Hazardous waste incineration flue gas treatment method
By inoculating modified nano iron oxide and nanoporous carbon carriers combined with metabolic microorganisms, a framework for treating hazardous waste incineration flue gas was constructed, which solved the problem of difficulty in self-cleaning of adsorbents and absorbents, and improved the flue gas treatment effect.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510403599.1
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-04-01
- Publication Date
- 2025-05-23
AI Technical Summary
In the existing methods of incineration of hazardous waste, adsorbents and absorbents cannot achieve self-cleaning, resulting in difficulty in maintaining adsorption and washing effects.
By modifying nano iron oxide based on chemical grafting, the modified nano iron oxide is loaded on a porous ceramic support, and the nanoporous carbon is modified based on low-temperature plasma to make a honeycomb filter structure and a fiber filter structure, and metabolic microorganisms are inoculated on the structure to build a framework for treating hazardous waste incineration flue gas.
It improves the adsorption capacity of harmful substances in heavy metals and acid gases, extends the service life of adsorbents, and improves the treatment effect of hazardous waste incineration flue gas.
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Figure CN120022675A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of flue gas treatment, and specifically relates to a method for treating flue gas from hazardous waste incineration. Background Art
[0002] Hazardous waste refers to solid waste that is included in the national hazardous waste list or is identified as having hazardous characteristics according to the national hazardous waste identification standards and identification methods.
[0003] Current hazardous waste treatment methods generally include incineration, solidification and physical and chemical treatment. Among them, incineration is widely used due to its characteristics of significant volume reduction, heat recovery and utilization, and high treatment efficiency. However, the incineration process will produce flue gas containing a variety of harmful substances. If not handled in time, it may have an impact on the environment and human health. Therefore, the treatment of hazardous waste incineration flue gas is particularly important.
[0004] At present, the adsorption method using activated carbon as adsorbent is generally used to deal with heavy metal substances in the flue gas from hazardous waste incineration. The wet scrubbing method using alkaline solution as absorbent is generally used to deal with acidic substances in the flue gas from hazardous waste incineration. The adsorbent and absorbent in this method cannot achieve self-cleaning, so it is difficult to maintain the adsorption and scrubbing effects.
[0005] In view of this, a method for treating flue gas from hazardous waste incineration is designed to solve the above problems. Summary of the invention
[0006] In order to solve the problems raised in the above background technology, the present invention provides a method for treating flue gas from hazardous waste incineration, which has the characteristics of not only improving the adsorption capacity of heavy metals, but also improving the adsorption capacity of harmful substances in acidic gases, thereby improving the treatment effect of flue gas from hazardous waste incineration.
[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for treating flue gas from hazardous waste incineration, comprising the following steps: S1: Nano-iron oxide is modified based on chemical grafting, and the modified nano-iron oxide is loaded on a porous ceramic carrier to form a honeycomb filter structure; S2: modifying nanoporous carbon based on low-temperature plasma, making the modified nanoporous carbon into fibers and filling them in fiber filter felt to form a fiber filter structure; S3: Detect the main harmful components in the flue gas from hazardous waste incineration; S4: Screening out suitable metabolic microorganisms based on the detected harmful components; S5: Domesticate and cultivate the selected adaptive metabolic microorganisms; S6: inoculating the cultured metabolic microorganisms onto the honeycomb filter structure and the fiber filter structure; S7: Constructing a hazardous waste incineration flue gas treatment framework in a manner that a fiber filter structure inoculated with metabolic microorganisms is in front and a honeycomb filter structure inoculated with metabolic microorganisms is in the back; S8: Treat the hazardous waste incineration flue gas after heat recovery, i.e., cooling, based on the constructed hazardous waste incineration flue gas treatment framework.
[0008] Furthermore, in step S1, the specific steps of modifying the nano-iron oxide based on chemical grafting include: The nano-iron oxide powder is placed in anhydrous ethanol and ultrasonically cleaned to remove surface impurities and adsorbed gas molecules; The mixed solution is placed in a centrifuge, centrifuged, solid-liquid separation is performed, and nano-iron oxide is collected; The collected nano iron oxide is placed in an oven for drying; The dried nano-iron oxide is placed in hydrochloric acid and stirred at room temperature to introduce hydroxyl groups on the surface of the nano-iron oxide to increase the surface active sites; The acid-treated nano-iron oxide is placed in a centrifuge, centrifuged, solid-liquid separated, and the nano-iron oxide is collected; The collected nano-iron oxide is repeatedly washed with deionized water until it becomes neutral; The washed nano iron oxide is placed in an oven for drying; Place 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane in anhydrous toluene and stir to dissolve; The above-mentioned re-dried nano-iron oxide is placed in anhydrous toluene containing 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane, and heated and stirred under nitrogen protection, so that the methoxy group in 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane will undergo a condensation reaction with the hydroxyl group on the surface of the nano-iron oxide, so that the mercapto group is grafted onto the surface of the nano-iron oxide; The grafted nano iron oxide is placed in a centrifuge, centrifuged, solid-liquid separated, and the modified nano iron oxide is collected; The modified nano iron oxide is washed alternately with anhydrous toluene and anhydrous ethanol to remove impurities, thereby obtaining modified nano iron oxide.
[0009] Furthermore, in step S1, the specific steps of loading the modified nano iron oxide on the porous ceramic carrier include: The modified nano iron oxide is placed in deionized water, polyvinyl pyrrolidone is added, and ultrasonic dispersion treatment is performed to make the modified nano iron oxide powder evenly dispersed in the deionized water to form a stable impregnation solution; The porous ceramic carrier is completely immersed in the impregnation solution and stirred so that the modified nano-iron oxide is loaded on the porous ceramic carrier; After impregnation, the porous ceramic carrier is taken out, the excess impregnation liquid is drained, and the carrier is first placed in an oven for drying, and then placed in a muffle furnace for calcination to obtain a porous ceramic carrier loaded with modified nano-iron oxide.
[0010] Furthermore, in step S2, the specific steps of modifying the nanoporous carbon based on low temperature plasma include: The nanoporous carbon is placed in anhydrous ethanol and ultrasonically cleaned to remove surface impurities and adsorbed organic matter; The mixed solution is placed in a centrifuge, centrifuged, solid-liquid separation is performed, and nanoporous carbon is collected; The collected nanoporous carbon is placed in an oven for drying; The dried nanoporous carbon is evenly placed in a low-temperature plasma treatment device, the air is extracted to reach a set vacuum degree, oxygen is introduced to replace the residual air, and an oxygen environment is ensured. The low-temperature device generates low-temperature plasma. Under the action of the plasma, the oxygen molecules are excited and ionized to produce active oxygen species, which react chemically with the surface of the nanoporous carbon, introduce oxygen-containing functional groups, and obtain modified nanoporous carbon.
[0011] Furthermore, in step S2, the specific steps of making the modified nanoporous carbon into fibers and filling them in the fiber filter felt include: The modified nanoporous carbon is placed in an ethanol solution containing polyvinyl pyrrolidone, and ultrasonically dispersed so that the modified nanoporous carbon is uniformly dispersed in the ethanol solution containing polyvinyl pyrrolidone to form a stable suspension; The suspension is prepared into modified nanoporous carbon fibers based on an electrospinning method; The prepared nanoporous carbon fibers are evenly spread on a fiber filter felt substrate, and the nanoporous carbon fibers are bonded to the fiber filter felt substrate by hot pressing to obtain a fiber filter felt filled with the nanoporous carbon fibers.
[0012] Furthermore, in step S5, the specific steps of domesticating and culturing the selected suitable metabolic microorganisms include: The selected adaptive metabolic microorganisms are placed in a culture medium containing the main harmful substances in the flue gas of hazardous waste incineration for domestication; Regularly and quantitatively increase the concentration of major harmful substances in hazardous waste incineration flue gas in the culture medium until the adapted metabolites grow stably and the acclimation is completed; Cultivation is based on domesticated metabolic microorganisms.
[0013] Furthermore, in step S6, the specific steps of inoculating the cultured metabolic microorganisms onto the honeycomb filter structure include: inoculating the cultured metabolic microorganisms into a liquid culture medium; The metabolic microbial liquid is placed in a centrifuge, centrifuged, and the microbial cells are collected; Wash the microbial cells with sterile saline to remove impurities from the culture medium; The washed microorganisms are placed in sterile physiological saline and adjusted to a set bacterial solution concentration; The back side of the honeycomb filter structure is immersed in a solution containing a nitrogen source and a phosphorus source, so that the nitrogen source and the phosphorus source are adsorbed on the surface of the honeycomb filter structure; Taking out the impregnated honeycomb filter structure, and placing it in a microbial solution, so that the microbial solution is evenly loaded on the honeycomb filter structure; The honeycomb filter structure loaded with the microbial liquid is taken out, the excess impregnation liquid is drained, and the structure is washed with sterile water to remove the unattached microorganisms; The washed honeycomb filter structure is placed in a constant temperature and humidity incubator for cultivation, so that the microorganisms adhere to and grow on the honeycomb filter structure to form a microbial film, and the inoculation is completed.
[0014] Furthermore, in step S6, the specific step of inoculating the cultured metabolic microorganisms onto the fiber filtration structure is the same as the specific step of inoculating the cultured metabolic microorganisms onto the honeycomb filtration structure.
[0015] Furthermore, in step S7, the honeycomb filter structure and the fiber filter structure are loaded with microbial membrane surfaces facing away from the hazardous waste incineration flue gas contact surface.
[0016] Furthermore, in the step S8, during the process of treating the cooled hazardous waste incineration flue gas by the constructed hazardous waste incineration flue gas treatment framework, nutrient solution is sprayed on the honeycomb filter structure and the fiber filter structure loaded with microbial membranes in an adjustable manner.
[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. The present invention treats the cooled hazardous waste incineration flue gas based on a treatment framework of modified nano-iron oxide in front and modified nano-porous carbon in the back, wherein the modified nano-iron oxide introduces thiol groups through chemical grafting, and the modified nano-porous carbon contains oxygen functional groups through low-temperature plasma, which can not only improve the adsorption capacity of heavy metals, but also improve the adsorption capacity of harmful substances in acidic gases, thereby improving the treatment effect of hazardous waste incineration flue gas.
[0018] 2. The present invention inoculates a microbial membrane on the back of the honeycomb filter structure and the fiber filter structure. The microbial membrane can decompose the substances adsorbed on the surface of the modified nano iron oxide and the modified nano porous carbon, play a cleaning role, and ensure the continuous adsorption effect of the modified nano iron oxide and the modified nano porous carbon.
[0019] 3. The present invention inoculates a microbial film on the back, wherein the microbial film can also re-adsorb harmful substances in the flue gas from hazardous waste incineration, thereby improving the treatment effect of the flue gas from hazardous waste incineration. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0020] Figure 1It is a flow chart of the overall method of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a flow chart of the method for chemically grafting and modifying nano-iron oxide of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a flow chart of the method for loading porous ceramic carrier with modified nano iron oxide according to the present invention; Figure 4 This is a flow chart of the low-temperature plasma modified nanoporous carbon method of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a flow chart of the method for preparing modified nanoporous carbon into fibers and filling them in fiber filter felt according to the present invention; Figure 6 The flowchart of the metabolic microorganism domestication and cultivation method of the present invention is as follows; Figure 7 The present invention is a flow chart of the method for inoculating metabolic microorganisms onto a filtration structure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0021] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0022] The present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for treating flue gas from hazardous waste incineration, comprising the following steps: S1: Nano-iron oxide is modified based on chemical grafting, and the modified nano-iron oxide is loaded on a porous ceramic carrier to form a honeycomb filter structure; S2: modifying nanoporous carbon based on low-temperature plasma, making the modified nanoporous carbon into fibers and filling them in fiber filter felt to form a fiber filter structure; S3: Detect the main harmful components in the flue gas from hazardous waste incineration; S4: Screening out suitable metabolic microorganisms based on the detected harmful components; S5: Domesticate and cultivate the selected adaptive metabolic microorganisms; S6: inoculating the cultured metabolic microorganisms onto the honeycomb filter structure and the fiber filter structure; S7: Constructing a hazardous waste incineration flue gas treatment framework in a manner that a fiber filter structure inoculated with metabolic microorganisms is in front and a honeycomb filter structure inoculated with metabolic microorganisms is in the back; S8: Treat the hazardous waste incineration flue gas after heat recovery, i.e., cooling, based on the constructed hazardous waste incineration flue gas treatment framework.
[0023] Specifically, in step S1, the specific steps of modifying nano iron oxide based on chemical grafting include: The nano-iron oxide powder is placed in anhydrous ethanol and ultrasonically cleaned to remove surface impurities and adsorbed gas molecules; The ultrasonic cleaning frequency is set according to the actual process, and the setting range is 40-60kHz; The mixed solution is placed in a centrifuge, centrifuged, solid-liquid separation is performed, and nano-iron oxide is collected; The centrifugal speed and time of the centrifuge are set according to the actual process. The centrifugal speed setting range is 5000-8000rmp / min, and the centrifugal time setting range is 5-10min; The collected nano iron oxide is placed in an oven for drying; The drying temperature and time of the oven are set according to the actual process. The drying temperature setting range is 80-100℃, and the drying time setting range is 6-8h; The dried nano-iron oxide is placed in hydrochloric acid and stirred at room temperature to introduce hydroxyl groups on the surface of the nano-iron oxide to increase the surface active sites; The stirring speed and time are set according to the actual process. The stirring speed setting range is 200-300rmp / min, and the stirring time setting range is 1-2h; The acid-treated nano-iron oxide is placed in a centrifuge, centrifuged, solid-liquid separated, and the nano-iron oxide is collected; The centrifugal speed and time of the centrifuge are set according to the actual process. The centrifugal speed setting range is 5000-8000rmp / min, and the centrifugal time setting range is 5-10min; The collected nano-iron oxide is repeatedly washed with deionized water until it becomes neutral; The washed nano iron oxide is placed in an oven for drying; The drying temperature and time of the oven are set according to the actual process. The drying temperature setting range is 60-80℃, and the drying time setting range is 4-6h; Place 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane in anhydrous toluene and stir to dissolve; The concentration after dissolution is set according to the actual process, and the setting range is 0.05-0.1mol / L; The above-mentioned re-dried nano-iron oxide is placed in anhydrous toluene containing 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane, and heated and stirred under nitrogen protection, so that the methoxy group in 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane will undergo a condensation reaction with the hydroxyl group on the surface of the nano-iron oxide, so that the mercapto group is grafted onto the surface of the nano-iron oxide; The added mass ratio of nano-iron oxide to 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane is set according to the actual process, and the setting range is 1: (0.1-0.3); The heating temperature is set according to the actual process, and the setting range is 80-100℃; The stirring speed and time are set according to the actual process. The stirring speed setting range is 150-250rmp / min, and the stirring time setting range is 4-6h; The grafted nano iron oxide is placed in a centrifuge, centrifuged, solid-liquid separated, and the modified nano iron oxide is collected; The centrifugal speed and time of the centrifuge are set according to the actual process. The centrifugal speed setting range is 5000-8000rmp / min, and the centrifugal time setting range is 5-10min; The modified nano iron oxide is washed alternately with anhydrous toluene and anhydrous ethanol to remove impurities, thereby obtaining modified nano iron oxide.
[0024] Specifically, in step S1, the specific steps of loading the modified nano iron oxide on the porous ceramic carrier include: The modified nano iron oxide is placed in deionized water, polyvinyl pyrrolidone is added, and ultrasonic dispersion treatment is performed to make the modified nano iron oxide powder evenly dispersed in the deionized water to form a stable impregnation solution; The added mass of modified nano iron oxide and polyvinyl pyrrolidone is set according to the actual process, and the setting range is 0.5%-2%; The ultrasonic dispersion treatment time is set according to the actual process, and the setting range is 30-60min; The concentration of the impregnation solution is set according to the actual process, and the setting range is 5%-15%; The porous ceramic carrier is completely immersed in the impregnation solution and stirred so that the modified nano-iron oxide is loaded on the porous ceramic carrier; The average pore size of the porous ceramic carrier is set according to the actual process, and the setting range is 1-2mm; The immersion time is set according to the actual process, and the setting range is 1-3h; The stirring speed is set according to the actual process, and the setting range is 100-200rmp / min; After impregnation, the porous ceramic carrier is taken out, the excess impregnation liquid is drained, and the carrier is first placed in an oven for drying, and then placed in a muffle furnace for calcination to obtain a porous ceramic carrier loaded with modified nano-iron oxide; The drying temperature and time of the oven are set according to the actual process. The drying temperature setting range is 60-80℃, and the drying time setting range is 6-12h; The roasting temperature and time of the muffle furnace are set according to the actual process. The roasting temperature setting range is 300-500℃, and the roasting time setting range is 2-4h.
[0025] Specifically, in step S2, the specific steps of modifying the nanoporous carbon based on low temperature plasma include: The nanoporous carbon is placed in anhydrous ethanol and ultrasonically cleaned to remove surface impurities and adsorbed organic matter; The mixed solution is placed in a centrifuge, centrifuged, solid-liquid separation is performed, and nanoporous carbon is collected; The centrifugal speed and time of the centrifuge are set according to the actual process. The centrifugal speed setting range is 5000-8000rmp / min, and the centrifugal time setting range is 5-10min; The collected nanoporous carbon is placed in an oven for drying; The drying temperature and time of the oven are set according to the actual process. The drying temperature setting range is 60-80℃, and the drying time setting range is 4-6h; The dried nanoporous carbon is evenly placed in a low-temperature plasma treatment device, the air is extracted to reach a set vacuum degree, oxygen is introduced to replace the residual air, and an oxygen environment is ensured. The low-temperature device generates low-temperature plasma. Under the action of the plasma, the oxygen molecules are excited and ionized to produce active oxygen species, which react chemically with the surface of the nanoporous carbon, introduce oxygen-containing functional groups, and obtain modified nanoporous carbon.
[0026] The vacuum degree is set according to the actual process, and the setting range is 50Pa; The oxygen introduction rate and time are set according to the actual process. The setting range of the introduction rate is 10-15ml / min, and the introduction time is 1-5min. The low-temperature plasma treatment time is set according to the actual process, and the setting range is 5-10 minutes.
[0027] Specifically, in step S2, the specific steps of making the modified nanoporous carbon into fibers and filling them in the fiber filter felt include: The modified nanoporous carbon is placed in an ethanol solution containing polyvinyl pyrrolidone, and ultrasonically dispersed so that the modified nanoporous carbon is uniformly dispersed in the ethanol solution containing polyvinyl pyrrolidone to form a stable suspension; The ultrasonic dispersion frequency and time are set according to the actual process. The ultrasonic dispersion frequency setting range is 40-60kHz, and the ultrasonic time setting range is 30-60min. The suspension is prepared into modified nanoporous carbon fibers based on an electrospinning method; The prepared nanoporous carbon fibers are evenly spread on a fiber filter felt substrate, and the nanoporous carbon fibers are bonded to the fiber filter felt substrate by hot pressing to obtain a fiber filter felt filled with the nanoporous carbon fibers; The laying thickness of nanoporous carbon fiber is set according to the actual process, and the setting range is 0.5-2mm; The thickness of the fiber filter felt matrix is set according to the actual process, and the setting range is 1-5mm; The hot pressing temperature, pressure and time are set according to the actual process. The hot pressing temperature setting range is 150-250°C, the hot pressing pressure setting range is 0.5-2MPa, and the hot pressing time setting range is 5-15min.
[0028] Specifically, in step S5, the specific steps of domesticating and culturing the selected adaptive metabolic microorganisms include: The selected adaptive metabolic microorganisms are placed in a culture medium containing the main harmful substances in the flue gas of hazardous waste incineration for domestication; Regularly and quantitatively increase the concentration of major harmful substances in hazardous waste incineration flue gas in the culture medium until the adapted metabolites grow stably and the acclimation is completed; Cultivation is based on domesticated metabolic microorganisms.
[0029] Specifically, in step S6, the specific steps of inoculating the cultured metabolic microorganisms onto the honeycomb filter structure include: inoculating the cultured metabolic microorganisms into a liquid culture medium; The metabolic microbial liquid is placed in a centrifuge, centrifuged, and the microbial cells are collected; The centrifugal speed and time of the centrifuge are set according to the actual process. The centrifugal speed setting range is 5000-8000rmp / min, and the centrifugal time setting range is 5-10min; Wash the microbial cells with sterile saline to remove impurities from the culture medium; The mass fraction of sterile saline solution is set according to the actual process, and the setting range is 0.85% NaCl solution; The washed microorganisms are placed in sterile physiological saline and adjusted to a set bacterial solution concentration; The concentration of bacterial solution is set according to the actual process, and the setting range is 10 7 -10 8 CFU / mL; The back side of the honeycomb filter structure is immersed in a solution containing a nitrogen source and a phosphorus source, so that the nitrogen source and the phosphorus source are adsorbed on the surface of the honeycomb filter structure; The concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus sources are set according to the actual process. The nitrogen source setting range is NH 4 ⁺, the concentration is 50-100mg / L, and the phosphorus source setting range is PO 4 ³⁻, the concentration is 20-50mg / L; The immersion time is set according to the actual process, and the setting range is 1-2h; Taking out the impregnated honeycomb filter structure, and placing it in a microbial solution, so that the microbial solution is evenly loaded on the honeycomb filter structure; The honeycomb filter structure loaded with the microbial liquid is taken out, the excess impregnation liquid is drained, and the structure is washed with sterile water to remove the unattached microorganisms; The washed honeycomb filter structure is placed in a constant temperature and humidity incubator for cultivation, so that the microorganisms adhere to and grow on the honeycomb filter structure to form a microbial film, and the inoculation is completed.
[0030] Specifically, in step S6, the specific step of inoculating the cultured metabolic microorganisms onto the fiber filtration structure is the same as the specific step of inoculating the cultured metabolic microorganisms onto the honeycomb filtration structure.
[0031] Specifically, in step S7, the honeycomb filter structure and the fiber filter structure are loaded with microbial membrane surfaces facing away from the hazardous waste incineration flue gas contact surface.
[0032] Specifically, in step S8, during the process of treating the cooled hazardous waste incineration flue gas by the constructed hazardous waste incineration flue gas treatment framework, nutrient solution is sprayed on the honeycomb filter structure and the fiber filter structure loaded with microbial membranes in an adjustable manner.
[0033] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims
1. A method for treating flue gas from hazardous waste incineration, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: Nano-iron oxide is modified based on chemical grafting, and the modified nano-iron oxide is loaded on a porous ceramic carrier to form a honeycomb filter structure; S2: modifying nanoporous carbon based on low-temperature plasma, making the modified nanoporous carbon into fibers and filling them in fiber filter felt to form a fiber filter structure; S3: Detect the main harmful components in the flue gas from hazardous waste incineration; S4: Screening out suitable metabolic microorganisms based on the detected harmful components; S5: Domesticate and cultivate the selected adaptive metabolic microorganisms; S6: inoculating the cultured metabolic microorganisms onto the honeycomb filter structure and the fiber filter structure; S7: Constructing a hazardous waste incineration flue gas treatment framework in a manner that a fiber filter structure inoculated with metabolic microorganisms is in front and a honeycomb filter structure inoculated with metabolic microorganisms is in the back; S8: Treat the hazardous waste incineration flue gas after heat recovery, i.e., cooling, based on the constructed hazardous waste incineration flue gas treatment framework.
2. A method for treating flue gas from hazardous waste incineration according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the specific steps of modifying the nano-iron oxide based on chemical grafting include: The nano-iron oxide powder is placed in anhydrous ethanol and ultrasonically cleaned to remove surface impurities and adsorbed gas molecules; The mixed solution is placed in a centrifuge, centrifuged, solid-liquid separation is performed, and nano-iron oxide is collected; The collected nano iron oxide is placed in an oven for drying; The dried nano-iron oxide is placed in hydrochloric acid and stirred at room temperature to introduce hydroxyl groups on the surface of the nano-iron oxide to increase the surface active sites; The acid-treated nano-iron oxide is placed in a centrifuge, centrifuged, solid-liquid separated, and the nano-iron oxide is collected; The collected nano-iron oxide is repeatedly washed with deionized water until it becomes neutral; The washed nano iron oxide is placed in an oven for drying; Place 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane in anhydrous toluene and stir to dissolve; The above-mentioned re-dried nano-iron oxide is placed in anhydrous toluene containing 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane, and heated and stirred under nitrogen protection, so that the methoxy group in 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane will undergo a condensation reaction with the hydroxyl group on the surface of the nano-iron oxide, so that the mercapto group is grafted onto the surface of the nano-iron oxide; The grafted nano iron oxide is placed in a centrifuge, centrifuged, solid-liquid separated, and the modified nano iron oxide is collected; The modified nano iron oxide is washed alternately with anhydrous toluene and anhydrous ethanol to remove impurities, thereby obtaining modified nano iron oxide.
3. A method for treating flue gas from hazardous waste incineration according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S1, the specific steps of loading the modified nano iron oxide on the porous ceramic carrier include: The modified nano iron oxide is placed in deionized water, polyvinyl pyrrolidone is added, and ultrasonic dispersion treatment is performed to make the modified nano iron oxide powder evenly dispersed in the deionized water to form a stable impregnation solution; The porous ceramic carrier is completely immersed in the impregnation solution and stirred so that the modified nano-iron oxide is loaded on the porous ceramic carrier; After impregnation, the porous ceramic carrier is taken out, the excess impregnation liquid is drained, and the carrier is first placed in an oven for drying, and then placed in a muffle furnace for calcination to obtain a porous ceramic carrier loaded with modified nano-iron oxide.
4. A method for treating flue gas from hazardous waste incineration according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the specific steps of modifying the nanoporous carbon based on low temperature plasma include: The nanoporous carbon is placed in anhydrous ethanol and ultrasonically cleaned to remove surface impurities and adsorbed organic matter; The mixed solution is placed in a centrifuge, centrifuged, solid-liquid separation is performed, and nanoporous carbon is collected; The collected nanoporous carbon is placed in an oven for drying; The dried nanoporous carbon is evenly placed in a low-temperature plasma treatment device, the air is extracted to reach a set vacuum degree, oxygen is introduced to replace the residual air, and an oxygen environment is ensured. The low-temperature device generates low-temperature plasma. Under the action of the plasma, the oxygen molecules are excited and ionized to produce active oxygen species, which react chemically with the surface of the nanoporous carbon, introduce oxygen-containing functional groups, and obtain modified nanoporous carbon.
5. A method for treating flue gas from hazardous waste incineration according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step S2, the specific steps of making the modified nanoporous carbon into fibers and filling them in the fiber filter felt include: The modified nanoporous carbon is placed in an ethanol solution containing polyvinyl pyrrolidone, and ultrasonically dispersed so that the modified nanoporous carbon is uniformly dispersed in the ethanol solution containing polyvinyl pyrrolidone to form a stable suspension; The suspension is prepared into modified nanoporous carbon fibers based on an electrospinning method; The prepared nanoporous carbon fibers are evenly spread on a fiber filter felt substrate, and the nanoporous carbon fibers are bonded to the fiber filter felt substrate by hot pressing to obtain a fiber filter felt filled with the nanoporous carbon fibers.
6. The method for treating hazardous waste incineration flue gas according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S5, the specific steps of domesticating and culturing the selected suitable metabolic microorganisms include: The selected adaptive metabolic microorganisms are placed in a culture medium containing the main harmful substances in the flue gas of hazardous waste incineration for domestication; Regularly and quantitatively increase the concentration of major harmful substances in hazardous waste incineration flue gas in the culture medium until the adapted metabolites grow stably and the acclimation is completed; Cultivation is based on domesticated metabolic microorganisms.
7. The method for treating hazardous waste incineration flue gas according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S6, the specific steps of inoculating the cultured metabolic microorganisms onto the honeycomb filter structure include: inoculating the cultured metabolic microorganisms into a liquid culture medium; The metabolic microbial liquid is placed in a centrifuge, centrifuged, and the microbial cells are collected; Wash the microbial cells with sterile saline to remove impurities from the culture medium; The washed microorganisms are placed in sterile physiological saline and adjusted to a set bacterial solution concentration; The back side of the honeycomb filter structure is immersed in a solution containing a nitrogen source and a phosphorus source, so that the nitrogen source and the phosphorus source are adsorbed on the surface of the honeycomb filter structure; Taking out the impregnated honeycomb filter structure, and placing it in a microbial solution, so that the microbial solution is evenly loaded on the honeycomb filter structure; The honeycomb filter structure loaded with the microbial liquid is taken out, the excess impregnation liquid is drained, and the structure is washed with sterile water to remove the unattached microorganisms; The washed honeycomb filter structure is placed in a constant temperature and humidity incubator for cultivation, so that the microorganisms adhere to and grow on the honeycomb filter structure to form a microbial film, and the inoculation is completed.
8. A method for treating hazardous waste incineration flue gas according to claim 7, characterized in that: In the step S6, the specific step of inoculating the cultured metabolic microorganisms onto the fiber filtration structure is the same as the specific step of inoculating the cultured metabolic microorganisms onto the honeycomb filtration structure.
9. A method for treating hazardous waste incineration flue gas according to claim 8, characterized in that: In step S7, the honeycomb filter structure and the fiber filter structure are loaded with microbial membrane surfaces facing away from the hazardous waste incineration flue gas contact surface.
10. The method for treating hazardous waste incineration flue gas according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S8, during the process of treating the cooled hazardous waste incineration flue gas by the constructed hazardous waste incineration flue gas treatment framework, nutrient solution is sprayed on the honeycomb filter structure and the fiber filter structure loaded with microbial membranes in a regulated manner.