Bionic Directional Reinforced Lubrication Differential for New Energy Heavy Vehicles and Optimization Method

Abstract

The present invention discloses a bionic directional enhanced lubrication differential for new energy heavy vehicles and an optimization method, belonging to the technical field of mechanical design. It includes a differential body, a shield wrapped outside the differential body, and a vortex generator on the inner surface of the shield. The optimal configuration scheme of the shield and the vortex generator is sought through a dynamic grid reconstruction calculation method based on the Fluent finite volume method. By extracting the flow field data calculated by the differential and assigning it to the local calculation model, by quantifying the characteristic parameters of the vortex generator, and by means of the mathematical relationship between the characteristic parameters of the vortex generator and the flow torque in the local calculation model, based on the BP neural network fitting test data and the multi-objective optimization of the particle swarm algorithm, the structural configuration of maximizing the flow rate and minimizing the resistance torque is realized. The present invention can achieve the reverse centrifugal gradient radial transportation of the external oil fluid of the closed differential to the inside of the differential, and can efficiently complete the optimization design of the shield configuration, realizing the lubrication enhancement of the differential.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of mechanical design, and particularly relates to a bionic directional enhanced lubrication differential for new energy heavy vehicles and an optimization method. Background Art

[0002] The differential is a key component in the vehicle transmission system and is widely used in traditional fuel vehicles and new energy vehicles. Its role is even more prominent in new energy heavy vehicles. Due to being in high-torque and high-load working conditions for a long time, the differential needs to balance the rotational speed difference between the two wheels under complex working conditions such as vehicle turning, climbing, and slippery roads. This function can not only effectively reduce unnecessary wear of the tires and extend the service life of the tires, but also significantly improve the driving smoothness, vehicle controllability, and safety. However, due to its closed and complex structural design, it is difficult to achieve efficient real-time supply of internal lubricating oil in the differential. Especially under high-temperature or heavy-load working conditions, this insufficient oil supply may lead to excessive wear of gears and bearings, lubrication failure, and even early damage of components, seriously affecting the life of the differential and the reliability of the whole vehicle.

[0003] At present, the strengthening measures and optimization designs for the lubricating oil supply problem of the differential are still in the development stage. Although some studies have tried to alleviate this problem by improving the differential housing structure, optimizing the lubricating oil passage, and enhancing the oil product performance, the effects shown by these methods in the high-stress environment of new energy heavy vehicles are still not ideal enough. Therefore, developing efficient lubricating oil supply technologies, researching special lubricating materials suitable for high-load working conditions, and exploring intelligent differential health monitoring and maintenance solutions have become the current research hotspots and technical research directions. These improvements can not only enhance the durability and operation stability of the differential, but also have important significance for optimizing the overall performance of new energy heavy vehicles. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Aiming at the above problems, the present invention provides a bionic directional enhanced lubrication differential for new energy heavy vehicles and an optimization method. By applying a high-precision turbulent flow treatment method in the dynamic grid reconstruction process and multi-objective optimization of the structural characteristic dimensions, directional oil supply enhancement under high load of the differential for new energy heavy vehicles is achieved.

[0005] According to one aspect of the present invention, a biomimetic directional enhanced lubrication differential for new energy heavy vehicles is provided, including: a differential body, a shield wrapped around the outside of the differential body, and a vortex generator on the inner surface of the shield; wherein, through holes are formed in the outer shell of the differential body, and the through holes are used to connect the oil pools inside and outside the differential; the shield surrounds and wraps the differential at an angle of 210°, and there is a gap between the shield and the differential. An arc-shaped oil baffle is protruded inward along the radial direction of the differential at the end of the shield; the vortex generator is a convex structure, which is evenly distributed on the inner side of the shield and is used to generate a vortex effect when the lubricating oil flows through, enhancing the lubrication effect; a micro-channel structure is also provided on the surface of the convex structure, and the micro-channel structure is in the form of diamond-shaped grooves arranged at equal intervals and is distributed on the vortex generator along the flow direction.

[0006] Optionally, the number of through holes on the outer shell of the differential body is 4, and they are evenly distributed in a circle.

[0007] Optionally, the number of the vortex generators is 7, and they are evenly distributed on the inner side of the shield.

[0008] Optionally, the vortex generator includes a triangular protrusion, a circular arc protrusion, and a trapezoidal protrusion.

[0009] Optionally, the gap between the shield and the differential body is 5 mm.

[0010] According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided an optimization method for a bionic directional enhanced lubrication differential for new energy heavy vehicles, which is applied to the bionic directional enhanced lubrication differential for new energy heavy vehicles as described above, and includes: establishing differential models with various shroud configurations, including no shroud, a shroud without a vortex generator, a shroud including a vortex generator, and a shroud including a vortex generator with a microchannel structure; establishing a simplified model of the differential based on the dynamic mesh reconstruction calculation method of the Fluent finite volume method, and realizing the rotational motion of the differential by means of dynamic mesh reconstruction; establishing corresponding monitoring surfaces on each through-hole of the differential housing, endowing the monitoring surfaces with the same rotational motion as the differential, and keeping the relative position between the monitoring surface and the through-hole unchanged during the simulation process. The real-time flow rate of each monitoring surface is used to reflect the real-time flow rate change on the through-holes of the housing of each differential model, and at the same time, the oil churning resistance torque during the rotation of the entire differential housing is monitored; constructing various vortex generator structures, including triangular vortex generators, arc-shaped vortex generators, trapezoidal vortex generators, and corresponding vortex generators with microchannel structures; calculating the real-time flow rate change of each through-hole by CFD, calculating the average oil exchange volume between the inner and outer oil pools of the differential under each structural model according to the real-time flow rate change of each through-hole, and selecting the scheme with the largest oil exchange volume as the optimal design scheme for the shroud and the vortex generator; extracting the flow field data in the optimal shroud and vortex generator scheme, and the flow field data includes pressure distribution and velocity vector; constructing a local calculation model of the gap between the shroud and the differential housing based on the gap fluid domain between the differential housing and the shroud; endowing the flow field data extracted from the original flow field data to the local calculation model; experimentally optimizing the design of the characteristic dimensions of the vortex generator structure based on the local calculation model, taking the characteristic structure of the vortex generator as the design variable, including the height, top length, and bottom angle size of the vortex generator. Each characteristic structure takes 4 values within the design range, and a total of 64 vortex generator structures are designed; respectively setting the vortex generator directly below, in front of, and behind the through-hole of the housing to form 3 calculation models; based on the 64 vortex generator structures and the 3 calculation models, a total of 192 calculation models are set. Using the CFD numerical simulation method based on pressure, selecting the velocity inlet, two pressure outlets, and the rotating wall surface as the monitoring surfaces, and monitoring the flow rate on the through-hole of the housing and the shear stress on the housing wall; extracting the finally stable flow rate of the through-hole of the housing under the three setting positions of the same vortex generator structure, and taking the average value as the quantitative index of the vortex generator structure for directional enhanced lubrication; taking the finally stable shear stress on the differential housing wall under the same vortex generator structure, and taking the average value as the quantitative index of the vortex generator structure for the influence on the oil churning resistance; using a BP neural network to fit the characteristic structure of the 64 vortex generator structures and the corresponding quantitative indexes of the flow rate and resistance torque, and obtaining a mathematical surrogate model between the flow rate, resistance torque, and the characteristic dimensions of the vortex generator structure;Based on the particle swarm optimization algorithm, multi-objective optimization is carried out on the characteristic structure parameters of the vortex generator to obtain the optimal vortex generator structure configuration scheme that maximizes the flow rate and minimizes the resistance moment.

[0011] Optionally, the assigning the flow field data extracted from the original flow field data to the local calculation model includes: at the inlet of the local calculation model, applying the corresponding velocity vector in the original flow field data in the form of a fitting function to the velocity distribution in the radial direction of the inlet; at the corresponding position of the through hole, applying the pressure distribution in the form of a fitting function to the pressure distribution in the tangential direction of the through hole; at the corresponding position of the outlet, applying the pressure distribution in the form of a fitting function to the pressure distribution in the radial direction of the outlet.

[0012] Advantages of the present invention:

[0013] Based on the coupled configuration of the shroud and the vortex generator for the regulation of the oil flow near the wall of the differential, the present invention can realize the radial transportation of the external oil of the differential against the centrifugal gradient into the differential, strengthen the lubrication of the internal parts, and improve the wear condition of the internal parts of the differential. Through the through holes on the main body housing of the differential, the oil can flow freely between the inside and the outside oil sump of the differential to ensure sufficient lubrication inside the differential. The vortex generator on the inner surface of the shroud will generate a vortex effect, enhance the turbulence degree of the oil, and improve the lubrication effect of the lubricating oil. The micro-channel structure on the surface of the vortex generator can achieve a smaller flow resistance, reduce the flow loss in the clearance flow field between the differential housing and the shroud, and realize a larger directional oil supply.

[0014] On the basis of the above structure, the present invention further proposes an optimization method to complete the optimization design of the shroud configuration to maximize the lubrication performance. By adopting the dynamic grid reconstruction calculation method based on the Fluent finite volume method, building a numerical calculation model of the oil stirring of the differential shroud structure, and constructing a local numerical calculation model based on the flow field data, the calculation cost and cycle can be reduced, and at the same time, the flow field characteristics of the original model can be more accurately reflected. The construction of the mathematical model based on the BP neural network and the optimization scheme based on the particle swarm algorithm can find the optimal vortex generator configuration scheme more accurately and quickly. Description of the Drawings

[0015] The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention, and constitute a part of the present invention. The schematic embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation to the present invention. In the drawings:

[0016] Figure 1 It is a bionic directional enhanced lubrication differential for new energy heavy vehicles, where (a) is the front view of the model, (b) is the axial sectional view at the housing through hole 1.1, (c) is the axonometric view of the model, and (d) is the partial enlarged view of the structure of the vortex generator 3;

[0017] Figure 2 is a local calculation model, where (a) is an axonometric view of the local calculation model, and (b) is a side view of the local calculation model;

[0018] Figure 3 is a partial axonometric view of the microchannel structure;

[0019] In the figure, 1 is the differential main body; 1.1 is the through hole; 2 is the shield; 3 is the eddy current generator; 8 is the oil baffle; 4 is the speed inlet; 5 is the first pressure outlet; 6 is the second pressure outlet; 7 is the rotating wall surface; 9 is the microchannel structure. Detailed implementation manners

[0020] In order to enable those skilled in the art of the present technology to better understand the solution of this application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of this application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of this application. It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments in this application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0021] Secondly, the so-called "one embodiment" or "embodiment" herein refers to specific features, structures or characteristics that can be included in at least one implementation manner of the present invention. The "in one embodiment" that appears in different places in this specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it an independent or alternative embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments.

[0022] The terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof in the specification and claims of this application are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, product or device that includes a series of steps or units does not necessarily have to be limited to those steps or units clearly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not clearly listed or are inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0023] Embodiment 1: Embodiment 1 of the present invention provides a bionic directional enhanced lubrication differential for new energy heavy vehicles, aiming to achieve enhanced lubrication of the differential through the envelope shield outside the differential and the eddy current generator on the inner surface of the shield (a microchannel structure is also provided on the surface of the eddy current generator).

[0024] As Figure 1 shown, the differential structure includes: a differential main body 1, a shield 2 wrapped outside the differential main body 1, and an eddy current generator 3 on the inner surface of the shield 2, where:

[0025] There are 4 through-holes 1.1 on the outer shell of the differential body 1. The through-holes 1.1 are evenly distributed around the circumference of the differential housing. Through the through-holes 1.1, the oil can flow freely between the inside and outside oil pools of the differential, ensuring that all components inside the differential can be fully lubricated, realizing the circulation and cooling of the lubricating oil. The equidistant distribution of the through-holes 1.1 in the circumference helps the lubricating oil to flow evenly and stably between the inside and outside oil pools of the differential, thereby obtaining a relatively consistent lubrication effect.

[0026] The shield 2 semi-surrounds and envelopes the outside of the differential body 1 at an open angle of 210°. The starting position of the enveloping surface is set directly below the differential. Considering the circumferential oil inlet efficiency between the differential housing and the shield, the gap between the shield 2 and the differential body 1 is set to 5 mm. This gap can ensure that the lubricating oil forms a stable oil film along the surface of the differential housing under the action of centrifugal force, while avoiding the loss of oil splashing caused by too large a gap. Considering the pressure maintaining requirement of the targeted area for directional lubrication strengthening of the differential, the shield 2 needs to envelope the cylindrical surface of the differential housing and the gear pair position axially, as shown in (a) and (c) of Figure 1 . The shield 2 adopts a segmented cylindrical shell design, including two cylindrical shells, which are the cylindrical surface enveloping the differential housing and the cylindrical surface enveloping the gear pair respectively. In addition, an arc-shaped oil baffle 8 protrudes radially inward along the end of the shield.

[0027] The eddy current generator 3 is a convex structure, as shown in Figure 1 (b). Seven trapezoidal eddy current generators 3 are evenly distributed on the inner side of the shield 2 at an interval of 25°. When the lubricating oil flows through, the eddy current generator 3 will generate an eddy current effect, enhancing the turbulence degree of the oil, increasing the contact area and contact time between the lubricating oil and the differential components, and improving the distribution uniformity and lubrication effect of the lubricating oil.

[0028] In other embodiments, the eddy current generator can also adopt other styles of convex structures, such as triangular, arc-shaped, etc. The triangular convex has a sharp vertex angle and can generate a relatively strong eddy current; the arc-shaped convex has a relatively smooth flow and can reduce the resistance to the lubricating oil while generating an eddy current; the trapezoidal convex can generate a pair of vortex structures with opposite phases, which helps to improve the mixing effect of the lubricating oil.

[0029] In addition, a microchannel structure 9 is also provided on the surface of the eddy current generator 3, as shown in Figure 3 . The microchannel structure 9 is in the form of a rhombic groove microchannel arranged at equal intervals and is distributed on the eddy current generator along the flow direction. By setting the microchannel structure 9, the flow state of the lubricating oil can be further changed, enabling the lubricating oil to form a more complex and effective flow pattern during the flow process, enhancing the flow disturbance effect of the eddy current generator 3.

[0030] In the embodiment of the present invention, through the through holes on the differential, the envelope shield outside the differential, and the eddy current generator on the inner surface of the shield, efficient lubricating oil flow and heat dissipation are achieved, improving the lubrication effect and working efficiency of the differential.

[0031] Embodiment 2: The embodiment 2 of the present invention provides an optimization method for a bionic directional enhanced lubrication differential for new energy heavy vehicles, aiming to further maximize the lubrication performance by finely adjusting the structural parameters of the differential, especially the configuration of the eddy current generator, on the basis of the structure proposed in Embodiment 1. Specifically, the method includes the following steps:

[0032] S1. Establish differential models with multiple shield configurations, including a shieldless one, a shield without an eddy current generator, a shield with an eddy current generator, and a shield with an eddy current generator having a microchannel structure.

[0033] In this step, 4 differential models with shield configurations are established, which are respectively:

[0034] a. A configuration scheme without a shield;

[0035] b. A shield configuration scheme without an eddy current generator;

[0036] c. A shield configuration scheme including an eddy current generator;

[0037] d. A shield configuration scheme including an eddy current generator with a microchannel structure;

[0038] Among them, the flow rate data in the a and b configuration schemes can verify the influence of the shield on the flow near the wall of the differential; the flow rate data in the b and c configuration schemes can verify the role of the eddy current generator structure in regulating radial transportation; the change in the churning resistance torque in the c and d configuration schemes can verify the role of the microchannel structure in reducing the resistance of the flow near the wall of the differential.

[0039] S2. Based on the dynamic grid reconstruction calculation method of the Fluent finite volume method, establish a simplified model of the differential, and realize the rotational motion of the differential by means of dynamic grid reconstruction.

[0040] The simplified model of the differential refers to simplifying the differential housing into a single cylindrical shell, retaining the main reduction gear pair part, closing the half shaft hole at both ends of the differential housing, opening several through holes 1.1 (in this example, the number of through holes is 4) on the cylindrical part of the differential housing, deleting the internal parts of the differential to reduce the calculation cost, and removing the internal mating boss, groove and other structures.

[0041] S3. On each through-hole of the differential housing, corresponding monitoring surfaces are built. There are 4 through-holes corresponding to 4 monitoring surfaces. The monitoring surfaces are given the same rotational motion as the differential to keep the relative positions of the monitoring surfaces and the through-holes unchanged during the simulation process. The real-time flow rate of the monitoring surfaces is used to reflect the real-time flow rate changes on the through-holes 1.1 of the housing of each differential model, and at the same time, the oil agitation resistance moment during the rotation of the entire differential housing is monitored.

[0042] S4. Six kinds of eddy current generator structures are constructed, including triangular eddy current generators, arc-shaped eddy current generators, trapezoidal eddy current generators, and eddy current generators with corresponding micro-channel structures, namely triangular eddy current generators, arc-shaped eddy current generators, trapezoidal eddy current generators, triangular eddy current generators with micro-channel structures, arc-shaped eddy current generators with micro-channel structures, and trapezoidal eddy current generators with micro-channel structures.

[0043] It should be noted that under each eddy current generator structure, the characteristic dimensions (such as length and height) of each eddy current generator need to be kept consistent.

[0044] S5. The real-time flow rate changes of each through-hole are calculated by CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics). According to the real-time flow rate changes of each through-hole, the average oil exchange amount between the inner and outer oil pools of the differential under each structural model is calculated, and the scheme with the largest oil exchange amount is selected as the optimal design scheme for the shield and the eddy current generator.

[0045] S6. The flow field data in the optimal shield and eddy current generator scheme are extracted. The flow field data include pressure distribution and velocity vector, especially the pressure distribution and velocity vector on the end face where the shield envelope gap is connected to the external oil pool and the 4 through-holes.

[0046] S7. Based on the gap fluid domain between the differential housing and the shield, a local calculation model of the gap between the shield and the differential housing is constructed.

[0047] As Figure 2 shown, Figure 2 it is a schematic diagram of the local calculation model, that is, the lubricating oil in the local gap fluid domain between the differential housing and the shield.

[0048] S8. The flow field data extracted from the original flow field data are assigned to the local calculation model.

[0049] The data such as pressure and velocity in the original flow field data are assigned to the inlet and outlet surfaces of the local calculation model. Among them, 4 is the velocity inlet, 6 is the second pressure outlet, and the rotating wall 7 is set as the moving surface, which rotates along the geometric curvature direction from the velocity inlet 4 to the second pressure outlet 6 at the same rotational speed to restore the characteristics of the original flow field. Specifically, at the inlet of the local calculation model, the corresponding velocity vector in the original flow field data is applied to the velocity distribution in the radial direction of the inlet in the form of a fitting function; at the corresponding position of the through-hole, the pressure distribution is applied to the pressure distribution in the tangential direction of the through-hole in the form of a fitting function; at the corresponding position of the outlet, the pressure distribution is applied to the pressure distribution in the radial direction of the outlet in the form of a fitting function.

[0050] S9. Based on the local calculation model, experimental optimization design is carried out on the characteristic dimensions of the vortex generator structure. The characteristic structure of the vortex generator is used as the design variable. The design variables include the height, top length, and bottom angle size of the vortex generator. Each characteristic structure takes 4 values within the design range, and a total of 64 (4 lengths * 4 heights * 4 inclinations) vortex generator structures are designed.

[0051] S10. The vortex generator is respectively arranged directly below, in front of, and behind the through-hole of the housing to form 3 calculation models.

[0052] S11. Based on the 64 vortex generator structures and the 3 calculation models, a total of 192 calculation models are set up. Using the CFD numerical simulation method based on pressure, the velocity inlet, two pressure outlets, and the rotating wall are selected as the monitoring surfaces to monitor the flow rate on the through-hole of the housing (i.e., the volume flow rate on the first pressure outlet 5) and the shear stress on the housing wall (i.e., the rotating wall 7).

[0053] S12. Extract the finally stable flow rate of the through-hole of the housing in the three installation positions of the same vortex generator structure, and take its average value as the quantization index of the vortex generator structure for directional enhanced lubrication.

[0054] S13. Take the finally stable shear stress on the differential housing wall under the same vortex generator structure, and take its average value as the quantization index of the vortex generator structure for the influence on the oil churning resistance.

[0055] S14. Use the BP neural network to fit the characteristic structure of the 64 vortex generator structures and the quantization indexes of the corresponding flow rate and resistance torque to obtain the mathematical surrogate model between the flow rate, resistance torque, and the characteristic dimensions of the vortex generator structure.

[0056] The mathematical surrogate model can adopt a fitting function in Matlab.

[0057] S15. Based on the particle swarm optimization algorithm, multi-objective optimization is carried out on the characteristic structure parameters of the vortex generator to obtain the optimal structural configuration scheme of the vortex generator that maximizes the flow rate and minimizes the resistance moment.

[0058] Through the above steps, Embodiment 2 of the present invention optimizes the structural parameters of the bionic directional enhanced lubrication differential for new energy heavy vehicles, finds the optimal configuration scheme of the shield and the vortex generator, and improves the lubrication performance of the differential.

[0059] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements and refinements can be made, and these improvements and refinements should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An optimization method for a bionic directional enhanced lubrication differential of a new energy heavy vehicle, characterized in that Applied to a bionic directional enhanced lubrication differential for new energy heavy vehicles, the differential includes: A differential body, a shield wrapped around the outside of the differential body, and a vortex generator on the inner surface of the shield; Among them, through holes are opened on the outer shell of the differential body, and the through holes are used to connect the inner and outer oil pools of the differential; The shield surrounds and envelopes the outside of the differential at an angle of 210°, and there is a gap between the shield and the differential. An arc-shaped oil baffle is protruded inward along the radial direction of the differential at the end of the shield; The vortex generator is a convex structure, which is evenly distributed on the inner side of the shield and is used to generate a vortex effect when lubricating oil flows through, enhancing the lubrication effect; A microchannel structure is also provided on the surface of the convex structure. The microchannel structure is in the form of diamond-shaped grooves arranged at equal intervals and is distributed on the vortex generator along the flow direction; The number of through holes on the outer shell of the differential body is 4, and they are evenly distributed in a circle; The number of the vortex generators is 7, and they are evenly distributed on the inner side of the shield; The vortex generator includes a triangular protrusion, a circular arc protrusion, and a trapezoidal protrusion; The gap between the shield and the differential body is 5 mm; The method includes: Establishing differential models with various shield configurations, including a differential without a shield, a shield without a vortex generator, a shield with a vortex generator, and a shield with a vortex generator with a microchannel structure; Based on the dynamic grid reconstruction calculation method of the Fluent finite volume method, establishing a simplified model of the differential, and realizing the rotational motion of the differential by means of dynamic grid reconstruction; Building corresponding monitoring surfaces on each through hole of the differential housing, endowing the monitoring surfaces with the same rotational motion as the differential, keeping the relative position between the monitoring surfaces and the through holes unchanged during the simulation process, and reflecting the real-time flow rate changes on the through holes of the housing of each differential model through the real-time flow rate of the monitoring surfaces, and simultaneously monitoring the churning resistance moment during the rotation of the entire differential housing; Constructing various vortex generator structures, including a triangular vortex generator, a circular arc vortex generator, a trapezoidal vortex generator, and a corresponding vortex generator with a microchannel structure; Calculating the real-time flow rate changes of each through hole through CFD, calculating the average oil exchange volume of the inner and outer oil pools of the differential under each structural model according to the real-time flow rate changes of each through hole, and selecting the scheme with the largest oil exchange volume as the optimal design scheme for the shield and the vortex generator; Extracting the flow field data in the optimal shield and vortex generator scheme, and the flow field data includes pressure distribution and velocity vector; Based on the fluid domain of the gap between the differential housing and the shield, constructing a local calculation model of the gap between the shield and the differential housing; Assigning the flow field data extracted from the original flow field data to the local calculation model; Based on the local calculation model, experimentally optimizing the characteristic dimensions of the vortex generator structure, taking the characteristic structure of the vortex generator as the design variable, including the height, top length, and bottom angle size of the vortex generator, and each characteristic structure takes 4 values within the design range, and a total of 64 vortex generator structures are designed; Respectively setting the vortex generator directly below, in front of, and behind the through hole of the housing to form 3 calculation models; Based on the 64 vortex generator structures and the 3 calculation models, a total of 192 calculation models are set up. Using the pressure-based CFD numerical simulation method, the velocity inlet, two pressure outlets, and the rotating wall are selected as the monitoring surfaces to monitor the flow rate on the through-hole of the housing and the shear stress on the housing wall; Extract the finally stable flow rate of the through-hole of the housing under three installation positions of the same vortex generator structure, and take its average value as the quantization index of the vortex generator structure for directional enhanced lubrication; Take the finally stable shear stress of the differential housing wall under the same vortex generator structure, and take its average value as the quantization index of the influence of the vortex generator structure on the oil agitation resistance; Use the BP neural network to fit the characteristic structures of the 64 vortex generator structures and the quantization indexes of the corresponding flow rate and resistance torque to obtain the mathematical surrogate model between the flow rate, resistance torque and the characteristic dimensions of the vortex generator structure; Based on the particle swarm algorithm, multi-objective optimization is carried out on the characteristic structure parameters of the vortex generator to obtain the optimal vortex generator structure configuration scheme with the maximum flow rate and the minimum resistance torque.

2. The optimization method of the bionic directional enhanced lubrication differential for new energy heavy vehicles according to claim 1, wherein, The assigning the flow field data extracted from the original flow field data to the local calculation model includes: At the inlet of the local calculation model, apply the corresponding velocity vector in the original flow field data to the velocity distribution in the radial direction of the inlet in the form of a fitting function; At the corresponding position of the through-hole, apply the pressure distribution to the pressure distribution in the tangential direction of the through-hole in the form of a fitting function; At the corresponding position of the outlet, apply the pressure distribution to the pressure distribution in the radial direction of the outlet in the form of a fitting function.

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