjustment rod;

[0045] Fig. 9 for Figure 8A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the middle adjustment rod and the second cylinder from a top view;

[0046] Fig.10 A flowchart provided for the method of Example 2 of the present invention.

[0047] Description of main symbols:

[0048] 1. Steel arch frame; 2. Bottom plate; 3. Carrier plate; 4. Laser rangefinder; 5. Lower rail seat; 6. Lower rail groove; 7. Side plate; 8. First clamping rod; 9. First clamping hole; 10. Adjusting rod; 11. Turntable; 12. First limiting groove; 13. Second limiting groove; 131. Third limiting groove; 14. Limiting rod; 15. First connecting rod; 16. First cylinder; 17. First telescopic rod; 18. Second cylinder; 19. Second connecting rod; 20. First groove; 21. First convex block; 22. Press plate; 2 3. third connecting rod; 24. clamping block; 25. rod slot; 26. clamping slot; 27. first through hole; 28. second through hole; 29. ​​second clamping rod; 30. second clamping hole; 31. movable rod; 32. inclined hole; 33. third cylinder; 34. second groove; 35. second protrusion; 36. third clamping hole; 37. third through hole; 38. first bevel gear; 39. fourth cylinder; 40. second bevel gear; 41. fourth clamping rod; 42. fixing plate; 43. second telescopic rod; 44. fourth clamping hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods. It should be noted that, under the premise of no conflict, the various embodiments or technical features described below can be arbitrarily combined to form a new embodiment.

[0050] Example 1

[0051] Please combine Figures 1 to 9 The tunnel initial support collapse early warning system includes a central control device, an alarm device, and a laser rangefinder 4 arranged along the span bending direction of the steel arch frame 1.

[0052] The laser rangefinder 4 is used to monitor the sinking deformation of the wall at the corresponding monitoring point at all times. The central control device is used to determine whether the sinking deformation of the wall at the monitoring point is greater than a predetermined threshold. If greater, the alarm device is controlled to send an alarm signal to prompt the operator to evacuate immediately.

[0053] The alarm device in this embodiment may be a buzzer installed on the steel arch 1. The predetermined threshold may be 5 cm. When the sinking deformation of one of the monitoring points exceeds 5 cm, it indicates that the initial support of the tunnel may collapse.

[0054] The laser rangefinder 4 is installed between two adjacent steel arch frames 1 through a positioning device, and the positioning device includes a base plate 2, and lower rail seats 5 are arranged on both sides of the base plate 2. Lower rail grooves 6 are opened on the tops of the two lower rail seats 5, and the two lower rail grooves 6 are respectively inserted into the inner sides of the two adjacent steel arch frames 1.

[0055] The top of the bottom plate 2 supports a carrier plate 3 , on which a laser rangefinder 4 is mounted. The top of the carrier plate 3 has a mounting groove for the housing of the laser rangefinder 4 to be clamped.

[0056] An actuating device is provided on the bottom plate 2, and the actuating device is used to successively realize the locking and fixing of the steel arch frame 1 in the lower rail groove 6 and adjust the distance between the laser rangefinder 4 and the wall at the corresponding monitoring point.

[0057] The action device includes an adjusting rod 10, a first locking mechanism and a distance adjusting mechanism. The adjusting rod 10 is inserted on the base plate 2. The first locking mechanism and the distance adjusting mechanism are both arranged on the base plate 2. By rotating the adjusting rod 10, the first locking mechanism can be driven first to realize the locking and fixation of the steel arch frame 1 in the lower rail groove 6, and then the distance adjusting mechanism can be driven to realize the adjustment of the distance between the measuring end of the laser rangefinder 4 and the wall at the corresponding monitoring point.

[0058] The first locking mechanism includes a turntable 11 which is sleeved and fixed on the outside of the adjusting rod 10, and two first limit grooves 12 extending radially along the turntable 11 are relatively formed on the top of the bottom plate 2, and two second limit grooves 13 extending centripetally and bendingly are relatively formed on the bottom of the turntable 11. Limit rods 14 parallel to the axial direction of the adjusting rod 10 are slidably clamped in the two first limit grooves 12, and the tops of the two limit rods 14 are respectively slidably clamped in the two second limit grooves 13.

[0059] A first connecting rod 15 extending radially along the turntable 11 is vertically fixed to the centrifugal side of the outer wall of the limiting rod 14, a side plate 7 is fixed to one end of the first connecting rod 15, a first clamping rod 8 is fixed to one side of the side plate 7, a first through hole 27 for the first clamping rod 8 to pass through is opened on the lower rail seat 5, and a first clamping hole 9 matching the first clamping rod 8 is opened on the side wall of the steel arch frame 1.

[0060] Two first cylinders 16 parallel to the adjusting rod 10 are relatively fixed on the top of the bottom plate 2. The top of the first cylinder 16 is connected to the bottom of the carrier plate 3 through a first telescopic rod 17. The outer wall of the first cylinder 16 is provided with a through hole for the corresponding first connecting rod 15 to vertically penetrate.

[0061] The distance adjustment mechanism includes a second cylinder 18 coaxially rotatably inserted inside the top of the adjustment rod 10 , a second connecting rod 19 is threadedly inserted on the top of the second cylinder 18 , and the top of the second connecting rod 19 is connected to the bottom center of the carrier plate 3 .

[0062] A first groove 20 is formed on the inner wall of the adjusting rod 10 along the circumferential direction, and a first protrusion 21 is provided on the outer wall of the second cylinder 18 to slide and engage with the first groove 20.

[0063] Two third limiting grooves 131 are formed opposite to each other along the circumferential direction at the bottom of the rotating disk 11 , and one end of the two third limiting grooves 131 is connected to the centrifugal ends of the two second limiting grooves 13 respectively.

[0064] When the first clamping rod 8 is located outside the first through hole 27 and the adjusting rod 10 is not rotated, both ends of the limiting rod 14 are respectively located at the centripetal ends of the first limiting groove 12 and the second limiting groove 13 , and the first protrusion 21 is located at one end of the first groove 20 .

[0065] When the adjusting rod 10 is rotated to completely lock the first locking rod 8 into the first locking hole 9 , the two ends of the limiting rod 14 are respectively located at the eccentric ends of the first limiting groove 12 and the second limiting groove 13 . The first protrusion 21 is located at the other end of the first groove 20 .

[0066] When the adjusting rod 10 continues to be rotated, the groove wall at the other end of the first groove 20 drives the second cylinder 18 to rotate by contacting and pressing the first protrusion 21, so that the second cylinder 18 and the second connecting rod 19 interact with each other by threads to adjust the distance of the laser rangefinder 4. During this period, the top end of the limiting rod 14 moves from the centrifugal end of the second limiting groove 13 to the end of the third limiting groove 131 away from the second limiting groove 13.

[0067] A rod slot 25 is provided at the top of the lower rail seat 5 near the bottom plate 2, and a third connecting rod 23 parallel to the adjusting rod 10 is inserted in the rod slot 25. A pressure plate 22 that contacts and presses with the top of the steel arch frame 1 is provided on the top of the third connecting rod 23. A clamping block 24 is provided on the outer wall of the third connecting rod 23 near the bottom. A connecting rod slot 25 and a clamping slot 26 for the clamping block 24 to be clamped are provided in the lower rail seat 5. A second locking mechanism is provided in the third connecting rod 23. The second locking mechanism is driven by the movement of the side plate 7 away from the turntable 11, so as to realize the locking and fixation of the clamping block 24 in the clamping slot 26.

[0068] The second locking mechanism includes a second clamping rod 29 fixed on the side plate 7 and parallel to the first clamping rod 8, a second through hole 28 for the second clamping rod 29 to pass through is opened on the outer wall of the third connecting rod 23, and a second clamping hole 30 matching with the second clamping rod 29 is opened on the outer wall of the steel arch frame 1.

[0069] The length of the second clamping rod 29 is greater than that of the first clamping rod 8 . When the second clamping rod 29 passes through the second through hole 28 , the first clamping rod 8 moves to the opening of the first through hole 27 .

[0070] When the second clamping rod 29 is completely clamped into the second clamping hole 30 , the first clamping rod 8 is completely clamped into the first clamping hole 9 .

[0071] A movable rod 31 is coaxially inserted in the third connecting rod 23, and an inclined hole 32 is provided on the movable rod 31 for the second clamping rod 29 to pass through and is slidably pressed with the second clamping rod 29. A third clamping hole 36 connected to the bottom of the connecting rod slot 25 is provided inside the lower rail seat 5, and the bottom of the movable rod 31 is clamped and fitted with the third clamping hole 36.

[0072] A spring is arranged between the top of the movable rod 31 and the inner wall of the third connecting rod 23. When the second clamping rod 29 passes through the inclined hole 32, the movable rod 31 is forced to move axially downward to be clamped into the third clamping hole 36. A third through hole 37 is opened on the outer wall of the movable rod 31 near the bottom for the first clamping rod 8 to pass through.

[0073] A third cylinder 33 is rotatably inserted at the bottom of the inner side of the third connecting rod 23, and the third cylinder 33 is sleeved on the outer side of the movable rod 31. A second spiral groove 34 is axially opened on the inner wall of the third cylinder 33, and a second protrusion 35 is provided on the outer wall of the movable rod 31 to slide and engage with the second groove 34.

[0074] A first bevel gear 38 is sleeved and fixed on the outer side of the third cylinder 33, a fourth cylinder 39 is radially rotatably inserted on the rod wall of the third connecting rod 23, a second bevel gear 40 matching with the first bevel gear 38 is provided at the centripetal end of the fourth cylinder 39, a fourth clamping rod 41 is threadedly inserted at the centrifugal end of the fourth cylinder 39, a fixing plate 42 is sleeved and fixed on the outer side of the fourth clamping rod 41, a second telescopic rod 43 is provided between the fixing plate 42 and the inner wall of the clamping block 24, and a fourth clamping hole 44 which is clamped and matched with the fourth clamping rod 41 is opened on the inner wall of the lower rail seat 5.

[0075] The working principle of this embodiment:

[0076] When assembling each laser rangefinder 4, the lower rail grooves 6 of the lower rail seats 5 on both sides of the base plate 2 are connected to the inner sides of two adjacent steel arch frames 1, and then the bottom of the third connecting rod 23 and the clamping block 24 are respectively inserted into the rod slot 25 and the clamping slot 26, which will cause the pressure plate 22 to touch the outer side of the steel arch frame 1, so that the base plate 2 is preliminarily installed between the steel arch frames 1.

[0077] Then, the laser rangefinder 4 is placed into the mounting groove of the carrier plate 3, and the turntable 11 is driven to rotate by the adjusting rod 10, so that the groove wall of the second limit groove 13 rubs and squeezes the limit rod 14, and under the common limiting action of the first limit groove 12, the limit rod 14 drives the corresponding first connecting rod 15 and the side plate 7 to move in the direction away from the turntable 11. During this period, since the length of the second clamping rod 29 is greater than the length of the first clamping rod 8, the second clamping rod 29 will first pass through the third connecting rod 23 through the second through hole 28, and when passing through, the second clamping rod 29 will contact the inclined hole 32, forcing the movable rod 31 to move axially downward (spring stretching deformation) and clamped into the third clamping hole 36 (which will make the third through hole 37 just move into the first through hole 27), so as to realize the locking and fixation of the third connecting rod 23 and the lower rail seat 5. In addition, the downward movement of the movable rod 31 will also cause the second protrusion 35 on its outer wall to continuously rub and squeeze the second groove 34 which is axially spiral, forcing the third cylinder 33 to rotate, and the third cylinder 33 drives the fourth cylinder 39 to rotate through the first bevel gear 38 and the second bevel gear 40, so that the fourth cylinder 39 and the fourth clamping rod 41 interact with each other in a threaded manner, and under the limiting action of the second telescopic rod 43, the fourth clamping rod 41 axially extends out of the fourth cylinder 39, so that the fourth clamping rod 41 is clamped into the fourth clamping hole 44, thereby realizing the locking of the clamping block 24 in the clamping groove 26, and realizing the further locking of the third connecting rod 23 on the lower rail seat 5.

[0078] When the second clamping rod 29 just passes through the second through hole 28, the first clamping rod 8 is located at the opening of the first through hole 27. As the side plate 7 continues to move, the first clamping rod 8 passes through the first through hole 27 and the third through hole 37, so that the bottom of the movable rod 31 is locked and fixed in the third clamping hole 36, thereby further locking the third connecting rod 23 on the lower rail seat 5.

[0079] As the side panel 7 continues to move further, the first clamping rod 8 will be completely inserted into the first clamping hole 9, and at the same time, the second clamping rod 29 will be completely inserted into the second clamping hole 30, thereby completing the installation and fixation of the base plate 2 on the steel arch frame 1. In this process, the rotation of the adjusting rod 10 will cause the first protrusion 21 to be transferred from one end of the groove wall of the first groove 20 to the other end, and the top end of the limiting rod 14 is located at the intersection of the second limiting groove 13 and the third limiting groove 131.

[0080] At this time, continue to rotate the adjusting rod 10, and the adjusting rod 10 will rotate synchronously through the groove wall at the other end of the first groove 20 through the first protrusion 21 and the second cylinder 18, so that the second cylinder 18 and the second connecting rod 19 interact with each other in a threaded manner, and under the limiting action of the first telescopic rod 17, drive the carrier plate 3 and the laser rangefinder 4 to move toward the wall, so as to adjust the distance between the laser rangefinder 4 and the wall at the corresponding monitoring point, which is convenient for subsequent use.

[0081] Example 2

[0082] Please combine Fig.10 The present invention also provides a method for using the tunnel initial support collapse warning system applied to the system of Example 1, comprising the following steps:

[0083] S1. Equipment assembly: multiple laser rangefinders 4 are arranged between every two adjacent steel arch frames 1 along the bending direction of the span of the steel arch frames 1. Each laser rangefinder 4 is installed and fixed using a positioning device, and the distance between the laser rangefinder 4 and the wall at the monitoring point is adjusted.

[0084] S2, monitoring and early warning, each laser rangefinder 4 constantly monitors the sinking deformation of the wall at the corresponding monitoring point. The central control device determines whether the sinking deformation of the wall at each monitoring point is greater than a predetermined threshold. If greater, it controls the alarm device at each monitoring point to send an alarm signal.

[0085] The above-mentioned embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and cannot be used to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any non-substantial changes and substitutions made by technicians in this field on the basis of the present invention shall fall within the scope of protection required by the present invention.

Claims

1. The tunnel initial support collapse early warning system is characterized by: It includes central control equipment, alarm equipment and laser rangefinders arranged along the span bending direction of the steel arch frame; The laser rangefinder is used to monitor the sinking deformation of the wall at the corresponding monitoring point at all times; the central control device is used to determine whether the sinking deformation of the wall at the monitoring point is greater than a predetermined threshold value, and if so, control the alarm device to send out an alarm signal; The laser rangefinder is installed between two adjacent steel arch frames through a positioning device, and the positioning device includes a bottom plate, lower rail seats are arranged on both sides of the bottom plate, and lower rail grooves are opened on the tops of the two lower rail seats, and the two lower rail grooves are respectively inserted into the inner sides of the two adjacent steel arch frames; The top of the bottom plate supports a carrier plate, and the laser rangefinder is mounted on the top of the carrier plate. An action device is arranged on the bottom plate, and the action device is used to realize the locking and fixing of the steel arch frame in the lower rail groove and the adjustment of the distance between the laser rangefinder and the wall at the corresponding monitoring point in sequence.

2. The tunnel initial support collapse early warning system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The action device includes an adjusting rod, a first locking mechanism and a distance adjusting mechanism. The adjusting rod is inserted on the base plate, and the first locking mechanism and the distance adjusting mechanism are both arranged on the base plate. By rotating the adjusting rod, the first locking mechanism can be driven first to realize the locking and fixing of the steel arch frame in the lower rail groove, and then the distance adjusting mechanism can be driven to realize the adjustment of the distance between the measuring end of the laser rangefinder and the wall at the corresponding monitoring point.

3. The tunnel initial support collapse early warning system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first locking mechanism comprises a rotating disk sleeved and fixed on the outside of the adjusting rod, two first limiting grooves extending radially along the rotating disk are relatively formed on the top of the bottom plate, and two second limiting grooves extending centripetally curved are relatively formed on the bottom of the rotating disk, and limiting rods parallel to the axial direction of the adjusting rod are slidably clamped in the two first limiting grooves, and the tops of the two limiting rods are respectively slidably clamped in the two second limiting grooves; A first connecting rod extending radially along the turntable is vertically fixed to the centrifugal side of the outer wall of the limit rod, a side plate is fixed to one end of the first connecting rod, a first clamping rod is fixed to one side of the side plate, a first through hole for the first clamping rod to pass through is formed on the lower rail seat, and a first clamping hole matching the first clamping rod is formed on the side wall of the steel arch frame.

4. The tunnel initial support collapse early warning system according to claim 3, characterized in that: Two first cylinders parallel to the adjusting rods are relatively fixed on the top of the bottom plate, the tops of the first cylinders are connected to the bottom of the carrier plate through first telescopic rods, and through holes for the corresponding first connecting rods to vertically penetrate are opened on the outer walls of the first cylinders.

5. The tunnel initial support collapse early warning system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The distance adjustment mechanism comprises a second cylinder coaxially rotatably inserted inside the top end of the adjustment rod, a second connecting rod is threadedly inserted into the top end of the second cylinder, and the top end of the second connecting rod is connected to the center of the bottom end of the carrier plate; The inner side wall of the adjusting rod is provided with a first groove along the circumferential direction, and the outer wall of the second cylinder is provided with a first protrusion which is slidably engaged with the first groove. The bottom of the turntable is provided with two third limiting grooves opposite to each other along the circumferential direction, and one end of the two third limiting grooves is respectively connected to the centrifugal ends of the two second limiting grooves; Wherein, when the first clamping rod is located outside the first through hole and the adjusting rod is not rotated, the two ends of the limiting rod are respectively located at the centripetal ends of the first limiting groove and the second limiting groove, and the first protrusion is located at one end of the first groove; When the adjusting rod is rotated to make the first clamping rod completely clamped into the first clamping hole, the two ends of the limiting rod are respectively located at the eccentric ends of the first limiting groove and the second limiting groove; the first protrusion is located at the other end of the first groove; When the adjusting rod continues to be rotated, the groove wall at the other end of the first groove drives the second cylinder to rotate by contacting and pressing the first protrusion, so that the second cylinder and the second connecting rod interact with each other by threading to adjust the distance of the laser rangefinder. During this period, the top end of the limit rod moves from the centrifugal end of the second limit groove to the end of the third limit groove away from the second limit groove.

6. The tunnel initial support collapse early warning system according to claim 5, characterized in that: A rod slot is provided at the top of the lower rail seat near the bottom plate, a third connecting rod parallel to the adjusting rod is inserted in the rod slot, a pressure plate which contacts and presses with the top of the steel arch is provided on the top of the third connecting rod, a clamping block is provided on the outer wall of the third connecting rod near the bottom, a connecting rod slot and a clamping slot for the clamping block are provided in the lower rail seat, a second locking mechanism is provided in the third connecting rod, and the second locking mechanism is driven by the movement of the side plate away from the turntable to realize the locking and fixation of the clamping block in the clamping slot.

7. The tunnel initial support collapse early warning system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The second locking mechanism comprises a second clamping rod fixed on the side plate and parallel to the first clamping rod, a second through hole for the second clamping rod to pass through is formed on the outer wall of the third connecting rod, and a second clamping hole matching with the second clamping rod is formed on the outer wall of the steel arch frame; The length of the second clamping rod is greater than that of the first clamping rod, and when the second clamping rod passes through the second through hole, the first clamping rod moves to the opening of the first through hole; When the second clamping rod is completely clamped into the second clamping hole, the first clamping rod is completely clamped into the first clamping hole.

8. The tunnel initial support collapse early warning system according to claim 7, characterized in that: A movable rod is coaxially inserted into the third connecting rod, and an inclined hole is provided on the movable rod for the second clamping rod to pass through and is slidably pressed and matched with the second clamping rod. A third clamping hole is provided inside the lower rail seat to connect to the bottom of the rod slot, and the bottom of the movable rod is clamped and matched with the third clamping hole. A spring is arranged between the top of the movable rod and the inner wall of the third connecting rod. When the second clamping rod passes through the inclined hole, the movable rod is forced to move axially downward to be clamped into the third clamping hole. A third through hole is opened on the outer wall of the movable rod near the bottom for the first clamping rod to pass through.

9. The tunnel initial support collapse early warning system according to claim 8, characterized in that: A third cylinder is rotatably inserted at the bottom of the inner side of the third connecting rod, and the third cylinder is sleeved on the outer side of the movable rod. A second spiral groove is axially opened on the inner wall of the third cylinder, and a second protrusion is provided on the outer wall of the movable rod to slide and engage with the second groove. The first bevel gear is sleeved and fixed on the outer side of the third cylinder, the fourth cylinder is radially rotatably inserted on the wall of the third connecting rod, the centripetal end of the fourth cylinder is provided with a second bevel gear matching with the first bevel gear, the centrifugal end of the fourth cylinder is threadedly inserted with a fourth clamping rod, the outer side of the fourth clamping rod is sleeved and fixed with a fixing plate, a second telescopic rod is provided between the fixing plate and the inner wall of the clamping block, and the inner wall of the lower rail seat is provided with a fourth clamping hole that is clamped and matched with the fourth clamping rod.

10. A method for using the tunnel initial support collapse warning system applied to the system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The steps include: S1. Equipment assembly: multiple laser rangefinders are arranged between every two adjacent steel arches along the bending direction of the steel arch span. Each laser rangefinder is installed and fixed using a positioning device, and the distance between the laser rangefinder and the wall at the monitoring point is adjusted; S2. Monitoring and early warning. Each laser rangefinder monitors the sinking deformation of the wall at the corresponding monitoring point at all times. The central control device determines whether the sinking deformation of the wall at each monitoring point is greater than a predetermined threshold. If so, the alarm device at each monitoring point is controlled to send out an alarm signal.

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