Bionic directional reinforced lubrication differential mechanism for new energy heavy-duty vehicle and optimization method

Abstract

The invention discloses a bionic directional reinforced lubrication differential mechanism for a new energy heavy-duty vehicle and an optimization method, and belongs to the technical field of mechanical design. Comprising a differential main body, a shield enveloping the outer side of the differential main body and a vortex generator on the inner surface of the shield, and an optimal configuration scheme of the shield and the vortex generator is sought based on a dynamic grid reconstruction calculation method of a Fluent finite volume method. Flow field data calculated by a differential mechanism is extracted and given to a local calculation model, characteristic parameters of a vortex generator are quantized, the mathematical relationship between the characteristic parameters of the vortex generator and flow torque is optimized based on BP neural network fitting test data and particle swarm optimization by means of the local calculation model, and the flow torque of the vortex generator is calculated. And the structure configuration of the maximum flow and the minimum resistance moment is realized. Oil outside the closed differential mechanism can be radially conveyed into the differential mechanism in an inverse centrifugal gradient mode, optimization design of shield configuration can be efficiently completed, and lubrication strengthening of the differential mechanism is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of mechanical design, and in particular relates to a bionic directional enhanced lubrication differential for a new energy heavy-duty vehicle and an optimization method thereof. Background Art

[0002] The differential is a key component in the automotive transmission system and is widely used in traditional fuel vehicles and new energy vehicles, especially in new energy heavy-duty vehicles, where its role is more prominent. Due to long-term high-torque and high-load conditions, the differential needs to balance the speed difference between the wheels on both sides under complex conditions such as vehicle turning, climbing, and slippery roads. This function can not only effectively reduce unnecessary wear of tires and extend tire service life, but also significantly improve driving smoothness, vehicle controllability and safety. However, due to its closed and complex structural design, the differential makes it difficult to achieve efficient and real-time supply of internal lubricating oil, especially under high temperature or heavy load conditions. This insufficient oil supply may cause excessive wear of gears and bearings, lubrication failure, and even early damage to components, seriously affecting the life of the differential and the reliability of the vehicle.

[0003] At present, the strengthening measures and optimization designs for the differential lubrication and oil supply problem are still in the development stage. Although some studies have tried to alleviate this problem by improving the differential housing structure, optimizing the lubricating oil passage, and improving the performance of oil products, the effects of these methods in the high-stress environment of new energy heavy-duty vehicles are still not ideal. Therefore, the development of efficient lubrication supply technology, the research of special lubricating materials suitable for high-load conditions, and the exploration of intelligent differential health monitoring and maintenance solutions have become current research hotspots and technical research directions. These improvements can not only improve the durability and operating stability of the differential, but also have important significance for the optimization of the overall performance of new energy heavy-duty vehicles. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a bionic directional enhanced lubrication differential and optimization method for new energy heavy-duty vehicles. By applying a high-precision turbulence processing method in the dynamic grid reconstruction process and performing multi-objective optimization of the structural characteristic dimensions, the directional oil supply enhancement under high load of the differential for new energy heavy-duty vehicles is achieved.

[0005] According to one aspect of the present invention, a bionic directional enhanced lubrication differential for new energy heavy-duty vehicles is provided, comprising: a differential body, a shield enveloping the outside of the differential body, and a vortex generator on the inner surface of the shield; wherein a through hole is provided on the outer shell of the differential body, and the through hole is used to connect the inner and outer oil pools of the differential; the shield surrounds and envelops the outside of the differential at an angle of 210°, and there is a gap between the shield and the differential, and an arc-shaped oil baffle is provided at the end of the shield protruding radially inwardly along the differential; the vortex generator is a convex structure, which is evenly spaced on the inner side of the shield, and is used to generate a vortex effect when the lubricating oil flows through, thereby enhancing the lubrication effect; a microchannel structure is also provided on the surface of the convex structure, and the microchannel structure is in the form of prismatic grooves arranged at equal intervals, and is distributed on the vortex generator along the flow direction.

[0006] Optionally, the number of through holes on the differential main body housing is 4, which are equidistantly distributed around the circumference.

[0007] Optionally, the number of the vortex generators is 7, which are evenly spaced and distributed inside the shield.

[0008] Optionally, the vortex generator includes a triangular protrusion, an arc-shaped protrusion, or a trapezoidal protrusion.

[0009] Optionally, a gap between the shield and the differential body is 5 mm.

[0010] According to another aspect of the present invention, a method for optimizing a bionic directional enhanced lubrication differential for a new energy heavy-duty vehicle is provided, which is applied to the bionic directional enhanced lubrication differential for a new energy heavy-duty vehicle as described above, and includes: establishing differential models with a variety of shield configurations, including no shield, a shield without a vortex generator, a shield including a vortex generator, and a shield including a vortex generator with a microchannel structure; establishing a simplified model of the differential based on a dynamic mesh reconstruction calculation method of the Fluent finite volume method, and realizing the rotational motion of the differential with the help of dynamic mesh reconstruction; building a corresponding monitoring surface on each through hole of the differential housing, giving the monitoring surface the same rotational motion as the differential, and maintaining the relative position of the monitoring surface and the through hole during the simulation process The real-time flow rate on the monitoring surface always remains unchanged, reflecting the real-time flow rate changes on the through holes of each differential housing model, and simultaneously monitoring the oil stirring resistance torque during the rotation of the entire differential housing; constructing a variety of vortex generator structures, including triangular vortex generators, arc-shaped vortex generators, trapezoidal vortex generators and corresponding vortex generators with microchannel structures; calculating the real-time flow rate changes of each through hole through CFD, calculating the average oil exchange volume of the internal and external oil pools of the differential under each structural model according to the real-time flow rate changes of each through hole, and selecting the scheme with the largest oil exchange volume as the optimal shield and vortex generator design scheme; extracting the flow field data in the optimal shield and vortex generator scheme, the flow field data including pressure distribution and velocity vector ; Based on the gap fluid domain between the differential housing and the shield, a local calculation model of the gap between the shield and the differential housing is constructed; the flow field data extracted from the original flow field data is assigned to the local calculation model; based on the local calculation model, the characteristic dimensions of the vortex generator structure are experimentally optimized and designed, and the characteristic structure of the vortex generator is used as the design variable, including the height, top length, and bottom angle of the vortex generator. Each characteristic structure takes 4 values ​​within the design range, and a total of 64 vortex generator structures are designed; the vortex generator is set directly below, in front of, and behind the housing through hole, respectively, to form three calculation models; based on the 64 vortex generator structures and the three calculation models, a total of 192 calculation models are set, using the basic The CFD numerical simulation method for pressure is used to select the velocity inlet, two pressure outlets and the rotating wall as the monitoring surface to monitor the flow rate on the shell through hole and the shear stress on the shell wall; the final stable flow rate of the shell through hole under the same vortex generator structure under three setting positions is extracted, and the average value is taken as the quantitative index of the vortex generator structure for directional enhanced lubrication; the final stable shear stress of the differential shell wall under the same vortex generator structure is taken, and the average value is taken as the quantitative index of the influence of the vortex generator structure on the oil stirring resistance; the BP neural network is used to fit the characteristic structures of 64 vortex generator structures and the corresponding quantitative indicators of flow rate and drag torque, and the mathematical proxy model between flow rate, drag torque and characteristic size of vortex generator structure is obtained;Based on the particle swarm algorithm, the multi-objective optimization of the characteristic structural parameters of the vortex generator is carried out to obtain the optimal vortex generator structure configuration scheme with maximum flow and minimum resistance torque. ;

[0011] Optionally, assigning the flow field data extracted from the original flow field data to the local calculation model includes: at the inlet of the local calculation model, applying the corresponding velocity vector in the original flow field data to the radial velocity distribution of the inlet in the form of a fitting function; applying the pressure distribution in the form of a fitting function to the tangential pressure distribution of the through hole at the corresponding position of the through hole; and applying the pressure distribution in the form of a fitting function to the radial pressure distribution of the outlet at the corresponding position of the outlet.

[0012] Beneficial effects of the present invention: The present invention is based on the coupling configuration of the shield and the vortex generator for regulating the oil flow near the wall of the differential, which can realize the radial delivery of the external oil of the differential to the inside of the differential against the centrifugal gradient, strengthen the lubrication of the internal parts, and improve the wear of the internal parts of the differential. Through the through holes on the differential body shell, the oil can flow freely between the inside of the differential and the external oil pool, ensuring that the inside of the differential can be fully lubricated. The vortex generator on the inner surface of the shield will produce a vortex effect, enhance the turbulence of the oil, and improve the lubrication effect of the lubricating oil. The microchannel structure on the surface of the vortex generator can achieve smaller flow resistance, reduce the flow loss in the flow field between the differential shell and the shield gap, so as to achieve a larger directional oil supply.

[0013] On the basis of the above structure, the present invention further proposes an optimization method to complete the optimal design of the shield configuration to maximize the lubrication performance. By adopting the dynamic grid reconstruction calculation method based on the Fluent finite volume method, a numerical calculation model of the oil stirring of the differential shield structure is built, and a local numerical calculation model based on flow field data is constructed, which can reduce the calculation cost and cycle, and more accurately reflect the flow field characteristics of the original model. The mathematical model construction based on the BP neural network and the optimization scheme based on the particle swarm algorithm can more accurately and quickly find the optimal vortex generator configuration scheme. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the drawings: Figure 1 It is a bionic directional enhanced lubrication differential for new energy heavy-duty vehicles, wherein (a) is a front view of the model, (b) is an axial cross-sectional view at the through hole 1.1 of the housing, (c) is an axonometric view of the model, and (d) is a partial enlarged view of the structure of the vortex generator 3; Figure 2is a local computational model, wherein (a) is an axonometric view of the local computational model, and (b) is a side view of the local computational model; Figure 3 It is a partial axonometric view of the microfluidic structure; In the figure, 1. differential body; 1.1. through hole; 2. shield; 3. vortex generator; 8. oil baffle; 4. velocity inlet; 5. first pressure outlet; 6. second pressure outlet; 7. rotating wall; 9. microchannel structure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0015] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only embodiments of a part of the present application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in the field without creative work should fall within the scope of protection of the present application. It should be noted that the embodiments in the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict.

[0016] Secondly, the term "one embodiment" or "embodiment" as used herein refers to a specific feature, structure, or characteristic that may be included in at least one implementation of the present invention. The term "in one embodiment" that appears in different places in this specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor does it refer to a separate or selective embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments.

[0017] The terms "comprises" and "having" and any variations thereof in the specification and claims of this application are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, a process, method, product or apparatus comprising a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or apparatuses.

[0018] Example 1: Example 1 of the present invention provides a bionic directional enhanced lubrication differential for new energy heavy-duty vehicles, which aims to achieve enhanced lubrication of the differential through an envelope shield on the outside of the differential and a vortex generator on the inner surface of the shield (a microchannel structure is also provided on the surface of the vortex generator).

[0019] like Figure 1 As shown, the differential structure includes: a differential body 1, a shield 2 enveloping the outside of the differential body 1, and a vortex generator 3 on the inner surface of the shield 2, wherein: Four through holes 1.1 are formed on the outer shell of the differential body 1. The through holes 1.1 are evenly spaced around the circumference of the differential shell. Through the through holes 1.1, the oil can flow freely between the inner and outer oil pools of the differential, ensuring that the internal components of the differential can be fully lubricated and the circulation and cooling of the lubricating oil can be achieved. The evenly spaced distribution of the through holes 1.1 helps the lubricating oil to flow evenly and stably between the inner and outer oil pools of the differential, thereby obtaining a more consistent lubrication effect.

[0020] The shield 2 is open and half-enclosed at an angle of 210° and wraps around the outside of the differential body 1. The starting position of the wrapping surface is set directly below the differential. Considering the circumferential oil inlet efficiency between the differential housing and the shield, the gap between the shield 2 and the differential body 1 is set to 5mm. This gap can ensure that the lubricating oil forms a stable oil film along the surface of the differential housing under the action of centrifugal force, while avoiding oil splash loss caused by excessive gap. Considering the pressure maintenance requirements of the target area for the directional lubrication enhancement of the differential, the shield 2 needs to wrap around the cylindrical surface of the differential housing and the gear pair position in the axial direction at the same time, such as Figure 1 As shown in (a) and (c) in the figure, the shield 2 adopts a segmented cylindrical shell design, including two sections of cylindrical shells, which are the cylindrical surface enveloping the differential housing and the cylindrical surface enveloping the gear pair respectively. In addition, an arc-shaped oil baffle 8 protrudes from the end of the shield radially inwardly along the differential.

[0021] The vortex generator 3 is a convex structure, such as Figure 1 As shown in (b), seven trapezoidal vortex generators 3 are distributed on the inner side of the shield 2 at an equal interval of 25°. When the lubricating oil flows through, the vortex generators 3 will generate a vortex effect, enhance the turbulence of the oil, increase the contact area and contact time between the lubricating oil and the differential components, and improve the distribution uniformity and lubrication effect of the lubricating oil.

[0022] In other embodiments, the vortex generator may also adopt other types of protrusion structures, such as triangular, arc-shaped, etc. The triangular protrusion has a sharp vertex angle and can generate a stronger vortex; the arc-shaped protrusion has a smoother flow and can reduce the resistance to the lubricating oil while generating the vortex; the trapezoidal protrusion can generate a pair of vortex structures with opposite phases, which helps to improve the mixing effect of the lubricating oil.

[0023] In addition, a microchannel structure 9 is provided on the surface of the vortex generator 3, such as Figure 3 As shown, the microchannel structure 9 is in the form of prismatic microchannels arranged at equal intervals, and is distributed on the vortex generator along the flow direction. The microchannel structure 9 can further change the flow state of the lubricating oil, so that the lubricating oil forms a more complex and effective flow pattern during the flow process, and enhances the turbulence effect of the vortex generator 3.

[0024] The embodiment of the present invention realizes efficient flow and heat dissipation of lubricating oil through the through holes on the differential, the envelope shield on the outside of the differential and the vortex generator on the inner surface of the shield, thereby improving the lubrication effect and working efficiency of the differential.

[0025] Embodiment 2: Embodiment 2 of the present invention provides a method for optimizing a bionic directional enhanced lubrication differential for a new energy heavy-duty vehicle, which aims to maximize the lubrication performance by further fine-tuning the structural parameters of the differential, especially the configuration of the vortex generator, based on the structure proposed in Embodiment 1. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps: S1, establishing differential models with various shroud configurations, including no shroud, shroud without vortex generators, shroud with vortex generators, and shroud with vortex generators with microchannel structures; In this step, four different guard configuration differential models are established, namely: a. Configuration scheme without shield; b. Shield configuration without vortex generator; c. Shield configuration including vortex generators; d. A shield configuration scheme including a vortex generator with a microchannel structure; Among them, the flow data in the a and b configuration schemes can verify the influence of the shield on the near-wall flow of the differential; the flow data in the b and c configuration schemes can verify the role of the vortex generator structure in radial transport regulation; the change in the oil stirring resistance torque in the c and d configuration schemes can verify the role of the microchannel structure in reducing the drag of the near-wall flow of the differential.

[0026] S2, based on the dynamic mesh reconstruction calculation method of Fluent finite volume method, a simplified model of the differential is established, and the rotational motion of the differential is realized with the help of dynamic mesh reconstruction; The simplified model of the differential means simplifying the differential housing into a single cylindrical housing, retaining the main reduction gear pair, closing the half-shaft holes at both ends of the differential housing, and opening a number of through holes 1.1 in the cylindrical part of the differential housing (the number of through holes is 4 in this example). In order to reduce the calculation cost, the internal parts of the differential are deleted, and the internal bosses, grooves and other structures used for matching are removed.

[0027] S3, build a corresponding monitoring surface on each through hole of the differential housing, 4 through holes correspond to 4 monitoring surfaces, give the monitoring surface the same rotational motion as the differential, keep the relative position of the monitoring surface and the through hole unchanged during the simulation process, reflect the real-time flow change on the through hole 1.1 of each differential housing model through the real-time flow of the monitoring surface, and simultaneously monitor the oil stirring resistance torque during the rotation of the entire differential housing; S4, constructing a variety of vortex generator structures, including triangular vortex generators, circular arc vortex generators, trapezoidal vortex generators and corresponding vortex generators with microchannel structures, a total of 6 types, namely triangular vortex generators, circular arc vortex generators, trapezoidal vortex generators, triangular vortex generators with microchannel structures, circular arc vortex generators with microchannel structures, and trapezoidal vortex generators with microchannel structures; It should be noted that under each vortex generator structure, the characteristic dimensions (such as length and height) of each vortex generator must remain consistent.

[0028] S5, using CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) to calculate the real-time flow change of each through hole, and calculate the average oil exchange volume of the inner and outer oil pools of the differential under each structural model according to the real-time flow change of each through hole, and select the solution with the largest oil exchange volume as the optimal shield and vortex generator design solution; S6, extracting flow field data in the optimal shield and vortex generator solution, wherein the flow field data includes pressure distribution and velocity vectors, especially pressure distribution and velocity vectors on the end surface where the shield envelope gap communicates with the external oil pool and on the four through holes; S7, based on the gap fluid domain between the differential housing and the shield, a local calculation model of the gap between the shield and the differential housing is constructed; like Figure 2 As shown, Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the local calculation model, i.e., the local gap fluid domain of the lubricating oil between the differential housing and the guard.

[0029] S8, assigning the flow field data extracted from the original flow field data to the local calculation model; The pressure, velocity and other data in the original flow field data are assigned to the inlet and outlet surfaces of the local calculation model, where 4 is the velocity inlet, 6 is the second pressure outlet, and the rotating wall surface 7 is set as a moving surface, rotating at the same speed from the velocity inlet 4 to the second pressure outlet 6 along the direction of geometric curvature to restore the original flow field characteristics. Specifically, at the inlet of the local calculation model, the corresponding velocity vector in the original flow field data is applied to the velocity distribution in the radial direction of the inlet in the form of a fitting function; at the corresponding position of the through hole, the pressure distribution is applied to the pressure distribution in the tangential direction of the through hole in the form of a fitting function; at the corresponding position of the outlet, the pressure distribution is applied to the pressure distribution in the radial direction of the outlet in the form of a fitting function.

[0030] S9, based on the local calculation model, experimental optimization design is performed on the characteristic dimensions of the vortex generator structure, and the characteristic structure of the vortex generator is used as a design variable. The design variables include the height, top length, and bottom angle of the vortex generator. Each characteristic structure takes 4 values ​​within the design range, and a total of 64 (4 lengths*4 heights*4 inclinations) vortex generator structures are designed; S10, respectively arranging the vortex generators directly below, in front of, and behind the through hole of the housing to form three calculation models; S11, based on the 64 vortex generator structures and the 3 calculation models, a total of 192 calculation models are set, and a pressure-based CFD numerical simulation method is adopted. The velocity inlet, two pressure outlets and the rotating wall are selected as monitoring surfaces to monitor the flow rate on the shell through hole (i.e., the volume flow rate on the first pressure outlet 5) and the shear stress of the shell wall (i.e., the rotating wall 7); S12, extracting the final stable flow rate of the housing through hole of the same vortex generator structure under three setting positions, and taking the average value as the quantitative index of the vortex generator structure for directional enhanced lubrication; S13, taking the final stable shear stress of the differential housing wall under the same vortex generator structure, and taking its average as a quantitative index of the effect of the vortex generator structure on the oil stirring resistance; S14, using BP neural network to fit the characteristic structures of 64 vortex generator structures and the corresponding quantitative indicators of flow rate and resistance torque, and obtain the mathematical proxy model between flow rate, resistance torque and characteristic size of vortex generator structure; The mathematical proxy model can be fitted using a fitting function in Matlab.

[0031] S15, based on the particle swarm algorithm, multi-objective optimization is performed on the characteristic structural parameters of the vortex generator to obtain the optimal vortex generator structure configuration scheme with maximum flow and minimum resistance torque.

[0032] Through the above steps, Example 2 of the present invention optimizes the structural parameters of the bionic directional enhanced lubrication differential for new energy heavy-duty vehicles, finds the optimal configuration of the shield and vortex generator, and improves the lubrication performance of the differential.

[0033] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A bionic directional enhanced lubrication differential for new energy heavy-duty vehicles, characterized in that: include: A differential body, a shield wrapped around the outside of the differential body, and a vortex generator on the inner surface of the shield; Wherein, a through hole is opened on the outer shell of the differential body, and the through hole is used to connect the inner and outer oil pools of the differential; The guard is wrapped around the outside of the differential at an angle of 210°, and there is a gap between the guard and the differential. An arc-shaped oil baffle is provided at the end of the guard protruding inwardly along the radial direction of the differential. The vortex generator is a protruding structure, which is evenly spaced and distributed inside the shield, and is used to generate a vortex effect when the lubricating oil flows through, thereby enhancing the lubrication effect; A microchannel structure is also provided on the surface of the protruding structure. The microchannel structure is in the form of prismatic grooves arranged at equal intervals and is distributed on the vortex generator along the flow direction.

2. The bionic directional enhanced lubrication differential for new energy heavy-duty vehicles according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The number of through holes on the differential main body housing is 4, and they are equidistantly distributed around the circumference.

3. The bionic directional enhanced lubrication differential for new energy heavy-duty vehicles according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The number of the vortex generators is 7, which are evenly distributed inside the shield.

4. The bionic directional enhanced lubrication differential for new energy heavy-duty vehicles according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The vortex generator includes a triangular protrusion, an arc-shaped protrusion, and a trapezoidal protrusion.

5. The bionic directional enhanced lubrication differential for new energy heavy-duty vehicles according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The gap between the shield and the differential body is 5 mm.

6. A method for optimizing a bionic directional enhanced lubrication differential for a new energy heavy-duty vehicle, characterized in that: The bionic directional enhanced lubrication differential for new energy heavy-duty vehicles as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5 comprises: Establish differential models with various shroud configurations, including no shroud, shroud without vortex generators, shroud with vortex generators, and shroud with vortex generators with microchannel structures; Based on the dynamic mesh reconstruction calculation method of Fluent finite volume method, a simplified model of the differential is established, and the rotational motion of the differential is realized with the help of dynamic mesh reconstruction; A corresponding monitoring surface is built on each through hole of the differential housing, and the monitoring surface is given the same rotational motion as the differential, so that the relative position of the monitoring surface and the through hole remains unchanged during the simulation process. The real-time flow rate of the monitoring surface is used to reflect the real-time flow rate changes on the through hole of each differential housing model, and the oil stirring resistance torque during the rotation of the entire differential housing is monitored at the same time; Constructing a variety of vortex generator structures, including triangular vortex generators, arc vortex generators, trapezoidal vortex generators, and corresponding vortex generators with microchannel structures; The real-time flow rate change of each through hole is calculated by CFD. The average oil exchange volume of the inner and outer oil pools of the differential under each structural model is calculated based on the real-time flow rate change of each through hole. The scheme with the largest oil exchange volume is selected as the optimal shield and vortex generator design scheme. Extracting flow field data in an optimal shield and vortex generator solution, the flow field data including pressure distribution and velocity vector; Based on the gap fluid domain between the differential housing and the shield, a local calculation model of the gap between the shield and the differential housing is constructed; Assigning the flow field data extracted from the original flow field data to the local calculation model; Based on the local calculation model, the characteristic dimensions of the vortex generator structure are experimentally optimized and designed, and the characteristic structure of the vortex generator is used as a design variable, including the height, top length, and bottom angle of the vortex generator. Each characteristic structure takes 4 values ​​within the design range, and a total of 64 vortex generator structures are designed; The vortex generators are respectively set directly below, in front of, and behind the through-hole of the shell to form three calculation models; Based on the 64 vortex generator structures and the 3 calculation models, a total of 192 calculation models are set up, and a pressure-based CFD numerical simulation method is adopted. The velocity inlet, two pressure outlets and the rotating wall are selected as monitoring surfaces to monitor the flow rate on the shell through hole and the shear stress on the shell wall; The final stable flow rate of the shell through hole of the same vortex generator structure under three setting positions is extracted, and the average value is taken as the quantitative index of the vortex generator structure for directional enhanced lubrication; The final stable shear stress of the differential case wall under the same vortex generator structure is taken, and its average value is taken as a quantitative index of the effect of the vortex generator structure on the oil stirring resistance; The BP neural network is used to fit the characteristic structures of 64 vortex generator structures and the corresponding quantitative indicators of flow rate and resistance torque, and the mathematical proxy model between flow rate, resistance torque and characteristic dimensions of vortex generator structure is obtained. Based on the particle swarm algorithm, multi-objective optimization of the characteristic structural parameters of the vortex generator is performed to obtain the optimal vortex generator structure configuration scheme with maximum flow and minimum resistance torque.

7. The optimization method for a bionic directional enhanced lubrication differential for a new energy heavy-duty vehicle according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The step of assigning the flow field data extracted from the original flow field data to the local calculation model comprises: At the inlet of the local calculation model, the corresponding velocity vector in the original flow field data is applied to the velocity distribution in the radial direction of the inlet in the form of a fitting function; At a corresponding position of the through hole, the pressure distribution is applied to the pressure distribution in the tangential direction of the through hole in the form of a fitting function; At the corresponding position of the outlet, the pressure distribution is applied to the pressure distribution in the radial direction of the outlet in the form of a fitting function.

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