Multi-stage oil-water separator and separation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of oil-water separators, and discloses a multistage oil-water separator and a separation method thereof.The multistage oil-water separator comprises a plurality of unit separators, each unit separator comprises an upper shell and a bottom shell, each bottom shell is fixedly installed on the lower side of the corresponding upper shell through a bolt, and a drainage valve is arranged at the bottom of each bottom shell; a first partition plate and a second partition plate are fixedly installed in an inner cavity of the upper shell and divide the inner cavity of the upper shell into an upper cavity, a middle cavity and a lower cavity, and a one-way conduction mechanism is arranged on the second partition plate. According to the multi-stage oil-water separator, the middle cavity defined by the first partition plate and the second partition plate is arranged, the one-way conduction mechanism is arranged on the second partition plate, fluctuation of internal pressure is utilized, the one-way conduction mechanism is started, water in the middle cavity is drained away, the separated water is prevented from flowing into the executing mechanism along with oil, and the oil-water separation efficiency is improved. The oil-water separation efficiency is greatly improved, and the effect of timely isolating and separating water is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of oil-water separators, and in particular to a multi-stage oil-water separator and a separation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] An oil-water separator is a device that separates floating oil from oil and water. In order to realize the function of connecting multiple single machines in series and improve the efficiency of oil-water separation, in the prior art, a patent document with announcement number CN105084457B discloses an oil-water separator and a multi-stage oil-water separation system for separating volatile oil and the like from water, including a tank body and a bracket. The tank body includes an oil collector at the top and a water collector at the bottom. The oil collector is connected to an oil inlet pipe. The top of the oil collector is fixedly connected to the oil collecting pipe. An oil outlet interface is provided on the oil collecting pipe. The oil outlet interface is connected to the oil outlet pipe. The lower part of the water collector is connected to the water outlet pipe. The water outlet pipe includes a lead-out pipe, a straight pipe, and an upwardly bent elbow pipe in sequence. The highest section of the elbow pipe is flush with the oil outlet interface.

[0003] The above-mentioned oil-water separator is too large and is not suitable for oil-water separation in the hydraulic lubrication system of engineering machinery. The existing small oil-water separator has limited capacity. When separating oil with a high water content, the oil-water boundary line rises with the increase in water content, causing the separated water to flow out with the oil, affecting the efficiency of oil-water separation. Based on this, the existing oil-water separator has the defect of being inconvenient to isolate and separate water in time, thereby reducing the effect of oil-water separation. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the defect that the existing oil-water separator in the prior art is inconvenient to isolate and separate water in time, thereby reducing the effect of oil-water separation, and to propose a multi-stage oil-water separator and a separation method thereof.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: a multi-stage oil-water separator, comprising a plurality of unit separators, wherein the unit separator comprises an upper shell and a bottom shell, wherein the bottom shell is fixedly mounted on the lower side of the upper shell by bolts, a drain valve is arranged at the bottom of the bottom shell, and a first partition plate and a second partition plate are fixedly mounted on the inner cavity of the upper shell respectively, wherein the first partition plate and the second partition plate separate the inner cavity of the upper shell into an upper chamber, a middle chamber and a lower chamber;

[0006] A flow guide pipe extending into the bottom shell is fixedly mounted on the second partition, the flow guide pipe connects the middle chamber with the inner cavity of the bottom shell, and a one-way conduction mechanism is arranged on the second partition;

[0007] An input port, an output port, an expansion port and a reflux port are respectively provided on both sides of the upper shell. The output port and the expansion port are both connected to the upper chamber, the reflux port is connected to the lower chamber, the input port is connected to the inner cavity of the bottom shell through a guide pipe, and multiple unit separators can be connected in series through the expansion port;

[0008] A flow channel hole connecting the upper chamber and the middle chamber is opened on the first partition plate. A coalescing filter element is installed on the upper side of the first partition plate. The coalescing filter element cover is closed on the upper end of the flow channel hole. The one-way conduction mechanism is opened to drain the water in the middle chamber to prevent the separated water from flowing into the actuator along with the oil.

[0009] Preferably, the guide pipe includes an outer pipe sleeve and an inner pipe sleeve, the top ends of the outer pipe sleeve and the inner pipe sleeve are fixedly connected, and an interlayer cavity with a blind upper end and an open lower end is formed between the outer pipe sleeve and the inner pipe sleeve, and spiral guide blades are fixedly installed in the interlayer cavity, and the spiral guide blades divide the interlayer cavity into spiral channels, the input port is connected with the inner cavity of the bottom shell through the spiral channel, and the middle chamber is connected with the inner cavity of the bottom shell through the inner cavity of the inner pipe sleeve, so that the oil-water mixture is centrifuged to achieve primary oil-water separation.

[0010] Preferably, the one-way conduction mechanism includes a transmission sleeve and a conical hole opened on the second partition, the top of the transmission sleeve is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the first partition, the middle chamber is connected to the lower chamber through the conical hole, a ball head rod is slidably installed in the transmission sleeve, and a return spring is provided in the transmission sleeve to press the ball head rod upward, the ball head end of the ball head rod is clamped in the conical hole, and the opening and closing rhythm and opening and closing size of the conical hole are controlled by utilizing the up and down movement of the ball head rod.

[0011] Preferably, a central shaft that can slide and rise and fall is rotatably installed in the inner tube sleeve, a first floating plate is arranged in the middle cavity, a second floating plate is arranged in the bottom shell, the first floating plate and the second floating plate are rotatably connected to the upper and lower ends of the central shaft respectively, a rotatable and movable adjusting plate is arranged in the first partition plate, the top of the central shaft is fixedly connected to the adjusting plate, a plurality of magnetic blocks are embedded in the surface of the adjusting plate, a conductive coil is embedded in the first partition plate, the conductive coil is located on the upper side of the adjusting plate, and an impeller is fixedly installed on the surface of the central shaft located in the inner cavity of the inner tube sleeve.

[0012] When an oil-water interface is formed in the middle chamber, the first floating plate floats at the oil-water interface. When the height of the oil-water interface changes up and down, the first floating plate moves up and down to make the adjusting plate move closer to or away from the conductive coil. An excitation coil is embedded in the transmission sleeve. The top of the ball head rod is a magnetic material. The conductive coil is electrically connected to the excitation coil. The conductive coil generates an induced current which is introduced into the excitation coil. When the excitation coil is energized, an electromagnetic force is generated to repel the ball head rod downward. The opening and closing of the conical hole is controlled by the rotation and up and down movement of the central axis to meet the use requirements of oil-water separation under different pressures.

[0013] The present invention also proposes a separation method of a multi-stage oil-water separator, comprising the following steps:

[0014] S1, the oil-water mixture is introduced into the input port at the first pressure P1, and the oil-water mixture enters the bottom shell along the spiral channel, and the water and impurities in the oil-water mixture are deposited in the liquid accumulation cavity of the bottom shell, realizing the primary oil-water separation;

[0015] S2, the oil-water mixture flows into the middle chamber from the inner pipe sleeve, driving the impeller to rotate, and the oil is discharged from the output port after being filtered by the coalescing filter element. Water is deposited in the middle chamber under the action of gravity, and an oil-water interface is formed in the middle chamber to achieve secondary oil-water separation. As the height of the oil-water interface rises, the first floating plate moves upward, causing the regulating plate to move close to the conductive coil, and the regulating plate rotates, causing the conductive coil to generate an induced current;

[0016] S3. The conductive coil generates an induced current which is introduced into the excitation coil. When the excitation coil is energized, an electromagnetic force is generated to repel the ball head rod downward, driving the ball head end of the ball head rod to separate from the tapered hole. The moisture in the middle chamber is discharged from the reflux port, causing the height of the oil-water interface to drop.

[0017] Preferably, in S1, the output port is closed, the oil-water mixture is introduced into the input port at a second pressure P2, and P2>P1, and the oil-water mixture is subjected to a primary oil-water separation treatment. P2 overcomes the force of the return spring, drives the ball head end of the ball head rod to separate from the tapered hole, and the mixed liquid in the middle chamber is discharged from the reflux port, thereby realizing oil-water separation in the standby state.

[0018] Preferably, a plurality of the unit separators are taken, and the expansion port of one unit separator is connected to the input port of another unit separator by using a pipeline, so as to realize the series connection of the plurality of unit separators and realize the multi-stage oil-water separation of the oil-water mixture.

[0019] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] 1. The multi-stage oil-water separator proposed in the present invention provides an intermediate cavity surrounded by a first baffle and a second baffle, and a one-way conduction mechanism is provided on the second baffle. The one-way conduction mechanism is opened by utilizing the fluctuation of internal pressure to drain the water in the intermediate cavity, thereby preventing the separated water from flowing into the actuator along with the oil, thereby greatly improving the oil-water separation efficiency and achieving the effect of isolating and separating the water in time.

[0021] 2. The multi-stage oil-water separator proposed in the present invention is provided with a central axis in the guide tube, and the adjusting disk, the first floating disk, the impeller and the central axis are assembled together. When the oil-liquid separation surface in the middle chamber changes up and down, the adjusting disk in the rotating state is driven to move up and down, and the conductive coil generates an induced current which is introduced into the excitation coil to generate an electromagnetic force that repels the ball head rod downward, thereby controlling the opening and closing rhythm and size of the tapered hole, so that the separated water in the middle chamber is automatically and timely discharged. When the oil circuit of the high-pressure actuator is separated from oil and water, premature pressure relief at the tapered hole is avoided, so that the hydraulic internal energy can be fully utilized to meet the use requirements of high-pressure oil-water separation.

[0022] 3. The separation method of the multi-stage oil-water separator proposed in the present invention is to centrifuge the oil-water mixture through the guide tube arranged inside it to achieve the first-level oil-water separation, and filter and separate the oil-water mixture through the coalescing filter element inside it to achieve the second-level separation. When multiple single-stage separators are connected in series, multi-stage oil-water separation is achieved, which greatly improves the efficiency of oil-water separation and meets the use requirements of separation of different oil qualities;

[0023] When multiple single-stage separators are used in combination, observe the height of the second float. If the oil-liquid interface of the bottom shell is low, but the second float always remains at a high position, the blockage of the coalescing filter element can be inferred, which facilitates maintenance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the single-stage separator proposed by the present invention Figure 1 ;

[0025] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the single-stage separator proposed by the present invention Figure 2 ;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the front cross-section structure of the upper shell proposed by the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the front cross-section structure of the bottom shell proposed by the present invention;

[0028] Figure 5 for Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure enlargement at point A;

[0029] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a plurality of single-stage separators in series according to the present invention;

[0030] Figure 7 This is a system schematic diagram of the multi-stage oil-water separator proposed in the present invention.

[0031] In the figure: 1, upper shell; 2, bottom shell; 3, first partition; 4, second partition; 5, guide tube; 6, input port; 7, output port; 8, expansion port; 9, return port; 10, flow channel hole; 11, coalescing filter element; 12, outer pipe sleeve; 13, inner pipe sleeve; 14, spiral guide vane; 15, transmission sleeve; 16, tapered hole; 17, ball head rod; 18, center axis; 19, first floating plate; 20, second floating plate; 21, adjustment plate; 22, conductive coil; 23, impeller; 24, excitation coil; 25, reset spring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments.

[0033] In the description of the present invention, it is necessary to understand that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating the orientation or position relationship are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0034] Reference Figure 1-Figure 7 A multi-stage oil-water separator includes a plurality of unit separators. The unit separator includes an upper shell 1 and a bottom shell 2. The bottom shell 2 is made of a transparent material. The bottom shell 2 is fixedly installed on the lower side of the upper shell 1 by bolts. A drain valve is provided at the bottom of the bottom shell 2. The inner cavity of the upper shell 1 is respectively fixedly installed with a first partition plate 3 and a second partition plate 4. The first partition plate 3 and the second partition plate 4 divide the inner cavity of the upper shell 1 into an upper chamber, a middle chamber and a lower chamber.

[0035] Specifically, the upper chamber is located above the first partition plate 3 , the middle chamber is located between the first partition plate 3 and the second partition plate 4 , and the lower chamber is located below the second partition plate 4 .

[0036] A flow guide pipe 5 extending into the bottom shell 2 is fixedly mounted on the second partition plate 4 , and the flow guide pipe 5 connects the middle chamber with the inner cavity of the bottom shell 2 . A one-way conduction mechanism is provided on the second partition plate 4 .

[0037] Among them, Figure 2 As shown, the guide tube 5 includes an outer tube sleeve 12 and an inner tube sleeve 13, the top ends of the outer tube sleeve 12 and the inner tube sleeve 13 are fixedly connected, and an interlayer cavity with a blind end at the upper end and an open end at the lower end is formed between the outer tube sleeve 12 and the inner tube sleeve 13, and a spiral guide blade 14 is fixedly installed in the interlayer cavity, and the spiral guide blade 14 divides the interlayer cavity into a spiral channel, the input port 6 is connected with the inner cavity of the bottom shell 2 through the spiral channel, and the middle chamber is connected with the inner cavity of the bottom shell 2 through the inner cavity of the inner tube sleeve 13.

[0038] Among them, Figure 5 As shown, the one-way conduction mechanism includes a transmission sleeve 15 and a tapered hole 16 opened on the second partition 4. The top end of the transmission sleeve 15 is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the first partition 3, and the middle chamber is connected to the lower chamber through the tapered hole 16. A ball head rod 17 is slidably installed in the transmission sleeve 15. A return spring 25 is arranged in the transmission sleeve 15 to press the ball head rod 17 upward, and the ball head end of the ball head rod 17 is clamped in the tapered hole 16.

[0039] An input port 6, an output port 7, an expansion port 8 and a reflux port 9 are respectively provided on both sides of the upper shell 1. The output port 7 and the expansion port 8 are both connected to the upper chamber, the reflux port 9 is connected to the lower chamber, the input port 6 is connected to the inner cavity of the bottom shell 2 through the guide tube 5, and multiple unit separators can be connected in series through the expansion port 8.

[0040] The first partition plate 3 is provided with a flow channel hole 10 communicating with the upper chamber and the middle chamber. A coalescing filter element 11 is installed on the upper side of the first partition plate 3 . The coalescing filter element 11 covers the upper end of the flow channel hole 10 .

[0041] During use, the oil-water mixture enters from the input port 6, enters the bottom shell 2 along the spiral channel, and then flows upward along the inner pipe sleeve 13 into the middle chamber. After being filtered by the coalescing filter element 11, the oil and water are separated, and the oil is introduced into the actuator from the output port 7. The separated water droplets are deposited in the middle chamber. In this process, the internal pressure in the upper shell 1 fluctuates when the actuator is in motion and paused, and the internal pressure in the middle chamber increases, pushing the ball head rod 17 downward. Figure 5 As shown, the oil and water in the middle chamber flow into the oil storage tank through the return port 9. Figure 7 .

[0042] It should be noted that the oil-water mixture flows along the spiral channel into the bottom shell 2 in a spiral downward motion trajectory. The water, oil and impurities in the oil-water mixture have different masses and different centrifugal forces. The water and impurities have larger masses and settle along the inner wall of the bottom shell 2 to form an oil-liquid interface in the bottom shell 2. Figure 4 As shown in the oil-liquid interface 1, water and impurities can be discharged through the drain valve. The mass of oil is relatively small. Oil and a small number of small water droplets float along the inner cavity of the inner tube sleeve 13, and the oil-water mixture is centrifugally separated to achieve primary oil-water separation; the internal coalescing filter element 11 has the functions of solid-liquid separation, demulsification, coalescence, separation and adsorption. Among them, in the coalescence layer of the coalescence filter element 11, small water droplets are constantly in contact with and adhere to the fibers, and gradually coalesce into larger water droplets. In this process, the volume of the water droplets continues to increase. Because the large water droplets have a greater density than hydrocarbons, they are separated from the liquid hydrocarbons under the action of gravity and settle into the middle chamber. At the same time, the oil continues to flow through the separation filter layer of the coalescence filter element 11. Since the separation filter layer has good lipophilic and hydrophobic properties, it further separates water, filters and separates the oil-water mixture, and achieves secondary separation. This part is common knowledge and will not be repeated here.

[0043] The multi-stage oil-water separator proposed in the present invention provides an intermediate cavity surrounded by a first baffle 3 and a second baffle 4, and a one-way conduction mechanism is provided on the second baffle 4. The one-way conduction mechanism is opened by utilizing the fluctuation of internal pressure to discharge the water in the intermediate cavity, thereby preventing the separated water from increasing and flowing into the actuator together with the oil, thereby greatly improving the oil-water separation efficiency and achieving the effect of isolating and separating the water in time.

[0044] In this embodiment, a central shaft 18 that can slide and rise and fall is rotatably installed in the inner pipe sleeve 13, a first floating plate 19 is arranged in the middle chamber, and a second floating plate 20 is arranged in the bottom shell 2. The first floating plate 19 and the second floating plate 20 are rotatably connected to the upper and lower ends of the central shaft 18 respectively.

[0045] An adjusting disk 21 which can rotate and move up and down is arranged in the first partition plate 3, the top end of the central axis 18 is fixedly connected to the adjusting disk 21, a plurality of magnetic blocks are embedded in the surface of the adjusting disk 21, a conductive coil 22 is embedded in the first partition plate 3, the conductive coil 22 is located on the upper side of the adjusting disk 21, and an impeller 23 is fixedly installed on the surface of the central axis 18 in the inner cavity of the inner pipe sleeve 13.

[0046] When an oil-water interface is formed in the middle chamber, Figure 3 As shown in the oil-water interface 2, the first floating plate 19 floats at the oil-water interface 2. When the height of the oil-water interface 2 changes up and down, the first floating plate 19 moves up and down, causing the adjustment plate 21 to move closer to or away from the conductive coil 22.

[0047] It should be noted that the second floating plate 20 plays an auxiliary role in increasing buoyancy.

[0048] An excitation coil 24 is embedded in the transmission sleeve 15 . The top end of the ball rod 17 is made of magnetic material. The conductive coil 22 is electrically connected to the excitation coil 24 .

[0049] When the water in the middle chamber increases, the height of the oil-water interface increases, so that the adjusting disk 21 is close to the conductive coil 22, and the oil flows upward from the inner tube sleeve 13, driving the impeller 23 to rotate. At this time, the adjusting disk 21 also rotates, and the conductive coil 22 cuts the magnetic field of the magnetic block, so that an induced current is generated in the conductive coil 22. The induced current is introduced into the excitation coil 24 after current amplification. The induced current generated by the conductive coil 22 is introduced into the excitation coil 24. When the excitation coil 24 is energized, an electromagnetic force is generated to repel the ball head rod 17 downward, pressing the ball head rod 17 downward. At this time, the conical hole 16 is in an open state, and the water and oil in the middle chamber are discharged from the reflux port 9 to the oil storage tank. When the adjusting disk 21 is away from the conductive coil 22, the induced current generated by the conductive coil 22 is small, so that the magnetic repulsion force of the excitation coil 24 cannot press the ball head rod 17 downward.

[0050] The present invention also proposes a separation method of a multi-stage oil-water separator, comprising the following steps:

[0051] S1, the oil-water mixture is introduced into the input port 6 at the first pressure P1, and the oil-water mixture enters the bottom shell 2 along the spiral channel, and the water and impurities in the oil-water mixture are deposited in the liquid accumulation cavity of the bottom shell 2, realizing the primary oil-water separation;

[0052] S2, the oil-water mixture flows into the middle chamber from the inner pipe sleeve 13, driving the impeller 23 to rotate, and the oil is discharged from the output port 7 after being filtered by the coalescing filter element 11. Water is deposited in the middle chamber under the action of gravity, and an oil-water interface 2 is formed in the middle chamber to achieve secondary oil-water separation. As the height of the oil-water interface 2 rises, the first floating plate 19 moves upward, causing the regulating plate 21 to move close to the conductive coil 22, and the regulating plate 21 rotates, causing the conductive coil 22 to generate an induced current;

[0053] S3, the conductive coil 22 generates an induced current which is introduced into the excitation coil 24. After the excitation coil 24 is energized, an electromagnetic force is generated to repel the ball head rod 17 downward, driving the ball head end of the ball head rod 17 to separate from the tapered hole 16, and the moisture in the middle chamber is discharged from the reflux port 9, so that the height of the oil-water interface 2 is reduced, thereby preventing the oil-water interface 2 from continuously rising and the separated water from being discharged from the output port 7.

[0054] In this embodiment, P1 in S1 is smaller than the pressure exerted by the return spring 25 on the ball head rod 17 , so that P1 cannot open the tapered hole 16 independently.

[0055] In S1, the output port 7 is closed, and the oil-water mixture is introduced into the input port 6 at the second pressure P2, and P2>P1, and the oil-water mixture is subjected to a primary oil-water separation treatment. P2 overcomes the force of the reset spring 25, drives the ball head end of the ball head rod 17 to separate from the tapered hole 16, and the mixed liquid in the middle chamber is discharged from the reflux port 9. Closing the output port 7 means that the actuator connected to the output port 7 stops moving, thereby realizing oil-water separation in the standby state.

[0056] like Figure 6 As shown, multiple unit separators are taken, and the expansion port 8 of one unit separator is connected to the input port 6 of another unit separator by using a pipeline, so as to realize the series connection of multiple unit separators and realize the multi-stage oil-water separation of the oil-water mixture. Figure 7 .

[0057] The oil-water mixture is centrifugally separated through the flow guide pipe 5 arranged inside to achieve primary oil-water separation, and the oil-water mixture is filtered and separated through the coalescing filter element 11 inside to achieve secondary separation. When multiple single-stage separators are connected in series, multi-stage oil-water separation is achieved, which greatly improves the efficiency of oil-water separation and meets the use requirements of separation of different oil qualities;

[0058] When a single-stage separator is used independently or multiple single-stage separators are used in combination, the height of the second floating plate 20 is observed. If the oil-liquid interface 1 of the bottom shell 2 is low, or the water and impurities in the bottom shell 2 are discharged, but the second floating plate 20 is always kept at a high position, theoretically, the water in the middle chamber increases, and under the electromagnetic force of the excitation coil 24 repelling the ball head rod 17 downward, the tapered hole 16 opens and slowly drains the water, the oil-liquid interface 2 will slowly drop, and the height of the second floating plate 20 will also drop, but the second floating plate 20 is always kept at a high position. This is mainly because the resistance of the coalescing filter element 11 increases, the internal pressure increases, so that the tapered hole 16 is fully opened, the flow rate in the inner sleeve 13 increases, driving the impeller 23 to rotate, and the thrust of the fluid acting on the surface of the impeller 23 increases, so that the central shaft 18 cannot fall. From this, the blockage of the coalescing filter element 11 can be inferred, which provides convenience for maintenance, especially when multiple single-stage separators are used in combination, and the maintenance cycle of each unit separator is different.

[0059] The multi-stage oil-water separator proposed in the present invention is provided with a central axis 18 in the guide tube 5, and the adjusting disk 21, the first floating disk 19, the impeller 23 and the central axis 18 are assembled together. When the oil-liquid separation surface in the middle chamber changes up and down, the adjusting disk 21 in a rotating state is driven to move up and down, and the conductive coil 22 generates an induced current which is introduced into the excitation coil 24 to generate an electromagnetic force that repels the ball head rod 17 downward, thereby controlling the opening and closing rhythm and size of the tapered hole 16, so that the separated water in the middle chamber is automatically and timely discharged. When the oil circuit of the high-pressure actuator is separated from the oil, premature pressure relief at the tapered hole 16 is avoided, so that the hydraulic internal energy can be fully utilized to meet the use requirements of high-pressure oil-water separation.

[0060] The above description is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes according to the technical scheme and inventive concept of the present invention within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-stage oil-water separator, comprising a plurality of unit separators, characterized in that: The unit separator comprises an upper shell (1) and a bottom shell (2), the bottom shell (2) being fixedly mounted on the lower side of the upper shell (1) by means of bolts, a drain valve being arranged at the bottom of the bottom shell (2), and a first partition plate (3) and a second partition plate (4) being fixedly mounted in the inner cavity of the upper shell (1), respectively, the first partition plate (3) and the second partition plate (4) dividing the inner cavity of the upper shell (1) into an upper chamber, a middle chamber and a lower chamber; A flow guide tube (5) extending into the bottom shell (2) is fixedly mounted on the second partition plate (4), the flow guide tube (5) connecting the middle chamber with the inner cavity of the bottom shell (2), and a one-way conduction mechanism is provided on the second partition plate (4); An input port (6), an output port (7), an expansion port (8) and a return port (9) are respectively provided on both sides of the upper shell (1); the output port (7) and the expansion port (8) are both in communication with the upper chamber, the return port (9) is in communication with the lower chamber, the input port (6) is in communication with the inner cavity of the bottom shell (2) via the flow guide pipe (5), and a plurality of unit separators can be connected in series via the expansion port (8); The first partition plate (3) is provided with a flow channel hole (10) communicating with the upper chamber and the middle chamber. A coalescing filter element (11) is installed on the upper side of the first partition plate (3). The coalescing filter element (11) covers the upper end of the flow channel hole (10).

2. A multi-stage oil-water separator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The guide pipe (5) comprises an outer pipe sleeve (12) and an inner pipe sleeve (13), the top ends of the outer pipe sleeve (12) and the inner pipe sleeve (13) are fixedly connected, and an interlayer cavity with a blind upper end and an open lower end is formed between the outer pipe sleeve (12) and the inner pipe sleeve (13), and a spiral guide vane (14) is fixedly installed in the interlayer cavity, and the spiral guide vane (14) divides the interlayer cavity into spiral channels, the input port (6) is connected to the inner cavity of the bottom shell (2) through the spiral channel, and the middle chamber is connected to the inner cavity of the bottom shell (2) through the inner cavity of the inner pipe sleeve (13).

3. A multi-stage oil-water separator according to claim 2, characterized in that: The one-way conduction mechanism comprises a transmission sleeve (15) and a tapered hole (16) formed on the second partition plate (4); the top end of the transmission sleeve (15) is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the first partition plate (3); the middle chamber is connected to the lower chamber through the tapered hole (16); a ball head rod (17) is slidably mounted in the transmission sleeve (15); a return spring (25) is arranged in the transmission sleeve (15) for pressing the ball head rod (17) upward; and the ball head end of the ball head rod (17) is clamped in the tapered hole (16).

4. A multi-stage oil-water separator according to claim 3, characterized in that: A central shaft (18) is rotatably mounted in the inner tube sleeve (13) and is slidable and liftable. A first floating plate (19) is arranged in the middle chamber. A second floating plate (20) is arranged in the bottom shell (2). The first floating plate (19) and the second floating plate (20) are rotatably connected to the upper and lower ends of the central shaft (18) respectively.

5. A multi-stage oil-water separator according to claim 4, characterized in that: An adjusting disk (21) that is rotatable and movable up and down is arranged in the first partition (3); the top end of the central shaft (18) is fixedly connected to the adjusting disk (21); a plurality of magnetic blocks are embedded in the surface of the adjusting disk (21); a conductive coil (22) is embedded in the first partition (3); the conductive coil (22) is located on the upper side of the adjusting disk (21); and an impeller (23) is fixedly mounted on the surface of the central shaft (18) in the inner cavity of the inner tube sleeve (13).

6. A multi-stage oil-water separator according to claim 5, characterized in that: When an oil-water interface is formed in the middle chamber, the first floating plate (19) floats at the oil-water interface. When the height of the oil-water interface changes up and down, the first floating plate (19) moves up and down, causing the adjustment plate (21) to move closer to or away from the conductive coil (22).

7. A multi-stage oil-water separator according to claim 6, characterized in that: The transmission sleeve (15) is embedded with an excitation coil (24). The top end of the ball head rod (17) is made of magnetic material. The conductive coil (22) is electrically connected to the excitation coil (24). The conductive coil (22) generates an induced current which is introduced into the excitation coil (24). When the excitation coil (24) is energized, an electromagnetic force is generated to repel the ball head rod (17) downward.

8. A separation method using a multi-stage oil-water separator, using the multi-stage oil-water separator according to claim 7 to separate oil and water from an oil-water mixture, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1, the oil-water mixture is introduced into the input port (6) at a first pressure P1, the oil-water mixture enters the bottom shell (2) along the spiral channel, and the water and impurities in the oil-water mixture are deposited in the liquid accumulation cavity of the bottom shell (2), thereby achieving primary oil-water separation; S2, the oil-water mixture flows into the middle chamber from the inner tube sleeve (13), driving the impeller (23) to rotate, and the oil is filtered by the coalescing filter element (11), and the oil is discharged from the output port (7). Under the action of gravity, water is deposited in the middle chamber, and an oil-water interface is formed in the middle chamber, thereby achieving secondary oil-water separation. As the height of the oil-water interface rises, the first floating plate (19) moves upward, causing the regulating plate (21) to move close to the conductive coil (22), and the regulating plate (21) rotates, causing the conductive coil (22) to generate an induced current; S3, the conductive coil (22) generates an induced current which is introduced into the excitation coil (24). When the excitation coil (24) is energized, an electromagnetic force is generated which repels the ball head rod (17) downward, driving the ball head end of the ball head rod (17) to separate from the conical hole (16), and the water in the middle chamber is discharged from the reflux port (9), thereby lowering the height of the oil-water interface.

9. The separation method of a multi-stage oil-water separator according to claim 8, characterized in that: In the above-mentioned S1, the output port (7) is closed, and the oil-water mixture is introduced into the input port (6) at a second pressure P2, and P2>P1, so that the oil-water mixture is subjected to a primary oil-water separation process. P2 overcomes the force of the return spring (25), drives the ball head end of the ball head rod (17) to separate from the tapered hole (16), and the mixed liquid in the middle chamber is discharged from the reflux port (9), thereby realizing oil-water separation in the standby state.

10. The separation method of a multi-stage oil-water separator according to claim 9, characterized in that: Take a plurality of the unit separators, and use a pipeline to connect the expansion port (8) of one unit separator to the input port (6) of another unit separator, so as to realize the series connection of the plurality of unit separators and achieve multi-stage oil-water separation of the oil-water mixture.

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