Method for electron beam fuse additive manufacturing of Ti80 titanium alloy component

Abstract

The invention provides a method for electron beam fuse additive manufacturing of a Ti80 titanium alloy component, and belongs to the field of additive manufacturing. The problems of high cost, long period, low efficiency, low utilization rate, serious oxidation and poor toughness of Ti80 alloy preparation in the prior art are solved. The method comprises the following steps that 1, a printing wire and an additive substrate are pretreated; 2, a three-dimensional solid model is established based on the target Ti80 alloy component, and slicing processing importing is carried out; setting a scanning path, preheating parameters and printing process parameters; and 3, equipment is started, vacuumizing is conducted to 9.9 * 10 <-3 > Pa, Ti80 alloy printing is conducted according to the set printing parameters and procedures, all layers are completed, and the sedimentary state Ti80 alloy which is good in forming, compact in structure and excellent in performance is prepared. The method is mainly used for electron beam fuse additive manufacturing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of additive manufacturing, and in particular relates to a method for electron beam fuse additive manufacturing of a Ti80 titanium alloy component. Background Art

[0002] Titanium and titanium alloys have become one of the most ideal materials for metal structural parts of large equipment in the field of marine engineering due to their excellent corrosion resistance, high toughness, high specific strength, and non-magnetic properties. To upgrade the structural materials of marine engineering equipment, replacing steel (nickel-based alloys, etc.) with titanium can not only greatly reduce the weight of structural parts, but also significantly extend the service life of marine engineering equipment. It is one of the main development trends for upgrading the structure of marine engineering equipment in the future. Ti80 (Ti-6Al-3Nb-2Zr-1Mo) alloy is a new type of titanium alloy independently developed by my country for the field of marine engineering. It is a near-α-type Ti alloy designed on the basis of Ti-6Al-4V alloy by adjusting the types and contents of elements such as Zr, Nb, and Mo to improve mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. It has broad application prospects in the fields of marine equipment such as deep-sea submersibles and offshore oil platforms. Compared with the most widely used Ti-6Al-4V ELI alloy, its tensile properties and toughness are slightly lower than those of Ti-6Al-4V ELI alloy, but its toughness is significantly better than that of Ti-6Al-4V ELI alloy, especially impact toughness (ak), relies on excellent toughness. Ti80 alloy is currently mainly used in the manufacture of pressure-resistant shells of submersibles. The traditional Ti80 shell preparation process is casting, forging, welding and machining. Considering the high melting point, poor thermal conductivity and strong chemical activity of titanium alloy at high temperature, the tool wear is serious during machining and the surface quality is poor. It is a difficult-to-process material recognized by the industry. Therefore, it faces a series of challenges such as difficult preparation, low material utilization, long cycle and high cost, which seriously hinders the in-depth development and exploration of marine engineering equipment.

[0003] In recent years, with the rapid development of metal additive manufacturing technology, many available technologies based on different heat sources and raw materials have emerged, making it possible to manufacture titanium alloy components with complex geometric shapes and internal structures. Among them, electron beam fuse additive manufacturing technology with high-power heat source is suitable for rapid and high-quality preparation of large parts. Its high penetration ability is conducive to multi-layer remelting, reduces hole defects, improves component density, and can play a role in conformal annealing. The high vacuum forming environment effectively avoids the introduction of high-activity titanium alloy pollution and inclusions, which can greatly improve the internal quality of components. In addition, compared with other additive manufacturing technologies using powder as raw materials, the wire composition is more uniform, the price is lower, the deposition efficiency is higher, and the performance of the obtained components is better. Therefore, electron beam fuse additive manufacturing of Ti80 alloy has natural advantages, which brings unlimited possibilities for the preparation of high-performance large-scale complex Ti80 alloy components, and has broad application prospects in the field of marine engineering equipment. However, the existing technology for preparing Ti80 alloy has high cost, long cycle, low efficiency, low utilization rate, severe oxidation and poor toughness. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of this, the present invention aims to propose a method for electron beam fuse additive manufacturing of Ti80 titanium alloy components to solve the problems of high cost, long cycle, low efficiency, low utilization rate, severe oxidation and poor toughness in the prior art of preparing Ti80 alloy.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] A method for electron beam fuse additive manufacturing of a Ti80 titanium alloy component, comprising the following steps:

[0007] Step 1: Pre-treat the printing filament and additive substrate;

[0008] Step 2: Create a 3D solid model based on the target Ti80 alloy component and import it into the slicer; set the scanning path, preheating parameters and printing process parameters;

[0009] Step 3: Turn on the device and evacuate to 9.9×10 -3 Pa, and the Ti80 alloy was printed according to the set printing parameters and procedures to complete all layers, and a deposited Ti80 alloy with good forming, dense structure and excellent performance was prepared.

[0010] Furthermore, in step 1, the additive substrate is a TA1 pure titanium substrate, the size of the additive substrate is 150 mm×10 mm×10 mm, and the wire diameter is 1.6 mm.

[0011] Furthermore, the pre-processing of the printing filament and the additive substrate in step 1 includes the following steps:

[0012] S1: The Ti80 alloy wire is soaked and cleaned with acetone;

[0013] S2: placing the cleaned alloy wire in a drying oven and drying it at a constant temperature of 60° C. for 4 hours;

[0014] S3: Grinding the surface of the TA1 substrate using an angle grinder;

[0015] S4: Use acetone and alcohol to wipe the surface of the TA1 substrate, and use acetone to soak and clean it;

[0016] S5: Place the TA1 substrate in a drying oven and dry it at a constant temperature of 60° C. for 4 hours.

[0017] Furthermore, the composition of the Ti80 alloy wire in the S1 is Al 6.5wt.%, Nb 2.2wt.%, Zr 2.2%wt.%, Mo.0.91wt.%, Si≤0.05wt.%, Fe≤0.05wt.%, O≤0.09wt.%, N≤0.01wt.%, C≤0.01wt.%, H≤0.01wt.%, and the rest are Ti elements and unavoidable impurity elements. The TA1 substrate composition contains 99.9wt.% Ti elements and other avoidable impurity elements.

[0018] Furthermore, in step 2, the angle between the wire feed nozzle of the printing wire and the TA1 substrate is 45°.

[0019] Furthermore, in step 2, the length from the printing wire feeding nozzle to the central axis of the electron beam is 5-10 mm.

[0020] Furthermore, the preheating parameters in step 2 are: the acceleration voltage is 60 kV, the focusing current is 1048 mA, the beam density is 30 mA, the preheating printing speed is 500 mm / min, and the scanning path is a cyclic reciprocating linear motion path.

[0021] Furthermore, the printing process parameters in step 2 are: acceleration voltage of 60 kV, focusing current of 1048 mA, beam density of 40-50 mA, printing speed of 500-700 mm / min, wire feeding speed of 2 m / min, knob control speed coefficient of 100%, interlayer cooling time of 30 s, and scanning path of cyclic reciprocating linear motion path.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] 1. The method for preparing Ti80 titanium alloy components provided by the present invention uses wire as printing material, has low material cost and high deposition efficiency, can quickly and directly form complex Ti80 titanium alloy components, and by adjusting process parameters, can obtain Ti80 alloy with good forming, dense structure and excellent mechanical properties.

[0024] 2. The additive manufacturing method of Ti80 alloy described in the present invention uses electron beam as the heat source for melting the printing wire; electron beam technology has the advantages of high power, high energy utilization, adaptability to vacuum processing environment and high deposition efficiency, and can effectively prevent the generation of oxides during the printing process and affect the toughness of the material; the use of electron beam for additive manufacturing can achieve near-net rapid forming and high-quality forming of large and complex metal components, can achieve integrated preparation of form and properties, and effectively solve the problem of preparing large-size Ti80 alloy components.

[0025] 3. The Ti80 alloy component prepared by the method provided by the present invention has high density and no obvious defects such as voids and cracks, and the density is as high as 99.99%;

[0026] 4. The Ti80 alloy deposited by electron beam fuse additive manufacturing exhibits excellent mechanical properties, with a tensile yield strength of 740 MPa and an elongation of up to 16%. At the same time, a smooth transition can be achieved between the deposited Ti80 alloy and the substrate interface, without cracks or warping, avoiding the high cost of using substrates of the same composition and the problem of being unable to produce in large quantities.

[0027] 5. The Ti80 alloy additive manufacturing method provided by the present invention is scalable and is also suitable for the rapid preparation of high-melting-point and high-activity alloys and the near-net forming of complex components. It can realize the rapid preparation of complex configurations with integrated structure and performance and has strong practicality. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] The accompanying drawings constituting a part of the present invention are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0029] Figure 1 The Ti80 titanium alloy component prepared by electron beam fuse additive in Example 1;

[0030] Figure 2 The Ti80 titanium alloy component prepared by electron beam fuse additive manufacturing in Example 2;

[0031] Figure 3 The Ti80 titanium alloy component prepared by electron beam fuse additive manufacturing in Example 3;

[0032] Figure 4The Ti80 titanium alloy component prepared by electron beam fuse additive manufacturing in Example 4;

[0033] Figure 5 The Ti80 titanium alloy component prepared by electron beam fuse additive manufacturing in Example 5;

[0034] Figure 6 The macroscopic and microscopic structural distribution of the Ti80 alloy obtained in Example 1 in the deposition direction;

[0035] Figure 7 The phase spectrum of the Ti80 alloy obtained in Example 1 in different regions;

[0036] Figure 8 is the solidification orientation diagram of the deposited state of the Ti80 alloy obtained in Example 1;

[0037] Fig. 9 This is the tensile stress-elongation curve of the Ti80 alloy in the deposited state obtained in Example 1. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely explain the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that the embodiments of the present invention and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict, and the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments.

[0039] Example 1: See Figure 1-9 The present embodiment is described as a method for electron beam fused additive manufacturing of a Ti80 titanium alloy component, which comprises the following steps:

[0040] Step 1: Pre-treat the printing filament and additive substrate;

[0041] Step 2: Create a 3D solid model based on the target Ti80 alloy component and import it into the slicer; set the scanning path, preheating parameters and printing process parameters;

[0042] Step 3: Turn on the equipment and evacuate to 9.9×10-3Pa, and print the Ti80 alloy according to the set printing parameters and procedures to complete all layers to prepare a deposited Ti80 alloy with good formation, dense structure and excellent performance.

[0043] The Ti80 alloy wire with a diameter of 1.6 mm was pickled to remove the surface oxide film, and then soaked and cleaned with acetone to ensure that there was no oil impurities on the surface of the Ti80 alloy wire. The surface of the TA1 pure titanium substrate with a size of 150 mm × 100 mm × 10 mm was polished with an angle grinder until the surface was smooth and clean, and then the surface was wiped with acetone to remove the oil impurities on the surface of the substrate. The Ti80 alloy wire and the TA1 substrate were placed in a drying oven and dried at a constant temperature of 60 ° C for 4 hours to remove the moisture in the Ti80 alloy wire and the TA1 pure titanium substrate and reduce the residual deformation in the raw materials. The treated Ti80 alloy wire was installed on the wire feeding mechanism of the electron beam fuse deposition equipment, and the treated TA1 pure titanium substrate was clamped on the motion system in the vacuum chamber of the equipment. When the vacuum degree of the vacuum chamber of the electron beam fuse deposition equipment reached the use requirement (9.9 × 1 0 -3 Pa), set the following processing parameters: acceleration voltage is 60kV, focusing current is 1048mA, wire feeding speed VF is 2m / min, printing speed VT is 500mm / min, beam density IB is 40mA, and edit the printing program under the process parameters in the automatic operation window of the electron beam fuse deposition equipment according to the reciprocating scanning mode. According to the printing program, the electron beam fuse deposition rapid preparation of Ti80 alloy is completed, and the Ti80 titanium alloy manufactured by electron beam fuse additive manufacturing is obtained, which has a length greater than 70mm and a height greater than 50mm. The actual picture of the Ti80 titanium alloy is as shown in the figure Figure 1 shown.

[0044] Taking the Ti80 alloy manufactured by electron beam fuse additive manufacturing in Example 1 as an example, the implementation effect of the present invention is analyzed and explained. Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 shown.

[0045] from Figure 2 From the macroscopic and microscopic structures shown in the figure, it can be seen that the microstructure of the Ti80 titanium alloy object is divided into three parts in the deposition direction according to the morphology and size of the original β crystal (i.e. Figure 2 The top, central and bottom parts of the structure are shown in Figure 1. The bottom part is dominated by nearly equiaxed original β crystals and fine basketweave structures inside them, the middle part is dominated by coarse columnar original β crystals and evenly distributed clustering bands, and the top part is dominated by coarse columnar original β crystals and evenly distributed fine basketweave structures. Figure 3 The phase spectrum shows that the upper, middle and lower regions are mainly composed of α phase with a close-packed hexagonal structure accompanied by a very small amount of β phase with a body-centered cubic structure. The phase spectrum also shows that the peak intensity of the α phase in different regions is slightly different, which means that the orientation of the α phase changes in the direction of deposition height.

[0046] In this embodiment 1, Figure 4The EBSD orientation and morphology of the clustering band in the middle of the deposited Ti80 titanium alloy are presented. Figure 3 It can be seen that the physical structure morphology of the deposited Ti80 titanium alloy shows that the original β crystal exists in columnar form; at the same time, it has a strong <100> β solidification texture, these <100> The β texture is caused by the epitaxial growth of the crystal along a specific direction according to the local and global thermal gradient during the growth process, while the α phase orientation in the area near the clustering band is slightly different. There are strong textures <01-11>α / / Z and weak textures <-12-10>α / / Z in the adjacent basketweave structure, and there is an obvious <-12-10>α / / Z texture in the clustering band, which means that the transformation of the basketweave structure to the clustering band morphology is accompanied by the occurrence of different degrees of α variant selection.

[0047] Figure 5 Shows Figure 1 The tensile properties of the Ti80 titanium alloy deposited in the medium when loaded in the direction parallel to the deposition height are shown in Figure 2. Figure 4 It can be seen that the deposited Ti80 titanium alloy has excellent tensile yield strength, with a tensile yield strength of 740MPa and an elongation of up to 16%. Compared with near-α-type titanium alloys prepared by other additive manufacturing technologies, the Ti80 alloy manufactured by electron beam fuse additive manufacturing has greater ductility, even comparable to some heat-treated titanium alloys. This excellent ductility means its potential in demanding marine engineering applications, such as deep-sea diving equipment, where achieving a balance between strength and ductility is critical.

[0048] In summary, the additive manufacturing method provided by the present invention can realize the preparation of Ti80 alloy. By adjusting the process window and selecting the optimal deposition process, a Ti80 alloy with good forming, dense structure, specific tissue orientation and excellent mechanical properties can be obtained. It has a great effect on shortening the processing flow and preparing Ti80 alloy parts with complex configurations, and can be expanded to the near-net forming of other high-melting-point and high-activity alloys, realizing the rapid preparation of complex configurations with integrated structure and performance.

[0049] Example 2: The difference between this example and Example 1 is only in the processing parameters. The processing parameters of this example are: acceleration voltage is 60 kV, focusing current is 1048 mA, wire feeding speed V F The printing speed is 2m / min, and the printing speed V T is 500mm / min, beam density I B The current is 45 mA, and the other processing techniques and steps are the same as those in Example 1. The actual Ti80 titanium alloy obtained in this example is shown in the figure below. Figure 2 shown.

[0050] Example 3: The only difference between this example and Example 1 is the processing parameters. The processing parameters of this example are: acceleration voltage is 60 kV, focusing current is 1048 mA, wire feeding speed V F The printing speed is 2m / min, and the printing speed V T is 500mm / min, beam density I B The current is 50 mA, and the other processing techniques and steps are the same as those in Example 1. The actual Ti80 titanium alloy obtained in this example is shown in FIG. Figure 3 shown.

[0051] Example 4: The only difference between this example and Example 1 is the processing parameters. The processing parameters of this example are: acceleration voltage is 60 kV, focusing current is 1048 mA, wire feeding speed V F The printing speed is 2m / min, and the printing speed V T is 600mm / min, beam density I B The current is 45 mA, and the rest of the processing techniques and steps are the same as those in Example 1. The actual image of the Ti80 titanium alloy obtained in this example is shown in Figure 4.

[0052] Example 5: The difference between this example and Example 1 is only in the processing parameters. The processing parameters of this example are: acceleration voltage is 60 kV, focusing current is 1048 mA, wire feeding speed V F The printing speed is 2m / min, and the printing speed V T is 700mm / min, beam density I B The current is 45 mA, and the other processing techniques and steps are the same as those in Example 1. The actual Ti80 titanium alloy obtained in this example is shown in the figure below. Figure 5 shown.

[0053] The embodiments of the present invention disclosed above are only used to help illustrate the present invention. The embodiments do not describe all the details in detail, nor do they limit the invention to the specific implementation methods described. According to the content of this specification, many modifications and changes can be made. This specification selects and specifically describes these embodiments in order to better explain the principles and practical applications of the present invention, so that those skilled in the art can understand and use the present invention well.

Claims

1. A method for electron beam fuse additive manufacturing of Ti80 titanium alloy components, characterized in that: It includes the following steps: Step 1: Pre-treat the printing filament and additive substrate; Step 2: Create a 3D solid model based on the target Ti80 alloy component and import it into the slicer; set the scanning path, preheating parameters and printing process parameters; Step 3: Turn on the device and evacuate to 9.9×10 -3 Pa, and the Ti80 alloy was printed according to the set printing parameters and procedures to complete all layers, and a deposited Ti80 alloy with good forming, dense structure and excellent performance was prepared.

2. A method for electron beam fuse additive manufacturing of Ti80 titanium alloy components according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 1, the additive substrate is a TA1 pure titanium substrate, the size of the additive substrate is 150 mm × 10 mm × 10 mm, and the wire diameter is 1.6 mm.

3. A method for electron beam fuse additive manufacturing of Ti80 titanium alloy components according to claim 2, characterized in that: The pre-processing of the printing filament and the additive substrate in step 1 includes the following steps: S1: Soak the Ti80 alloy wire in acetone for cleaning; S2: placing the cleaned alloy wire in a drying oven and drying it at a constant temperature of 60° C. for 4 hours; S3: Grinding the surface of the TA1 substrate using an angle grinder; S4: Use acetone and alcohol to wipe the surface of the TA1 substrate, and use acetone to soak and clean it; S5: Place the TA1 substrate in a drying oven and dry it at a constant temperature of 60° C. for 4 hours.

4. The method for electron beam fuse additive manufacturing of Ti80 titanium alloy components according to claim 3, characterized in that: The composition of the Ti80 alloy wire in S1 is Al 6.5wt.%, Nb 2.2wt.%, Zr 2.2%wt.%, Mo.0.91wt.%, Si≤0.05wt.%, Fe≤0.05wt.%, O≤0.09wt.%, N≤0.01wt.%, C≤0.01wt.%, H≤0.01wt.%, and the composition of the TA1 substrate contains 99.9wt.% Ti element.

5. The method for electron beam fuse additive manufacturing of Ti80 titanium alloy components according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2, the angle between the wire feed nozzle of the printed wire and the TA1 substrate is 45°.

6. The method for electron beam fuse additive manufacturing of Ti80 titanium alloy components according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2, the length from the printing wire feed nozzle to the center axis of the electron beam is 5-10 mm.

7. The method for electron beam fuse additive manufacturing of Ti80 titanium alloy components according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preheating parameters in step 2 are: the acceleration voltage is 60 kV, the focusing current is 1048 mA, the beam density is 30 mA, the preheating printing speed is 500 mm / min, and the scanning path is a cyclic reciprocating linear motion path.

8. The method for electron beam fuse additive manufacturing of Ti80 titanium alloy components according to claim 1, characterized in that: Printing process parameters in step 2: acceleration voltage is 60 kV, focusing current is 1048 mA, beam density is 40-50 mA, printing speed is 500-700 mm / min, wire feeding speed is 2 m / min, knob control speed coefficient is 100%, interlayer cooling time is 30 s, and scanning path is a cyclic reciprocating linear motion path.

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