Moisture power generation device and manufacturing method thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a design and manufacturing method of a moisture power generation integrated device. Electric power is provided according to moisture, assembly is carried out around a moisture power generation sheet integrally, the power generation sheet is protected from being damaged by external force, main parameters are determined, and accurate cutting is carried out by utilizing a laser engraving technology so as to ensure that the power generation capacity of the power generation device is not influenced by the external force. The power generation sheet is mainly characterized by being composed of a left-end metal layer and an asymmetric-structure power generation layer which are fixedly connected through non-woven fabric. And other parts are mainly designed around the power generation sheet. The problem that an existing power generation piece cannot achieve series-parallel connection switching is effectively solved. Different adjusting methods are adopted according to different conditions, when the power generation pieces need to be connected in series, the series connection state can be perfectly achieved only by connecting the series connection interface, and when the power generation pieces need to be connected in parallel, the parallel connection state can be achieved only by connecting the parallel connection interface. In addition, the laser cutting technology is adopted for operation, modularization is better achieved, the damaged part can be replaced with the same part at any time, and the device is more economical and practical.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of laser processing and its application, in particular to a wet gas power generation device and a manufacturing method thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the depletion of fossil resources and the intensification of environmental pollution, the demand for green and renewable energy is becoming increasingly urgent. Exploring new green energy resources is seen as one of the effective ways to alleviate the energy crisis. As an abundant renewable resource, water can be converted into electrical energy through flow, evaporation and diffusion. At present, a variety of new energy conversion devices have been developed, such as thermoelectrochemical cells, solar cells, thermoelectric generators and triboelectric nanogenerators. Among them, wet gas power generation technology, which uses the interaction between water molecules and functional materials to generate electricity, has attracted widespread attention due to its environmental protection and sustainability.

[0003] Wet gas power generation technology is mainly divided into water evaporation induced electric generators (WEGs) and wet gas electricity generation (MEGs). The former generates electricity through the evaporation of water, and the latter generates electricity by absorbing moisture. MEGs have good environmental adaptability and can spontaneously absorb moisture from the air. As an emerging green energy technology, it has stimulated the research interest of scholars. However, in practical applications, in order to meet different power and voltage requirements, wet gas power generation devices need to be able to flexibly switch in series and parallel, but the existing technology solutions in this regard are not mature and efficient enough. Under extreme climatic conditions, such as high humidity or dry environment, the performance of wet gas power generation devices will be affected, limiting their scope of application.

[0004] In terms of series and parallel design, the present invention uses different channels to distinguish between series and parallel. In addition, the energy conversion efficiency of most wet gas power generation devices is low, which makes it difficult to meet the needs of large-scale energy supply. The present invention uses traditional acrylic plates as the supporting material of the power generation sheet to greatly reduce the interference of the outside world on the power generation sheet, and at the same time greatly enhances the power generation capacity. Since the acrylic plate is an insulating material, the power generated by the power generation sheet is conducted through specific channels. At the same time, these technologies also provide new ideas for other researchers.

[0005] Based on this, the present invention designs and manufactures a wet gas power generation device to solve the above problem. Summary of the invention

[0006] The present invention proposes a wet gas power generation device and a manufacturing method thereof, which can solve the series-parallel switching problem and form a high-efficiency, high-stability, and high-adaptability wet gas power generation solution to meet the energy needs under different environmental conditions.

[0007] The present invention adopts the following technical solutions.

[0008] A wet gas power generation device, comprising a power generation sheet, a substrate, and a cover plate; the power generation sheet comprises a metal layer (1) at the top and a power generation layer (2) at the bottom; the metal layer and the power generation layer are fixedly connected by a non-woven fabric; the power generation layer is a combination of a carbon nanotube layer and a gel layer; the carbon nanotubes of the carbon nanotube layer form an asymmetric structure at the non-woven fabric, the chemical functional groups and water content of the asymmetric structure are both distributed in a gradient, when the power generation layer contacts moisture, the moisture introduces water droplets into the asymmetric structure, inducing the dissociation of oxygen-containing functional groups inside the nanomaterial to generate free mobile ions through solvation, and forming an ion concentration difference with size difference and spatial confinement effect, so that positive charges are generated in the power generation layer to migrate in a directional manner to generate electrical energy.

[0009] There are large conjugated structures or long-chain molecules in the power generation sheet. When the power generation layer is exposed to moisture, the oxygen-containing functional groups of the nanomaterials in the power generation layer dissociate to generate free-moving anions. The anion positions are restricted to the large conjugated structures or long-chain molecules in the power generation sheet, forming a cation gradient structure inside the power generation sheet material. Driven by the ion concentration gradient, cations diffuse from areas with higher concentrations to areas with lower concentrations, so that when the external load is connected to the power generation sheet to form a closed circuit, electrical energy is generated in the external circuit.

[0010] The nano material of the power generation layer is hydroxylated carbon nanotube powder.

[0011] The power generation sheet is fixed in the power generation unit on the substrate. A cover plate with a water injection port is provided on the top of the power generation unit. When the power generation unit is started, the water injection port (13) is directly exposed to the surrounding humid environment. The water injection port is an open port with a microporous structure, which is used to sense and absorb moisture in the external air. After the moisture sucked into the power generation unit through the water injection port is gathered in the cover plate area, it flows along a predetermined path through the guide groove and capillary structure inside the cover plate to each water seepage area of ​​the cover plate. Each water seepage area is located above the metal layer of each power generation sheet or connected to the top of the metal layer. After passing through the water seepage area (12), the water penetrates into the power generation sheet to generate voltage. The power generation units are combined in parallel or in series. The non-woven fabric in the power generation unit is a highly water-absorbent material. It continuously generates voltage by providing a stable moist environment for the power generation sheet, and starts the power generation process by the flow of water molecules at the power generation sheet and the distribution of electrolytes. When the amount of water absorbed by the power generation sheet reaches the maximum water absorption limit of the non-woven fabric, the water threshold drain port (4) of the power generation sheet automatically opens under the water osmotic pressure difference inside and outside the power generation sheet, and the excess water is discharged from the power generation sheet, ensuring that the power generation process of the power generation sheet is in a safe and stable water balance state. The wet gas power generation device includes a series interface or a parallel interface, and also includes a plurality of power generation sheets; The series interface includes a series negative electrode interface (3) and a series positive electrode interface (6); the parallel interface includes a parallel negative electrode interface (5) and a parallel positive electrode interface (9); When the power generation sheets are required to provide electric energy in a series state, each power generation sheet is connected to the series interface; when the power generation sheets are required to provide electric energy in a parallel state, each power generation sheet is connected to the parallel interface.

[0012] The gel layer is a copolymer formed by free radical copolymerization of the first monomer, the second monomer and the third monomer, and the copolymer has good mechanical strength and elasticity; The first monomer is a basic skeleton composed of polyvinyl chloride, which is used to provide the main structure and mechanical properties of the gel layer; The second monomer is a hydrophilic group composed of [2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]dimethyl-(3-sulfopropyl)ammonium hydroxide SBMA, which is used to enhance the adsorption capacity of the gel layer to water molecules; The third monomer is a flexible segment composed of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), which is used to improve the flexibility of the gel layer and the ability to adapt to devices of different shapes.

[0013] The thickness of the gel layer covering the top of the carbon nanotube layer ranges from 0.1 to 1 mm. By adjusting the thickness of the gel layer, the power generation device can adapt to the surface curvature of different equipment and the required electrical signal sensitivity during installation; The thickness of the gel layer is precisely controlled by controlling the number of dips and the drying time; The surface of the gel layer is specially treated to enhance the adhesion between the gel layer and the metal layer, and the special treatment method includes oxygen plasma treatment.

[0014] Dynamic covalent bonds or reversible non-covalent bonds are introduced into the gel layer, and a self-healing function of the gel layer is formed through the interaction of covalent bonds. The self-healing function is used to automatically repair the gel layer when the gel layer is slightly damaged, so as to maintain stable performance of the sensor.

[0015] A method for preparing a wet gas power generation device comprises the following steps: Step S1, preparing a carbon powder solution, mixing hydroxylated carbon nanotube powder and plasma water at a ratio of 1:1:100 and stirring for 4 to 6 hours; Step S2, the gel and the plasma water are fully stirred in a ratio of 3:10, and after the gel and the plasma water are completely dissolved, 3 g of sea salt is added per milliliter and fully stirred until the gel and the plasma water are completely dissolved; Step S3, turn on the laser cutting machine to cut according to the designed pattern, and the material needs to be non-woven fabric of the same specification; Step S4, taking out the non-woven fabric cut by the laser cutting machine and completely immersing it in the solution prepared in step S1 for full soaking; Step S5, heating the nonwoven fabric prepared in step S4 at a temperature of 80 degrees for 60 minutes; Step S6, re-immersing the non-woven fabric dried in step S5 in the solution prepared in step S1 for multiple times, and repeating at least 3 times; Step S7, multiple times of impregnation of the non-woven fabric and multiple times of drying; Step S8, placing the non-woven fabric dried in step S7 into the solution of step S2. Since the non-woven fabric is water-absorbent, only half of the non-woven fabric needs to be infected. Since an asymmetric structure needs to be formed, only half of the non-woven fabric needs to be infected. Step S9, drying the non-woven fabric impregnated with the solution of step S2 in step S8 at low temperature for 3 hours; The step S3 specifically comprises the following steps: Step S31, in a relatively dry environment, use laser cutting software to draw a vector of the non-woven fabric shape, i.e., a circular shape, and adjust the laser current to between 5.3 and 5.5; Step S32, placing non-woven fabric that has not been treated in any way on the laser cutting machine platform; Step S33, start the laser cutting machine and close the laser cutting machine door; Step S34, waiting for the laser cutting machine to work; Step S35, taking out the non-woven fabric and proceeding to step S4; The step S5 is specifically as follows: Step S51, taking out the non-woven fabric dried for the first time, and letting it stand and cool to room temperature; Step S52, using tweezers to pick up the non-woven fabric and immerse it in the room temperature solution prepared in step S1 for thirty minutes; Step S53, taking out the non-woven fabric and leaving it to stand for five minutes so that the solution is completely absorbed by the non-woven fabric; Step S54, take out the non-woven fabric and proceed to step S6.

[0016] When preparing the carbon powder solution, a dispersant is used, and the dispersant is at least one of an anionic surfactant, a cationic surfactant, a nonionic surfactant, a synthetic polymer dispersant or a natural polymer dispersant; During the preparation of the carbon powder solution, the polymerization reaction temperature ranges from 30 to 50° C., and the polymerization time ranges from 3 to 8 hours.

[0017] The present invention proposes an innovative green energy collection technology, which aims to achieve efficient and environmentally friendly energy conversion through a special non-woven material. The technology first constructs a unique asymmetric structure inside the non-woven fabric by physical or chemical means, including a gradient distribution of chemical functional groups and a gradient distribution of moisture content. When water droplets are introduced into this structure, the chemical functional groups inside the material are triggered to ionize and generate freely moving ions. Because anions are large in size and are confined in large conjugated structures or long-chain molecules, they cannot migrate, thus forming a cation gradient structure inside the material. Driven by the ion concentration gradient, cations diffuse from areas with higher concentrations to areas with lower concentrations, and this process generates electrical energy in the external circuit when an external load is connected to form a closed circuit. In addition, when the moisture content reaches a certain level, the device can automatically discharge excess moisture to prevent excessive moisture from causing a decrease in power generation efficiency. This technology not only has environmental advantages because it does not produce any polluting byproducts, but also shows excellent efficiency due to its high reversibility. Compared with traditional power generation equipment, the present invention has brought revolutionary progress to the field of green energy with its clean and pollution-free characteristics and the advantage of not producing polluting by-products.

[0018] The present invention provides a design and manufacturing method for a wet gas power generation integrated device. The device provides electricity based on moisture, is assembled around a wet gas power generation sheet as a whole, and the power generation sheet is protected from external damage. The main parameters are determined, and the laser engraving technology is used for accurate cutting to ensure that the power generation capacity of the power generation device is not affected by external forces. The main feature of the power generation sheet is that it is composed of a left-end metal layer and an asymmetric structure power generation layer, and the two are fixedly connected by a non-woven fabric. Other parts are mainly designed around the power generation sheet. The present invention effectively solves the problem that the existing power generation sheets cannot achieve series-parallel switching. Different adjustment methods are used according to different situations. When the power generation sheets need to be connected in series, only the series interface needs to be connected to perfectly achieve the series state. When the power generation sheets need to be connected in parallel, only the parallel interface needs to be connected to achieve the parallel state. In addition, the present invention uses laser cutting technology for operation, which is more modular, and the damaged part can be replaced with the same part at any time, making it more economical and practical.

[0019] The self-generating device of the present invention can work stably in a stable environment through its unique structural design and material selection, and the power generation sheet can be replaced as needed, and the series and parallel can also be switched according to the environment. The preparation method of the power generation device includes a series of fine steps to ensure the high performance and durability of the sensor. By using carbon nanotubes, gel layers and special conductive materials such as graphene, alloy metal indium tin bismuth, etc., the power generation device of the present invention has significantly improved the power generation and stability.

[0020] The sensor of the present invention is easy to maintain and adopts a modular design, so that the power generation device can be quickly replaced when needed, reducing maintenance costs and shortening a lot of time. At the same time, the power generation efficiency and output are improved. The power generation device of the present invention can also be integrated with other devices to achieve portable battery operation, providing more stable and convenient operation. At the same time, according to different devices, series and parallel power supply can be achieved at the same time, which is convenient for operation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments: Attached Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the design and manufacture of a power generation sheet of a wet gas power generation device of the present invention; Attached Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the overall design and manufacture of a power generation sheet of a wet gas power generation device of the present invention; Attached Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional model of a power generation sheet for designing and manufacturing a wet gas power generation device according to the present invention; Attached Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of a design and manufacturing substrate of a wet gas power generation device of the present invention; Attached Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the design and manufacturing substrate size of a wet gas power generation device of the present invention; Attached Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional model of a substrate for designing and manufacturing a wet gas power generation device according to the present invention; Attached Figure 7 It is a schematic top view of a substrate for designing and manufacturing a wet gas power generation device according to the present invention; Attached Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the overall top view of the design and manufacture of a wet gas power generation device of the present invention; Attached Fig. 9 It is a schematic side view of the overall design and manufacture of a wet gas power generation device of the present invention; Attached Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the overall dimensions of the design and manufacture of a wet gas power generation device of the present invention; Attached Fig.11 It is a schematic front view of a cover plate for designing and manufacturing a wet gas power generation device according to the present invention; Attached Fig.12 It is an overall schematic diagram of the design and manufacturing cover plate of a wet gas power generation device of the present invention; Attached Fig.13 It is a schematic diagram of the dimensions of the cover plate for designing and manufacturing a wet gas power generation device of the present invention; Attached Fig.14 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the cover plate for designing and manufacturing a wet gas power generation device according to the present invention; Attached Figure 3 Middle: 1, metal layer; 2, power generation layer; Attached Figure 4 Middle: 3, series negative electrode interface; 4, water threshold drain outlet; 5, parallel negative electrode interface; 6, series positive electrode interface; 7, generator installation position; 8, series positive electrode interface; Attached Fig. 9 Middle: 9, parallel positive electrode interface; 10, series positive electrode interface; Attached Fig.11 Middle: 11, water diffusion area; 12, water seepage area; 13, water injection port. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the solution of the present application, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely expressed below.

[0023] As shown in the figure, a wet gas power generation device comprises a power generation sheet, a substrate, and a cover plate; the power generation sheet comprises a metal layer 1 at the top and a power generation layer 2 at the bottom; the metal layer and the power generation layer are fixedly connected by a non-woven fabric; the power generation layer is a combination of a carbon nanotube layer and a gel layer; the carbon nanotubes of the carbon nanotube layer form an asymmetric structure at the non-woven fabric, and the chemical functional groups and moisture content of the asymmetric structure are both distributed in a gradient. When the power generation layer contacts moisture, moisture introduces water droplets into the asymmetric structure, and induces the dissociation of oxygen-containing functional groups inside the nanomaterial to generate free-moving ions through solvation, and forms an ion concentration difference with size difference and spatial confinement effect, so that positive charges are generated in the power generation layer. Directed migration to generate electrical energy.

[0024] There are large conjugated structures or long-chain molecules in the power generation sheet. When the power generation layer is exposed to moisture, the oxygen-containing functional groups of the nanomaterials in the power generation layer dissociate to generate free-moving anions. The anion positions are restricted to the large conjugated structures or long-chain molecules in the power generation sheet, forming a cation gradient structure inside the power generation sheet material. Driven by the ion concentration gradient, cations diffuse from areas with higher concentrations to areas with lower concentrations, so that when the external load is connected to the power generation sheet to form a closed circuit, electrical energy is generated in the external circuit.

[0025] The nano material of the power generation layer is hydroxylated carbon nanotube powder.

[0026] The power generation sheet is fixed in the power generation unit on the substrate. A cover plate with a water injection port is provided on the top of the power generation unit. When the power generation unit is started, the water injection port 13 is directly exposed to the surrounding humid environment. The water injection port is an open port with a microporous structure, which is used to sense and absorb moisture in the external air. After the moisture sucked into the power generation unit through the water injection port is gathered in the cover plate area, it flows along a predetermined path to each water seepage area of ​​the cover plate through the guide groove and capillary structure inside the cover plate. Each water seepage area is located above the metal layer of each power generation sheet or connected to the top of the metal layer. After passing through the water seepage area 12, the water penetrates into the power generation sheet to generate voltage. The power generation units are combined in parallel or in series. The non-woven fabric in the power generation unit is a highly water-absorbent material. It continuously generates voltage by providing a stable moist environment for the power generation sheet, and starts the power generation process by the flow of water molecules at the power generation sheet and the distribution of electrolytes. When the amount of water absorbed by the power generation sheet reaches the maximum water absorption limit of the non-woven fabric, the water threshold drain port 4 of the power generation sheet automatically opens under the water osmotic pressure difference inside and outside the power generation sheet, and the excess water is discharged from the power generation sheet, ensuring that the power generation process of the power generation sheet is in a safe and stable water balance state. The wet gas power generation device includes a series interface or a parallel interface, and also includes a plurality of power generation sheets; In this example, the water flows out of the power generation sheet and enters the water diffusion area 11 .

[0027] The series interface includes a series negative electrode interface 3 and a series positive electrode interface 6; the parallel interface includes a parallel negative electrode interface 5 and a parallel positive electrode interface 9; When the power generation sheets are required to provide electric energy in a series state, each power generation sheet is connected to the series interface; when the power generation sheets are required to provide electric energy in a parallel state, each power generation sheet is connected to the parallel interface.

[0028] The gel layer is a copolymer formed by free radical copolymerization of the first monomer, the second monomer and the third monomer, and the copolymer has good mechanical strength and elasticity; The first monomer is a basic skeleton composed of polyvinyl chloride, which is used to provide the main structure and mechanical properties of the gel layer; The second monomer is a hydrophilic group composed of [2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]dimethyl-(3-sulfopropyl)ammonium hydroxide SBMA, which is used to enhance the adsorption capacity of the gel layer to water molecules; The third monomer is a flexible segment composed of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), which is used to improve the flexibility of the gel layer and the ability to adapt to devices of different shapes.

[0029] The thickness of the gel layer covering the top of the carbon nanotube layer ranges from 0.1 to 1 mm. By adjusting the thickness of the gel layer, the power generation device can adapt to the surface curvature of different equipment and the required electrical signal sensitivity during installation; The thickness of the gel layer is precisely controlled by controlling the number of dips and the drying time; The surface of the gel layer is specially treated to enhance the adhesion between the gel layer and the metal layer, and the special treatment method includes oxygen plasma treatment.

[0030] The gel layer is introduced with components having dynamic covalent bonds or reversible non-covalent bonds, and the self-healing function of the gel layer is formed through the interaction of covalent bonds. The self-healing function is used to automatically repair the gel layer when the gel layer is slightly damaged to maintain stable sensor performance.

[0031] A method for preparing a wet gas power generation device comprises the following steps: Step S1, preparing a carbon powder solution, mixing hydroxylated carbon nanotube powder and plasma water at a ratio of 1:1:100 and stirring for 4 to 6 hours; Step S2, the gel and the plasma water are fully stirred in a ratio of 3:10, and after the gel and the plasma water are completely dissolved, 3 g of sea salt is added per milliliter and fully stirred until the gel and the plasma water are completely dissolved; Step S3, turn on the laser cutting machine to cut according to the designed pattern, and the material needs to be non-woven fabric of the same specification; Step S4, taking out the non-woven fabric cut by the laser cutting machine and completely immersing it in the solution prepared in step S1 for full soaking; Step S5, heating the nonwoven fabric prepared in step S4 at a temperature of 80 degrees for 60 minutes; Step S6, re-immersing the non-woven fabric dried in step S5 in the solution prepared in step S1 for multiple times, and repeating at least 3 times; Step S7, multiple times of impregnation of the non-woven fabric and multiple times of drying; Step S8, placing the non-woven fabric dried in step S7 into the solution of step S2. Since the non-woven fabric is water-absorbent, only half of the non-woven fabric needs to be infected. Since an asymmetric structure needs to be formed, only half of the non-woven fabric needs to be infected. Step S9, drying the non-woven fabric impregnated with the solution of step S2 in step S8 at low temperature for 3 hours; The step S3 specifically comprises the following steps: Step S31, in a relatively dry environment, use laser cutting software to draw a vector of the non-woven fabric shape, i.e., a circular shape, and adjust the laser current to between 5.3 and 5.5; Step S32, placing non-woven fabric that has not been treated in any way on the laser cutting machine platform; Step S33, start the laser cutting machine and close the laser cutting machine door; Step S34, waiting for the laser cutting machine to work; Step S35, taking out the non-woven fabric and proceeding to step S4; The step S5 is specifically as follows: Step S51, taking out the non-woven fabric dried for the first time, and letting it stand and cool to room temperature; Step S52, using tweezers to pick up the non-woven fabric and immerse it in the room temperature solution prepared in step S1 for thirty minutes; Step S53, taking out the non-woven fabric and leaving it to stand for five minutes so that the solution is completely absorbed by the non-woven fabric; Step S54, take out the non-woven fabric and proceed to step S6.

[0032] When preparing the carbon powder solution, a dispersant is used, and the dispersant is at least one of an anionic surfactant, a cationic surfactant, a nonionic surfactant, a synthetic polymer dispersant or a natural polymer dispersant; During the preparation of the carbon powder solution, the polymerization reaction temperature ranges from 30 to 50° C., and the polymerization time ranges from 3 to 8 hours.

[0033] In this example, the metal layer area of ​​the power generation sheet is much smaller than the power generation layer. The power generation layer is circular, the metal layer is located on one side of the power generation layer, and the water seepage area is located on the metal layer; the water threshold drain outlet is located on one side end of the metal layer-free area of ​​the power generation sheet.

[0034] Cations diffuse from areas with higher concentrations to areas with lower concentrations, forming an anode (positive electrode) on one side of the metal layer of the power generation sheet and a cathode (negative electrode) on the other side without the metal layer.

[0035] Embodiment 1: See also Figure 3 This example provides a design and manufacture of a wet gas power generation device, in which the black left side of the power generation sheet is a metal layer, and the right side, i.e. the rear side, is a power generation layer composed of gel and hydroxylated carbon nanotubes. 1, the metal layer and 2 the power generation layer have a simple structure, the power generation efficiency is improved, and the cross-sensitivity of the external pressure is eliminated, which significantly increases the power generation.

[0036] The method for making the substrate is as follows: S1. Use the corresponding modeling software to establish a reference plane, draw a rectangle of 200mm*90mm, and stretch it by 10mm; S2. Cut out three circles of the same diameter on the largest surface of the cuboid to correspond to the size of the power generation sheet; S3, draw and cut the series-parallel path; S4, planning the path of the laser cutting machine according to the drawn model; S5, start the cutting machine to cut out the equipment; The product in this example can be cut in batches and can be operated in batches, that is, mass produced.

[0037] During the production process, the power generation sheet is installed into the above-mentioned operating substrate to form a unified whole. Moisture is applied to generate electricity. The principle is mainly based on the hygroelectric effect. When the nanomaterial is exposed to moisture, the moisture will induce the dissociation of oxygen-containing functional groups inside the nanomaterial under the solvation effect, resulting in a concentration difference. Due to the difference in size of the concentration difference and the spatial confinement effect, the positive charge inside the material migrates in a directional manner, thereby generating electricity.

[0038] The power generation sheet switches its series-parallel state in two different connection states, and a parallel positive electrode interface 9 and a series positive electrode interface 10 for extracting electric energy are arranged on the same side of the power generation device.

[0039] Embodiment 2: In this example, the design and manufacturing process of the wet gas power generation device consists of the following steps: A1. First, attach the power generation sheet to the power generation sheet installation position 7 on the substrate, with the metal layer of the power generation sheet at the left end to ensure that the positive and negative electrodes are in the same direction, and fix the position. This step is to ensure that the power generation sheet can generate electricity stably after contacting water. After the power generation sheet is installed in the right position, it should be ensured that the power generation sheet does not move to ensure that it can be in an accurate and effective power generation state during the power generation process. During the installation process, it should be ensured that the power generation sheet is not contaminated in any way to avoid contact with hydrophobic gel or hydrophilic nanotubes that may cause the power generation of the power generation sheet to decrease; A2. Cover the power generation sheet with a cover plate to form a complete whole to protect the power generation sheet from the external environment. This step is to protect the wet gas power generation unit in the power generation device so that it can generate stable electricity after adding water. After the power generation sheet is soaked or has excessive water, the device will drain the excess water after the water threshold is drained to avoid excessive water from affecting the power generation efficiency of the power generation sheet. In this process, there are different series and parallel design paths inside the wet gas power generation device, and the series and parallel connection methods can be selected according to different environments to improve work efficiency; A3. Start the device, and the power generation device will generate electricity. It will convert the energy contained in the water into electrical energy through a unique mechanism. This process is based on the principle of concentration difference, that is, the interaction between water molecules and chemical functional groups is used to generate electrical energy. As the device continues to operate, the power generation sheet can continuously generate electrical energy, which is sufficient to provide the required voltage for low-voltage components such as sensors and relays; A4. Run the device, and the generator sheet generates electricity continuously. During the operation of the device, in order to adapt to different environments and needs, the power generation device provides flexible connection options, allowing users to choose to connect to the series port or parallel port according to the specific application scenario. This design enables the device to flexibly adjust the output voltage and current to adapt to different load requirements. During the process of continuous power generation, the generator sheet will not cause the risk of electric shock to the human body during use, nor will it cause electromagnetic pollution to the environment because the voltage it generates is relatively low. This safety makes the device very suitable for use in a variety of environments, including those with special requirements for safety and environmental protection.

[0040] When the life of the generator reaches the end or maintenance is required, the generator components or the entire generator can be quickly replaced. Due to the modular design of the generator, this process can be easily completed, greatly reducing maintenance costs and time. Through the above-mentioned specific implementation methods, the design and manufacture of a wet gas power generation device in this example can continuously release electricity, and at the same time has the characteristics of switching series and parallel at any time, which solves the challenges encountered by traditional wet gas power generation devices in the series and parallel process.

[0041] In this example, multiple power generation devices can be connected in series and parallel, with modular deployment capabilities. Wide application will greatly promote the maturity of wet gas power generation, i.e. clean energy, and provide strong technical support for research and practice in related fields. The sensor in step A4 can operate continuously for 20 minutes.

Claims

1. A wet gas power generation device, characterized in that: The device comprises a power generation sheet, a substrate, and a cover plate; the power generation sheet comprises a metal layer (1) at the top and a power generation layer (2) at the bottom; the metal layer and the power generation layer are fixedly connected by a non-woven fabric; the power generation layer is a combination of a carbon nanotube layer and a gel layer; the carbon nanotubes of the carbon nanotube layer form an asymmetric structure at the non-woven fabric, and the chemical functional groups and water content of the asymmetric structure are both distributed in a gradient. When the power generation layer contacts moisture, the moisture introduces water droplets into the asymmetric structure, and the oxygen-containing functional groups inside the nanomaterial are induced to dissociate to generate free mobile ions by solvation, and an ion concentration difference with size difference and spatial confinement is formed, so that positive charges are generated in the power generation layer to migrate in a directional manner to generate electric energy.

2. A wet gas power generation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: There are large conjugated structures or long-chain molecules in the power generation sheet. When the power generation layer is exposed to moisture, the oxygen-containing functional groups of the nanomaterials in the power generation layer dissociate to generate freely mobile anions. The positions of the anions are restricted to the large conjugated structures or long-chain molecules in the power generation sheet, forming a cation gradient structure inside the power generation sheet material.

3. Driven by the ion concentration gradient, cations diffuse from areas with higher concentration to areas with lower concentration, so that when an external load is connected to the power generation sheet to form a closed circuit, electrical energy is generated in the external circuit.

4. A wet gas power generation device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The nano material of the power generation layer is hydroxylated carbon nanotube powder.

5. A wet gas power generation device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The power generation sheet is fixed in the power generation unit on the substrate. A cover plate with a water injection port is provided on the top of the power generation unit. When the power generation unit is started, the water injection port (13) is exposed to the surrounding humid environment. The water injection port is an open port with a microporous structure, which is used to sense and absorb moisture in the external air. After the moisture sucked into the power generation unit through the water injection port is gathered in the cover plate area, it flows along a predetermined path through the guide groove and capillary structure inside the cover plate to each water seepage area of ​​the cover plate. Each water seepage area is located above the metal layer of each power generation sheet or connected to the top of the metal layer. After passing through the water seepage area (12), the water penetrates into the power generation sheet to generate voltage. According to claim 4, a wet gas power generation device is characterized in that: the power generation units are combined in parallel or in series, and the non-woven fabric in the power generation unit is a highly water-absorbent material, which continuously generates voltage by providing a stable wet environment for the power generation sheet, and starts the power generation process by the flow of water molecules at the power generation sheet and the distribution of electrolytes; when the amount of water absorbed by the power generation sheet reaches the maximum water absorption limit of the non-woven fabric, the water threshold drain port (4) of the power generation sheet automatically opens under the water osmotic pressure difference inside and outside the power generation sheet, and the excess water is discharged from the power generation sheet, ensuring that the power generation process of the power generation sheet is in a safe and stable water balance state; The wet gas power generation device includes a series interface or a parallel interface, and also includes a plurality of power generation sheets; The series interface includes a series negative electrode interface (3) and a series positive electrode interface (6); the parallel interface includes a parallel negative electrode interface (5) and a parallel positive electrode interface (9); When the power generation sheets are required to provide electric energy in a series state, each power generation sheet is connected to the series interface; when the power generation sheets are required to provide electric energy in a parallel state, each power generation sheet is connected to the parallel interface.

6. A wet gas power generation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gel layer is a copolymer formed by free radical copolymerization of the first monomer, the second monomer and the third monomer, and the copolymer has good mechanical strength and elasticity; The first monomer is a basic skeleton composed of polyvinyl chloride, which is used to provide the main structure and mechanical properties of the gel layer; The second monomer is a hydrophilic group composed of [2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]dimethyl-(3-sulfopropyl)ammonium hydroxide SBMA, which is used to enhance the adsorption capacity of the gel layer to water molecules; The third monomer is a flexible segment composed of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), which is used to improve the flexibility of the gel layer and the ability to adapt to devices of different shapes.

7. A wet gas power generation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the gel layer covering the top of the carbon nanotube layer ranges from 0.1 to 1 mm. By adjusting the thickness of the gel layer, the power generation device can adapt to the surface curvature of different equipment and the required electrical signal sensitivity during installation; The thickness of the gel layer is precisely controlled by controlling the number of dips and the drying time; The surface of the gel layer is specially treated to enhance the adhesion between the gel layer and the metal layer, and the special treatment method includes oxygen plasma treatment.

8. A wet gas power generation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Dynamic covalent bonds or reversible non-covalent bonds are introduced into the gel layer, and a self-healing function of the gel layer is formed through the interaction of covalent bonds. The self-healing function is used to automatically repair the gel layer when the gel layer is slightly damaged, so as to maintain stable performance of the sensor.

9. A method for preparing a wet gas power generation device, characterized in that: The steps include: Step S1, preparing a carbon powder solution, mixing hydroxylated carbon nanotube powder and plasma water at a ratio of 1:1:100 and stirring for 4 to 6 hours; Step S2, the gel and the plasma water are fully stirred in a ratio of 3:10, and after the gel and the plasma water are completely dissolved, 3 g of sea salt is added per milliliter and fully stirred until the gel and the plasma water are completely dissolved; Step S3, turn on the laser cutting machine to cut according to the designed pattern, and the material needs to be non-woven fabric of the same specification; Step S4, taking out the non-woven fabric cut by the laser cutting machine and completely immersing it in the solution prepared in step S1 for full soaking; Step S5, heating the nonwoven fabric prepared in step S4 at a temperature of 80 degrees for 60 minutes; Step S6, re-immersing the non-woven fabric dried in step S5 in the solution prepared in step S1 for multiple times, and repeating at least 3 times; Step S7, multiple times of impregnation of the non-woven fabric and multiple times of drying; Step S8, placing the non-woven fabric dried in step S7 into the solution of step S2. Since the non-woven fabric is water-absorbent, only half of the non-woven fabric needs to be infected. Since an asymmetric structure needs to be formed, only half of the non-woven fabric needs to be infected. Step S9, drying the non-woven fabric impregnated with the solution of step S2 in step S8 at low temperature for 3 hours; The step S3 specifically comprises the following steps: Step S31, in a relatively dry environment, use laser cutting software to draw a vector of the non-woven fabric shape, i.e., a circular shape, and adjust the laser current to between 5.3 and 5.5; Step S32, placing non-woven fabric that has not been treated in any way on the laser cutting machine platform; Step S33, start the laser cutting machine and close the laser cutting machine door; Step S34, waiting for the laser cutting machine to work; Step S35, taking out the non-woven fabric and proceeding to step S4; The step S5 is specifically as follows: Step S51, taking out the non-woven fabric dried for the first time, and letting it stand and cool to room temperature; Step S52, using tweezers to pick up the non-woven fabric and immerse it in the room temperature solution prepared in step S1 for thirty minutes; Step S53, taking out the non-woven fabric and leaving it to stand for five minutes so that the solution is completely absorbed by the non-woven fabric; Step S54, take out the non-woven fabric and proceed to step S6.

10. The method for preparing a wet gas power generation device according to claim 9, characterized in that: When preparing the carbon powder solution, a dispersant is used, and the dispersant is at least one of an anionic surfactant, a cationic surfactant, a nonionic surfactant, a synthetic polymer dispersant or a natural polymer dispersant; During the preparation of the carbon powder solution, the polymerization reaction temperature ranges from 30 to 50° C., and the polymerization time ranges from 3 to 8 hours.

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