A thermal control system and method for a device housing

Abstract

The present invention discloses a thermal control system and method for an equipment housing, belonging to the technical field of equipment thermal management. The system includes microcapsules and an electromagnetic unit. The microcapsules are arranged in the flow channel of the equipment housing and include an outer shell and a core. The outer shell is made of a magnetic material, and the core is filled with a phase change material. The electromagnetic unit is arranged outside the flow channel. By driving the microcapsules with magnetic material shells by the electromagnetic unit, the microcapsules move directionally and stably in the flow channel and are evenly distributed, which can avoid the agglomeration phenomenon of microcapsules in a microgravity environment and prevent the flow channel from being blocked, thereby ensuring the heat dissipation performance of the equipment housing in a microgravity environment. At the same time, the circulating movement of the microcapsules drives the base fluid in the flow channel to flow, realizing efficient heat transfer and ensuring the heat dissipation effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of equipment thermal management, and particularly to a thermal control system and method for an equipment housing. Background Art

[0002] In environments such as space with low gravity and large temperature differences, the requirements for heat dissipation and temperature control of the electronic control system are extremely high. The existing thermal management systems face a series of technical difficulties, including the failure of fluid circulation in the microgravity environment, the blockage of flow channels caused by the aggregation of fine particles, etc. The specific analysis is as follows:

[0003] (1) Limitations of the traditional microchannel heat dissipation architecture

[0004] The traditional microchannel heat dissipation technology mainly relies on the gravity-driven mechanism to promote the flow of the fluid. However, in the microgravity environment, this gravity-dependent design makes the fluid unable to circulate effectively, resulting in a significant decrease in heat dissipation efficiency. In addition, the fluid expands and contracts during the heat absorption and heat release processes, which will increase the pressure fluctuation in the flow channel, seriously affecting the fluidity and reliability of the system. At the same time, in the microgravity condition, the fluid is prone to form bubbles or stagnate due to the surface tension effect, further exacerbating the decrease in heat dissipation efficiency. These problems indicate that the traditional microchannel heat dissipation technology has obvious limitations in extreme environments and is difficult to meet the requirements of high-power density electronic control systems in the space environment for efficient heat dissipation.

[0005] (2) Limitations of the single-phase change material heat dissipation technology

[0006] The single-phase change material heat dissipation technology mainly utilizes the characteristic that the phase change material absorbs or releases a large amount of latent heat during the phase change process and has been widely used in the field of thermal management. For example, a working medium and phase change microcapsules that can move with the working medium are filled in the flow channel of the heat pipe. The phase change microcapsules can be carried by the working medium in the heat pipe to complete the heat cycle between the evaporation section and the heat dissipation section. The phase change material in the capsule stores heat during the phase change in the evaporation section and solidifies in the heat dissipation section, thereby increasing the maximum heat transfer power of the heat pipe and achieving efficient heat dissipation. However, the phase change microcapsules are prone to aggregation due to the lack of gravity constraint in the microgravity environment, resulting in the blockage of the flow channel. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the problems of the existing technology and provide a thermal control system and method for an equipment housing.

[0008] The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: A thermal control system for an equipment housing, the thermal control system includes microcapsules and an electromagnetic unit. The microcapsules are arranged in the flow channel of the equipment housing and include an outer shell and a core. The outer shell is a magnetic material, and the core is filled with a phase change material; the electromagnetic unit is arranged outside the flow channel and is used to drive the microcapsules to move directionally in the flow channel, thereby driving the base liquid in the flow channel to flow.

[0009] In one example, the system further includes a control unit, connected to the electromagnetic unit, for adjusting the direction and intensity of the dynamic magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic unit.

[0010] In one example, the system further includes a pressure regulating chamber constructed based on shape memory alloy, embedded in the flow channel, for absorbing or releasing inert gas in the base liquid.

[0011] In one example, nano-scale pores are created on the surface of the pressure regulating chamber.

[0012] In one example, polar functional groups are introduced on the surface of the pressure regulating chamber.

[0013] In one example, the system further includes a motion state acquisition unit, connected to the control unit, for acquiring the motion state information of the microcapsules in the flow channel.

[0014] In one example, the system further includes a temperature acquisition unit, connected to the control unit, for acquiring the temperature information of the high-temperature section and the heat dissipation section in the flow channel.

[0015] It should be further noted that the technical features corresponding to the above system examples can be combined or replaced with each other to form a new technical solution.

[0016] The present invention also includes a method for thermal control of an equipment housing, implemented based on the thermal control system formed by combining any one of the above examples or a combination of multiple examples, characterized in that the method includes a magneto-controlled phase change fluid transportation step, including:

[0017] The electromagnetic unit generates a dynamic magnetic field to drive the directional movement of the microcapsules with a magnetic material shell, thereby driving the flow of the base liquid. The microcapsule core and the base liquid absorb heat in the high-temperature section of the flow channel and release heat in the heat dissipation section of the flow channel.

[0018] In one example, the method further includes a passive pressure regulation step, including:

[0019] When the temperature in the flow channel decreases, the shape memory alloy transforms from the austenite phase to the martensite phase, the volume of the pressure regulating chamber expands, absorbs the inert gas in the base liquid, and reduces the pressure in the flow channel;

[0020] When the temperature in the flow channel increases, the shape memory alloy transforms from the martensite phase to the austenite phase, the volume of the pressure regulating chamber shrinks, releases the absorbed inert gas, and increases the pressure in the flow channel.

[0021] In one example, the method includes the following steps:

[0022] The control unit controls the electromagnetic unit to operate and executes the magneto-controlled phase change fluid transportation step;

[0023] The motion state acquisition unit and the temperature acquisition unit respectively acquire the motion state information of the microcapsules, and the temperature information of the high-temperature section and the heat dissipation section in the flow channel;

[0024] The control unit adjusts the magnetic field strength and direction according to the motion state information and / or temperature information.

[0025] It should be further noted that the technical features corresponding to the above method examples can be combined with each other or replaced to form a new technical solution.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0027] 1. In one example, the microcapsules with a magnetic material shell are driven by the electromagnetic unit to move directionally and stably in the flow channel and are evenly distributed, which can avoid the aggregation of microcapsules in the microgravity environment and prevent the flow channel from being blocked, thereby ensuring the heat dissipation performance of the equipment shell in the microgravity environment; at the same time, the heat is efficiently transferred by the cyclic movement of the microcapsules driving the base liquid flow, ensuring the heat dissipation effect.

[0028] 2. In one example, by introducing a control unit to adjust the magnetic field strength and direction generated by the electromagnetic unit, the speed, direction and position of the microcapsules can be adjusted more precisely to clean the flow channel and restore the flow channel to be unobstructed, and the aggregation of microcapsules in the microgravity environment can be avoided to the greatest extent, effectively preventing the flow channel from being blocked; at the same time, the microcapsules can fully absorb heat in the high-temperature section and efficiently release heat in the heat dissipation section, further improving the heat dissipation efficiency.

[0029] 3. In one example, a pressure regulating chamber constructed by shape memory alloy is used to absorb and release the inert gas in the base liquid by utilizing the phase change characteristics of the shape memory alloy, thereby regulating the gas volume in the flow channel cavity, realizing the pressure regulation in the flow channel, and changing the flow state of the base liquid to make it circulate more smoothly; at the same time, by controlling the amount of inert gas through the pressure regulating chamber, the aggregation of inert gas in a local area to form bubbles can be avoided, thereby reducing the hindrance of bubbles to heat transfer and further ensuring the heat dissipation performance.

[0030] 4. In one example, nano-scale pores are created on the surface of the shape memory alloy, increasing the contact area between the shape memory alloy and the inert gas, which can absorb and release the inert gas more efficiently, further optimizing the pressure regulation effect, and at the same time enabling more efficient heat transfer between the base liquid and the shape memory alloy.

[0031] 5. In one example, polar functional groups are introduced on the surface of the shape memory alloy, which can enhance the adsorption ability for specific gases, thereby further optimizing the pressure effect and improving the heat dissipation performance.

[0032] 6. In one example, based on the motion state information and temperature information fed back by the motion state acquisition unit and / or the temperature acquisition unit, the control unit can determine the current state of the flow channel, such as whether it is blocked or whether the temperature is too high, and then adjust the magnetic field strength and direction to clear the flow channel, restore the flow channel to unobstructed, and enable the microcapsules to fully absorb heat in the high-temperature section and efficiently release heat in the heat dissipation section, thereby avoiding flow channel blockage and ensuring the heat dissipation effect. Description of the Drawings

[0033] The following further describes the specific embodiments of the present invention in detail with reference to the drawings. The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the present application and form a part of the present application. The same reference numerals are used to represent the same or similar parts in these drawings. The illustrative embodiments of the present application and their descriptions are used to explain the present application and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present application.

[0034] Figure 1 System structure diagram provided for an example of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 2 System structure diagram provided for another example of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 3 System block diagram provided for an example of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 4 Method flow chart provided for an example of the present invention.

[0038] In the figure: 1 - microcapsule; 31 - high-temperature section; 32 - flow section; 33 - heat dissipation section; 34 - reflux section; 4 - base liquid; 5 - pressure regulation chamber; 6 - Hall sensor; 7 - temperature sensor. Detailed Description of the Embodiments

[0039] The following clearly and completely describes the technical solutions of the present invention with reference to the drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are some but not all of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0040] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the directions or positional relationships indicated by terms such as "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings. These are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

[0041] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise clearly specified and defined, the terms "connected" and "coupled" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the communication inside two components. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations.

[0042] In addition, the technical features involved in different embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0043] In one example, a thermal control system for a device housing, as Figure 1 shown, the system includes a magneto-controlled phase change fluid module, and the magneto-controlled phase change fluid module includes microcapsules 1 and an electromagnetic unit. Among them, the microcapsules include an outer shell and a core. The outer shell is a magnetic material, such as Fe3O4, Fe2O3, CoFe2O4, etc. Preferably, the outer shell uses Fe3O4 material, which has excellent magnetic response ability and high thermal conductivity. The core is filled with a phase change material, such as paraffin wax, which absorbs heat and melts at high temperatures and releases heat and solidifies at low temperatures. Further, the microcapsules are arranged in the flow channel of the device housing, and the device can be a power device, an electromechanical servo device, etc. As Figure 1 - Figure 2 shown, the flow channel is also filled with a base fluid 4. The high thermal conductivity base fluid and the microcapsules form the fluid in the flow channel; the base fluid includes a water-based fluid or an oil-based fluid. The water-based fluid includes deionized water, ethylene glycol aqueous solution, etc. The oil-based fluid includes mineral oil, perfluoropolyether, etc., which have high thermal conductivity characteristics and are incorporated with inert gas for pressure regulation, and assist heat transfer through cyclic flow. Specifically, as Figure 1 - Figure 2 shown, the flow channel adopts a partitioned function design, including a high-temperature section 31, a flow section 32, a heat dissipation section 33, and a reflux section 34 that are connected end to end. Figure 1 - Figure 2 The solid arrows in the figure indicate the flow direction of the base fluid in the flow channel. Specifically, the high-temperature section is close to the heat source of the electric control system, such as a servo motor. The capsules are heated and melted here. The cross-section of this section of the flow channel is the widest, and the purpose is to increase the heat absorption area; the flow section connects the high-temperature section and the heat dissipation section, and is used to transport the microcapsules and the base fluid to the heat dissipation section; the heat dissipation section is far from the heat source and is used for the microcapsules and the base fluid to release heat, and the phase change material in the capsules solidifies again; the reflux section connects the heat dissipation section and the high-temperature section, and is used to send the capsules and the cooled base fluid back to the high-temperature section. Preferably, the flow channel adopts a multi-layer stacked design, such as parallel stacking or staggered stacking, to increase the heat exchange area. More preferably, the cross-section of the flow channel is gradually distributed, with a wide cross-section in the high-temperature section and a narrow cross-section in the low-temperature section, so as to optimize the flow characteristics of the fluid and reduce the eddy current loss.

[0044] Further, the electromagnetic unit is arranged outside the flow channel and can be an electromagnet, such as Figure 1 - Figure 2As shown, in this example, electromagnets n1, n2, n3, and n4 are preferably arranged outside the high-temperature section, flow section, heat dissipation section, and return section of the flow channel respectively to generate alternating dynamic magnetic forces. Figure 1 - Figure 2 The dashed arrow in Figure 1 - Figure 2 indicates the direction of the electromagnetic force of electromagnet n1. Specifically, the electromagnetic unit is preferably an electromagnetic array unit, including multiple groups of electromagnetic coils. By controlling the current intensity and direction applied to each group of coils, the required magnetic field intensity and direction can be accurately generated. The dynamic magnetic field can alternately attract and repel the microcapsules (with magnetic material shells), causing the microcapsules to move in a predetermined direction in the flow channel. That is, the microcapsules are alternately attracted and move forward by the electromagnetic array unit, driving the base liquid to flow together. The microcapsules absorb heat in the high-temperature section and release heat in the heat dissipation section.

[0045] In this example, by driving the microcapsules with magnetic material shells to move directionally and stably and be evenly distributed in the flow channel through the electromagnetic unit, the agglomeration phenomenon of microcapsules in the microgravity environment can be avoided, preventing the flow channel from being blocked, thereby ensuring the heat dissipation performance of the equipment shell in the microgravity environment, and further improving the reliability and stability of the operation of the electronic control system. At the same time, by driving the base liquid to flow through the cyclic movement of the microcapsules, efficient heat transfer is achieved, ensuring the heat dissipation effect.

[0046] In one example, the system further includes a control unit, which is connected to the electromagnetic unit and is used to adjust the direction and intensity of the dynamic magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic unit. Specifically, the control unit adjusts the current intensity and direction applied to the coils in each electromagnetic unit to dynamically adjust the direction and intensity of the magnetic field, and further more precisely adjusts the speed, direction, and position of the microcapsules to clean the flow channel and restore the flow channel to be unobstructed, maximizing the avoidance of the agglomeration phenomenon of microcapsules in the microgravity environment and effectively preventing the flow channel from being blocked. At the same time, by precisely adjusting the speed, direction, and position of the microcapsules, the microcapsules can fully absorb heat in the high-temperature section and efficiently release heat in the heat dissipation section, further improving the heat dissipation efficiency.

[0047] In one example, as Figure 2 - Figure 3 shown, the system further includes a pressure regulation chamber 5 constructed based on a shape memory alloy (memory alloy). The pressure regulation chamber is embedded in the flow channel, such as embedded in the heat dissipation section of the flow channel, and is used to absorb or release the inert gas in the base liquid. Among them, the memory alloy is nickel-titanium, etc. Using the memory alloy as the driving element, it undergoes a martensitic transformation when the temperature changes, realizing reversible expansion and contraction of volume. Specifically, when the temperature decreases, the memory alloy transforms from the austenite phase to the martensite phase, with volume expansion, adsorbing the inert gas (such as nitrogen) in the base liquid, reducing the gas volume in the flow channel, thereby reducing the pressure in the flow channel. When the temperature increases, the memory alloy transforms from the martensite phase to the austenite phase, with volume contraction, releasing the adsorbed inert gas, increasing the gas volume in the flow channel, thereby increasing the pressure in the flow channel.

[0048] During the thermal cycling process of a closed-loop fluid microchannel (flow channel), there will be problems with poor fluid flow. In the present invention, a pressure regulating chamber is constructed in the flow channel by using a shape memory alloy. Through the temperature-sensing contraction and expansion characteristics of the memory alloy, the absorption and release of inert gas in the base liquid are realized, achieving the effect of dynamically regulating the pressure in the flow channel, thereby changing the flow state of the fluid to make it circulate more smoothly. At the same time, by controlling the amount of inert gas in the pressure regulating chamber, the aggregation of inert gas to form bubbles in local areas can be avoided, thus reducing the obstruction of heat transfer by bubbles and further ensuring the heat dissipation performance.

[0049] In one example, nano-scale pores are created on the surface of the pressure regulating chamber. Specifically, nano-scale pores are created on the surface of the memory alloy through electrochemical etching, significantly increasing the surface area, that is, increasing the contact area between the memory alloy and the inert gas, enabling more efficient absorption and release of the inert gas, further optimizing the pressure regulating effect, and at the same time making the heat transfer between the base liquid and the memory alloy more efficient.

[0050] In one example, polar functional groups, such as hydroxyl groups and amino groups, are introduced on the surface of the pressure regulating chamber to enhance the adsorption ability for specific gases (such as nitrogen). The memory alloy with surface treatment technology (nano-scale pores + polar functional groups) is embedded at the key nodes of the flow channel, and the amount of gas in the flow channel cavity is dynamically regulated through thermal expansion and contraction to maintain the pressure regulation in the flow channel.

[0051] In one example, such as Figure 2 - Figure 3As shown, the system further includes a motion state acquisition unit connected to the control unit, such as Hall sensor 6, for acquiring the motion state information of the microcapsules in the flow channel and feeding it back to the control unit. Optionally, the system further includes a temperature acquisition unit connected to the control unit, such as temperature sensor 7, for acquiring the temperature information of the high-temperature section and the heat dissipation section in the flow channel and feeding it back to the control unit. Preferably, to ensure the working reliability of the Hall sensor and the temperature sensor, the system further includes a main Hall sensor, a backup Hall sensor, a main temperature sensor, and a backup temperature sensor, that is, redundant sensors are provided. When the main Hall sensor and the main temperature sensor malfunction, the system switches to the backup Hall sensor and the backup temperature sensor for operation. The control unit determines whether the current flow channel state is normal, that is, whether it is blocked, based on the motion state information (motion speed) of the microcapsules. If the motion speed of the microcapsules is lower than the normal threshold, the control unit increases the current of the electromagnetic unit to enhance the electromagnetic force to dredge the flow channel. At the same time, the control unit determines the heat source state based on the temperature information of the high-temperature section and the heat dissipation section, and then adjusts the magnetic field intensity and direction in real time to control the motion speed of the microcapsules, so that the microcapsules stay fully in the high-temperature section and the heat dissipation section (heat dissipation section), and then absorb heat fully in the high-temperature section and release heat efficiently in the heat dissipation section, thereby ensuring the heat dissipation effect. In this example, through real-time dynamic monitoring by the Hall sensor and the temperature sensor and coordinated with dynamic magnetic field adjustment, the robustness and adaptive ability of the system are significantly improved. After the system is started, the control unit and all sensors are initialized, the heat source state is monitored in real time, and the magnetic field intensity is dynamically adjusted to optimize the heat dissipation effect.

[0052] Combining the above examples, a preferred system example of the present invention is obtained. At this time, the system includes microcapsules, an electromagnetic unit, a control unit, a pressure regulation chamber, a Hall sensor, and a temperature sensor. The electromagnetic unit, the Hall sensor, and the temperature sensor are all connected to the control unit. The pressure regulation chamber is constructed by shape memory alloy, and the surface of the shape memory alloy is etched with nanoscale pores and polar functional groups are introduced. The thermal control system of the present invention realizes efficient thermal management through the combination of a high thermal conductivity base liquid and a phase change material. Specifically, the heat generated by a servo motor or other heat source is transferred to the fluid in the flow channel through heat conduction. The fluid is composed of a high thermal conductivity base liquid and microcapsules. The base liquid quickly absorbs heat and transfers it to the heat dissipation section. After absorbing heat, the microcapsules undergo a phase change (from solid state to liquid state), further absorbing a large amount of latent heat. The liquid fluid moves along the flow channel driven by the electromagnetic field generated by the electromagnetic unit. The electromagnetic unit promotes the flow of microcapsules and the base liquid through magnetic field action, ensuring uniform distribution and efficient heat dissipation of the fluid in the flow channel. After the fluid enters the condensation section (heat dissipation section), it exchanges heat with the external cooling medium (such as cooling water or liquid nitrogen) in the heat dissipation section, releases latent heat, and the microcapsules re-solidify into a solid state. The base liquid releases heat through the condensation process. The cooled solid microcapsules and base liquid flow back to the heat source area along the flow channel under the action of the magnetic field, ready for the next round of heat absorption process. The system also includes a temperature sensor and a Hall sensor, which are used to monitor the heat source temperature, fluid temperature, and flow state in real time, and feedback the data to the control unit. The control unit dynamically adjusts the electromagnetic field intensity and the temperature of the heat dissipation section according to the sensor data to ensure the efficient operation of the entire system.

[0053] First, through the functional design of flow channel zoning, optimizing the shape and size of the flow channel (the cross-section is wide in the high-temperature section and narrow in the low-temperature section), the magnetically controlled phase change composite fluid microcapsules and the fluid circulation form a magnetically controlled phase change fluid module, realizing efficient heat absorption, transmission, and release, and adapting to the heat dissipation requirements under complex working conditions. Second, through the combination of shape memory alloy and surface treatment technology ((nanoscale pores + polar functional groups)), the amount of gas in the cavity is dynamically adjusted by the thermal expansion and contraction of the shape memory alloy, absorbing and releasing the gas in the base liquid, regulating the flow channel pressure, improving the operation efficiency of the base liquid, and optimizing the heat dissipation effect. Finally, the present invention proposes a fault response mechanism, which detects through sensors to judge the flow channel state (whether the flow channel is blocked, etc.), dynamically adjusts the heat source (controls the movement speed of the microcapsules, fully absorbs heat in the high-temperature section, and efficiently releases heat in the heat dissipation section), and has a fault self-repair function (dynamically adjusts the magnetic field intensity and direction to prevent the flow channel from being blocked), realizing efficient heat absorption, transmission, and release, significantly improving the robustness and adaptability of the system, ensuring that the thermal control system can still operate stably under various abnormal conditions, and solving the problems of the prior art in dynamic heat source adaptation, extreme environment adaptability, and system reliability.

[0054] The present invention further includes a method for thermal control of a device housing, which is implemented based on the thermal control system formed by any one of the above examples or a combination of multiple examples. This method includes a magneto-controlled phase change fluid transportation step, including:

[0055] The electromagnetic unit generates a dynamic magnetic field to drive the directional movement of the microcapsules with a magnetic material shell, thereby driving the flow of the base fluid. The microcapsule core and the base fluid flow synchronously to dissipate heat cooperatively. Specifically, as one of the main heat dissipation media, the base fluid absorbs heat in the high-temperature section and releases heat in the heat dissipation section. The high thermal conductivity and fluidity of the base fluid contribute to improving the overall heat dissipation efficiency of the system. The capsules complete heat transfer through phase change and, at the same time, act as the main driving force for the base fluid to promote the circulation of the base fluid.

[0056] Preferably, the magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic unit is dynamically controlled by the control unit:

[0057] By dynamically adjusting the current direction and intensity of the electromagnetic unit through the control unit, rapid switching of the magnetic field direction is achieved. In the high-temperature section, the magnetic field attracts the capsules upward; in the flow area and the return flow area, the magnetic field pushes the capsules to flow forward or backward. By sequentially activating the electromagnetic units in different regions through the control unit, a relay driving effect is formed to ensure the continuous flow of the capsules in the flow channel.

[0058] In one example, the method further includes a passive pressure regulation step, including:

[0059] When the temperature in the flow channel decreases, the shape memory alloy transforms from the austenite phase to the martensite phase, the volume of the pressure regulation chamber expands, absorbs the inert gas in the base fluid, and reduces the pressure in the flow channel; when the temperature in the flow channel increases, the shape memory alloy transforms from the martensite phase to the austenite phase, the volume of the pressure regulation chamber contracts, releases the absorbed inert gas, and increases the pressure in the flow channel.

[0060] In this example, a pressure regulation chamber constructed with a shape memory alloy such as nickel-titanium is used as a driving element and is embedded in the key nodes (such as the heat dissipation section) of the flow channel. It undergoes a martensitic phase change when the temperature changes, realizing reversible expansion and contraction of the volume, dynamically adjusting the gas volume in the cavity through thermal expansion and contraction, and achieving step-by-step pressure regulation to ensure that the overall pressure fluctuation range of the system is ≤ ±5%.

[0061] In one example, the method includes the following steps:

[0062] S1: The control unit controls the electromagnetic unit to work, generates a dynamic magnetic field, continuously adjusts the magnetic field intensity, drives the directional movement of the microcapsules with a magnetic material shell, thereby driving the flow of the base fluid, that is: making the microcapsule core and the base fluid flow synchronously to dissipate heat cooperatively and avoiding the agglomeration phenomenon in the microgravity environment.

[0063] Meanwhile, the Hall sensor and the temperature sensor respectively collect the motion state information of the microcapsules and the temperature information of the high-temperature section and the heat dissipation section in the flow channel. At this time, the Hall sensor detects the magnetic response signal of the microcapsules, and combines the temperature information fed back by the temperature sensor to invert the state ratio of the microcapsules in the fluid, and inversely calculates the flow velocity of the microcapsules based on the magnetic response signal. Among them, the state ratio is the ratio of the microcapsules in different states (such as solid state, liquid state) in the fluid. Specifically, the inversion of the state ratio includes:

[0064] According to the arranged temperature sensors, the temperature changes at different positions in the flow channel are monitored in real time. Using the temperature information and combining with the latent heat characteristics of the phase change material, the heat absorbed or released per unit time is calculated, so as to infer the phase change ratio of the microcapsules in the base liquid. The calculation expression is:

[0065] ;

[0066] Among them, represents heat; represents the mass of the phase change material; represents the latent heat of phase change; represents the phase change ratio, which is the ratio of the part of the phase change material in the microcapsules that undergoes phase change to the total phase change material, 0 ≤ ≤ 1. At this time, the state ratio of the microcapsules in the fluid can be indirectly reflected by the change of the phase change ratio, and the intensity and direction of the electromagnetic field can be adjusted according to the state ratio.

[0067] For the inversion of the flow velocity, a Hall sensor is used to measure the motion velocity of the microcapsules, establish the relationship between the magnetic field intensity and the flow velocity, and use the principle of electromagnetic induction and the fluid mechanics equation to derive the flow velocity calculation expression as:

[0068] ;

[0069] Among them; represents the flow velocity; represents the electromagnetic force; represents the viscosity of the base liquid; represents the radius of the microcapsules.

[0070] S2: The control unit adjusts the magnetic field intensity and direction according to the motion state information and / or temperature information. Specifically, when the motion velocity of the microcapsules in the fluid is less than the threshold value, it means that the microcapsules flow slowly at this time, and the magnetic field intensity is increased to avoid the agglomeration phenomenon in the microgravity environment. Similarly, when local overheating is detected, that is, when the current position of the flow channel is greater than the set temperature threshold value, the magnetic field intensity is increased to accelerate the fluid flow.

[0071] Preferably, the above examples are combined to obtain the preferred thermal control method of the present invention, such as Figure 4As shown, the method includes the following steps at this time:

[0072] S10: Initialize and self-check. If the sensor is not working properly, go to step S20. If the sensor is working properly, go to step S30; Initialize the system, activate all components, ensure that all sensors and control units are in normal working condition, and perform periodic self-checks;

[0073] S20: Switch to the backup Hall sensor and backup temperature sensor. If the switch is successful, go to step S30. If the switch fails, estimate the heat source state based on historical data. If the estimation is successful, go to step S30. If the estimation fails, generate a log and give an alarm, and enter the safe mode; Among them, the safe mode is when all adjustments fail, the flow channel is blocked, the management state is cut off, and enter the normal conventional mode.

[0074] S30: Start the electromagnetic unit (electromagnetic drive array) and perform passive pressure regulation. The control unit controls the electromagnetic unit to generate a dynamic magnetic field to drive the microcapsules to move directionally, detect the state of the flow channel, and determine whether it is blocked. If so, go to step S40. If not, adjust the magnetic field intensity according to the heat source state and the microcapsule movement speed, and further determine whether the flow channel is unobstructed. If so, continue to monitor. If not, go to step S40;

[0075] S40: Start the repair mechanism, that is, by adjusting the magnetic field intensity, increase the magnetic force to force the microcapsules to move, and squeeze the microcapsules through the congested flow channel section. If the repair is successful, continue to monitor. If the repair fails, generate a log and give an alarm, and enter the safe mode.

[0076] The fault response method of the present invention ensures stable operation under abnormal conditions such as sensor failures and flow channel blockages through dynamic monitoring and real-time adjustment. This method combines sensor status monitoring, flow channel status detection, heat source dynamic adjustment, and fault self-repair functions, improving the robustness and adaptability of the system.

[0077] The above specific implementation manners are detailed descriptions of the present invention. It cannot be determined that the specific implementation manners of the present invention are only limited to these descriptions. For those of ordinary skill in the technical field to which the present invention belongs, without departing from the concept of the present invention, several simple deductions and substitutions can still be made, which should all be regarded as belonging to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A thermal control system for a device housing, characterized in that: The thermal control system includes a microcapsule and an electromagnetic unit. The microcapsule is arranged in the flow channel of the device housing and includes an outer shell and an inner core. The outer shell is a magnetic material and the inner core is filled with a phase change material. The electromagnetic unit is arranged outside the flow channel to drive the microcapsules to move in a directional manner in the flow channel, thereby driving the base liquid in the flow channel to flow; the flow channel adopts a partition design, including a high-temperature section, a flow section, a heat dissipation section and a reflux section connected end to end; and the flow channel adopts a multi-layer superposition design. At the same time, the cross-section of the flow channel is gradually distributed, with a wide cross-section in the high-temperature section and a narrow cross-section in the low-temperature section; The system also includes a control unit connected to the electromagnetic unit and used to adjust the direction and intensity of the dynamic magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic unit; The system also includes a pressure regulating chamber constructed based on a memory alloy, the pressure regulating chamber being embedded in the flow channel and used for absorbing or releasing the inert gas in the base liquid; Polar functional groups are introduced into the surface of the pressure regulating chamber; The system also includes a motion state acquisition unit connected to the control unit and used to acquire motion state information of the microcapsules in the flow channel; The system also includes a temperature acquisition unit connected to the control unit and used to collect temperature information of the high-temperature section and the heat dissipation section in the flow channel; The thermal control method of the device housing includes a magnetically controlled phase-change fluid transport step, including: The electromagnetic unit generates a dynamic magnetic field to drive the microcapsules with magnetic material shells to move in a directional manner, thereby driving the base liquid to flow. The microcapsule core and base liquid absorb heat in the high-temperature section of the flow channel and release heat in the heat dissipation section of the flow channel. The method further comprises a passive pressure regulation step, comprising: When the temperature in the flow channel decreases, the memory alloy changes from the austenite phase to the martensite phase, the volume of the pressure regulating chamber expands, absorbing the inert gas in the base liquid and reducing the pressure in the flow channel; When the temperature in the flow channel increases, the memory alloy transforms from the martensite phase to the austenite phase, the volume of the pressure regulating chamber shrinks, the absorbed inert gas is released, and the pressure in the flow channel increases; The method comprises the following steps: The control unit controls the electromagnetic unit to work and executes the magnetically controlled phase change fluid transport step; The motion state acquisition unit and the temperature acquisition unit respectively collect the motion state information of the microcapsules and the temperature information of the high temperature section and the heat dissipation section in the flow channel; the motion speed of the microcapsules is measured, and the relationship between the magnetic field intensity and the flow velocity is established. The flow velocity calculation expression is: ； in; Indicates flow rate; represents electromagnetic force; Indicates the viscosity of the base fluid; represents the radius of the microcapsule; By using temperature information and combining the latent heat characteristics of phase change materials, the heat absorbed or released per unit time is calculated, so as to infer the phase change ratio of the microcapsules in the base liquid; the change in the phase change ratio indirectly reflects the state ratio of the microcapsules in the fluid, and the intensity and direction of the electromagnetic field are adjusted according to the state ratio; the calculation expression of the phase change ratio is: ； in, Indicates heat; Indicates the quality of phase change material; represents the latent heat of phase change; It indicates the phase change ratio, which is the proportion of the phase change material in the microcapsule that undergoes phase change to the total phase change material; The control unit adjusts the magnetic field strength and direction according to the motion state information and temperature information: the control unit determines whether blockage occurs according to the motion state information of the microcapsule. If the motion speed of the microcapsule is lower than the normal threshold, the control unit strengthens the current of the electromagnetic unit to enhance the electromagnetic force; the control unit determines the heat source state according to the temperature information of the high-temperature section and the heat dissipation section, and then adjusts the magnetic field strength and direction in real time to control the motion speed of the microcapsule so that the microcapsule stays fully in the high-temperature section and the heat dissipation section; at the same time, when the current position of the flow channel is greater than the set temperature threshold, the magnetic field strength is enhanced.

2. The thermal control system for the equipment housing according to claim 1, characterized in that: Nano-scale pores are created on the surface of the pressure regulating chamber.

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