A detection system and method for sand lysimeter

Abstract

The present invention discloses a sand lysimeter detection system and method, belonging to the technical field of sand lysimeters. The system comprises a collection module, an analysis module, a calculation module, and an output module. The collection module uses a sensor on an outer tube to obtain the mass of the inner tube and the soil column within the barrel; a sensor in a water receiving basin obtains the mass of the water in the water receiving basin; the analysis module performs anomaly analysis on the sensor quality data and marks abnormal quality data; the calculation module calculates evaporation based on the measurement interval selected by human-computer interaction; and the output module outputs the evaporation as the sand lysimeter detection result. This system can effectively identify abnormal data caused by wind and sand interference, mark and adjust it, and prevent abnormal values from causing deviations in evaporation calculations.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of sand lysimeters, and in particular to a detection system and method for a sand lysimeter. Background Art

[0002] In arid and semi-arid regions, water scarcity has become a key constraint to sustainable agricultural development. Understanding soil water migration, particularly evaporation and infiltration, is crucial for developing effective water-saving irrigation strategies, improving soil structure, and enhancing farmland water use efficiency. Lysimeters, as essential tools for studying soil water dynamics, are widely used in fields such as soil physics, ecohydrology, and environmental science.

[0003] Traditional lysimeters are mostly used in humid areas. Their structure and measurement methods are often difficult to adapt to the complex and changeable climatic conditions and wind and sand disturbances in sandy environments, which in turn affects the continuity and accuracy of the data. Especially in sandy ecosystems, evaporation is significantly affected by factors such as temperature, wind speed, and soil texture. How to obtain real and reliable evaporation data under natural conditions remains a technical difficulty in current research. In addition, existing detection methods are susceptible to external interference during long-term operation, such as wind and sand intrusion, water droplet splashing, etc., which leads to distortion of sensor data and lack of effective anomaly identification and automatic correction mechanisms. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a lysimeter monitoring system that is more suitable for sandy environments to improve the accuracy and stability of data acquisition. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the above-mentioned problems, the present invention is proposed.

[0005] Therefore, the technical problem solved by the present invention is: how to identify anomalies in sandy land evaporation data and accurately calculate evaporation in response to wind and sand interference.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, a detection method of sand lysimeter is proposed, which includes: acquisition module, analysis module, calculation module and output module;

[0007] The acquisition module obtains the mass of the inner cylinder and the soil column in the bucket through the sensor on the outer cylinder; and obtains the mass of the water in the water receiving basin through the sensor on the water receiving basin;

[0008] The analysis module performs abnormal analysis on the quality data of the sensor and marks the abnormal quality data for reminding the user of the data quality when selecting the measurement interval;

[0009] The calculation module calculates the evaporation amount according to the metering interval selection of human-computer interaction;

[0010] The output module outputs the evaporation amount as the detection result of the sand lysimeter.

[0011] As a preferred solution of the detection system of a sand lysimeter described in the present invention, wherein: the sand lysimeter is composed of three parts: an outer cylinder, an inner cylinder and a water receiving basin;

[0012] The outer cylinder is equipped with a mass sensor, and the inner cylinder is supported by a slot and suspended above the water basin;

[0013] The inner tube is equipped with soil columns; the outer tube is equipped with a rain shield, which is higher than the outer tube wall and slopes outwards;

[0014] The inner tube is placed in the outer tube, and the top of the inner tube is flush with the rain shield.

[0015] Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for detecting a sand lysimeter, comprising: obtaining the mass of the inner cylinder and the soil column in the barrel through a sensor on the outer cylinder; obtaining the mass of the water in the water receiving basin through a sensor in the water receiving basin;

[0016] Perform abnormal analysis on the sensor's quality data and mark abnormal quality data to remind users of data quality when selecting the measurement interval;

[0017] Calculate the evaporation amount based on the measurement interval selection of human-computer interaction;

[0018] The evaporation amount is output as the detection result of the sand lysimeter.

[0019] As a preferred embodiment of the detection method of the sand lysimeter of the present invention, when the sand lysimeter is buried, a supporting device is arranged around the burying position;

[0020] The supporting device includes, through preliminary experiments, obtaining a sand control and fixation plan that can minimize the impact on the experimental data of the lysimeter;

[0021] The sand prevention and fixation scheme includes: method one: inserting the tamarisk sand barrier vertically around the lysimeter; method two: placing the tamarisk sand barrier directly around the lysimeter without inserting it into the soil; method three: cutting the soft rubber hollow mat made of PVC into three circles that are 1 times, 2 times, and 3 times larger than the radius of the lysimeter, respectively, and stacking them on top of the lysimeter in sequence, and cutting the position of the lysimeter in the middle to expose the lysimeter.

[0022] As a preferred embodiment of the detection method of the sand lysimeter of the present invention, the abnormality analysis includes assuming that the mass of the inner cylinder, the soil column in the barrel, and the mass in the water receiving basin all change in a step-like manner; and during the observation period, the speed of the mass change shows a trend of first fast and then slow;

[0023] Among them, the mass change of the inner barrel together with the soil column in the barrel changes continuously between the gradients;

[0024] The anomaly is analyzed based on the synchronization of the mass changes of the inner tube and the soil column in the bucket and the mass changes in the water receiving basin.

[0025] As a preferred embodiment of the detection method of the sand lysimeter of the present invention, when the mass of the inner cylinder and the soil column in the barrel increases, it is determined to be a normal abnormality, and the increased mass value is recorded as the abnormal part;

[0026] The synchronization includes calculating the actual change in total mass between the current moment and the previous moment when the mass of the barrel and the soil column in the barrel decreases gradually. ;like or , it is determined to be a synchronization anomaly, and the abnormal part is passed express:

[0027]

[0028] in, It represents the mass of the inner tube and the soil column in the bucket at the previous moment. Indicates the mass of the inner tube and the soil column in the bucket at the current moment. It represents the mass in the water basin at the previous moment, Indicates the mass in the water basin at the current moment, Indicates the predicted evaporation rate at the current moment; Indicates the minimum deviation of the evaporation rate prediction value in the historical records; Indicates the maximum deviation of the evaporation rate prediction value in the historical records;

[0029] The calculation process specifically includes:

[0030] In the mass change curve of the inner tube and the soil column in the bucket, remove the mass data at all gradient change moments to obtain the segments with continuous changes between each gradient;

[0031] Establish a two-dimensional coordinate system, including the time axis and the mass axis;

[0032] On the timeline, fix the first segment and translate the other segments up and down. Assume that the end of segment 1 is point P, the beginning of segment 2 is point Q, and segment 1 is the previous segment of segment 2. By translating segment 2, connect points P and Q so that the smoothness of the connection between points P and Q is maximized.

[0033] After translating all segments in sequence, the prediction curve is obtained;

[0034] In a two-dimensional coordinate system, The corresponding time interval is locked, and the mass change within the interval is used as The calculation results of

[0035] The length of the time interval is equal to the time interval of sensor sampling.

[0036] As a preferred embodiment of the detection method of the sand lysimeter of the present invention, the marking of abnormal quality data includes visualizing the recorded data, and at each recording moment, for the mass of the inner barrel and the soil column in the barrel: if the mass change between the previous moment and the current moment is abnormal, the mass at the current moment is marked and the abnormal part is recorded;

[0037] When selecting a metering interval, if there is a mark within the selected metering interval, the user will be reminded that the data quality is poor; if there is no mark within the selected metering interval, no reminder will be issued to the user, and the default data quality will be excellent.

[0038] As a preferred embodiment of the detection method of the sand lysimeter of the present invention, the calculation of the evaporation includes selecting the start and end times of the measurement interval through human-computer interaction, obtaining the masses at the start and end times in the two-dimensional coordinate system of the prediction curve, and subtracting the masses at the start and end times to obtain the evaporation within the measurement interval;

[0039] If daily evaporation is selected, the evaporation from the current time to the previous 24 hours will be obtained.

[0040] A computer device includes a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and is characterized in that the processor implements the steps of the detection method of a sand lysimeter when executing the computer program.

[0041] A computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program thereon, characterized in that when the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the detection method of a sand lysimeter are implemented.

[0042] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: by acquiring the quality data of the inner tube and the water receiving basin through the acquisition module, and identifying the regularity of the quality change in combination with the analysis module, it is possible to effectively judge the abnormal data caused by wind and sand interference, and mark and adjust it to avoid the deviation of the evaporation calculation caused by abnormal values. At the same time, the introduction of the evaporation rate prediction mechanism enables the system to have the adaptive recognition ability of abnormal data, thereby improving the accuracy and credibility of the evaporation data. In addition, the metering interval is selected through human-computer interaction, which facilitates the user to flexibly obtain the evaporation data of the required time period and improves the convenience of use. The present invention has a simple structure and strong adaptability. It is particularly suitable for soil moisture monitoring in special environments such as drought and sandy land, and has good promotion and application value. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0043] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0044] Figure 1 The present invention provides an overall flow chart of a detection method for a sand lysimeter according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0045] Figure 2 This is an equipment diagram of method three in a supporting device for a sand lysimeter detection method provided by one embodiment of the present invention.

[0046] Figure 3 This is an equipment diagram of method 1 in a supporting device for a sand lysimeter detection method provided by one embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] To make the above-mentioned objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the following detailed description of the specific embodiments of the present invention is given in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It is obvious that the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary persons in this field without creative work should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0048] Example 1 is the first embodiment of the present invention, which provides a detection system for a sand lysimeter, including: an acquisition module, an analysis module, a calculation module, and an output module.

[0049] The collection module obtains the mass of the inner cylinder and the soil column in the barrel through the sensor on the outer cylinder; and obtains the mass of the water in the water receiving basin through the sensor of the water receiving basin.

[0050] The analysis module performs abnormal analysis on the quality data of the sensor and marks the abnormal quality data for providing a reminder on the data quality when selecting the measurement interval.

[0051] The calculation module calculates the evaporation amount according to the metering interval selection of human-computer interaction.

[0052] The output module outputs the evaporation amount as the detection result of the sand lysimeter.

[0053] The sand land lysimeter consists of three parts: an outer cylinder, an inner cylinder and a water receiving basin.

[0054] The outer cylinder is equipped with a mass sensor, and the inner cylinder is supported by a slot and suspended above the water basin.

[0055] The inner tube is equipped with earth columns; the outer tube is provided with a rain shield which is higher than the outer tube wall and slopes outwards.

[0056] The inner tube is placed in the outer tube, and the top of the inner tube is flush with the rain shield.

[0057] Example 2, reference Figure 1 , which is a second embodiment of the present invention, provides a sand lysimeter detection method, comprising:

[0058] When the sand lysimeter is buried, supporting devices are arranged around the burying position.

[0059] The supporting device includes a sand control and fixation scheme that can minimize the impact on lysimeter experimental data, obtained through preliminary experiments. The sand control and fixation scheme includes the following methods: Method 1: Inserting a Salix psammophila sand barrier vertically around the lysimeter; Method 2: Placing the Salix psammophila sand barrier directly around the lysimeter without inserting it into the soil; Method 3: Cutting a PVC soft rubber hollow mat into three circular shapes, one, two, and three times larger than the radius of the lysimeter, stacked on top of the lysimeter, and cutting the middle lysimeter open to reveal the lysimeter.

[0060] S1: The mass of the inner tube and the soil column in the bucket is obtained through the sensor on the outer tube; the mass of the water in the water basin is obtained through the sensor on the water basin.

[0061] S2: Perform abnormal analysis on the quality data of the sensor and mark the abnormal quality data to provide data quality reminders when selecting the measurement interval.

[0062] Assume that the mass of the inner cylinder, the soil column within the bucket, and the mass within the water basin all change in a step-like manner. During the observation period, the speed of mass change shows a trend of first increasing rapidly and then decreasing. The mass change of the inner cylinder and the soil column within the bucket varies continuously between the gradients. Anomalies are analyzed based on the synchronization of the mass changes of the inner cylinder and the soil column within the bucket with the mass changes of the water basin.

[0063] Furthermore, the assumption that both the mass of the inner tube and the soil column inside the bucket and the mass of the water collection basin change in a step-by-step manner, with a trend of first increasing rapidly and then decreasing during the observation period, is based on the following comprehensive considerations of scientific and experimental laws:

[0064] 1. The evaporation process of water in the soil column is usually divided into three stages:

[0065] Stage 1 (rapid evaporation): Surface moisture is abundant, evaporation relies primarily on atmospheric forces, and the evaporation rate is high. Stage 2 (slowing evaporation): As surface moisture decreases, capillary water supply capacity decreases, and the evaporation rate gradually slows. Stage 3 (slowing evaporation): As the soil dries out, water migration becomes difficult, and evaporation becomes stable or even very low.

[0066] Therefore, from the perspective of mass, the mass decrease rate (i.e., evaporation) of the inner tube soil column shows a trend of first fast and then slow, and the slope of the corresponding mass change curve gradually decreases.

[0067] 2. The behavior of water leakage into the water basin is also staged:

[0068] Because seepage is a process of water moving downward layer by layer, the mass of the water collection basin (i.e., the accumulated mass of the seepage water) also changes in a similar rhythm: initially, there is more seepage, and the mass increases rapidly. As the soil column dries, the seepage rate slows, and the mass change in the water collection basin slows. This exhibits a step-like increase, but the rate of increase gradually decreases.

[0069] Furthermore, if the actual data characteristics do not meet this assumption, a neural network is required to process the data. In this embodiment, a transformer-structured temporal convolutional network (TCN) is used. Compared to traditional temporal networks such as LSTM / GRU, TCN, based on one-dimensional convolution operations, can process the entire sequence in parallel, achieving higher computational efficiency and avoiding the vanishing gradient problem. Using convolution kernels with different receptive fields, TCN can accurately capture sudden changes, stable segments, and transitions in the data, making it ideally suited for the quality image data processing of the "breakpoint-slow-change-jump" nature of the present invention. TCN utilizes causal convolution to ensure that the model only uses past and current information to predict the current state, without incorporating future information, consistent with the unidirectional nature of evaporation and leakage processes. By superimposing multiple layers of convolution, the original quality change image undergoes a structural "fitting reconstruction," outputting a smooth prediction curve with "step-wise" characteristics, which serves as a benchmark image for anomaly analysis and trend comparison.

[0070] When the mass of the inner tube and the soil column within the bucket increases, it is considered a normal anomaly, and the increased mass value is recorded as the abnormal part. Synchronicity includes when the mass of the tube and the soil column within the bucket decreases gradually. There are two cases: 1. The mass in the water collection basin does not increase gradually (this means that only the mass at the top has changed, not the bottom). 2. Both the top and bottom have changed, but the change at the top is too large or too small, resulting in asymmetry with the analysis results below (for example, a particle is blown away at the top, while a drop of water is collected at the bottom).

[0071] Calculate the actual change in total mass between the current moment and the previous moment ;like (For example, a particle is blown onto the inner cylinder, and the mass of the blown particle is less than the mass of the falling water droplet at this time) or (For example, if a particle is blown away), it is considered as a synchronization anomaly, and the abnormal part passes express:

[0072]

[0073] in, It represents the mass of the inner tube and the soil column in the bucket at the previous moment. Indicates the mass of the inner tube and the soil column in the bucket at the current moment. It represents the mass in the water basin at the previous moment, Indicates the mass in the water basin at the current moment, Indicates the predicted evaporation rate at the current moment; Indicates the minimum deviation of the evaporation rate prediction value in the historical records; Indicates the maximum deviation of the evaporation rate prediction value in the historical records.

[0074] It should be noted that in the actual operating environment, external disturbances (such as wind, particle blowing, animal interference, etc.) may cause: the upper mass (inner tube) to decrease (such as particles being blown away); the lower mass (water basin) to increase at the same time (such as water dripping in).

[0075] However, such events should not be misinterpreted by the system as normal evaporation-seepage. Therefore, by determining whether the upper and lower levels change simultaneously and whether the magnitude of the changes is significantly mismatched, this "false synchronization" phenomenon can be effectively identified, preventing the misinterpretation of interference data as true evaporation-seepage processes.

[0076] This approach leverages the implicit premise of total mass conservation: under ideal conditions without abnormal interference, the total mass change between the inner drum and the water collection basin should approximately equal the actual evaporation rate. If the observed total mass change differs significantly from the predicted evaporation rate, and the direction or magnitude of the change is anomalous (e.g., an increase followed by a decrease, or a significant mismatch in magnitude), it can be identified as a synchronous anomaly. This approach avoids overgeneralizing and overlooking complex disturbances.

[0077] To avoid misjudgments caused by "pure difference logic", the present invention introduces the evaporation rate prediction value and its historical deviation range (minimum value / maximum value), thereby achieving: intelligent comparison of "total mass change" and "evaporation trend"; using the historical model to reversely infer whether the current fluctuation deviates from the reasonable range; if the fluctuation falls outside the deviation, it is judged as abnormal; this reflects the intelligent and adaptive judgment mechanism in the invention design, which is more scientific and reliable than the traditional fixed threshold method.

[0078] The calculation process specifically includes:

[0079] In the mass change curve of the inner tube and the soil column in the barrel, the mass data at all gradient change moments are removed to obtain segments with continuous changes between each gradient.

[0080] Establish a two-dimensional coordinate system, including the time axis and the mass axis.

[0081] On the timeline, fix the first segment and translate the other segments up and down; assume that the end of segment 1 is point P, the beginning of segment 2 is point Q, and segment 1 is the previous segment of segment 2; by translating segment 2, connect points P and Q so that the smoothness of the connection between points P and Q is maximized.

[0082] After translating all segments in sequence, the prediction curve is obtained.

[0083] In a two-dimensional coordinate system, The corresponding time interval is locked, and the mass change within the interval is used as The calculation results of .

[0084] The length of the time interval is equal to the time interval of sensor sampling.

[0085] In a mass change curve, so-called "gradient change moments" often represent data jumps caused by sudden anomalies (such as falling particles), which can easily obscure the true evaporation trend. Removing these sudden changes and retaining only the segments with continuous, slow changes between each segment helps to "restore" the true evaporation behavior from the perturbed data. Furthermore, when water leaks downward from the barrel, it cannot be a gas as it evaporates. Leaking water also gathers into droplets before falling. As these droplets fall, they are also captured by high-precision sensors and appear as a gradient. By eliminating all gradient factors, the result is the mass evaporated as a gas.

[0086] Each continuous variation segment is aligned by shifting it up and down in a two-dimensional time-mass coordinate system. By maximizing smoothness between adjacent segments at their junctions (P, Q), the segments are fitted into a single, continuous, smooth curve. This curve represents the ideal evaporation trend prediction curve after "anomaly removal + trend alignment," providing a baseline for subsequent anomaly assessment. Compared to directly identifying trends on the original curve, this method transforms discrete curve segments into a structured shift alignment process. Using a unified alignment rule (P versus Q), a logically clear, stable, and reliable trend model is established, improving the computational accuracy and consistency of evaporation rate predictions. Once the prediction curve is constructed, the predicted mass change within the time interval corresponding to the current moment (equal to the sampling interval) is obtained as the "evaporation rate prediction value." This method is more flexible, intuitive, and visual than fitting formulas or fixed models, making it suitable for prediction needs under variable natural conditions.

[0087] The final prediction curve can be used to compare with the actual mass change curve. If the mass change at a certain actual sampling point is far away from the prediction curve, it can be identified as an anomaly, which helps to accurately identify abnormal behaviors such as falling sand and stone particles and wind disturbances.

[0088] In this embodiment, the smoothness determination process includes determining the smoothness of the prediction curve using a pre-trained discriminator, and sequentially fixing segments in the time series until each segment is smooth.

[0089] A pre-trained discriminator model, trained on a large number of historical real-world evaporation trend curves, has been introduced. This model is capable of determining whether a mass change curve is sufficiently smooth. The discriminator's input is each pair of concatenated segments (the first segment is fixed in position, the second is not). The output is a smoothness evaluation score. When the score is maximized, the second segment is fixed, and so on.

[0090] The recorded data is visualized. At each recording moment, the mass of the inner barrel and the soil column within it is displayed. If the mass change between the previous moment and the current moment is abnormal, the current moment's mass is marked and the abnormal part is recorded. When selecting a measurement interval, if a mark exists within the selected measurement interval, the user is notified that the data quality is poor. If no mark exists within the selected measurement interval, no user is notified and the data quality is assumed to be excellent.

[0091] It should be noted that in actual measurement, the "mass of the inner tube and the soil column in the barrel" is weighed at the start and end times, and the volume of the leaked water in the water basin is measured. The evaporation amount is obtained by subtracting the weight difference between the start and end times from the weight of the leaked water during the period. This measured value is usually used to verify the calculated value of evaporation (the output result of this solution). If there is no mark of an abnormal part in a time interval, the measured value should be approximately equal to the calculated value. If the difference is too large, it means that the calculation accuracy is not enough and needs to be adjusted. The fitting process is readjusted.

[0092] It's also important to note that marking an abnormal portion indicates that the data in that portion is "unusable." The abnormal portion must be submitted to manual processing. Generally, when an abnormal portion occurs, data from that time period will not be included in evaporation calculations or measurements. When selecting a measurement time interval, the time interval cannot contain abnormal portion markings. If an abnormal portion is marked within the selected time interval, and the user accepts a certain degree of "inaccuracy," the calculated value can be output; however, the evaporation measurement value within that time interval cannot be used to negate the calculated value.

[0093] S3: Calculate the evaporation amount based on the metering interval selected by human-computer interaction.

[0094] Furthermore, through human-computer interaction, the start and end times of the measurement interval are selected. The mass at the start and end times is obtained in the two-dimensional coordinate system of the prediction curve. The mass difference between the start and end times is then used to determine the evaporation within the measurement interval. If daily evaporation is selected, the measurement interval is from the current time to the preceding 24 hours. This selection of the measurement interval allows researchers to measure daily, weekly, monthly, or any other period of evaporation. This has significant research implications for analyzing vegetation growth and other aspects.

[0095] It is worth mentioning that by visually displaying the quality data at each recorded moment, users can intuitively view the quality change curve and quickly identify possible jump points on the image. The system automatically determines whether the quality changes at adjacent moments are abnormal in the background and marks them on the graph. This design realizes graphical prompts and tracking of abnormal points, which is convenient for users to understand and verify. After selecting the time interval on the graphical interface, the system can automatically extract the quality data of the starting and ending points in the two-dimensional coordinate system, perform difference operations, and calculate the evaporation amount. By combining the visual "click-compare-calculate" process, the error calculation caused by the mixing of abnormal data is avoided, ensuring the scientificity and effectiveness of the evaporation amount.

[0096] For research needs that require daily-scale analysis, the system provides a convenient measurement method that automatically "traces back 24 hours" to quickly output daily evaporation data, facilitating horizontal comparison and analysis in different time periods, different devices or different test conditions.

[0097] S4: Outputting the evaporation amount as a detection result of the sand lysimeter.

[0098] Example 3 is the third embodiment of the present invention, which differs from the first two embodiments in that:

[0099] If the functions are implemented as software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, or the portion that contributes to the prior art, or the portion of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions for causing a computer device (which can be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in various embodiments of the present invention. The aforementioned storage media include various media that can store program code, such as USB flash drives, mobile hard drives, read-only memories (ROMs), random access memories (RAMs), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0100] The logic and / or steps represented in the flowcharts or otherwise described herein, for example, can be considered as a sequenced list of executable instructions for implementing the logical functions, and can be embodied in any computer-readable medium for use by, or in conjunction with, an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device (e.g., a computer-based system, a system including a processor, or other system that can fetch and execute instructions from an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device). For purposes of this specification, a "computer-readable medium" can be any device that can contain, store, communicate, propagate, or transport a program for use by, or in conjunction with, an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.

[0101] More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of computer-readable media include the following: an electrical connection with one or more wires (electronic devices), a portable computer disk cartridge (magnetic devices), a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable and programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), an optical fiber device, and a portable compact disc read-only memory (CDROM). In addition, the computer-readable medium may even be paper or other suitable medium on which the program is printed, since the program may be obtained electronically, for example, by optically scanning the paper or other medium, and then editing, interpreting, or processing in another suitable manner as necessary, and then storing it in a computer memory.

[0102] It should be understood that various components of the present invention may be implemented using hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof. In the aforementioned embodiments, multiple steps or methods may be implemented using software or firmware stored in a memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system. For example, if implemented using hardware, as in another embodiment, any one or combination of the following technologies known in the art may be used: a discrete logic circuit having logic gate circuits for implementing logic functions on data signals, an application-specific integrated circuit having suitable combinational logic gate circuits, a programmable gate array (PGA), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), etc.

[0103] Example 4, reference Figure 2 and Figure 3 , which is the fourth embodiment of the present invention, provides a detection method for a sand lysimeter, including.

[0104] Understory evapotranspiration (including evaporation from soil, litter, and understory vegetation) was measured using a custom-made micro-lysimeter. The lysimeter consists of an outer cylinder (20.5 cm diameter, 40 cm height), an inner cylinder (20 cm diameter, 35 cm height), and a water collection basin (19.5 cm diameter, 10 cm height). For installation, a soil column with the same diameter and height as the inner cylinder was dug (minimizing damage to the column structure). The inner cylinder was then inserted into the column, and both the inner cylinder and the column were removed and replaced with the bottom cover. The outer cylinder was then buried in the original pit, and the water collection basin and the inner cylinder with the soil column were returned to the outer cylinder. Three lysimeters were randomly placed in each plot.

[0105] In case of rainfall, the evapotranspiration under the forest is considered to be 0 during the rainfall, and additional measurements are carried out after the rainfall stops.

[0106] The average value of all lysimeter measurements in the sample plot was taken as the evapotranspiration of the forest floor (E, mm).

[0107] Since the study area is located in the Maowusu Desert, the special soil conditions and climate characteristics of the region lead to high wind speeds and low vegetation coverage in the area all year round. After installing the homemade lysimeter, the experimental data did not conform to the actual situation. After repeated tests, it was found that the reason was that the flowing sand next to the lysimeter was blown into the lysimeter, resulting in high test data. In order to prevent the influence of quicksand on lysimeter data, we set up a supporting device on the basis of the original lysimeter to prevent the surrounding quicksand from being blown into the lysimeter by the wind. Figure 3 Method 1: Insert the Salix psammophila sand barrier vertically around the lysimeter; Method 2: Place the Salix psammophila sand barrier directly around the lysimeter without inserting it into the soil to prevent interference with the lysimeter data. Figure 2 : Cut the soft rubber leather of PVC material (similar to diamond / square hollow mat) into circles 1 times, 2 times, and 3 times larger than the radius of the lysimeter, cut the position of the middle lysimeter to expose the lysimeter, compare the data, and determine the sand prevention and fixation auxiliary device with the least impact on the lysimeter test data.

[0108] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention may be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which should all be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A detection system for a sand lysimeter, characterized by: Including acquisition module, analysis module, calculation module and output module; The acquisition module obtains the mass of the inner cylinder and the soil column in the bucket through the sensor on the outer cylinder; and obtains the mass of the water in the water receiving basin through the sensor on the water receiving basin; The analysis module performs abnormal analysis on the quality data of the sensor and marks the abnormal quality data for reminding the user of the data quality when selecting the measurement interval; The calculation module calculates the evaporation amount according to the metering interval selection of human-computer interaction; The output module outputs the evaporation amount as the detection result of the sand lysimeter; When the sand lysimeter is buried, supporting devices are arranged around the burying position; The supporting device includes, through preliminary experiments, obtaining a sand control and fixation plan that can minimize the impact on the experimental data of the lysimeter; The sand control and fixation scheme includes the following methods: Method 1: inserting a Salix psammophila sand barrier vertically around the lysimeter; Method 2: placing the Salix psammophila sand barrier directly around the lysimeter without inserting it into the soil; Method 3: cutting a PVC soft rubber hollow mat into three circular shapes that are 1, 2, and 3 times larger than the radius of the lysimeter, stacking them on top of the lysimeter in sequence, and cutting open the middle lysimeter position to expose the lysimeter; The abnormal analysis includes assuming that the mass of the inner tube, the soil column in the barrel, and the mass in the water basin all change in a step-like manner; and during the observation period, the speed of the mass change shows a trend of first fast and then slow; Among them, the mass change of the inner barrel together with the soil column in the barrel changes continuously between the gradients; Analyze the anomaly based on the synchronization of the mass changes of the inner tube and the soil column in the bucket and the mass changes in the water receiving basin; When the mass of the inner tube and the soil column in the bucket increases, it is determined to be a normal abnormality, and the increased mass value is recorded as the abnormal part; The synchronization includes calculating the actual change in total mass between the current moment and the previous moment when the mass of the barrel and the soil column in the barrel decreases gradually. ;like or It is judged as synchronization abnormality, and the abnormal part passes express: in, It represents the mass of the inner tube and the soil column in the bucket at the previous moment. Indicates the mass of the inner tube and the soil column in the bucket at the current moment. It represents the mass in the water basin at the previous moment, Indicates the mass in the water basin at the current moment, Indicates the predicted evaporation rate at the current moment; Indicates the minimum deviation of the evaporation rate prediction value in the historical records; Indicates the maximum deviation of the evaporation rate prediction value in the historical records; The calculation process specifically includes: In the mass change curve of the inner tube and the soil column in the bucket, remove the mass data at all gradient change moments to obtain the segments with continuous changes between each gradient; Establish a two-dimensional coordinate system, including the time axis and the mass axis; On the timeline, fix the first segment and translate the other segments up and down. Assume that the end of segment 1 is point P, the beginning of segment 2 is point Q, and segment 1 is the previous segment of segment 2. By translating segment 2, connect points P and Q so that the smoothness of the connection between points P and Q is maximized. After translating all segments in sequence, the prediction curve is obtained; In a two-dimensional coordinate system, The corresponding time interval is locked, and the mass change within the interval is used as The calculation results of The length of the time interval is equal to the time interval of sensor sampling.

2. The detection system for a sand lysimeter according to claim 1, wherein: The sand lysimeter consists of three parts: an outer cylinder, an inner cylinder and a water receiving basin; The outer cylinder is equipped with a mass sensor, and the inner cylinder is supported by a slot and suspended above the water basin; The inner tube is equipped with soil columns; the outer tube is equipped with a rain shield, which is higher than the outer tube wall and slopes outwards; The inner tube is placed in the outer tube, and the top of the inner tube is flush with the rain shield.

3. A sand lysimeter detection method, applied to a sand lysimeter detection system according to any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that: The sensor on the outer tube obtains the mass of the inner tube and the soil column in the bucket; the sensor on the water basin obtains the mass of the water in the water basin; Perform abnormal analysis on the sensor's quality data and mark abnormal quality data to remind users of data quality when selecting the measurement interval; Calculate the evaporation amount based on the measurement interval selection of human-computer interaction; The evaporation amount is output as the detection result of the sand lysimeter.

4. The detection method of a sand lysimeter according to claim 3, wherein: The marking of abnormal quality data includes visualizing the recorded data, and at each recording moment, for the mass of the inner barrel and the soil column in the barrel: if the mass change between the previous moment and the current moment is abnormal, the mass at the current moment is marked and the abnormal part is recorded; When selecting a measurement interval, if there is a mark within the selected measurement interval, the user will be reminded that the data quality is poor; If there is no mark in the selected measurement interval, no reminder is given to the user and the data quality is assumed to be excellent.

5. The detection method of a sand lysimeter according to claim 4, characterized in that: The calculation of the evaporation amount includes selecting the start and end times of the measurement interval through human-computer interaction, obtaining the masses at the start and end times in the two-dimensional coordinate system of the prediction curve, and subtracting the masses at the start and end times to obtain the evaporation amount within the measurement interval; If daily evaporation is selected, the evaporation from the current time to the previous 24 hours will be obtained.

6. A computer device comprising a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, wherein: When the processor executes the computer program, the processor implements the steps of a detection method for a sand lysimeter according to any one of claims 3 to 5.

7. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that: When the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the detection method of a sand lysimeter according to any one of claims 3 to 5 are implemented.

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