Method for preventing and treating grape heat damage and application

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for preventing and treating grape heat damage and application. The potassium fulvate type resistance inducer and / or the seaweed essence type resistance inducer are / is used for preventing and treating grape heat damage, the problems of scorched leaves and soft fruits of grapes can be solved, the heat damage index is 9.6-14.8, the heat damage occurrence rate is greatly reduced, the leaf structure of the grapes in the high-temperature period is improved, and the yield of the grapes is increased. Increasing the leaf thickness, mesophyll thickness, upper epidermis thickness, lower epidermis thickness and fence tissue thickness of the grapes in the high-temperature period; the leaf area and chlorophyll content of grapes in the high-temperature period are increased, the photosynthetic capacity is improved, the appearance and quality of grapes are improved, the yield and quality of grapes are ensured, and the labor cost is saved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for preventing and controlling heat damage of grapes and an application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Against the backdrop of global climate change, extreme weather events are becoming more frequent, average temperatures are rising year by year, and high-temperature events are becoming increasingly frequent. High temperatures have become a common meteorological disaster. In meteorology, high temperatures are generally defined as a daily maximum temperature reaching or exceeding 35°C, while extreme heatwaves refer to temperatures remaining above 35°C for multiple consecutive days.

[0003] Grapes are sensitive to temperature conditions, with an optimal growth temperature range of 20-30°C. When the temperature rises above 35°C, the growth of grape leaves will be inhibited. High temperature heat damage can pose a serious threat to the normal growth and development of grapes. It not only affects cellular respiration and photosynthesis, but also interferes with the normal metabolic activities of cells. It can cause significant damage to the leaves, roots, and fruits of grape plants, leading to blocked flower bud differentiation, poor fruit coloring, reduced fruit quality, and the induction of air burn and sunburn diseases. In production, existing cultivation methods rely on manual temperature regulation in greenhouses. The film is manually peeled off in sections to open and close the skylight for insulation and heat dissipation. If conditions permit, a manual film shaker is installed to open and close the skylight to control the temperature. In the event of abnormal weather, the greenhouse is opened and closed multiple times a day, which is labor-intensive and time-consuming, and is prone to high temperature heat damage and high temperature barriers. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method and application for preventing and controlling heat damage in grapes, thereby solving the problems of scorched leaves, soft fruits and reduced yield of grapes caused by high temperature weather, reducing the heat damage index and the incidence of heat damage, improving photosynthetic capacity, ensuring grape yield and quality, and saving costs.

[0005] The present invention provides the use of an inducer in preventing and controlling heat damage to grapes, wherein the inducer comprises a potassium fulvic acid-type inducer and / or a seaweed essence-type inducer;

[0006] The potassium fulvic acid inducer comprises 35-40 wt.% of fulvic acid, 5 wt.% of humic acid, 12-15 wt.% of potassium oxide, 40-45 wt.% of organic matter and 0.2-0.3 wt.% of lentinan;

[0007] The seaweed essence inducer comprises 20-25 wt.% of alginic acid, 40-45 wt.% of organic matter, 15-20 wt.% of potassium oxide, 6-10 wt.% of humic acid, 2.0-5.0 wt.% of mannitol and 0.2-0.3 wt.% of betaine.

[0008] The present invention provides a method for preventing and controlling heat damage in grapes, wherein an inducer is applied once during the grape fruit expansion period and ripening period respectively; the inducer comprises a potassium fulvic acid type inducer and / or a seaweed essence type inducer;

[0009] The potassium fulvic acid inducer comprises 35-40 wt.% of fulvic acid, 5 wt.% of humic acid, 12-15 wt.% of potassium oxide, 40-45 wt.% of organic matter and 0.2-0.3 wt.% of lentinan;

[0010] The seaweed essence inducer comprises 20-25 wt.% of alginic acid, 40-45 wt.% of organic matter, 15-20 wt.% of potassium oxide, 6-10 wt.% of humic acid, 2.0-5.0 wt.% of mannitol and 0.2-0.3 wt.% of betaine.

[0011] Preferably, the application method includes spraying.

[0012] Preferably, the grapes are shaped during their growth to maintain a bird-shaped leaf curtain.

[0013] Preferably, during the growth of the grapes, when the temperature is ≥35°C, the tree crowns are sprayed with water at 6:00 pm every day to cool down and increase humidity, and drip irrigation is performed for 25 to 35 minutes at 6:00 am every two days. Watering for cooling is prohibited at noon.

[0014] The present invention also provides the use of the method described in the above technical solution in improving the agronomic traits of grapes during high temperature period; the agronomic traits include one or more of leaf structure, leaf area, chlorophyll content, fruit appearance and fruit quality.

[0015] Preferably, the leaf structure includes one or more of leaf thickness, mesophyll thickness, leaf upper epidermis thickness, leaf lower epidermis thickness, leaf palisade tissue thickness and leaf spongy tissue thickness.

[0016] Preferably, the fruit appearance and fruit quality include one or more of ear mass, ear length, ear width, grain mass, soluble solids content, titratable acid content and solid-acid ratio.

[0017] Beneficial effects:

[0018] The present invention uses potassium fulvic acid and / or seaweed extract for preventing and controlling heat damage in grapes, thereby ensuring that the leaf thickness of grapes (such as Sunshine Rose) is ≥0.175 mm, the leaf spongy tissue thickness is ≥0.090 mm, the chlorophyll content is ≥50 mg / g, the soluble solids content is ≥19%, and the titratable content is ≤0.3%. The problems of scorched leaves and soft fruits in grapes are solved, and the heat damage index is 9.6-14.8. The incidence of heat damage is greatly reduced, the leaf structure of grapes in high temperature periods is improved, and the leaf thickness, mesophyll thickness, upper epidermis thickness, lower epidermis thickness, and palisade tissue thickness of grapes in high temperature periods are increased. The leaf area and chlorophyll content of grapes in high temperature periods are increased, the photosynthetic capacity is improved, the appearance and quality of grape fruits are improved, the yield and quality of grapes are ensured, and labor costs are saved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments are briefly introduced below.

[0020] Figure 1 The occurrence of heat damage on the leaves of 'Sunshine Rose' treated with different inducers;

[0021] Figure 2 The effects of different elicitors on leaf area and chlorophyll content of 'Sunshine Rose'; different letters indicate significant differences (P < 0.05);

[0022] Figure 3 The results of correlation analysis on leaf and fruit indicators of 'Sunshine Rose' treated with different elicitors. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The present invention provides the use of an inducer in preventing and controlling heat damage to grapes. The inducer includes a potassium fulvic acid-type inducer and / or a seaweed essence-type inducer; the potassium fulvic acid-type inducer includes 35-40 wt.% of fulvic acid, 5 wt.% of humic acid, 12-15 wt.% of potassium oxide, 40-45 wt.% of organic matter and 0.2-0.3 wt.% of lentinan; the seaweed essence-type inducer includes 20-25 wt.% of alginate, 40-45 wt.% of organic matter, 15-20 wt.% of potassium oxide, 2.0-5.0 wt.% of mannitol and 0.2-0.3 wt.% of betaine.

[0024] As one embodiment, the potassium fulvic acid-type inducer of the present invention comprises 35.0 wt.% of fulvic acid, 5.0 wt.% of humic acid, 14.8 wt.% of potassium oxide, 45.0 wt.% of organic matter, and 0.2 wt.% of lentinan. As one embodiment, the seaweed essence-type inducer of the present invention comprises 25 wt.% of alginic acid, 45 wt.% of organic matter, 18 wt.% of potassium oxide, 8.8 wt.% of humic acid, 3.0 wt.% of mannitol, and 0.2 wt.% of betaine.

[0025] As an embodiment, the grape heat damage control described in the present invention is heat damage control during the high temperature period. As an embodiment, the high temperature period described in the present invention has an average air temperature of 32.6°C, an average humidity of 75.8%, a maximum temperature of 47°C, and a temperature above 40°C for 26 days; an average grape leaf temperature of 33.0°C, a maximum temperature of 46.3°C, and a temperature above 40°C for 28 days; and an average soil temperature of 28.8°C and an average humidity of 23.0%.

[0026] The present invention utilizes potassium fulvic acid and / or seaweed extract-based inducers to achieve grape leaf thickness ≥ 0.175 mm, leaf spongy tissue thickness ≥ 0.090 mm, chlorophyll content ≥ 50 mg / g, soluble solids content ≥ 19%, and titratable solids content ≤ 0.3%. In one embodiment, the grape variety described in the present invention is 'Sunshine Rose'. While the 'Sunshine Rose' variety is used as an example in the examples, this should not be construed as the sole embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] The present invention provides a method for preventing and controlling heat damage in grapes. An inducer is applied once during the grape fruit expansion period and ripening period, respectively. The inducer comprises a potassium fulvic acid-type inducer and / or a seaweed essence-type inducer. The potassium fulvic acid-type inducer comprises 35-40 wt.% of fulvic acid, 5 wt.% of humic acid, 12-15 wt.% of potassium oxide, 40-45 wt.% of organic matter, and 0.2-0.3 wt.% of lentinan. The seaweed essence-type inducer comprises 20-25 wt.% of alginic acid, 40-45 wt.% of organic matter, 15-20 wt.% of potassium oxide, 2.0-5.0 wt.% of mannitol, and 0.2-0.3 wt.% of betaine. In one embodiment, the inducer comprises a potassium fulvic acid-type inducer or a seaweed essence-type inducer. As one embodiment, the potassium fulvic acid-type inducer of the present invention comprises 35 wt.% fulvic acid, 5 wt.% humic acid, 14.8 wt.% potassium oxide, 45 wt.% organic matter, and 0.2 wt.% lentinan. As one embodiment, the seaweed essence-type inducer of the present invention comprises 25 wt.% alginic acid, 45 wt.% organic matter, 18 wt.% potassium oxide, 8.8 wt.% humic acid, 3.0 wt.% mannitol, and 0.2 wt.% betaine.

[0028] The present invention utilizes a potassium fulvate-based inducer to activate the immune system, regulate metabolism, and enhance the plant's stress resistance, thereby reducing the incidence of heat damage, while also improving leaf structure and enhancing fruit quality. The present invention utilizes a seaweed extract-based inducer to activate the immune system, regulate metabolism, and enhance the plant's stress resistance, thereby reducing the incidence of heat damage, while also improving leaf structure and increasing fruit and ear size.

[0029] As an embodiment, the application method of the present invention includes spraying. There is no strict requirement for the application amount of the inducer of the present invention. It can be sprayed evenly on the whole plant to allow the liquid to evenly adhere to the fruit and leaves without dripping.

[0030] As an embodiment, the present invention performs shaping during the growth of the grapes to maintain a bird-shaped leaf curtain. The present invention has no strict requirements on the specific steps of the shaping, and conventional methods in the art can be used.

[0031] As one embodiment, the present invention is to spray water on the crown of the grapes at 6:00 p.m. every day for cooling and humidification when the temperature is ≥35°C during the growth process of the grapes, drip irrigation is performed at 6:00 a.m. every two days for 25 to 35 minutes, and watering for cooling is prohibited at noon; as another embodiment, the present invention is to spray water on the crown of the grapes at 6:00 p.m. every day for cooling and humidification when the temperature is ≥35°C during the growth process of the grapes, drip irrigation is performed at 6:00 a.m. every two days for 30 minutes, and watering for cooling is prohibited at noon.

[0032] As an embodiment, the grape variety of the present invention is 'Sunshine Rose'. The present invention is described in the embodiments using 'Sunshine Rose' as an example, but this should not be construed as the entire scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] The present invention also provides the use of the method described in the above technical solution in improving the agronomic traits of grapes during high temperature period; the agronomic traits include one or more of leaf structure, leaf area, chlorophyll content, fruit appearance and fruit quality.

[0034] In one embodiment, the leaf structure described herein includes one or more of leaf thickness, mesophyll thickness, leaf upper epidermis thickness, leaf lower epidermis thickness, leaf palisade thickness, and leaf spongy tissue thickness. In another embodiment, the leaf structure described herein includes leaf thickness, mesophyll thickness, leaf upper epidermis thickness, leaf lower epidermis thickness, leaf palisade thickness, and leaf spongy tissue thickness. The method provided herein can improve the leaf structure of grapes grown during high-temperature periods, increasing leaf thickness, mesophyll thickness, upper epidermis thickness, lower epidermis thickness, and palisade thickness, thereby increasing leaf area and chlorophyll content.

[0035] In one embodiment, the fruit appearance and fruit quality of the present invention include one or more of: ear mass, ear length, ear width, grain mass, soluble solids content, titratable acid content, and solid-to-acid ratio. In another embodiment, the fruit appearance and fruit quality of the present invention include ear mass, ear length, ear width, grain mass, soluble solids content, titratable acid content, and solid-to-acid ratio. The method provided by the present invention can improve the appearance and fruit quality of grape fruit during the high temperature period, increase the ear mass, ear length, ear width, grain mass, soluble solids content, titratable acid content, and increase the solid-to-acid ratio.

[0036] To further illustrate the present invention, a method for preventing and controlling heat damage in grapes and its application provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] Example 1

[0038] Effects of different elicitors on heat damage of 'Sunshine Rose' leaves

[0039] (1) Variety selection: Five-year-old 'Sunshine Rose' grapes were used as experimental materials.

[0040] (2) Reasonable shaping and leaf curtain structure: In hot and humid seasons, grapes tend to grow too tall and have a high incidence of side shoots. To avoid closure of the frame and control the vigorous growth of branches and shoots, choose a straight-line frame with evenly distributed branches. Prune, trim, and tie vines in time to reduce ineffective consumption. Prune branches and leaves appropriately to maintain a bird-shaped leaf curtain. Do not thin out leaves too much. Leave 1 to 2 leaves on the side shoots next to the bunches to block the sunlight and reduce the temperature of the leaf surface.

[0041] (3) Water management: During the high temperature period, timely watering and irrigation should be carried out for grapes. Drip irrigation should be carried out at 6-7 am for 30 minutes each time. This can not only improve the water supply in the soil and meet the water needs of leaf transpiration and fruit expansion, but also reduce the ground temperature and promote the root system to absorb nutrients and water. However, flooding should not be carried out, otherwise it will cause gas burn in grapes. When the temperature is higher than 35℃, water can be sprayed on the crown at 18:00 to cool down and increase humidity, improve the microclimate, and drip irrigation should be carried out for 30 minutes every two days. Watering is prohibited at noon on hot days to cool down the grapes.

[0042] (4) Spraying inducer: The experimental materials were randomly divided into 7 treatment groups, which were named YCK, YT1, YT2, YT3, YT4, YT5 and YT6 respectively. They were cultivated in a rain shelter facility with a multi-span shed. The following treatments were carried out during the cultivation process, with 5 replicates for each treatment:

[0043] YCK: During the fruit expansion stage (20 days after anthesis, May 25, 2023) and ripening stage (65 days after anthesis, July 9, 2023) of 'Sunshine Rose', spray the entire plant with clean water, ensuring that the water adheres evenly to the fruit and leaves without dripping.

[0044] YT1: The treatment method is the same as YCK, the only difference is that the clean water is replaced by 7.5×10 4 cfu / mL of Trichoderma harzianum;

[0045] YT2: The treatment was the same as that of YCK, except that the water was replaced with a 3 wt.% oligosaccharide and 3 wt.% telomeric protein solution;

[0046] YT3: The treatment method is the same as YCK, the only difference is that the water is replaced by 5wt.% amino oligosaccharide solution;

[0047] YT4: The treatment method is the same as YCK, the only difference is that the water is replaced by 1wt.% lentinan solution;

[0048] YT5: The treatment method is the same as YCK, except that the clean water is replaced with potassium fulvic acid inducer (composed of 35wt.% fulvic acid, 5wt.% humic acid, 14.8wt.% potassium oxide, 45wt.% organic matter and 0.2wt.% lentinan);

[0049] YT6: The treatment method is the same as YCK, except that the water is replaced with a seaweed essence-based inducer (composed of 25 wt.% alginic acid, 45 wt.% organic matter, 18 wt.% potassium oxide, 8.8 wt.% humic acid, 3.0 wt.% mannitol, and 0.2 wt.% betaine);

[0050] Environmental data monitoring shows that during the implementation of this embodiment, from August 1 to August 30, 2024, the average air temperature was 32.6°C, the average humidity was 75.8%, with a maximum temperature of 47°C and temperatures above 40°C for 26 days. The average leaf temperature was 33.0°C, with a maximum temperature of 46.3°C and temperatures above 40°C for 28 days. The average soil temperature was 28.8°C, and the average humidity was 23.0%.

[0051] Test Example 1

[0052] Example 1 30 days after the last spraying of each treatment group, the heat damage of the leaves of 'Sunshine Rose' in different treatment groups was evaluated with reference to the standards of the prior art (Tian Jia, Wang Hui, Sun Yu, et al. Effects of high temperature stress on physiological and biochemical indicators of apple leaves [J]. Northern Horticulture, 2021, (10): 28-34.). The results are shown in Table 1 and Figure 1 shown.

[0053] Table 1 Heat damage occurrence of 'Sunshine Rose' leaves in different treatment groups

[0054] Treatment group Total number of shoots surveyed Number of new shoots damaged by heat Heat damage rate (%) Heat damage index YCK 60 27 45.0a 49.3a YT1 50 22 44.0a 48.8a YT2 50 15 30.0b 31.2b YT3 50 21 42.0a 31.6b YT4 49 11 22.4c 13.5c YT5 50 2 4.0d 9.6d YT6 50 9 18.0c 14.8c

[0055] Note: Different letters represent significant differences among treatments in the same column (P < 0.05), the same below.

[0056] According to Table 1 and Figure 1 It can be seen that after spraying different inducers on YT1~YT6, the heat damage rate was reduced to varying degrees compared with the control (YCK). Among them, treatment YT5 had the best effect on the prevention and control of heat damage to the leaves of 'Sunshine Rose', with a heat damage rate of 4% and a heat damage index of 9.6, which were much lower than those of other treatments; followed by YT6 and YT4, with incidence rates of 18.0% and 22.4%, respectively, and heat damage indices of 14.8 and 13.5, respectively; the incidence rates of treatments YT1 and YT3 were close to that of YCK.

[0057] Test Example 2

[0058] Example 1 30 days after the last spraying of each treatment group, the leaf tissue structure of the 'Sunshine Rose' grapes in different treatment groups was detected with reference to the existing technology (Zheng Ting, Wei Lingzhu, Xiang Jiang, et al. Growth performance of 'Sunshine Rose' grapes grafted on different rootstocks. Fruit Trees in Southern China, 2023, 52(05): 135-141.), and the results are shown in Table 2.

[0059] Table 2 Results of leaf tissue structure related indicators of 'Sunshine Rose' in different treatment groups (mm)

[0060]

[0061]

[0062] Table 2 shows that, with the exception of lower epidermal thickness, which showed no significant difference (P < 0.05), significant differences were observed among the elicitor treatments for other parameters. Furthermore, the different elicitor treatments had varying effects on various leaf structures. Leaf thickness, mesophyll thickness, upper epidermal thickness, lower epidermal thickness, and palisade tissue thickness all increased to varying degrees compared to YCK. Treatments YT5 and YT6 showed the most significant increases, with leaf thickness increasing by 35.9% and 34.4%, mesophyll thickness increasing by 44.2%, and spongy tissue thickness increasing by 60.7% and 66.1%, respectively, compared to YCK. Treatments YT2 and YT3 were next, with leaf thickness increasing by 22.1% and 22.9%, mesophyll thickness increasing by 25.0% and 31.7%, and spongy tissue thickness increasing by 28.6% and 37.5%, respectively, compared to YCK. Treatment YT4 showed minimal changes, while treatments YT1 and YCK showed similar structural thicknesses.

[0063] Test Example 3

[0064] Example 1: 30 days after the last spraying of each treatment group, the leaf area and chlorophyll content of the 'Sunshine Rose' grapes in different treatment groups were tested with reference to the prior art (Zheng Ting, Wei Lingzhu, Xiang Jiang, et al. Growth performance of 'Sunshine Rose' grapes grafted on different rootstocks. Fruit Trees in Southern China, 2023, 52(05): 135-141.). The results are as follows: Figure 2 shown.

[0065] according to Figure 2 It can be seen that after spraying different inducers, the chlorophyll content of the leaves of YT1 to YT6 increased to varying degrees compared with the control (YCK). Among them, the effects of treatments YT2 and YT5 were the best, increasing by 12.4% and 13.0% respectively compared with YCK. The leaf area of ​​treatment YT2 was the smallest, at 321.5 cm 2 Treatment YT5 had the largest leaf area, which was 489.6 cm 2 Compared with YCK, the leaf area of ​​treatments YT1, YT2, and YT3 showed no significant difference, while the leaf area of ​​treatments TY4, YT5, and TY6 increased by 25.6%, 35.2%, and 29.0%, respectively, which were significant differences.

[0066] Test Example 4

[0067] Example 1 After the fruits of each treatment group matured, the fruit quality of the 'Sunshine Rose' grapes in the different treatment groups was tested with reference to the prior art (Jian Xiaonan. Effects of different rootstocks on the growth and fruit quality of Sunshine Rose grapes. Zhejiang Normal University, Master's thesis, 2017). The results are shown in Table 3.

[0068] Table 3 Fruit quality of 'Sunshine Rose' in different treatment groups

[0069]

[0070] Table 3 shows that among the 'Sunshine Rose' plants treated with various elicitors, treatment YT6 had the highest ear weight (723.5 g) and kernel weight (11.6 g), while treatment YT3 had the lowest ear weight (592.0 g). Treatment YT5 had the highest soluble solids content (19.8%), the lowest titratable acid content (0.27%), and the highest solid-to-acid ratio (73.2). Treatment YT2 also showed a significant increase in ear weight (688.1 g) compared to YCK, second only to YT6, but had the smallest ear width (10.9 cm) and kernel weight (9.5 g), both smaller than YCK. Treatment YT4 had the shortest ear length (19.5 cm) and the widest ear width (12.8 cm). YT1's various parameters were similar to those of YCK, showing the least significant changes among the six elicitor treatments. Analysis of significance revealed no significant differences in ear weight or length among the different treatments.

[0071] Test Example 5

[0072] (1) With reference to the prior art (Chen Yeqi, Pang Liu, Chen Xiaoyang, et al. Comprehensive evaluation of the fruit quality of 101 fresh grapes in the northern Zhejiang plain based on different methods. Journal of Fruit Science, 2024, 41(12): 2377-2388.), the correlation analysis of leaf and fruit indicators of 'Sunshine Rose' in different treatment groups of Example 1 was carried out. The results are as follows: Figure 3 shown.

[0073] according to Figure 3 It can be seen that the heat damage rate is extremely significantly positively correlated with the heat damage index and titratable acid, extremely significantly negatively correlated with TSS and solid-acid ratio, and negatively correlated with leaf thickness, mesophyll thickness, spongy tissue thickness, chlorophyll content, and leaf area. The heat damage index is extremely significantly positively correlated with the heat damage rate and titratable acid, extremely significantly negatively correlated with solid-acid ratio and spongy tissue thickness, and significantly negatively correlated with TSS, leaf thickness, mesophyll thickness, and leaf area. TSS is extremely significantly negatively correlated with titratable acid and significantly correlated with spongy tissue thickness and chlorophyll content. The solid-acid ratio is significantly correlated with leaf thickness, mesophyll thickness, and leaf area. Leaf thickness is extremely significantly positively correlated with mesophyll thickness and spongy tissue thickness, and positively correlated with chlorophyll content. Mesophyll thickness is positively correlated with palisade tissue thickness and chlorophyll content, and significantly positively correlated with spongy tissue thickness.

[0074] (2) The principal component analysis method was used to standardize the 17 indicators of leaves and fruits treated with different elicitors and then perform dimensionality reduction. The results are shown in Table 4.

[0075] Table 4 Principal component analysis results of leaf and fruit parameters of 'Sunshine Rose' in different treatment groups

[0076]

[0077]

[0078] Table 4 shows that the main information of these indicators is concentrated in the first three principal components, with a cumulative contribution rate of 90.19%. The first principal component variance contribution rate was 59.83%. Among them, the positive values ​​of spongy tissue thickness, solid-acid ratio, titratable acid, mesophyll thickness, leaf thickness, and heat damage index were all above 0.9, which had a positive impact on PC1 and mainly reflected leaf structure and response to heat damage. The contribution rate of the second principal component analysis was 22.75%, with the positive value of ear width being 0.973, followed by grain weight and leaf area. The results of calculating the principal component comprehensive score showed that YT5 had the highest score of 0.96 and the best overall performance, followed by YT6, YT4, YT2, YT3, YCK, and YT1. The following were seaweed essence elicitor, 1wt.% lentinan, 3wt.% oligosaccharide and 3wt.% chain protein, 5wt.% amino oligosaccharide, clean water, 7.5×10 4cfu / mL Trichoderma harzianum.

[0079] Based on the above content, it can be seen that the present invention can solve the problems of scorched leaves, soft fruits and reduced yield of grapes caused by high temperature weather. The heat damage index is 9.6 to 14.8, which greatly reduces the incidence of heat damage, improves photosynthetic capacity, and ensures grape yield and quality.

[0080] Although the above embodiment provides a detailed description of the present invention, it is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. People can also obtain other embodiments based on this embodiment without creativity, and these embodiments all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. The application of inducer in the prevention and treatment of heat damage to grapes is characterized in that: The inducer includes potassium fulvic acid type inducer and / or seaweed essence type inducer; The potassium fulvic acid type inducer comprises 35-40wt.% of fulvic acid, 5wt.% of humic acid, 12-15wt.% of potassium oxide, 40-45wt.% of organic matter and 0.2-0.3wt.% of lentinan; The seaweed essence type inducer comprises 20-25wt.% of alginic acid, 40-45wt.% of organic matter, 15-20wt.% of potassium oxide, 6-10wt.% of humic acid, 2.0-5.0wt.% of mannitol and 0.2-0.3wt.% of betaine.

2. A method for preventing and controlling heat damage to grapes, characterized in that: Apply an inducer once during the grape fruit expansion period and ripening period respectively; the inducer includes potassium humate type inducer and / or seaweed essence type inducer; The potassium fulvic acid type inducer comprises 35-40wt.% of fulvic acid, 5wt.% of humic acid, 12-15wt.% of potassium oxide, 40-45wt.% of organic matter and 0.2-0.3wt.% of lentinan; The seaweed essence type inducer comprises 20-25wt.% of alginic acid, 40-45wt.% of organic matter, 15-20wt.% of potassium oxide, 6-10wt.% of humic acid, 2.0-5.0wt.% of mannitol and 0.2-0.3wt.% of betaine.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that The application method includes spraying.

4. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that: During the growth process of the grapes, shaping is performed to maintain a bird-shaped leaf curtain.

5. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that: During the growth of the grapes, when the temperature is ≥35°C, the tree crowns are sprayed with water at 6:00 pm every day to cool down and increase humidity. Drip irrigation is performed at 6:00 am every two days for 25 to 35 minutes. Watering is prohibited at noon to cool down.

6. Use of the method according to any one of claims 2 to 5 in improving agronomic traits of grapes during high temperature period; the agronomic traits include one or more of leaf structure, leaf area, chlorophyll content, fruit appearance and fruit quality.

7. The use according to claim 6, characterized in that: The leaf structure includes one or more of leaf thickness, mesophyll thickness, leaf upper epidermis thickness, leaf lower epidermis thickness, leaf palisade tissue thickness and leaf spongy tissue thickness.

8. The use according to claim 6, characterized in that: The fruit appearance and fruit quality include one or more of ear mass, ear length, ear width, grain mass, soluble solids content, titratable acid content and solid-acid ratio.

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