Impact-angle-adjustable water and sediment motion simulation test equipment and test method

Abstract

The invention provides a water and sand movement simulation test device with an adjustable impact angle and a test method, and belongs to the technical field of water and sand tests. Comprising a transparent simulation water tank, a water flow control unit and a sand supply unit which are connected with the transparent simulation water tank, and an angle adjusting unit arranged on the transparent simulation water tank, the water flow control unit is used for providing a water body required by a test into the transparent simulation water tank, the sand supply unit is used for providing a sand body required by the test into the transparent simulation water tank, a water and sand movement simulation test is carried out in the transparent simulation water tank, and in the test process, when the forward and reverse rotation motor drives the adjusting rotating rod to rotate, the sand body is adjusted. And the angle adjusting plate rotates synchronously, so that the angle of the angle adjusting plate is adjusted, the water and sand movement conditions at different impact angles can be simulated conveniently, the natural scene of water and sand movement can be reduced more truly, and the reflection accuracy of the test result to the actual condition is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of water-sand test, and in particular relates to water-sand motion simulation test equipment with adjustable impact angle and a test method. Background Art

[0002] The erosion and deposition process of gullies on the Loess Plateau involves the movement of water and sand. With climate change and the intensification of human activities, gully control projects are facing severe challenges. Understanding the movement of water and sand under different conditions is helpful for designing effective gully protection projects, such as breakwaters and retaining dams. The construction and safe operation of many water conservancy projects, such as dams and dikes, are closely related to the movement of water and sand. In order to accurately understand the laws of water and sand movement, simulation tests can be used to gain an in-depth understanding of the laws of water and sand movement, providing a scientific basis for the design, construction and management of water conservancy projects.

[0003] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a water-sand movement simulation test equipment. However, traditional water-sand movement simulation test equipment often has some limitations, such as a fixed impact angle and an inability to simulate water-sand movement at different angles.

[0004] In the actual natural environment, the impact angles of water flow on sediment are varied, which will affect the movement process of sediment transportation and deposition. Therefore, in order to more accurately simulate the movement of water and sand in the natural environment, a water and sand movement simulation test equipment and method that can adjust the impact angle is needed. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a water-sand motion simulation test device and a test method with adjustable impact angle.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention is: a water-sand motion simulation test device with adjustable impact angle, comprising a transparent simulation water tank, a water flow control unit and a sand supply unit connected to the transparent simulation water tank, and an angle adjustment unit arranged on the transparent simulation water tank;

[0007] The upper end of the transparent simulated water tank is provided with a sand inlet and a water inlet, and the side wall of the transparent simulated water tank is provided with a discharge port;

[0008] The water flow control unit comprises a water supply tank connected to the water inlet through a connecting water pipe and provided with a first opening and closing valve at the connection, a pressurized water pump for connecting the water supply tank with an external water source, a pressure gauge provided on the connecting water pipe, and a horizontal flow control cylinder provided in a transparent simulated water tank and connected to the water inlet at one end, wherein a horizontal flow control port is provided on a side wall of the horizontal flow control cylinder;

[0009] The sand supply unit comprises a sand storage box whose bottom end is connected to the sand inlet, a sand screen connected to the sand storage box, and a rotating sand control plate hinged at the sand inlet and driven by a hydraulic cylinder;

[0010] The angle adjustment unit includes an angle adjustment plate arranged at the bottom end of the transparent simulated water tank, an adjustment installation box arranged on the front and rear sides of the outer wall of the transparent simulated water tank, an adjustment rotating rod that penetrates the angle adjustment plate along the width direction and is close to the discharge port and extends to the two adjustment installation boxes at the front and rear ends respectively, a forward and reverse rotating motor that drives the adjustment rotating rod to rotate, arc-shaped limiting grooves respectively arranged on the front and rear sides of the inner wall of the transparent simulated water tank and distributed along the rotation direction of the angle adjustment plate, a plurality of through limiting holes arranged from top to bottom in the arc-shaped limiting grooves, and a plurality of micro hydraulic rods arranged in the adjustment installation box and on the inner wall on the side opposite to each of the through limiting holes, the free end of the micro hydraulic rod extends into the transparent simulated water tank through the through limiting hole and is connected to a blocking column, and sliding limiting blocks that can slide along the arc-shaped limiting grooves are arranged on the front and rear sides of the angle adjustment plate.

[0011] Furthermore, a rotating flow control plate is provided inside the horizontal flow control tube along the length direction, and the left and right sides of the upper end of the rotating flow control plate are rotatably connected to the left and right sides of the horizontal flow control tube through vertical connecting plates, and a micro drive motor is connected to the center of one of the vertical connecting plates through a rotating shaft, and the size of the rotating flow control plate is larger than the size of the horizontal flow control port.

[0012] Description: When conducting a water-sand movement simulation test, the water in the water supply tank is passed into a transparent simulated water tank. During this process, the water enters the horizontal flow control cylinder through a connecting water pipe, and the water is sprayed evenly in the horizontal direction onto the angle adjustment plate through the horizontal flow control port to avoid strong scouring effects caused by spraying in strands in local areas, which causes excessive transport of sediment in local areas, while sediment in other areas hardly moves. This is quite different from the mode of action of water flow on sediment in the actual natural environment, which improves the representativeness of the simulation results for the actual water-sand movement conditions. When it is necessary to adjust the water flow rate, the rotating shaft and the vertical connecting piece connected to it are driven to rotate by a micro-drive motor. At the same time, the rotating flow control piece will also rotate synchronously. The water flow rate can be controlled by controlling the gap between the bottom of the rotating flow control piece and the horizontal flow control port. The water and sand movement conditions in different seasons can be simulated, and the laws of water and sand movement under different hydrodynamic conditions can be better studied, thereby improving the accuracy of the entire simulation test.

[0013] Furthermore, limiting vertical plates are respectively provided on the front and rear sides of the bottom of the sand storage box and corresponding to the sand inlet position, and arc-shaped sliding grooves are respectively provided on the opposite sides of the two limiting vertical plates, and linkage blocks slidably connected to the arc-shaped sliding grooves are respectively provided on both sides of the rotating sand control plate.

[0014] Description: When the rotating sand control plate is driven by the hydraulic cylinder to rotate, the linkage blocks at both ends of the rotating sand control plate slide up and down in the arc-shaped sliding grooves that limit the side walls of the two vertical plates, thereby providing lateral support for the rotating sand control plate, so that the rotating sand control plate can withstand greater force during the rotation process without deformation or damage, thereby ensuring the stability of the structure.

[0015] Furthermore, a gradient sand relief assembly is provided at the bottom end of the rotating sand control plate and close to the discharge port. The gradient sand relief assembly is composed of a plurality of sand relief plates distributed in sequence from top to bottom and connected end to end. Each sand relief plate is provided with a plurality of vertical sand relief grooves, and the sand relief plate at the top can slide left and right along the bottom end of the rotating sand control plate.

[0016] Description: When the sand slides downward on the rotating sand control plate, it passes through each sand buffering plate from top to bottom and falls onto the angle adjustment plate. Compared with the rapid vertical fall of the sand, the sand buffering plate can gradually slow down the falling speed of the sand, and can simulate a sand movement speed change process that is more in line with the actual situation. It can improve the simulation accuracy of the sedimentation process and sedimentation morphology, which is conducive to the study of the sedimentation law of sediment. In addition, several vertical sand buffering grooves are set on each sand buffering plate, which can guide the sand to flow into different vertical sand buffering grooves, making the sand flow more dispersed in the lateral direction, avoiding excessive concentration of sand flow in local areas, and thus more evenly distributed on the entire sand buffering plate.

[0017] Furthermore, a plurality of arc-shaped limiting grooves are provided on both the front and rear sides of the inner wall of the transparent simulated water tank, and the sliding limiting blocks on the front and rear sides of the angle adjustment plate correspond to the arc-shaped limiting grooves one by one and are slidably connected.

[0018] Note: When the forward and reverse rotation motor drives the adjustment rotating rod to rotate, the angle adjustment plate also rotates synchronously to adjust the angle of the angle adjustment plate. While the angle adjustment plate rotates, the sliding limiting block on the side wall of the angle adjustment plate will slide in the corresponding arc-shaped limiting groove to provide lateral support for the angle adjustment plate, so that the angle adjustment plate can withstand greater force during the rotation process without deformation or damage.

[0019] Furthermore, the discharge port is connected to a water and sand collecting unit via a connecting pipe, and a discharge valve is provided at the connection between the water and sand collecting unit and the discharge port.

[0020] Note: After the test is completed, open the discharge valve at the discharge port, and the water-sand mixture flows through the discharge valve to the water-sand collection unit for processing and storage, which is convenient for recycling the water-sand mixture, improves the utilization rate of test resources, and reduces resource waste.

[0021] Furthermore, the water and sand collection unit includes a water and sand collection trough connected to the discharge port and having a plurality of overflow ports on the side wall from top to bottom, an overflow branch pipe connected to each of the overflow ports and having a second opening and closing valve at the connection point, a water flow collection box connected to each of the overflow branch pipes, and a sand collection box connected to the bottom end of the water and sand collection trough.

[0022] Description: When the water-sand mixture flows into the water-sand collecting unit through the discharge valve, it first flows into the water-sand collecting tank. As the storage amount of the water-sand mixture increases, the second opening and closing valves are opened, and the water flows through the overflow branches at each overflow port to the overflow water collection box for storage, while the sand deposited at the bottom of the water-sand collecting tank falls into the sand collection box for storage, which is convenient for their subsequent processing and reuse, reducing the waste of resources.

[0023] Furthermore, a sand filter box is provided at the connection between the water flow collection box and each of the overflow branches, the water flow collection box is connected to the water supply tank through a connecting pipe, the bottom end of the sand collection box is connected to the sand storage box through a connecting pipe and a drying box is provided at the connection.

[0024] Note: Before the water flows from the overflow branch pipes at each overflow port to the overflow water collection box, it first passes through the sand filter box to filter out the sand in the water, and then flows back to the water supply tank for the next water and sand test. The sand deposited at the bottom of the water and sand collection tank will fall into the sand collection box, and after drying the water in the drying box, it will flow back to the sand storage box for the next water and sand test. Recycling and reusing water and sand can ensure that the starting conditions of each water and sand test are more similar, because in the water and sand movement simulation test, the properties of water and sand have an important influence on the test results. Using treated water and sand that are returned can reduce the test errors caused by different resource sources and make the test results more comparable.

[0025] The present invention also provides a water-sand movement simulation test method with adjustable impact angle, based on the above-mentioned water-sand movement simulation test device with adjustable impact angle, comprising the following steps:

[0026] S1. Open the first on-off valve on the water pipe connecting the water supply tank and the transparent simulated water tank, start the pressurized water pump, introduce water into the horizontal flow control cylinder, and the water flows through the horizontal flow control port on the horizontal flow control cylinder and is evenly sprayed onto the angle adjustment plate in the horizontal direction;

[0027] S2, start the hydraulic cylinder to drive the rotating sand control plate to rotate, so that the sand inlet is opened, and the sand in the sand storage box is evenly sprayed onto the angle adjustment plate through the sand inlet;

[0028] S3. Use the forward and reverse rotation motor to drive the rotation rod to rotate, change the angle of the angle adjustment plate, and simulate the movement of water and sand under different terrains or water flow impact angles. When the rotation angle of the angle adjustment plate is fixed, the barrier column is extended through the limited hole into the transparent simulated water tank through the extension effect of the micro hydraulic rod, and is located at the bottom of the angle adjustment plate to provide additional support and restriction to it;

[0029] S4. S4. Set multiple measuring points in the transparent simulated water tank. When adjusting the angle of the adjusting plate, use the existing ADV to measure the changes in water flow velocity and flow direction at each flow velocity measurement point. By comparing the measurement data at various angles, analyze the impact of angle changes on water and sand flow velocity and flow direction. At the same time, use the existing high-speed camera to shoot the sand particles, and analyze the changes in the starting, transportation and deposition position of the sand particles at various angles of the adjusting plate.

[0030] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0031] (1) When the water-sand movement simulation test equipment with adjustable impact angle of the present invention is used, the water required for the test is provided into the transparent simulation water tank through the water flow control unit, and the sand required for the test is provided into the transparent simulation water tank through the sand supply unit, and the water-sand movement simulation test is carried out in the transparent simulation water tank. In the process of the test, when the rotation rod is driven by the forward and reverse rotation motor to rotate, the angle adjustment plate is also rotated synchronously, so as to adjust the angle of the angle adjustment plate, which is convenient for simulating the water and sand movement under different impact angles, and can more realistically restore the natural scene of water and sand movement, thereby improving the accuracy of the test results in reflecting the actual situation. After the rotation angle of the angle adjustment plate is fixed, the barrier column is extended through the limiting hole into the transparent simulation water tank through the extension action of the micro hydraulic rod, and is located at the bottom of the angle adjustment plate to provide additional support and restriction to it, so that the angle adjustment plate can withstand greater force during the rotation process without deformation or damage;

[0032] (2) When conducting the water-sand movement simulation test, the water in the water supply tank is passed into the transparent simulated water tank. During this process, the water enters the horizontal flow control cylinder through the connecting water pipe, and the water flows evenly horizontally onto the angle adjustment plate through the horizontal flow control port, which improves the representativeness of the simulation results for the actual water-sand movement. When the water flow rate needs to be adjusted, the micro-drive motor drives the rotating shaft and the vertical connecting piece connected to it to rotate. At the same time, the rotating flow control piece will also rotate synchronously. The water flow rate can be controlled by the gap between the bottom of the rotating flow control piece and the horizontal flow control port. The water-sand movement in different seasons can be simulated, and the water-sand movement laws under different hydrodynamic conditions can be better studied.

[0033] (3) When the sand slides downward on the rotating sand control plate, it passes through each sand buffering plate from top to bottom and falls onto the angle adjustment plate. Compared with the rapid vertical fall of the sand, the sand buffering plate can gradually slow down the falling speed of the sand, which can simulate the change process of the sand movement speed that is more in line with the actual situation, improve the simulation accuracy of the sedimentation process and sedimentation morphology, and is conducive to the study of the sedimentation law. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 2 It is a side view of the installation of the rotating flow control plate of the present invention in the horizontal flow control cylinder;

[0036] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the external structure of the horizontal flow control tube of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of the rotating flow control sheet of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the sand storage box of the present invention on the upper end of the transparent simulated water tank;

[0039] Figure 6 It is a side view of the connection between the gradient sand mitigation assembly and the rotating sand control plate of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 7 is a front view of the gradient sand mitigation assembly of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the rotating sand control plate of the present invention;

[0042] Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the transparent simulated water tank when the angle adjustment plate of the present invention is not rotated;

[0043] Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the transparent simulated water tank when the angle adjustment plate of the present invention rotates;

[0044] Fig.11 is a top view of the transparent simulated water tank when the angle adjustment plate of the present invention is installed;

[0045] Fig.12 It is a top view of the transparent simulated water tank when the angle adjustment plate of the present invention is not installed.

[0046] Among them, 1-transparent simulated water tank, 10-sand inlet, 11-water inlet, 12-discharge port, 120-discharge valve, 2-water flow control unit, 20-water supply tank, 200-first opening and closing valve, 21-pressurized water pump, 22-pressure gauge, 23-horizontal flow control cylinder, 230-rotating flow control plate, 231-vertical connecting plate, 232-micro drive motor, 24-horizontal flow control port, 3-sand supply unit, 30-sand storage box, 300-limited vertical plate, 301-arc sliding groove, 31-sand screen, 32-rotating sand control plate, 321-linkage block, 33- Gradient sand slowing component, 330-sand slowing plate, 331-vertical sand slowing trough, 4-angle adjustment unit, 40-angle adjustment plate, 400-sliding limiting block, 41-adjustment installation box, 42-adjustment rotating rod, 43-forward and reverse rotation motor, 430-arc limiting groove, 44-through limiting hole, 45-micro hydraulic rod, 450-barrier column, 5-water and sand collection unit, 50-water and sand collection trough, 500-overflow port, 51-overflow branch pipe, 510-second opening and closing valve, 52-water flow collection box, 53-sand collection box, 54-sand filter box, 55-drying box. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] In order to further understand the content of the present invention, the present invention is described in detail below through examples.

[0048] Example 1: Figure 1 As shown, a water-sand motion simulation test device with adjustable impact angle comprises a transparent simulation water tank 1, a water flow control unit 2 and a sand supply unit 3 connected to the transparent simulation water tank 1, and an angle adjustment unit 4 arranged on the transparent simulation water tank 1;

[0049] The upper end of the transparent simulated water tank 1 is provided with a sand inlet 10 and a water inlet 11, and the side wall of the transparent simulated water tank 1 is provided with a discharge port 12;

[0050] The water flow control unit 2 includes a water supply tank 20 connected to the water inlet 11 through a connecting water pipe and provided with a first opening and closing valve 200 at the connection, a pressurized water pump 21 for connecting the water supply tank 20 with an external water source, a pressure gauge 22 arranged on the connecting water pipe, and a horizontal flow control cylinder 23 arranged in the transparent simulated water tank 1 and connected to the water inlet 11 at one end, and a horizontal flow control port 24 is arranged on the side wall of the horizontal flow control cylinder 23, wherein the first opening and closing valve 200, the pressurized water pump 21, and the pressure gauge 22 all adopt the existing technology, for example, the first opening and closing valve 200 can adopt an opening and closing valve with a model of M346090, the pressurized water pump 21 can adopt an ISG type pipeline pressurized water pump, and the pressure gauge 22 can adopt a pressure gauge with a model of MAG 115Dif;

[0051] The sand supply unit 3 includes a sand storage box 30 connected to the sand inlet 10 at the bottom, a sand screener 31 connected to the sand storage box 30, and a rotating sand control plate 32 hinged at the sand inlet 10 and driven by a hydraulic cylinder 320. The sand screener 31 adopts an existing drum sand screener, and the working principle is usually based on a combination of vibration and screen. When the screener is started, the motor generates centrifugal force by driving the eccentric block to rotate, causing the screen box to vibrate. This vibration causes the sand to jump on the screen, thereby achieving sand separation. At the same time, multiple layers of screens are usually installed on the screener, and different screens can achieve screening and grading of sand of different particle sizes. The sand with large particle size will be blocked by the holes on the screen, while the sand with small particle size can pass through the holes of the screen and fall into the material bin below, thus achieving the separation and classification of the sand. The sand can be separated according to different particle sizes by the sand sifter 31, which helps to more accurately control the particle size distribution of the sand in the water-sand test, and can simulate the different particle size distributions of the sand in the natural environment, so as to more realistically reflect the actual situation of the water-sand movement, thereby improving the accuracy of the test results;

[0052] like Fig. 9 , 10 As shown in Figures 11 and 12, the angle adjustment unit 4 includes an angle adjustment plate 40 disposed at the bottom end of the transparent simulated water tank 1, an adjustment installation box 41 disposed on the front and rear sides of the outer wall of the transparent simulated water tank 1, an adjustment rotating rod 42 that passes through the angle adjustment plate 40 near the discharge port 12 along the width direction and extends to the two adjustment installation boxes 41 at both front and rear ends, a forward and reverse rotating motor 43 that drives the adjustment rotating rod 42 to rotate, an arc-shaped limiting groove 430 that is respectively disposed on the front and rear sides of the inner wall of the transparent simulated water tank 1 and distributed along the rotation direction of the angle adjustment plate 40, and three through-limiting holes 44 disposed in the arc-shaped limiting groove 430 from top to bottom. , 9 miniature hydraulic rods 45 are arranged in the adjustment installation box 41 and on the inner wall on the side opposite to each through-limiting hole 44, the free end of the miniature hydraulic rod 45 extends through the through-limiting hole 44 into the transparent simulated water tank 1 and is connected with a blocking column 450, and the front and rear sides of the angle adjustment plate 40 are provided with sliding limiting blocks 400 that can slide along the arc-shaped limiting groove 430, wherein the forward and reverse rotation motor 43 and the miniature hydraulic rod 45 are all made of existing technology, the forward and reverse rotation motor 43 can be a motor of model XLD3-43-0.75, and the miniature hydraulic rod 45 can be a hydraulic rod of model HSGL-63 / 45;

[0053] Three arc-shaped limiting grooves 430 are provided on the front and rear sides of the inner wall of the transparent simulated water tank 1. The sliding limiting blocks 400 on the front and rear sides of the angle adjustment plate 40 correspond to the arc-shaped limiting grooves 430 one by one and are slidably connected. When the forward and reverse rotation motor 43 drives the adjustment rotating rod 42 to rotate, the angle adjustment plate 40 also rotates synchronously to adjust the angle of the angle adjustment plate 40. While the angle adjustment plate 40 rotates, the sliding limiting blocks 400 on the side walls of the angle adjustment plate 40 will slide in the corresponding arc-shaped limiting grooves 430 to provide lateral support for the angle adjustment plate 40, so that the angle adjustment plate 40 can withstand greater force during the rotation process without deformation or damage.

[0054] Embodiment 2: This embodiment discloses a water-sand motion simulation test method with adjustable impact angle, based on a water-sand motion simulation test device with adjustable impact angle in Embodiment 1, comprising the following steps:

[0055] S1, open the first on-off valve 200 on the water pipe connecting the water supply tank 20 and the transparent simulated water tank 1, start the pressurized water pump 21, introduce the water body into the horizontal flow control cylinder 23, and the water flows through the horizontal flow control port 24 on the horizontal flow control cylinder 23 and is evenly sprayed onto the angle adjustment plate 40 in the horizontal direction;

[0056] S2, start the hydraulic cylinder 320 to drive the rotating sand control plate 32 to rotate, so that the sand inlet 10 is opened, and the sand in the sand storage box 30 is evenly sprayed onto the angle adjustment plate 40 through the sand inlet 10;

[0057] S3, using the forward and reverse rotation motor 43 to drive the adjustment rotating rod 42 to rotate, changing the angle of the angle adjustment plate 40, simulating the movement of water and sand under different terrains or water flow impact angles. When the rotation angle of the angle adjustment plate 40 is fixed, the blocking column 450 is extended through the limiting hole 44 to the transparent simulated water tank 1 through the extension effect of the micro hydraulic rod 45, and is located at the bottom of the angle adjustment plate 40 to provide additional support and restriction to it;

[0058] S4, S4, set up multiple measuring points in the transparent simulated water tank 1, and use the existing ADV to measure the changes in water flow velocity and flow direction at each flow velocity measurement point when adjusting the angle of the adjusting plate 40. By comparing the measurement data at various angles, the influence of the angle change on the water and sand flow velocity and flow direction is analyzed. At the same time, use the existing high-speed camera to shoot the sand particles, and analyze the changes in the starting, transportation and deposition position of the sand particles at various angles of the adjusting plate 40.

[0059] Embodiment 3: This embodiment differs from Embodiment 1 in that:

[0060] like Figure 2 , 3As shown in Figures 4 and 5, a rotating flow control piece 230 is provided in the horizontal flow control tube 23 along the length direction. The left and right sides of the upper end of the rotating flow control piece 230 are rotatably connected to the left and right sides of the horizontal flow control tube 23 through vertical connecting pieces 231. A micro-drive motor 232 is connected to the center of one of the vertical connecting pieces 231 through a rotating shaft. The size of the rotating flow control piece 230 is 1.5 times the size of the horizontal flow control port 24. When the water flow rate needs to be adjusted, the rotating shaft and the vertical connecting piece 231 connected thereto are driven to rotate by the micro-drive motor 232. At the same time, the rotating flow control piece 230 will also rotate synchronously. The water flow rate is controlled by the size of the gap between the bottom end of the rotating flow control piece 230 and the horizontal flow control port 24. The water and sand movement in different seasons can be simulated, and the water and sand movement laws under different hydrodynamic conditions can be better studied to improve the accuracy of the entire simulation test. The micro-drive motor 232 adopts the existing technology, for example, a stepping micro motor with a model of 28BYJ-48 can be adopted.

[0061] Embodiment 4: This embodiment differs from Embodiment 2 in that:

[0062] In step S1, when the water flow rate needs to be adjusted, the micro-drive motor 232 drives the rotating shaft and the vertical connecting plate 231 connected thereto to rotate. At the same time, the rotating flow control plate 230 will also rotate synchronously, and the water flow rate is controlled by adjusting the gap size between the bottom end of the rotating flow control plate 230 and the horizontal flow control port 24.

[0063] Embodiment 5: This embodiment differs from Embodiment 3 in that:

[0064] like Figure 5 , 8 As shown, limiting vertical plates 300 are respectively provided on the front and rear sides of the bottom of the sand storage box 30 and corresponding to the position of the sand inlet 10, and arc-shaped sliding grooves 301 are respectively provided on the opposite sides of the two limiting vertical plates 300, and linkage blocks 321 slidably connected to the arc-shaped sliding grooves 301 are respectively provided on both sides of the rotating sand control plate 32.

[0065] Embodiment 6: This embodiment differs from Embodiment 4 in that:

[0066] In step S2 , when the rotatable sand control plate 32 is driven to rotate by the hydraulic cylinder 320 , the linkage blocks 321 at both ends of the rotatable sand control plate 32 slide up and down in the arc-shaped sliding grooves 301 defining the side walls of the two vertical plates 300 , thereby providing lateral support for the rotatable sand control plate 32 .

[0067] Embodiment 7: This embodiment differs from Embodiment 5 in that:

[0068] like Figure 5 , 6As shown in , 7, a gradient sand relief assembly 33 is provided at the bottom end of the rotating sand control plate 32 and close to the discharge port 12. The gradient sand relief assembly 33 is composed of three sand relief plates 330 distributed in sequence from top to bottom and connected end to end. Each sand relief plate 330 is provided with five vertical sand relief grooves 331. The sand relief plate 330 at the top can slide left and right along the bottom end of the rotating sand control plate 32.

[0069] Embodiment 8: This embodiment differs from Embodiment 6 in that:

[0070] In step S2, when the sand slides downward on the rotating sand control plate 32, it passes through each sand buffering plate 330 from top to bottom and falls onto the angle adjustment plate 40, and a plurality of vertical sand buffering grooves 331 are arranged on each sand buffering plate 330, which can guide the sand to flow into different vertical sand buffering grooves 331, so that the sand flow is more dispersed in the lateral direction.

[0071] Embodiment 9: This embodiment differs from Embodiment 7 in that:

[0072] like Figure 1 As shown, the discharge port 12 is connected to a water and sand collecting unit 5 through a connecting pipe, and a discharge valve 120 is provided at the connection between the water and sand collecting unit 5 and the discharge port 12. The water and sand collecting unit 5 includes a water and sand collecting tank 50 connected to the discharge port 12 and having three overflow ports 500 on the side wall from top to bottom, an overflow branch pipe 51 connected to each overflow port 500 and having a second opening and closing valve 510 at the connection, a water flow collection box 52 connected to each overflow branch pipe 51, and a water flow collection box 52 connected to the bottom end of the water and sand collecting tank 50. The sand collection box 53, the water-sand mixture flows to the water-sand collection unit 5 through the discharge valve 120 for processing and storage, which is convenient for recycling the water-sand mixture, improves the utilization rate of test resources, and reduces the waste of resources. Among them, the discharge valve 120 and the second opening and closing valve 510 both adopt the existing technology, for example, the discharge valve 120 can adopt the existing Z944TC electric flange one-way ceramic double gate discharge valve, and the second opening and closing valve 510 can adopt the opening and closing valve with model M346090;

[0073] A sand filter box 54 is provided at the connection between the water flow collection box 52 and each overflow branch pipe 51. The water flow collection box 52 is connected to the water supply box 20 through a connecting pipe. The bottom end of the sand body collection box 53 is connected to the sand storage box 30 through a connecting pipe and a drying box 55 is provided at the connection. Because in the water-sand movement simulation test, the properties of the water body and the sand body, such as water quality and sand particle size, have an important influence on the test results, the use of treated water and sand that are returned can reduce the test errors caused by different resource sources and make the test results more comparable. Among them, a drying component is provided in the drying box 55. The drying component can use the existing hot air circulation fan, infrared heating tube or electric heating wire, and the hot air circulation fan can be evenly blown onto the sand body when in use to avoid local overheating or uneven drying. The air that has absorbed moisture from the sand body and whose temperature has dropped is drawn back to the vicinity of the heating source by the fan for reheating, which can save energy and reduce operating costs. Generally speaking, the hot air circulation fan system is equipped with a temperature regulating device that can accurately control the drying temperature. The infrared heating tube heats the sand body by infrared radiation. This heating method does not require heat to be conducted through a medium, but directly acts on the surface of the sand body, causing the sand body to heat up quickly, thereby shortening the drying time. No pollutants are generated during the working process, and no pollution is caused to the sand body. The electric heating wire is a relatively common and low-cost heating component. In the water and sand test equipment, if the cost control is strict, the electric heating wire is a good choice. Its manufacturing and installation costs are relatively low, which can reduce the cost of the entire equipment. You can choose any one according to actual needs.

[0074] Embodiment 10: This embodiment differs from Embodiment 8 in that: it also includes step S5;

[0075] S5. When the water-sand mixture flows into the water-sand collecting unit 5 through the discharge valve 120, it first flows into the water-sand collecting tank 50. As the storage amount of the water-sand mixture increases, each second opening and closing valve 510 is opened, and the water flows through the overflow branch pipes 51 at each overflow port 500 to the overflow water flow collecting box 52 for storage, and the sand deposited at the bottom of the water-sand collecting tank 50 will fall into the sand body collecting box 53 for storage. Before the water flows from the overflow branch pipes 51 at each overflow port 500 to the overflow water flow collecting box 52, it will first be filtered out of the sand in the water through the sand filter box 54, and then flow back to the water supply box 20 for the next water and sand test. The sand deposited at the bottom of the water-sand collecting tank 50 will fall into the sand body collecting box 53, and after drying the water through the drying box 55, it will flow back to the sand storage box 30 for the next water and sand test.

Claims

1. A water-sand motion simulation test device with adjustable impact angle, comprising a transparent simulation water tank (1), a water flow control unit (2) and a sand supply unit (3) connected to the transparent simulation water tank (1), and an angle adjustment unit (4) arranged on the transparent simulation water tank (1); The upper end of the transparent simulated water tank (1) is provided with a sand inlet (10) and a water inlet (11), and the side wall of the transparent simulated water tank (1) is provided with a discharge port (12); The water flow control unit (2) comprises a water supply box (20) connected to the water inlet (11) via a connecting water pipe and provided with a first opening and closing valve (200) at the connection point, a pressurized water pump (21) for connecting the water supply box (20) with an external water source, a pressure gauge (22) provided on the connecting water pipe, and a horizontal flow control cylinder (23) provided in the transparent simulated water tank (1) and connected to the water inlet (11) at one end, wherein a horizontal flow control port (24) is provided on a side wall of the horizontal flow control cylinder (23); The sand supply unit (3) comprises a sand storage box (30) whose bottom end is connected to the sand inlet (10), a sand sifter (31) connected to the sand storage box (30), and a rotating sand control plate (32) hinged at the sand inlet (10) and driven by a hydraulic cylinder (320); The angle adjustment unit (4) comprises an angle adjustment plate (40) arranged at the bottom end of the transparent simulated water tank (1), an adjustment installation box (41) arranged at the front and rear sides of the outer wall of the transparent simulated water tank (1), an adjustment rotating rod (42) which passes through the angle adjustment plate (40) on the side close to the discharge port (12) in the width direction and extends to the two adjustment installation boxes (41) at the front and rear ends respectively, a forward and reverse rotation motor (43) driving the adjustment rotating rod (42) to rotate, and a plurality of adjustment rotating rods (43) arranged at the front and rear sides of the inner wall of the transparent simulated water tank (1) and extending along the angle adjustment plate (40) rotation direction. The invention relates to an arc-shaped limiting groove (430) distributed in the moving direction, a plurality of through limiting holes (44) arranged in the arc-shaped limiting groove (430) from top to bottom, and a plurality of micro hydraulic rods (45) arranged in the adjustment installation box (41) and on the inner wall on the side opposite to each of the through limiting holes (44), wherein the free ends of the micro hydraulic rods (45) extend into the transparent simulated water tank (1) through the through limiting holes (44) and are connected to barrier columns (450), and sliding limiting blocks (400) that can slide along the arc-shaped limiting groove (430) are arranged on the front and rear sides of the angle adjustment plate (40).

2. The water-sand motion simulation test equipment with adjustable impact angle according to claim 1, characterized in that: A rotating flow control piece (230) is provided inside the horizontal flow control tube (23) along the length direction, and the left and right sides of the upper end of the rotating flow control piece (230) are rotatably connected to the left and right sides of the horizontal flow control tube (23) via vertical connecting pieces (231), and a micro drive motor (232) is connected to the center of one of the vertical connecting pieces (231) via a rotating shaft, and the size of the rotating flow control piece (230) is larger than the size of the horizontal flow control port (24).

3. The water-sand motion simulation test equipment with adjustable impact angle according to claim 1, characterized in that: Restriction vertical plates (300) are respectively provided at the front and rear sides of the bottom of the sand storage box (30) and at positions corresponding to the sand inlet (10), and arc-shaped sliding grooves (301) are respectively provided on opposite sides of the two restriction vertical plates (300), and linkage blocks (321) slidably connected to the arc-shaped sliding grooves (301) are respectively provided on both sides of the rotating sand control plate (32).

4. The water-sand motion simulation test equipment with adjustable impact angle according to claim 1, characterized in that: A gradient sand relief assembly (33) is provided at the bottom of the rotating sand control plate (32) and close to the discharge port (12). The gradient sand relief assembly (33) is composed of a plurality of sand relief plates (330) distributed in sequence from top to bottom and connected end to end. Each sand relief plate (330) is provided with a plurality of vertical sand relief grooves (331). The sand relief plate (330) at the top can slide left and right along the bottom of the rotating sand control plate (32).

5. The water-sand motion simulation test equipment with adjustable impact angle according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of arc-shaped limiting grooves (430) are provided on both the front and rear sides of the inner wall of the transparent simulated water tank (1), and the sliding limiting blocks (400) on the front and rear sides of the angle adjustment plate (40) correspond to the arc-shaped limiting grooves (430) one by one and are slidably connected.

6. The water-sand motion simulation test equipment with adjustable impact angle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The discharge port (12) is connected to a water and sand collection unit (5) via a connecting pipe, and a discharge valve (120) is provided at the connection between the water and sand collection unit (5) and the discharge port (12).

7. The water-sand motion simulation test equipment with adjustable impact angle according to claim 6, characterized in that: The water-sand collection unit (5) comprises a water-sand collection trough (50) connected to the discharge port (12) and having a plurality of overflow ports (500) on its side wall from top to bottom, an overflow branch pipe (51) connected to each of the overflow ports (500) and having a second opening and closing valve (510) at the connection point, a water flow collection box (52) connected to each of the overflow branch pipes (51), and a sand body collection box (53) connected to the bottom end of the water-sand collection trough (50).

8. The water-sand motion simulation test equipment with adjustable impact angle according to claim 7, characterized in that: A sand filter box (54) is provided at the connection between the water flow collection box (52) and each of the overflow branch pipes (51); the water flow collection box (52) is connected to the water supply box (20) via a connecting pipe; the bottom end of the sand body collection box (53) is connected to the sand storage box (30) via a connecting pipe and a drying box (55) is provided at the connection.

9. A water-sand movement simulation test method with adjustable impact angle, based on a water-sand movement simulation test device with adjustable impact angle according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1, opening the first opening and closing valve (200) on the water pipe connecting the water supply box (20) and the transparent simulated water tank (1), starting the pressurized water pump (21), introducing water into the horizontal flow control cylinder (23), and the water flows through the horizontal flow control port (24) on the horizontal flow control cylinder (23) and is evenly sprayed onto the angle adjustment plate (40) in the horizontal direction; S2, starting the hydraulic cylinder (320) to drive the rotating sand control plate (32) to rotate, so that the sand inlet (10) is opened, and the sand in the sand storage box (30) is evenly sprayed onto the angle adjustment plate (40) through the sand inlet (10); S3, using the forward and reverse rotation motor (43) to drive the adjustment rotating rod (42) to rotate, changing the angle of the angle adjustment plate (40), simulating the movement of water and sand under different terrains or water flow impact angles. When the rotation angle of the angle adjustment plate (40) is fixed, the blocking column (450) is extended through the limiting hole (44) into the transparent simulated water tank (1) through the extension effect of the micro hydraulic rod (45), and is located at the bottom end of the angle adjustment plate (40) to provide additional support and restriction to it; S4. A plurality of measuring points are set in the transparent simulated water tank (1). When the angle of the adjusting plate (40) is adjusted, the changes in the water flow velocity and flow direction at each flow velocity measurement point are measured using an ADV. By comparing the measurement data at each angle, the influence of the angle change on the water and sand flow velocity and flow direction is analyzed. At the same time, the sand is photographed using a high-speed camera to analyze the changes in the starting, transport and deposition position of the sand at each angle of the adjusting plate (40).

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