High-yield and gibberellic-disease-resistant wheat breeding method in Huanghuai wheat area

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of cross breeding, and particularly discloses a high-yield and gibberellic-disease-resistant wheat breeding method in a Huanghuai wheat area. The method comprises the following steps: hybridizing a high-yield variety or strain as a female parent and a gibberellic disease resistance intermediate-susceptible variety or strain as a male parent, constructing a segregation population through sparse sowing and single-grain sowing, and selecting a single plant; and selecting strains which are not reduced in yield, excellent in comprehensive agronomic character and moderate or higher in gibberellic disease resistance for planting single plants. Planting in an identification garden, selecting and remaining strains with yield increase of more than or equal to 3% and gibberellic disease reaching moderate resistance and above, and selecting superior single ears. Planting in a panicle line nursery, and harvesting panicle lines with excellent agronomic characters and yield superior to that of a control group. And selecting and remaining varieties or strains with yield increase of more than or equal to 3% and moderate resistance to gibberellic disease or yield increase of more than or equal to 5%, moderate infection to gibberellic disease and excellent agronomic characters. The method solves the problem that high yield and disease resistance are difficult to consider in wheat breeding, the bred variety is high in yield level, the gibberellic disease resistance meets production requirements, and the method has large-area popularization and application prospects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of hybrid breeding, and in particular relates to a method for breeding wheat with high yield and resistance to scab in the Huanghuai wheat region. Background Art

[0002] my country is the world's largest wheat producer and consumer, with a wheat planting area of ​​about 350 million mu per year, accounting for 22%-30% of the country's total cultivated land and 22%-27% of the total grain crop area, and an annual output of about 135 million tons, accounting for more than 17% of the world's total. Wheat is the second largest grain crop in my country after rice, and plays an important role in ensuring national food security.

[0003] In recent years, due to frequent climate change, wheat flowering period often encounters rainy weather, causing wheat fusarium head blight, which originally mainly occurred in the wheat-producing areas of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, to gradually spread to the main wheat-producing areas of the Huanghuaihai area, becoming a major disease threatening wheat production. Fusarium head blight not only causes wheat production reduction, but also causes excessive vomitoxin (DON) in grains, seriously threatening food safety and human and animal health. In addition, the cost of prevention and control of fusarium head blight is high, and a large amount of funds need to be invested in disease prevention and control every year.

[0004] At present, there is a lack of wheat varieties resistant to Fusarium head blight in the Huanghuaihai wheat region of my country, and the breeding of disease-resistant varieties is a key measure to control the damage caused by Fusarium head blight. However, wheat Fusarium head blight resistance is a quantitative trait controlled by multiple genes, and the application of a single gene is difficult to form a lasting and stable resistance. Therefore, it is an important way to improve the benefits of my country's wheat industry and ensure food security to establish a comprehensive evaluation system for wheat Fusarium head blight resistance, innovate breeding methods for the coordinated improvement of wheat yield and Fusarium head blight resistance, and cultivate new high-yield Fusarium head blight-resistant wheat varieties. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention aims to provide a wheat breeding method with high yield and resistance to ergot in the Huanghuai wheat region. The method utilizes the natural conditions of areas where ergot often occurs to identify disease resistance on a large scale, combines efficient target trait screening and yield testing procedures, and selects and breeds new wheat varieties with high yield levels and ergot resistance that meets production needs and has prospects for large-scale promotion and application, thereby solving the problems of high yield but no disease resistance or disease resistance but no high yield in the current wheat variety breeding.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A method for breeding high-yield wheat with resistance to scab in the Huanghuai wheat region comprises the following steps: S1. Select high-yield varieties or strains with excellent agronomic traits and good adaptability in the Huanghuai wheat region as female parents, and select resource varieties or strains with excellent agronomic traits and moderate or above resistance to scab as male parents, perform hybridization, and harvest F0 hybrids; S2, expand the parental hybrids, and harvest the F0 hybrids by sparsely planting S1 in the Huanghuai wheat region in mid-to-early October, and mix and harvest the F1 generation after maturity; S3, in early to mid-October, single-seed sowing of F1 seeds harvested from S2 in the Huanghuai wheat region to construct an F2 segregating population with a size of 3,000-6,000 plants, and individual plant selection; S4. Plant the selected plants in S3 in the F3 plant nursery in the Huanghuai wheat region in mid-to-early October; plant them in the natural disease identification nursery from late October to mid-to-early November, and simultaneously evaluate the comprehensive agronomic traits, yield traits and fusarium head blight resistance, and select the plants with no yield reduction, excellent comprehensive agronomic traits and fusarium head blight resistance of medium or above, and continue to eliminate the plants with poor grain fullness or 1000-grain weight less than 40g during indoor seed testing; S5. Plant the strains obtained in S4 in the F4 identification plots in the Huanghuai wheat region in mid-to-early October; plant them in the natural disease identification plots from late October to mid-to-early November, and simultaneously evaluate the comprehensive agronomic traits, yield traits and fusarium head blight resistance, select strains with yield increase ≥3% and medium or higher resistance to fusarium head blight, and select 100-200 superior strains from the selected strains for selection of the best and strain purification; S6, planting the superior line single ears selected from the F4 identification plot obtained in S5 in the F5 ear line plot in the Huanghuai wheat region in mid-to-early October, evaluating the comprehensive agronomic traits and yield traits, and harvesting the ear lines with excellent agronomic traits and higher yield than the control; S7, the superior spike lines obtained in S6 are planted in the Huanghuai wheat region in early to mid-October; and in the natural disease identification field in late October to early to mid-November, and the comprehensive agronomic traits, yield traits and fusarium head blight resistance are evaluated simultaneously, and the varieties or strains with yield increase of ≥3% and moderate resistance to fusarium head blight, or yield increase of ≥5% and moderate fusarium head blight susceptibility and superior agronomic traits are selected; S8. Apply the varieties or strains obtained in S7 to participate in ecological tests, variety comparison tests and regional tests at all levels. After passing the regional tests, they will enter production tests to develop new wheat varieties or strains that are high-yielding and moderately resistant to ergot in the Huanghuai wheat region.

[0007] Preferably, in S1, the high-yield variety or strain is a variety or strain that increases yield by more than 5% compared with the control in a regional trial in the Huanghuai wheat region or creates a high-yield yield of more than 800 kilograms per mu, the hybridization method is single cross or triple cross, and the annual configuration of the hybrid combination is at least 100.

[0008] Preferably, in S2, the F0 hybrids harvested in S1 are sparsely planted in 2-row plots, 2 meters in row length, and 25 centimeters in row spacing in the Huanghuai wheat region in mid-to-early October, and mixed harvested after maturity to harvest the F1 generation.

[0009] Preferably, in S3, in early to mid-October, in the Huanghuai wheat region, the F1 seeds harvested in S2 are sown individually at a plant × row spacing of 20 × 20 cm to construct an F2 segregating population.

[0010] Preferably, in S3, individual plants are selected based on plant height, plant type, ear set and field disease and stress resistance during the yellowing period, and individual plants with poor grain fullness or 1000-grain weight below 40 g are eliminated during indoor seed testing, and the selected individual plants are numbered according to the combination.

[0011] Preferably, in S4, in early to mid-October, the seeds are planted in a F3 line nursery in the Huanghuai wheat region in a pattern of 2 rows x 2 meters, a row width of 0.25 meters, and a sowing density of 180,000 basic seedlings per mu.

[0012] Preferably, in S4, in late October to early mid-November, the seeds are planted in a natural disease identification nursery in 1-2 row areas with a row length of 2 meters, a row width of 0.25 meters, and a sowing density of 160,000 to 180,000 basic seedlings.

[0013] Preferably, in S4, the natural disease identification nursery is established in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River where wheat fusarium wilt often occurs, adjacent to the Huanghuai wheat region. The region is located at 31-32 degrees north latitude, in the wheat field, and the soil in the region is lakeside sandy night tidal soil. The incidence of wheat fusarium wilt shows a stable trend from year to year, the disease is moderate, and the differentiation is good.

[0014] Preferably, in S4, the natural disease identification area has abundant rainfall during the heading and flowering period of wheat, high field humidity, sufficient spores of wheat fusarium spores, and an average temperature of 15-20°C, which is conducive to the occurrence of wheat fusarium spores, and the pathogen composition is similar to that of the Huanghuai wheat region.

[0015] Preferably, in S4, in the Huanghuai wheat region, a yield control variety is set for every 20 plant lines, Zhoumai 18 is used as the yield control, and the agronomic trait setting standards are plant height 75-80 cm, 1000-grain weight 45-50 g, winter seedling frost damage no higher than level 3, and annual regional test lodging degree ≤ level 3, or the proportion of test points with lodging area ≤40.0% is ≥70%.

[0016] Preferably, in S4, the identification of resistance to ergot in the natural disease identification nursery is performed according to the NY / T 2954-2016 standard, with Annong 8455 as the control for ergot susceptibleness, Yangmai 13 as the control for moderate ergot susceptibleness, Yangmai 158 or Zhengmai 9023 as the control for moderate resistance to ergot, and Sumai No. 3 as the control for resistance to ergot.

[0017] Preferably, in S5, in early to mid-October, 6 rows x 8.7 meters, a sowing density of 180,000 basic seedlings, and 1 repetition mode are planted in the F4 identification nursery in the Huanghuai wheat region.

[0018] Preferably, in S5, the wheat in the Huanghuai region is planted in plots, and a yield control plot is set every 6-8 plots, Zhoumai 18 is used as the yield control, and the identification of ergot resistance in the natural disease identification nursery is carried out according to the NY / T 2954-2016 standard, Annong 8455 is used as the ergot susceptible control, Yangmai 13 is used as the moderately susceptible ergot control, Yangmai 158 or Zhengmai 9023 is used as the moderately resistant ergot control, and Sumai No. 3 is used as the ergot resistance control.

[0019] Preferably, in S6, the F5 spike line nursery is planted in the Huanghuai wheat region in early to mid-October in a row of 1×2 meters with a row width of 0.25 meters.

[0020] Preferably, in S6, in the Huanghuai wheat region, Zhoumai 18 is used as the yield control, and the agronomic trait setting standards are plant height 75-80 cm, 1000-grain weight 45-50 g, winter seedling frost damage no higher than level 3, and annual regional test lodging degree ≤ level 3, or the proportion of test points with lodging area ≤40.0% is ≥70%.

[0021] Preferably, in S7, the Huanghuai wheat region is planted in plots with an area of ​​10 square meters and 2-3 replicates, Zhoumai 18 is used as the yield control, the agronomic trait setting standards are plant height 75-80 cm, 1000-grain weight 45-50 g, winter seedling frost damage is not higher than level 3, the annual regional test lodging degree is ≤ level 3, or the proportion of test points with lodging area ≤40.0% is ≥70%, and the identification of fusarium resistance in the natural disease identification nursery is carried out according to NY / T 2954-2016 standard, Annong 8455 is used as the control for fusarium susceptibility, Yangmai 13 is used as the control for moderate fusarium susceptibility, Yangmai 158 or Zhengmai 9023 are used as the control for moderate fusarium resistant, and Sumai No. 3 is used as the control for fusarium resistant.

[0022] The present invention also provides a natural disease identification garden, the selection requirements are as follows: The natural disease identification nursery was established in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, which is adjacent to the Huanghuai wheat region and where wheat fusarium spores often occur. The area is located at 31-32 degrees north latitude. There is a lot of rain during the heading and flowering period of wheat in the region, the field humidity is high, and there are sufficient spores of wheat fusarium spores. The average temperature is 15-20℃, which is conducive to the occurrence of wheat fusarium spores. The pathogen composition is similar to that in the Huanghuai wheat region. The selected natural disease identification nursery is located in the wheat field. The soil in the area is sandy night tidal soil by the lake. The incidence of wheat fusarium spores shows a stable trend from year to year, the condition is moderate, and the differentiation is good.

[0023] The present invention also provides a classification evaluation system for wheat scab resistance evaluation, as follows: (1) F1-F3 early breeding generations, using visual judgment 1-5 disease levels; (2) F4-F6 breeding generations, recording the disease degree and calculating the disease index; (3) For lines that meet the breeding goals and have outstanding yield and agronomic traits, artificial inoculation and natural disease identification are combined. Among them, the scab resistance identification is carried out in accordance with the "Technical Specifications for Identification of Wheat Regional Trial Varieties for Resistance to Scab (NY / T 2954-2016)".

[0024] The invention discloses a wheat breeding method with high yield and resistance to scab in Huanghuai wheat region, wherein high-yield varieties or strains with excellent agronomic traits and good adaptability in Huanghuai wheat region are used as female parents, and resource varieties or strains with excellent agronomic traits and moderate or above resistance to scab are used as male parents, hybrids are harvested, and a segregation population is constructed, and the F2 generation segregation population of each combination should reach 3000-6000 plants. A combination of sparse planting and dense planting of "F2 single plant-F3 plant row-F4 identification plot and single ear selection-F5 ear row-F6 variety ratio" is adopted to screen offspring materials with excellent comprehensive agronomic traits and coordinated three elements of ear number, ear grain number, and grain weight yield.

[0025] Based on the above-mentioned offspring materials, the yield level is identified through large-scale plot identification and ecological adaptability testing; simultaneously, resistance to ergot disease is screened through identification at natural disease sites; and new wheat varieties with high yield and resistance to ergot disease are bred comprehensively.

[0026] Based on the comprehensive yield data and the results of the ergot resistance identification, varieties or strains with a yield increase of ≥3% over the control, moderate resistance to ergot (MR), or a yield increase of ≥5%, moderate susceptibility to ergot (MS) and excellent agronomic traits are selected and recommended to participate in ecological testing, variety comparison trials and regional trials at all levels.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and technical effects: The present invention achieves the breeding goal of synergistically improving yield and resistance to fusarium scab by adopting an efficient yield screening procedure in the main wheat producing areas of Huanghuai and combining it with large-scale natural disease identification in areas where fusarium scab often occurs, and can breed new wheat varieties with high yield and good resistance to fusarium scab. The specific technical effects are as follows: (1) Efficient parent combination and separation generation screening: Through scientific parent selection and hybrid combination, we can quickly identify offspring materials with excellent comprehensive traits and coordinated three elements of yield, significantly shortening the breeding cycle and improving breeding efficiency.

[0028] (2) Advantages of natural disease identification: The wheat areas in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River are used as the identification points for Fusarium head blight resistance. Large-scale natural disease identification is carried out by taking advantage of the abundant rainfall, suitable temperature and humidity, and natural spread of pathogen spores. This method is more time-saving and labor-saving than the traditional single flower drip inoculation method, and the disease conditions are more sufficient and uniform. It can take into account both anti-invasion and anti-expansion resistance characteristics at the same time, and is closer to the actual field production.

[0029] (3) Data integration and improved breeding accuracy: Through the large-scale natural disease resistance screening data in areas where Fusarium head blight often occurs, combined with a large number of yield test results in the Huanghuai wheat region, the accuracy of achieving breeding goals has been further improved. A certain compensation is set between yield and resistance, which significantly increases the probability of breeding lines that are both high-yielding and resistant to Fusarium head blight, meeting actual production needs.

[0030] In summary, the present invention not only improves the breeding efficiency by optimizing the breeding process and identification method, but also significantly improves the comprehensive performance of new wheat varieties in terms of yield and resistance to ergot disease, providing important technical support for the sustainable development of the wheat industry in the Huanghuai wheat region.

[0031] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below through the accompanying drawings and embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 A breeding method and technical route for the coordinated improvement of wheat yield and fusarium head blight resistance in the Huanghuai wheat region; Figure 2 To identify the wheat fusarium phenotype for the natural occurrence of fusarium fusarium in Guohe, Lujiang. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The technical solution of the present invention is further described below through the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0034] Unless otherwise defined, technical or scientific terms used in the present invention shall have the common meanings understood by one having ordinary skills in the field to which the present invention belongs.

[0035] In the present invention, unless otherwise specified, other test materials and instruments and equipment are conventional test materials in the art and can be purchased through commercial channels.

[0036] Example 1 A method for breeding high-yield wheat with resistance to scab in the Huanghuai wheat region comprises the following steps: S1. Select Jimai 22, a high-yield variety in the Huanghuai wheat region, as the female parent. This variety is susceptible to scab. (M0959 / 168) F1 is used as the male parent. This variety is moderately susceptible to scab and its resistance comes from 168 in the male parent. In April 2009, a hybrid combination was prepared in Dayangdian Agricultural Park, Hefei. The variety selection was single cross. The hybridization technology used artificial emasculation and bag pollination for sexual hybridization, and the F0 hybrid was harvested. S2, parental hybrids: On October 10, 2009, at Wupu Farm in Suixi County, Huaibei, Anhui Province, sparsely sowed and planted F0 hybrids from S1 in 2-row areas, 2-meter row length, and 25-cm row spacing. After maturity, they were mixed and harvested to obtain the F1 generation, with the combination number 11186; S3. On October 12, 2010, at Wupu Farm Base in Suixi County, Huaibei, Anhui Province, single seeds of F1 generation harvested from S2 were sown at a plant × row spacing of 20 × 20 cm to construct an F2 generation segregation population with a size of 4,000 plants. During the yellowing period, single plants were selected based on plant height, plant type, ear fruitiness, and field disease resistance and stress resistance. During indoor seed testing, single plants with poor grain fullness or 1,000-grain weight below 40 g were eliminated. The selected single plants were numbered according to the combination. A total of 62 single plants were selected this year. S4. The 62 individual plants selected from S3 were planted in the F3 plant nursery of Wupu Farm Base, Suixi County, Huaibei, Anhui Province on October 16, 2011, in 2 rows × 2 meters, 0.25 meters in row width, and a sowing density of 180,000 basic seedlings per mu. A yield control variety was set for every 20 plant lines, with Zhoumai 18 as the yield control. Conventional agronomic traits and disease resistance and stress resistance were observed and recorded throughout the growth period, with a focus on traits such as plant height, number of ears, number of grains per ear, 1000-grain weight, grain commerciality, and yield. Among them, the agronomic trait setting standards are plant height 75-80 cm, 1000-grain weight 45-50 grams, winter seedling frost damage not higher than level 3, and the proportion of test points with lodging degree ≤ level 3 or lodging area ≤ 40.0% in each regional test is ≥ 70%.

[0037] It was established in Guohe Town, Lujiang County, Hefei City, Anhui Province (between 31-32 degrees north latitude, belonging to the wheat-growing area in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the same below). The soil in this area is sandy night tidal soil by the lake. There is a lot of rain during the wheat heading and flowering period, the field humidity is high, the spores of wheat fusarium spores are sufficient, and the average temperature is 15-20℃, which is used for the natural onset of wheat fusarium spores.

[0038] On November 3, the seedlings were planted in the natural scab identification nursery of Guohe, Lujiang Province, with 2 rows, 2 meters in length, 0.25 meters in width, and a sowing density of 180,000 basic seedlings. Annong 8455 was used as the control for scab susceptibility, Yangmai 13 as the control for moderate scab susceptibility, Yangmai 158 or Zhengmai 9023 as the control for moderate scab resistance, and Sumai 3 as the control for scab resistance. Routine field management was carried out, and on May 13 of the following year, the occurrence of scab in the field of the test materials of this year was investigated in accordance with the Technical Regulations for Identification of Resistance to Scab of Wheat Regional Test Varieties (NY / T 2954-2016). Comprehensive agronomic traits, yield traits and resistance to ergot were evaluated simultaneously. This year, there were 8 lines that met the requirements of no yield reduction compared with the control and moderate susceptibility to ergot or above, namely line 3122 (0.65%, moderately susceptible to ergot), line 3123 (1.65%, moderately resistant to ergot), line 3127 (8.21%, moderately susceptible to ergot), line 3129 (5.62%, moderately resistant to ergot), line 3133 (4.52%, moderately susceptible to ergot), line 3142 (3.52%, moderately resistant to ergot), line 3142 (3.52%, moderately susceptible to ergot), line 3145 (6.02%, moderately susceptible to ergot), line 3147 (4.21%, moderately resistant to ergot), and line 3150 (5.56%, moderately susceptible to ergot).

[0039] S5. The 8 lines obtained in S4 were planted in the F4 identification field of Wupu Farm in Suixi County on October 15, 2012, in a sowing density of 180,000 basic seedlings in 6 rows × 8.7 meters and 1 repetition mode. They were planted in plots, with a yield control plot set up every 6-8 plots. Zhoumai 18 was used as the yield control. Conventional agronomic traits and disease and stress resistance were observed and recorded throughout the growth period, with emphasis on traits such as plant height, number of ears, number of grains per ear, 1000-grain weight, grain commercial quality, and yield. Lines with yield increases less than 3% over the control and lines with obvious shortcomings in agronomic traits were eliminated. Among them, the agronomic trait setting standards were plant height of 75-80 cm, 1000-grain weight of 45-50 g, winter frost damage at the seedling stage not higher than level 3, and the proportion of test sites with lodging degree ≤ level 3 or lodging area ≤40.0% in regional tests each year was ≥70%.

[0040] On November 1, the seedlings were planted in the natural scab identification nursery of Guohe, Lujiang, with 2 rows, 2 meters in length, 0.25 meters in width, and a sowing density of 180,000 basic seedlings. Annong 8455 was used as the control for scab susceptibility, Yangmai 13 as the control for moderate scab susceptibility, Yangmai 158 or Zhengmai 9023 as the control for moderate scab resistance, and Sumai 3 as the control for scab resistance. Routine field management was carried out, and on May 13 of the following year, the occurrence of scab in the field of the test materials of this year was investigated in accordance with the Technical Regulations for Identification of Resistance to Scab of Wheat Regional Trial Varieties (NY / T 2954-2016). The comprehensive agronomic traits, yield traits and scab resistance were evaluated simultaneously, and the lines with scab resistance lower than moderate susceptibility were eliminated. There are three varieties this year, namely Ⅰ-186 (5.01%, moderately susceptible to ergot), Ⅰ-188 (4.24%, moderately resistant to ergot), and Ⅰ-189 (5.36%, moderately resistant to ergot). 200 single ears were selected for each variety.

[0041] S6. The superior single ear selected from the F4 identification plot obtained in S5 was planted in the F5 ear plot of Wupu Farm Base in Suixi County on October 12, 2013 in a row of 1×2 meters and a row width of 0.25 meters. The best of the best was selected. The conventional agronomic traits and disease resistance and stress resistance were observed and recorded throughout the growth period. The focus was on traits such as plant height, number of ears, number of grains per ear, 1000-grain weight, grain commerciality, and yield. The comprehensive agronomic traits and yield traits were evaluated, and the ear lines with excellent agronomic traits and better yield than the control were harvested. Among them, Zhoumai 18 was used as the yield control, and the agronomic trait setting standards were plant height of 75-80 cm, 1000-grain weight of 45-50 grams, winter seedling frost damage of no higher than level 3, and the proportion of test points with lodging degree ≤ level 3 or lodging area ≤ 40.0% in the regional test each year was ≥ 70%. A total of 32 ear lines were selected this year, of which 10, 8, and 14 were from lines Ⅰ-186, Ⅰ-188, and Ⅰ-189, respectively.

[0042] S7. The superior spike lines obtained in S6 were sown on October 14, 2014 at the Wupu Farm Experimental Base in Suixi County, with a plot area of ​​10 square meters and two replicates. A yield control Zhoumai 18 was set to record field agronomic traits, yield traits, and disease and stress resistance traits. The agronomic trait setting standards were plant height of 75-80 cm, 1000-grain weight of 45-50 g, winter frost damage at the seedling stage not higher than level 3, and the proportion of test sites with lodging degree ≤ level 3 or lodging area ≤40.0% in each regional test was ≥70%.

[0043] On November 4, the seedlings were planted in the natural identification nursery of Guohe, Lujiang Province, with 2 rows, 2 meters long and 0.25 meters wide, and a sowing density of 180,000 basic seedlings. Annong 8455 was used as the control for scab susceptibility, Yangmai 13 as the control for moderate scab susceptibility, Yangmai 158 or Zhengmai 9023 as the control for moderate scab resistance, and Sumai No. 3 as the control for scab resistance. Conventional field management was carried out, and on May 13 of the following year, the occurrence of scab in the field of the experimental materials of this year was investigated in accordance with the "Technical Regulations for Identification of Resistance to Fusarium Head Blight in Regional Wheat Trial Varieties (NY / T 2954-2016)". The comprehensive agronomic traits, yield traits and scab resistance were evaluated simultaneously. The selected line 10 of the selected line Ⅰ-189 increased the yield by 5.36% compared with the control Zhoumai 18, and the moderate resistance to scab (disease index 26.5, the disease index of the scab moderate resistance control was 30.2), which met the breeding goals; S8. Name the preferred line 10 of the variety Ⅰ-189 obtained by S7 as Annong 1589. Starting from October 2014, it applied to participate in ecological tests, variety comparison tests and regional tests at all levels, and was approved by the National Crop Variety Approval Committee in 2021 (National Wheat Approval No. 20210085). The regional trial yield results are as follows: in 2017-2018, it participated in the national wheat variety joint research and development project in the southern part of the Huanghuai winter wheat area, with an average yield of 446.2 kg per mu, an increase of 4.2% over the control Zhoumai 18; in 2018-2019, the continued trial had an average yield of 581.2 kg per mu, an increase of 5.5% over the control Zhoumai 18; the result of the inoculation identification of ergot disease was: moderately susceptible; the result of the natural occurrence of ergot disease was: moderately resistant. During the demonstration planting, on May 21, 2022, Anhui Wannong Seed Industry invited experts from Suzhou City, Yongqiao District and other departments to conduct on-site yield measurement of Annong 1589 planted in the National Modern Agricultural Industrial Park in Yongqiao District. The average effective ears per mu were 489,300, the average number of grains per ear was 42.35, and the thousand-grain weight was calculated according to the approved announcement of 42.9 grams, with a theoretical yield of 888.96 kg. On June 7, 2023, the National Agricultural Technology Center organized experts to conduct actual yield measurement on the 500-mu continuous planting of Annong 1589 in Qinxu Village, Huigu Town, Yongqiao District, Suzhou City. 3.96 mu were randomly selected, and the measured fresh weight of grains was 3,270 kg, the moisture content was 13.5%, and the impurities were 0.1%. According to the standard moisture content of 13%, the actual yield per mu was 820.7 kg. Lujiang Guohe Fusarium Natural Onset Identification Garden, the results of the natural onset identification of Fusarium scab are shown in Tables 1 and Figure 2 .

[0044] Table 1 Identification results of natural occurrence of fusarium head blight

[0045] As shown in Table 1, Annong 1589 reached the medium resistance level in the natural outbreak identification of Fusarium fusarium in Guohe, Lujiang in 2017 and 2018.

[0046] Depend on Figure 2 It can be seen that under the same conditions of natural outbreak identification of Fusarium head blight in Guohe, Lujiang, Annong 1589 showed a lower diseased ear rate and severity.

[0047] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify or replace the technical solution of the present invention with equivalents, and these modifications or equivalent replacements cannot cause the modified technical solution to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for breeding wheat with high yield and resistance to scab in the Huanghuai wheat region, characterized in that: The steps include: S1. Select high-yield varieties or strains with excellent agronomic traits and good adaptability in the Huanghuai wheat region as female parents, and select resource varieties or strains with excellent agronomic traits and moderate or above resistance to scab as male parents, perform hybridization, and harvest F0 hybrids; S2, expand the parental hybrids, and harvest the F0 hybrids by sparsely planting S1 in the Huanghuai wheat region in mid-to-early October, and mix and harvest the F1 generation after maturity; S3, in early to mid-October, single-seed sowing of F1 seeds harvested from S2 in the Huanghuai wheat region to construct an F2 segregating population with a size of 3,000-6,000 plants, and individual plant selection; S4. Plant the selected plants in S3 in the F3 plant nursery in the Huanghuai wheat region in mid-to-early October; plant them in the natural disease identification nursery from late October to mid-to-early November, and simultaneously evaluate the comprehensive agronomic traits, yield traits and fusarium head blight resistance, and select the plants with no yield reduction, excellent comprehensive agronomic traits and fusarium head blight resistance of medium or above, and continue to eliminate the plants with poor grain fullness or 1000-grain weight less than 40g during indoor seed testing; S5. Plant the strains obtained in S4 in the F4 identification plots in the Huanghuai wheat region in mid-to-early October; plant them in the natural disease identification plots from late October to mid-to-early November, and simultaneously evaluate the comprehensive agronomic traits, yield traits and fusarium head blight resistance, select strains with yield increase ≥3% and medium or higher resistance to fusarium head blight, and select 100-200 superior strains from the selected strains for selection of the best and strain purification; S6, planting the superior line single ears selected from the F4 identification plot obtained in S5 in the F5 ear line plot in the Huanghuai wheat region in mid-to-early October, evaluating the comprehensive agronomic traits and yield traits, and harvesting the ear lines with excellent agronomic traits and higher yield than the control; S7, the superior spike lines obtained in S6 are planted in the Huanghuai wheat region in early to mid-October; and in the natural disease identification field in late October to early to mid-November, and the comprehensive agronomic traits, yield traits and fusarium head blight resistance are evaluated simultaneously, and the varieties or strains with yield increase of ≥3% and moderate resistance to fusarium head blight, or yield increase of ≥5% and moderate fusarium head blight susceptibility and superior agronomic traits are selected; S8. Apply the varieties or strains obtained in S7 to participate in ecological tests, variety comparison tests and regional tests at all levels. After passing the regional tests, they will enter production tests to develop new wheat varieties or strains that are high-yielding and moderately resistant to ergot in the Huanghuai wheat region.

2. The breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S1, the high-yield varieties or strains are varieties or strains that have increased yields by more than 5% compared with the control in regional trials in the Huanghuai wheat region or have created a high-yield yield of more than 800 kilograms per mu, the hybridization method is single cross or triple cross, and the annual configuration of the hybrid combination is at least 100.

3. The breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S3, individual plants were selected during the yellowing period based on plant height, plant type, ear set, and field disease and stress resistance. During indoor seed testing, individual plants with poor grain fullness or 1000-grain weight below 40 g were eliminated, and the selected individual plants were numbered according to the combination.

4. The breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S4, the natural disease identification field was established in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River where wheat fusarium wilt often occurs, adjacent to the Huanghuai wheat region. The area is located at 31-32 degrees north latitude, in the wheat fields. The soil in the area is sandy night soil by the lake. The incidence of wheat fusarium wilt showed a stable trend from year to year, the disease was moderate, and the differentiation was good.

5. The breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S4, in the Huanghuai wheat region, a yield control variety is set for every 20 plant lines, Zhoumai 18 is used as the yield control, and the agronomic traits are set as plant height 75-80 cm, 1000-grain weight 45-50 g, winter frost damage at the seedling stage is no higher than level 3, and the proportion of test points with lodging degree ≤ level 3 or lodging area ≤40.0% in regional tests each year is ≥70%.

6. The breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S4, the identification of resistance to ergot in the natural disease identification nursery was carried out in accordance with the NY / T 2954-2016 standard, with Annong 8455 as the control for ergot susceptibleness, Yangmai 13 as the control for moderate ergot susceptibleness, Yangmai 158 or Zhengmai 9023 as the control for moderate resistance to ergot, and Sumai No. 3 as the control for resistance to ergot.

7. The breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S5, the Huanghuai wheat region was planted in plots, with a yield control plot set up every 6-8 plots. Zhoumai 18 was used as the yield control, and the identification of ergot resistance in the natural disease identification nursery was carried out according to NY / T 2954-2016 standard, with Annong 8455 as the control for ergot susceptibleness, Yangmai 13 as the control for moderate ergot susceptibleness, Yangmai 158 or Zhengmai 9023 as the control for moderate resistance to ergot, and Sumai No. 3 as the control for resistance to ergot.

8. The breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S6, in the Huanghuai wheat region, Zhoumai 18 was used as the yield control, and the agronomic traits were set at a plant height of 75-80 cm, 1,000-grain weight of 45-50 g, and winter frost damage at the seedling stage not higher than level 3. In each regional test, the lodging degree was ≤ level 3, or the proportion of test points with lodging area ≤40.0% was ≥70%.

9. The breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S7, the Huanghuai wheat region was planted in plots with an area of ​​10 square meters and 2-3 replicates. Zhoumai 18 was used as the yield control. The agronomic traits were set at a plant height of 75-80 cm, a 1000-grain weight of 45-50 g, and frost damage in the seedling stage in winter was no higher than level 3. The lodging degree in the regional test was ≤ level 3 each year, or the proportion of test points with a lodging area ≤ 40.0% was ≥ 70%. The identification of ergot resistance in the natural disease identification nursery was carried out in accordance with NY / T 2954-2016, with Annong 8455 as the control for ergot susceptibleness, Yangmai 13 as the control for moderate ergot susceptibleness, Yangmai 158 or Zhengmai 9023 as the control for moderate resistance to ergot, and Sumai No. 3 as the control for resistance to ergot.

Images