Virtual power plant construction method, device, equipment, medium and program

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of electric power systems, in particular to a virtual power plant construction method, device, equipment, medium and program, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining the basic operation cost of a real user and the basic operation cost of a virtual user; simulating a real user to trade the target unit electric quantity to other real users and virtual users, and determining respective actual transaction costs of the real user and the virtual users in the transaction process according to the basic operation cost; calculating a first cost difference value between the real users and a second cost difference value between the real users and the virtual users based on respective actual transaction costs of the real users and the virtual users; and constructing the virtual power plant according to the first cost difference value and the second cost difference value. Therefore, the problems that in the related technology, the calculation efficiency is low due to the fact that the solution dimension of the virtual power plant dynamic construction decision is high, and the operation cost is increased due to the fact that electricity selling of the virtual power plant cannot be accurately calculated are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of power systems, and in particular to a method, device, equipment, medium and program for constructing a virtual power plant. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, with the continuous increase in the penetration rate of distributed energy and the rapid development of energy Internet technology, virtual power plants have provided new ideas for distributed power generation companies to participate in the market. They can not only effectively promote the high proportion of new energy consumption and improve the grid's balancing and regulation capabilities, but also ensure the interests of resource users and increase their enthusiasm for participating in the market. They are becoming an important content and key measure for the construction of new power systems.

[0003] At this stage, with the gradual opening of the electricity market, the need for virtual power plants to participate in competition as market players has become increasingly prominent. The dynamic construction of virtual power plants requires continuous adjustment of internal resource combinations based on actual operating conditions, and the dynamic aggregation of distributed resources through communication and coordination between distributed resource agents.

[0004] In related technologies, the dynamic construction decision of virtual power plants belongs to a large-scale MILP (Mixed-Integer Linear Programming) problem. With each additional end user, the matrix dimensions of the objective function and constraints in the decision model will grow exponentially, and traditional optimization methods cannot solve the problem of the model's computational burden. In addition, traditional optimization methods can only obtain the optimization results of decision variables in the solution set. During the optimization process, the power dispatch between users is still in a black box state, and it is impossible to accurately calculate the increase in operating costs caused by the sale of electricity by virtual power plants, and the interpretability is poor. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present application provides a virtual power plant construction method, device, equipment, medium and program to solve the problems that the solution dimension of the dynamic construction decision of the virtual power plant is high, resulting in low calculation efficiency and the inability to accurately calculate the increase in operating costs caused by the virtual power plant's electricity sales.

[0006] The first aspect of the present application provides a method for constructing a virtual power plant, comprising the following steps: obtaining the basic operating costs of real users and virtual users; simulating the real user to trade the target unit electricity to other real users and the virtual user, and determining the actual transaction costs of the real user and the virtual user during the transaction according to the basic operating costs; calculating the first cost difference between the real users and the second cost difference between the real user and the virtual user based on the actual transaction costs of the real user and the virtual user; and constructing the virtual power plant according to the first cost difference and the second cost difference.

[0007] Optionally, constructing the virtual power plant according to the first cost difference and the second cost difference includes: constructing a plurality of matching pairs according to at least one of the first cost difference and the second cost difference, wherein the matching pairs include matching pairs of real users and real users, and matching pairs of real users and virtual users; screening target matching pairs among the plurality of matching pairs in this round of transaction matching; and determining whether the virtual power plant is successfully constructed according to the target matching pairs.

[0008] Optionally, constructing multiple matching pairs based on the first cost difference and the second cost difference includes: if the first cost difference is greater than or equal to a first pairing threshold, determining that the pairing between the real user and the real user is successful; if the second cost difference is greater than or equal to a second pairing threshold, determining that the pairing between the real user and the virtual user is successful; if the first cost difference is less than the first pairing threshold, and the second cost difference is less than the second pairing threshold, determining that the pairing fails.

[0009] Optionally, determining whether the virtual power plant is successfully constructed based on the target matching pair includes: if there is a virtual member in the target matching pair and the virtual member generates a virtual transaction volume, then the virtual power plant is successfully constructed; otherwise, the construction fails.

[0010] Optionally, the screening of multiple matching pairs as target matching pairs in this round of transaction matching includes: calculating the total operating cost of each matching pair after the transaction; and taking the matching pairs whose total operating costs meet the optimization goals of the virtual power plant as the target matching pairs in this round of transaction matching.

[0011] Optionally, the calculating the total operating cost after each matching pair transaction includes: obtaining the total operating cost of the real user and the operating cost of the virtual user in each matching pair; and calculating the total operating cost after each matching pair transaction based on the total operating cost of the real user and the operating cost of the virtual user.

[0012] The second aspect of the present application provides a virtual power plant construction device, including: an acquisition module, used to obtain the basic operating costs of real users and virtual users; a simulation module, used to simulate the real user trading the target unit electricity to other real users and the virtual user, and determine the actual transaction costs of the real user and the virtual user during the transaction according to the basic operating costs; a calculation module, used to calculate the first cost difference between the real users and the second cost difference between the real user and the virtual user based on the actual transaction costs of the real user and the virtual user; a construction module, used to construct the virtual power plant according to the first cost difference and the second cost difference.

[0013] The third aspect of the present application provides an electronic device, comprising: a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the program to perform the virtual power plant construction method as described in the above embodiment.

[0014] The fourth aspect of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which is executed by a processor to perform the virtual power plant construction method as described in the above embodiment.

[0015] The fifth aspect of the present application provides a computer program product, including a computer program or instructions, which, when executed, implement the virtual power plant construction method as described in the above embodiments.

[0016] Therefore, this application has at least the following beneficial effects: (1) In the embodiment of the present application, the power company can be assumed to be a virtual member participating in transaction matching, and the sent and received electricity of the simulated matching can be guaranteed to be the same. The virtual transaction is carried out with the target unit electricity, and the actual transaction costs of the real user and the virtual user during the transaction are calculated. The first cost difference between the real users and the second cost difference between the real users and the virtual users are calculated based on the actual transaction costs of the real user and the virtual user. A virtual power plant is constructed according to the first cost difference and the second cost difference, so that the user can more intuitively determine the cost difference of each simulated matching. The solvability of the virtual power plant construction strategy can be analyzed based on the cost difference brought by the virtual transaction as the matching basis, and whether the virtual power plant has achieved construction consistency can be determined based on the matching results of the virtual members, thereby solving the traditional optimization "black box" problem.

[0017] (2) The embodiments of the present application can simulate real users trading target units of electricity to other real users and virtual users, decomposing the global optimization into local iterative matching, avoiding solving high-dimensional models at one time, and reducing computational complexity.

[0018] (3) The embodiments of the present application can accelerate convergence based on the selective update mechanism of user information, that is, in each round of update, only the marginal cost of users who successfully matched in the previous round is updated instead of the full amount of data, thereby reducing the number of objective function calls, improving computing efficiency, and effectively improving the scalability of transaction matching strategies and their applicability in actual scenarios.

[0019] Additional aspects and advantages of the present application will be given in part in the description below, and in part will become apparent from the description below, or will be learned through the practice of the present application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present application will become apparent and easily understood from the following description of the embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 A flowchart of a method for constructing a virtual power plant according to an embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 An example diagram of a virtual power plant construction device provided according to an embodiment of the present application; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided according to an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] Embodiments of the present application are described in detail below, and examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are intended to be used to explain the present application, and should not be construed as limiting the present application.

[0022] The following describes the virtual power plant construction method, device, electronic device, storage medium and program of the embodiments of the present application with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0023] Specifically, Figure 1 A flow chart of a method for constructing a virtual power plant provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0024] like Figure 1 As shown, the virtual power plant construction method includes the following steps: In step S101, basic operating costs of real users and virtual users are obtained.

[0025] It is understandable that the embodiment of the present application can obtain the basic operating costs of each real user and virtual user, so as to facilitate the subsequent calculation of the operating cost difference between the real user and the virtual user.

[0026] It should be noted that this application assumes that the power company is a virtual member participating in the virtual transaction, and the distributed resource users or end users are assumed to be real users participating in the virtual transaction, where the distributed resource users may include distributed power generation facilities (such as rooftop photovoltaic power stations, small wind turbines, biomass power generation devices, micro hydroelectric generators, gas turbines, diesel generators, etc.), energy storage systems, power grids, etc., without specific limitation.

[0027] Specifically, the independent operating cost of resource users aggregated by the virtual power plant is used as the benchmark to calculate the operating cost of each distributed resource user and virtual member, and use it as the cost baseline value. Among them, the operating cost baseline value of each distributed resource user can be obtained based on the objective function calculation, but since the virtual member does not represent any distributed resources, the power purchase cost will only be incurred when the power purchase behavior occurs, so its cost baseline value is 0.

[0028] The operating cost baseline value of each distributed resource user can be obtained based on the objective function calculation formula: ; in, is the operating cost of the ith real user, is the time-of-use electricity price at time t, is the net load at time t, which is related to the charging and discharging behavior of distributed energy storage; is a variable, Penalty price for the contract, is the contract power, TOU energy cost is the time-of-use electricity price cost, and Contract penalty cost is the contract breach cost.

[0029] In step S102, a real user is simulated to trade the target unit electricity to other real users and virtual users, and the actual transaction costs of the real user and the virtual user during the transaction are determined according to the basic operating costs.

[0030] It can be understood that the embodiments of the present application can simulate real users trading target units of electricity to other real users and virtual users, determine the actual transaction costs of real users and virtual users during the transaction according to the basic operating costs, decompose the global optimization into local iterative matching, avoid solving high-dimensional models at one time, and reduce computational complexity.

[0031] It should be noted that in order to ensure that the sent and received electricity amounts are the same in each simulated match, it is assumed that virtual transactions are conducted between distributed resource users and virtual members at a fixed unit electricity amount (fixed step length); since both real users and virtual users will generate virtual operating costs after the virtual transactions, the actual transaction costs incurred during the transaction can be determined based on the difference between the virtual operating costs and the basic operating costs.

[0032] Specifically, when a real user receives electricity at a certain moment, its net load will be reduced by one step. The reduced net load will be substituted into the objective function to calculate the virtual operating cost after the transaction. The operating cost difference after the user receives the unit electricity is calculated based on the basic operating cost and the virtual operating cost, that is, the actual transaction cost, and the operating cost of the user receiving electricity will be reduced.

[0033] When a real user delivers electricity at a certain moment, its net load will increase by one step. The increased net load will be brought into the objective function to calculate the virtual operating cost after the transaction. The operating cost difference after the real user delivers unit electricity, that is, the actual transaction cost, is calculated based on the basic operating cost and the virtual operating cost. The operating cost of distributed resource users will increase.

[0034] Virtual members do not act as agents for distributed power generation and do not have the ability to supply electricity to users. They only represent the sale of electricity by virtual power plants to external power companies by receiving electricity. Therefore, the operating costs of virtual members have been on a downward trend. Since the baseline value of the operating costs of virtual members is 0, the operating costs of virtual members after receiving electricity are the actual transaction costs. It should be noted that the actual transaction cost after the transaction, that is, the change in operating cost, is calculated according to the following formula:

[0035]

[0036]

[0037] in, and are the operating cost changes of the ith real user after receiving and sending electricity, i.e., the actual transaction costs, is the operating cost of the ith real user, and are the operating costs of the ith real user after receiving and sending electricity, is the received power of the virtual member at time t; The actual transaction cost after receiving electricity for the virtual members; is the spot market electricity price at time t.

[0038] In step S103, based on the actual transaction costs of the real user and the virtual user respectively, a first cost difference between the real users and a second cost difference between the real user and the virtual user are calculated.

[0039] It should be noted that all real users and virtual users participating in the simulated transaction matching are paired one by one to screen target matching pairs to build a virtual power plant. Therefore, before building the virtual power plant, the first cost difference between real users and the second cost difference between real users and virtual users are calculated, and the target matching pairs that meet the constraint requirements are screened according to the first cost difference and the second cost difference to build the virtual power plant.

[0040] Specifically, a first cost difference between real users is calculated according to the actual transaction cost between each real user in the virtual transaction, and a second cost difference between the real user and the virtual user is calculated according to the actual transaction cost between the real user and the virtual user in the virtual transaction.

[0041] In step S104, a virtual power plant is constructed according to the first cost difference and the second cost difference.

[0042] It can be understood that the embodiments of the present application can construct a virtual power plant based on the first cost difference and the second cost difference, so that the user can more intuitively determine the cost difference of each simulated matching, and can analyze the solvability of the virtual power plant construction strategy based on the cost difference brought about by the virtual transaction as the matching basis, and determine whether the virtual power plant has achieved construction consistency based on the matching results of the virtual members.

[0043] In an embodiment of the present application, a virtual power plant is constructed according to a first cost difference and a second cost difference, including: constructing a plurality of matching pairs according to at least one of the first cost difference and the second cost difference, wherein the matching pairs include matching pairs of real users and real users, and matching pairs of real users and virtual users; screening a plurality of matching pairs for target matching pairs in this round of transaction matching; and determining whether the virtual power plant is successfully constructed according to the target matching pairs.

[0044] It can be understood that the embodiments of the present application can construct multiple matching pairs based on at least one of the first cost difference and the second cost difference. In each round of transactions, the matching pair with the largest total cost reduction is selected as the target match, ensuring that each step of optimization points to the global economic optimum, thereby achieving the efficiency, economy and transparency of the dynamic construction of the virtual power plant.

[0045] In an embodiment of the present application, multiple matching pairs are constructed based on the first cost difference and the second cost difference, including: if the first cost difference is greater than or equal to the first pairing threshold, it is determined that the pairing between the real user and the real user is successful; if the second cost difference is greater than or equal to the second pairing threshold, it is determined that the pairing between the real user and the virtual user is successful; if the first cost difference is less than the first pairing threshold, and the second cost difference is less than the second pairing threshold, it is determined that the pairing fails.

[0046] The first pairing threshold and the second pairing threshold may both be 0, without specific limitation.

[0047] It can be understood that the embodiments of the present application can achieve efficient screening and transparent decision-making for the dynamic construction of virtual power plants by setting a clear cost difference threshold.

[0048] It should be noted that if or , it indicates that the user's total operating cost is reduced, and the matching is successful at this time; in each iterative matching process, the matching result with the largest cost reduction is included in the matching decision as the best matching pair. Repeat the above steps until any pairing does not cause a total cost reduction, and the simulation matching ends.

[0049] In an embodiment of the present application, whether the virtual power plant is successfully constructed is determined based on the target matching pair, including: if there is a virtual member in the target matching pair and the virtual member generates a virtual transaction volume, the virtual power plant is successfully constructed, otherwise the construction fails.

[0050] It can be understood that in the embodiment of the present application, if there are virtual members in the target matching pair and the virtual members generate virtual trading volume, the virtual power plant is successfully constructed, otherwise the construction fails. Since the trading volume of the virtual members directly reflects the interactive ability of the virtual power plant with the external power grid, it is the embodiment of its core function as a market entity. The existence of virtual trading volume means that arbitrage space can be generated after resource aggregation, ensuring the economic feasibility of the virtual power plant; successful construction shows that distributed resources can flexibly respond to market signals and achieve supply and demand balance. It should be noted that whether distributed resource end users aggregate into virtual power plants to participate in spot market transactions can be determined based on the virtual transaction volume information of virtual member pairings fed back during the simulated transaction matching process. ), it means that the virtual power plant has completed the dynamic construction decision; otherwise, the dynamic construction fails.

[0051] In an embodiment of the present application, multiple matching pairs are screened as target matching pairs in this round of transaction matching, including: calculating the total operating cost of each matching pair after the transaction; and taking the matching pairs whose total operating costs meet the optimization goals of the virtual power plant as the target matching pairs in this round of transaction matching.

[0052] It is understandable that the embodiments of the present application can select the best matching pairs in each round of transaction matching to minimize costs, dynamically respond to market changes, and improve robustness.

[0053] It should be noted that the optimization goal of the virtual power plant is to minimize the total operating cost of the best matching pair.

[0054] Specifically, the dynamic construction process of simulated matching needs to rely on multiple iterative matching until a construction strategy is generated. After each simulated matching produces a matching pair, the marginal cost of the successfully matched distributed resource users will change, that is, the unit cost when a virtual transaction occurs again will change, and the objective function needs to be called for recalculation.

[0055] The number of objective function calls will increase exponentially as the number of users increases, which will lead to difficulty in solving and the curse of dimensionality. To this end, this application proposes a solution strategy for the partial update mechanism to improve the solution speed. In fact, in order to ensure energy balance, only two distributed resource users use fixed-step electricity as the transaction volume for simulation matching in each iteration, and the marginal cost of other users remains unchanged.

[0056] Therefore, this application proposes an accelerated convergence method based on a selective update mechanism of user information in the above-mentioned simulation matching strategy, that is, in the simulation matching process, only the marginal cost of the two users who were successfully matched in the previous round of iteration is updated (the cost difference generated by sending and receiving is calculated based on the fixed-step transaction volume), while the matching information of other distributed resource users remains unchanged.

[0057] This mechanism can reduce the dimension of simulated matching calls in each round to two users, effectively improving the scalability and applicability of the simulated matching strategy in actual scenarios; in this way, the system can dynamically respond to changes in supply and demand relationships between different users, thereby optimizing overall performance and improving economic benefits.

[0058] Whether to calculate the cost change of the i-th real user from this iteration to the next iteration is determined according to whether the i-th user is paired in the previous iteration. The cost change calculation formula is as follows:

[0059] in, represents the cost change of the ith real user from this iteration to the next iteration, The total cost of the i-th real user minus the cost of the shared part, where the cost of the shared part can be shared energy resources, costs or other forms of cooperation between users; update unit transactioncost represents the updated unit transaction cost, that is, the cost adjustment caused by the pairing operation in the last iteration. If the i-th real user is not paired, the user's cost does not change. if end-useri is paired in thelast iteration represents if the real user i is paired in the last iteration.

[0060] In an embodiment of the present application, the total operating cost after each matching pair transaction is calculated, including: obtaining the total operating cost of the real user and the operating cost of the virtual user in each matching pair; and calculating the total operating cost after each matching pair transaction based on the total operating cost of the real user and the operating cost of the virtual user.

[0061] It can be understood that the embodiments of the present application can calculate the total operating cost of each matching pair after the transaction based on the total operating cost of the real users and the operating cost of the virtual users in each matching pair to calculate the total cost of the virtual power plant, thereby screening out matching pairs that meet the conditions. Specifically, taking economic cost as the trigger condition for the dynamic construction of virtual power plants, this application will use the minimization of operating costs as the optimization objective function to simulate the construction cost model of virtual power plants:

[0062]

[0063] in, is the operating cost of the ith real user, is the time-of-use electricity price at time t, is the net load at time t, which is related to the charging and discharging behavior of distributed energy storage; is a variable, Penalty price for the contract, is the contract power; is the electricity sales cost of the virtual power plant, is the spot market electricity price at time t; is the total amount of electricity sold by the virtual power plant to the external power grid at time t, TOU energy cost is the time-of-use electricity price cost, and Contract penalty cost is the contract breach cost.

[0064] It should be noted that the operating cost of the i-th real user in the objective function of this application is There are two costs involved: one is the cost of electricity that varies over time, and the other is the penalty cost for exceeding the demand stipulated in the contract.

[0065] According to the virtual power plant construction method proposed in the embodiment of the present application, the power company is assumed to be a virtual member participating in transaction matching, and the sent and received electricity of the simulated matching is guaranteed to be the same. Virtual transactions are carried out with the target unit electricity, and the actual transaction costs of the real user and the virtual user during the transaction are calculated. The first cost difference between the real users and the second cost difference between the real users and the virtual users are calculated based on their actual transaction costs. The virtual power plant is constructed according to the first cost difference and the second cost difference, so that the user can more intuitively determine the cost difference of each simulated matching, and the solvability of the virtual power plant construction strategy can be analyzed based on the cost difference brought about by the virtual transaction as the matching basis, and whether the virtual power plant has achieved construction consistency is determined based on the matching results of the virtual members, thereby solving the traditional optimization "black box" problem.

[0066] The virtual power plant construction method of the present application will be described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments, as follows: (1) Optimization objective function for dynamic construction of virtual power plants Taking economic cost as the trigger condition for the dynamic construction of virtual power plants, this application will simulate the construction cost model of virtual power plants with the minimization of operating costs as the optimization goal:

[0067]

[0068]

[0069] in, is the operating cost of the ith real user, is the time-of-use electricity price at time t, is the net load at time t, which is related to the charging and discharging behavior of distributed energy storage; is a variable, Penalty price for the contract, is the contract power; is the electricity sales cost of the virtual power plant, is the spot market electricity price at time t; is the total amount of electricity sold by the virtual power plant to the external power grid at time t, TOU energy cost is the time-of-use electricity price cost, and Contract penalty cost is the contract breach cost.

[0070] (2) Fixed-step simulation matching strategy In order to better judge the dynamic construction of virtual power plants, this application assumes that the power company is a virtual member participating in virtual transactions. At the same time, in order to ensure that the sent and received power quantities are the same in each simulated match, it is assumed that the distributed resource users and virtual members conduct virtual transactions with a fixed unit power quantity (fixed step length).

[0071] The sending and receiving of unit electricity will cause a difference in operating costs between distributed resource users and virtual members. This strategy is based on the simulated matching of the operating cost difference between each end user and virtual member, so as to obtain a dynamic construction decision of the virtual power plant. The specific process is as follows: Step 1: Run cost baseline calculation Based on the independent operation cost of resource users aggregated by the virtual power plant, the operation cost of each distributed resource user and virtual member is calculated and used as the cost baseline value. Among them, the operating cost baseline value of each distributed resource user can be obtained based on the objective function calculation, but since the virtual member does not represent any distributed resources, the power purchase cost will only be incurred when the power purchase behavior occurs, so its cost baseline value is 0.

[0072] Step 2: Calculation of operating cost difference during simulation matching Calculate the operating cost of each distributed resource user after sending and receiving unit electricity (fixed step length) in each time period.

[0073] When a real user receives electricity at a certain moment, its net load will be reduced by one step. The reduced net load will be substituted into the objective function to calculate the virtual operating cost after the transaction. The operating cost difference after the user receives unit electricity is calculated based on the basic operating cost and the virtual operating cost, that is, the actual transaction cost. The operating cost of the user receiving electricity will be reduced.

[0074] When a real user delivers electricity at a certain moment, its net load will increase by one step. The increased net load will be brought into the objective function to calculate the virtual operating cost after the transaction. The operating cost difference after the real user delivers unit electricity, that is, the actual transaction cost, is calculated based on the basic operating cost and the virtual operating cost. The operating cost of distributed resource users will increase.

[0075] Virtual members do not act as agents for distributed generation and do not have the ability to supply electricity to users. They only represent the sale of electricity by virtual power plants to external power companies by receiving electricity. Therefore, the operating costs of virtual members have been showing a downward trend. Since the baseline value of the operating costs of virtual members is 0, the operating costs of virtual members after receiving electricity are the actual transaction costs. That is:

[0076]

[0077]

[0078] in, and are the operating cost changes of the ith real user after receiving and sending electricity, i.e., the actual transaction costs, is the operating cost of the ith real user, and The operating costs of the ith real user after receiving and sending electricity, is the received power of the virtual member at time t; The actual transaction cost after receiving electricity for the virtual members; is the spot market electricity price at time t.

[0079] Step 3: Transaction matching Based on the operating cost baseline and cost difference calculation in step 2, all distributed resource user entities participating in the simulated transaction matching are matched one by one. or , the total running cost of the user can be reduced, indicating that the pairing is successful. In each iterative matching process, the matching result with the largest cost reduction is included in the matching decision as the best matching pair. Repeat the above steps until any pairing does not result in a total cost reduction, and the simulation matching ends.

[0080] The specific process of the above algorithm is as follows: 1) Calculate and record initial costs: Calculate the end user's operating cost baseline and record it as , the operating cost baseline value of the virtual member is recorded as 0, and the unit shared power is recorded as .

[0081] 2) First round of iteration: For each time point t to T, and for each user i to N, perform the following operations: Calculate the operating costs of real users after receiving electricity and record the reduction in operating costs ; Calculate the operating costs of real users after delivering electricity and record the increase in operating costs ; Calculate the operating cost of the virtual member after receiving electricity and record the reduction in operating cost ; 3) All user entities participating in transaction matching are matched one by one Pairing process: If pairing is successful, is selected as the best match at time t.

[0082] If there is no suitable pair, skip this step.

[0083] 4) Select the best match for the entire timing: Compare the best matches for each period , select the best match within the entire time period .

[0084] 5) If both the best matches are end users, the net load of the selected end user is updated as follows:

[0085]

[0086] in, is the net load after real user i sends out power, is the net load of real user i after receiving unit power.

[0087] If the best matching receiver is a virtual member, the receiving power of the virtual member is updated as follows: ; in, For virtual members The received power at the time, The unit receiving power for the virtual member.

[0088] In the formula, and are the terminal user identifiers selected for the best pairing of sending and receiving power, For the best pairing moment to be selected.

[0089] 6) Convergence judgment: Determine whether the convergence condition is met: ; If there is a cost change ΔC(t) at a time point t that is less than 0, then the next round of iterative matching begins; otherwise, the transaction matching process ends.

[0090] 7) Output optimization results: If all conditions are met in the above process, it means that the virtual power plant is dynamically constructed successfully.

[0091] Otherwise, if a valid match cannot be found or the optimization goal cannot be achieved, the dynamic construction of the virtual power plant is considered to have failed.

[0092] (3) Accelerated convergence method: The dynamic construction process based on the above-mentioned simulated matching needs to rely on multiple iterative matching until the construction strategy is generated. After each simulated matching generates a matching pair, the marginal cost of the successfully matched distributed resource user will change, that is, the unit cost when the virtual transaction occurs again will change, and the objective function needs to be called for recalculation. The number of calls to the objective function will increase exponentially with the increase in the number of users, which will bring about the difficulty of solving and the problem of dimensionality disaster. To this end, the present application proposes a solution strategy of a partial update mechanism to improve the solution speed. In fact, in order to ensure energy balance, only two distributed resource users use fixed-step electricity as the transaction volume for simulated matching in each iteration, and the marginal cost of other users remains unchanged. Therefore, the present application proposes an accelerated convergence method based on a selective update mechanism of user information in the above-mentioned simulated matching strategy, that is, in the simulated matching process, only the marginal cost of the two users who were successfully matched in the previous round of iteration is updated (based on the fixed-step transaction volume to calculate the cost difference generated by sending and receiving), while the matching information of other distributed resource users remains unchanged. This mechanism can reduce the dimension of each round of simulated matching calls to two users, effectively improving the scalability of the simulated matching strategy and its applicability in actual scenarios. That is:

[0093] represents the cost change of the ith real user from this iteration to the next iteration, The total cost of the i-th real user minus the cost of the shared part, where the cost of the shared part can be shared energy resources, costs or other forms of cooperation between users; update unit transactioncost represents the updated unit transaction cost, that is, the cost adjustment caused by the pairing operation in the last iteration. If the i-th real user is not paired, the user's cost does not change. if end-useri is paired in thelast iteration represents if the real user i is paired in the last iteration.

[0094] (4) Method for determining the dynamic construction of virtual power plants Based on the above simulation matching strategy, the cost difference caused by the fixed-step transactions of distributed resource users and virtual members can be accurately calculated. At the same time, the above method will feed back the matching information of each round to the user, and provide the change in the total operating cost of each pair of matches as a pairing proof for the user to review, thereby improving the interpretability of the optimization results. Therefore, for the question of whether distributed resource users are aggregated into virtual power plants to participate in market transactions, it can be determined based on the virtual transaction volume of the virtual member pairs fed back during the simulation matching process. If the virtual member is successfully paired at any time and generates virtual transaction volume (i.e. ), it means that the virtual power plant has completed the dynamic construction decision; otherwise, the dynamic construction fails.

[0095] In summary, this application first considers the computational burden problem of the dynamic construction model of the virtual power plant, and proposes a transaction matching strategy based on a fixed step size. In order to better judge the dynamic construction of the virtual power plant, this strategy assumes the power grid as a virtual member to participate in transaction matching, and in order to ensure that the sent and received electricity of each transaction matching is the same, it is assumed that the end user and the virtual member conduct exploratory transactions with a fixed unit of electricity. Then, in the above-mentioned transaction matching strategy, an accelerated convergence method based on the selective update mechanism of user information is proposed, which effectively improves the scalability of the transaction matching strategy and its applicability in practical scenarios. Finally, the solvability of the transaction matching strategy is analyzed by the iterative calculation method of the matching cost, and whether the virtual power plant is successfully paired is determined based on the pairing scheme of the virtual members in the transaction matching process.

[0096] Next, the virtual power plant construction device proposed in accordance with the embodiment of the present application will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0097] Figure 2 It is a block diagram of a virtual power plant construction device according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0098] like Figure 2As shown, the virtual power plant construction device 10 includes: an acquisition module 100, a simulation module 200, a calculation module 300 and a construction module 400.

[0099] Among them, the acquisition module 100 is used to obtain the basic operating costs of real users and virtual users respectively; the simulation module 200 is used to simulate the real user trading the target unit electricity to other real users and virtual users, and determine the actual transaction costs of the real user and the virtual user during the transaction according to the basic operating costs; the calculation module 300 is used to calculate the first cost difference between real users and the second cost difference between real users and virtual users based on the actual transaction costs of the real user and the virtual user respectively; the construction module 400 is used to construct a virtual power plant according to the first cost difference and the second cost difference.

[0100] It should be noted that the aforementioned explanation of the embodiment of the virtual power plant construction method is also applicable to the virtual power plant construction device of this embodiment, and will not be repeated here.

[0101] According to the virtual power plant construction device proposed in the embodiment of the present application, the power company is assumed to be a virtual member participating in transaction matching, and the sent and received electricity of the simulated matching is guaranteed to be the same. Virtual transactions are carried out with the target unit electricity, and the actual transaction costs of the real user and the virtual user during the transaction are calculated. The first cost difference between the real users and the second cost difference between the real users and the virtual users are calculated based on their actual transaction costs. The virtual power plant is constructed according to the first cost difference and the second cost difference, so that the user can more intuitively determine the cost difference of each simulated matching, and the solvability of the virtual power plant construction strategy can be analyzed based on the cost difference brought about by the virtual transaction as the matching basis, and whether the virtual power plant has achieved construction consistency is determined based on the matching results of the virtual members, thereby solving the traditional optimization "black box" problem.

[0102] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application. The electronic device may include: A memory 301 , a processor 302 , and a computer program stored in the memory 301 and executable on the processor 302 .

[0103] When the processor 302 executes the program, the virtual power plant construction method provided in the above embodiment is implemented.

[0104] Furthermore, the electronic device further comprises: The communication interface 303 is used for communication between the memory 301 and the processor 302 .

[0105] The memory 301 is used to store computer programs that can be run on the processor 302 .

[0106] The memory 301 may include a high-speed RAM memory, and may also include a non-volatile memory (non-volatile memory), such as at least one disk memory.

[0107] If the memory 301, the processor 302 and the communication interface 303 are implemented independently, the communication interface 303, the memory 301 and the processor 302 can be connected to each other through a bus and communicate with each other. The bus can be an Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) bus, a Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus or an Extended Industry Standard Architecture (EISA) bus. The bus can be divided into an address bus, a data bus, a control bus, etc. For ease of representation, Figure 3 Only one thick line is used in the diagram, but this does not mean that there is only one bus or only one type of bus.

[0108] Optionally, in a specific implementation, if the memory 301, the processor 302 and the communication interface 303 are integrated on a chip, the memory 301, the processor 302 and the communication interface 303 can communicate with each other through an internal interface.

[0109] The processor 302 may be a central processing unit (CPU), or an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or one or more integrated circuits configured to implement the embodiments of the present application.

[0110] An embodiment of the present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium on which a computer program or instruction is stored. When the computer program or instruction is executed by a processor, the virtual power plant construction method as described above is implemented.

[0111] An embodiment of the present application also provides a computer program product, including a computer program or instructions, which, when executed, implements the above virtual power plant construction method.

[0112] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or N embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples, without contradiction.

[0113] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In the description of this application, "N" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0114] Any process or method description in a flowchart or otherwise described herein may be understood to represent a module, fragment or portion of code comprising one or N executable instructions for implementing the steps of a custom logical function or process, and the scope of the preferred embodiments of the present application includes alternative implementations in which functions may not be performed in the order shown or discussed, including performing functions in a substantially simultaneous manner or in reverse order depending on the functions involved, which should be understood by technicians in the technical field to which the embodiments of the present application belong.

[0115] It should be understood that the various parts of the present application can be implemented by hardware, software, firmware or a combination thereof. In the above embodiment, N steps or methods can be implemented by software or firmware stored in a memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system. For example, if implemented by hardware, as in another embodiment, it can be implemented by any one or a combination of multiple of the following technologies known in the art: a discrete logic circuit having a logic gate circuit for implementing a logic function for a data signal, a dedicated integrated circuit having a suitable combination of logic gate circuits, a programmable gate array (PGA), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), etc.

[0116] A person skilled in the art may understand that all or part of the steps in the method for implementing the above-mentioned embodiment may be completed by instructing related hardware through a program, and the program may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, which, when executed, includes one or a combination of the steps of the method embodiment.

Claims

1. A method for constructing a virtual power plant, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Obtain the basic operating costs of real users and virtual users; Simulate the real user to trade the target unit electricity to other real users and the virtual user, and determine the actual transaction costs of the real user and the virtual user respectively during the transaction according to the basic operating cost; Calculating a first cost difference between the real users and a second cost difference between the real user and the virtual user based on actual transaction costs of the real user and the virtual user respectively; The virtual power plant is constructed according to the first cost difference and the second cost difference.

2. The method for constructing a virtual power plant according to claim 1, characterized in that: The constructing the virtual power plant according to the first cost difference and the second cost difference includes: constructing a plurality of matching pairs according to at least one of the first cost difference and the second cost difference, wherein the matching pairs include matching pairs of real users and real users, and matching pairs of real users and virtual users; Screening multiple matching pairs to find the target matching pairs in this round of transaction matching; Whether the virtual power plant is successfully constructed is determined based on the target matching pair.

3. The method for constructing a virtual power plant according to claim 2, characterized in that: The constructing a plurality of matching pairs according to the first cost difference and the second cost difference comprises: If the first cost difference is greater than or equal to a first pairing threshold, it is determined that the pairing between the real user and the real user is successful; If the second cost difference is greater than or equal to a second pairing threshold, it is determined that the pairing between the real user and the virtual user is successful; If the first cost difference is smaller than the first pairing threshold, and the second cost difference is smaller than the second pairing threshold, it is determined that pairing fails.

4. The method for constructing a virtual power plant according to claim 2, characterized in that: The determining whether the virtual power plant is successfully constructed according to the target matching pair includes: If there is a virtual member in the target matching pair and the virtual member generates a virtual transaction volume, the virtual power plant is constructed successfully, otherwise the construction fails.

5. The method for constructing a virtual power plant according to claim 2, characterized in that: The target matching pair of screening multiple matching pairs in this round of transaction matching includes: Calculate the total operating cost after each matching pair transaction; The matching pairs whose total operating costs meet the optimization objectives of the virtual power plant are used as the target matching pairs in this round of transaction matching.

6. The method for constructing a virtual power plant according to claim 5, characterized in that: The total operating cost after calculating each matching pair transaction includes: Obtain the total operating cost of the real user and the operating cost of the virtual user in each matching pair; The total operating cost after each matching pair transaction is calculated according to the total operating cost of the real user and the operating cost of the virtual user.

7. A virtual power plant construction device, characterized in that: include: An acquisition module is used to obtain the basic operating costs of real users and virtual users respectively; A simulation module, used for simulating the real user to trade the target unit electricity to other real users and the virtual user, and determining the actual transaction costs of the real user and the virtual user respectively during the transaction according to the basic operating cost; A calculation module, configured to calculate a first cost difference between the real users and a second cost difference between the real user and the virtual user based on actual transaction costs of the real user and the virtual user respectively; A construction module is used to construct the virtual power plant according to the first cost difference and the second cost difference.

8. An electronic device, characterized in that: include: A memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the program to implement the virtual power plant construction method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

9. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that: The program is executed by a processor to implement the virtual power plant construction method as described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

10. A computer program product, characterized in that It includes a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, is used to implement the virtual power plant construction method described in any one of claims 1-6.

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