Hydrogen storage and supply system and equipment of double-temperature type composite metal hydride reactor

Abstract

The invention discloses a hydrogen storage and supply system and equipment of a double-temperature type composite metal hydride reactor, the metal hydride reactor adopts expanded graphite and metal hydride to form a porous matrix composite metal hydride module, and the purpose of hydrogen storage and supply is achieved by continuous adsorption and desorption circulation of the porous matrix composite metal hydride module. The hydrogen storing and supplying system comprises a metal hydride hydrogen storing and supplying unit, a temperature control unit, a hydrogen inlet and a hydrogen outlet, and the hydrogen is stored and supplied through the processes of desorption of high-temperature metal hydride, cooling of hydrogen at medium temperature, adsorption of low-temperature metal hydride, desorption of the low-temperature metal hydride and adsorption coupling of the high-temperature metal hydride. Continuous heat and mass circulation is achieved, efficient hydrogen storage and stable hydrogen supply are synchronously achieved, the heat economy of coupling with systems such as a fuel cell while heat and mass continuous transfer is achieved is improved, the limitation of periodical heat utilization of traditional single-stage metal hydrides is broken through, the efficient hydrogen storage and supply advantages of the metal hydrides are brought into full play, and the application prospect is wide. A heat-flow-potential coupling model of the continuous adsorption and desorption process is established, and the rated hydrogen supply requirement of the solid hydrogen source system is met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of hydrogen storage and supply, and in particular to a hydrogen storage and supply system and equipment of a dual-temperature composite metal hydride reactor. Background Art

[0002] Hydrogen energy is regarded as the secondary energy with the greatest application potential in the global sustainable energy system. The development of safe, efficient and economical hydrogen storage and supply technology is a key link in promoting the use of hydrogen energy. Typical hydrogen storage methods include high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage, low-temperature liquid hydrogen storage and chemical hydrogen storage represented by metal hydrides.

[0003] Compared with high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage and low-temperature liquid hydrogen storage, metal hydride hydrogen storage has the advantages of high energy density, good reversible cycle, high safety, and suitability for normal temperature and pressure. Since hydrogen is stored in the internal gaps of the material lattice in the form of atoms, metal hydrides can store hydrogen and supply hydrogen to the outside at the same time. If efficient hydrogen storage and stable hydrogen supply can be achieved simultaneously, it will greatly promote the coupling integration of metal hydrides as solid hydrogen sources with typical hydrogen use scenarios such as fuel cells.

[0004] The essence of hydrogen storage and supply of metal hydrides is the reversible chemical adsorption-desorption reaction between gas and solid phases under certain thermal conditions. The adsorption process includes the adsorption and dissociation of hydrogen molecules on the metal surface, the diffusion of hydrogen atoms into the metal, and the chemical reaction at the gas-solid interface, while releasing reaction heat. The order of the desorption process is opposite to that of the adsorption, accompanied by an endothermic effect. By utilizing the relative independence of the adsorption and desorption reactions and the obvious endothermic and exothermic characteristics, the metal hydride-hydrogen working fluid pair has been greatly developed in the fields of heat utilization such as refrigeration and heat pumps.

[0005] The single-stage metal hydride reaction system constructed based on the combination of high and low temperature dual reactors usually produces a cooling effect only in the second half-cycle in a cycle, while the heating effect occurs in each half-cycle. This is determined by the periodic heating or cooling of the reactor, that is, the intermittent energy consumption characteristics. Therefore, the hydrogen working fluid as a medium exhibits discontinuous flow in the recycling. If continuous heat and mass transfer is to be achieved, at least two-stage system coupling operation is required. As a chemical reaction, the metal hydride adsorption and desorption process is controlled by the operating temperature and pressure dual variables, which makes the steady-state hydrogen storage and supply of the two-stage and above system The mechanism is more complicated, and with the increase of system reactors and their supporting equipment, stable and continuous operation is more susceptible to external conditions. These unfavorable factors greatly limit the application advantages of two-stage and above reaction systems as continuous hydrogen storage and supply units in lightweight modular fuel cells. In addition, due to the intermittent energy consumption characteristics and the temperature and pressure dual variable control properties of the reaction itself, the traditional single-stage system makes the hydrogen adsorption and desorption process present periodic and non-steady-state characteristics; and the two-stage and above systems are not highly thermally economical when coupled with fuel cells and other systems while achieving continuous heat and mass transfer. These greatly limit the metal hydrides from fully exerting their advantages in efficient hydrogen storage and supply. Summary of the invention

[0006] In order to solve the above-mentioned problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a hydrogen storage and supply system and equipment for a dual-temperature composite metal hydride reactor, aiming to solve the technical problems in the prior art that the hydrogen absorption and desorption process of the traditional single-stage system presents periodic and non-steady-state characteristics, and the thermal economy of the two-stage and above systems coupled with systems such as fuel cells is not high while achieving continuous heat and mass transfer.

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides the following technical scheme: a hydrogen storage and supply system of a dual-temperature composite metal hydride reactor, the hydrogen storage and supply system comprising a metal hydride hydrogen storage and supply unit, a temperature control unit and a hydrogen inlet and outlet, the metal hydride hydrogen storage and supply unit stores and supplies hydrogen by continuous adsorption and desorption of metal hydrides, the metal hydride hydrogen storage and supply unit is composed of a high-temperature metal hydride and a low-temperature metal hydride, the high-temperature metal hydride is desorbed by increasing the temperature of the tube-side fluid unit to reach the desorption temperature, and the low-temperature metal hydride is desorbed by increasing the temperature of the shell-side fluid unit to reach the desorption temperature;

[0008] In a single-stage metal hydride reactor, when the tube-side fluid unit is opened and the shell-side fluid unit is closed, the tube-side fluid unit continuously heats the high-temperature metal hydride. When the temperature of the high-temperature metal hydride rises to its desorption degree, hydrogen atoms are released from its surface to form hydrogen molecules. The hydrogen inlet is closed, the hydrogen outlet is opened, and hydrogen is supplied through the hydrogen outlet. When storing hydrogen, the temperature control unit is opened to cool the high-temperature hydrogen in the temperature control zone. When the hydrogen is cooled to the adsorption temperature of the low-temperature metal hydride, it is adsorbed by the low-temperature metal hydride, thereby realizing hydrogen supply and storage at the same time.

[0009] When the shell-side fluid unit is opened and the tube-side fluid unit is closed, the shell-side fluid unit continuously heats up the low-temperature metal hydride. When the temperature of the low-temperature metal hydride rises to its desorption temperature, hydrogen atoms are released from its surface to form hydrogen molecules, which supply hydrogen to the high-temperature metal hydride.

[0010] In a multi-stage metal hydride reactor, the hydrogen inlets and outlets of adjacent single-stage metal hydride reactors are coupled to each other, the hydrogen inlet of the upper-stage metal hydride reactor is connected to the hydrogen outlet of the lower-stage reactor, when the multi-stage metal hydride reactor supplies hydrogen, the tube-side fluid unit is opened, and the shell-side fluid unit is closed, the tube-side fluid unit continuously heats the high-temperature metal hydride, when the temperature of the high-temperature metal hydride rises to its desorption degree, hydrogen atoms are released from its surface to form hydrogen molecules, the hydrogen inlets and hydrogen outlets of adjacent metal hydride reactors form a hydrogen supply channel, the temperature control unit is opened to control the temperature of the high-temperature hydrogen, the temperature-controlled hydrogen flows into the lower-stage metal hydride reactor in turn, and hydrogen is supplied from the hydrogen outlet of the last metal hydride reactor;

[0011] When a multi-stage metal hydride reactor stores hydrogen, the hydrogen outlet at the very end is closed, and the temperature-controlled hydrogen is adsorbed by the low-temperature metal hydrides of each stage of the metal hydride reactor. After the adsorption is completed, the shell-side fluid unit is opened and the tube-side fluid unit is closed. The shell-side fluid unit continuously heats the low-temperature metal hydride. When the temperature of the low-temperature metal hydride rises to its desorption temperature, hydrogen atoms are released from its surface to form hydrogen molecules, which supply hydrogen to the high-temperature metal hydride.

[0012] Preferably, the desorption temperature and adsorption temperature of the high-temperature metal hydride are both greater than the desorption temperature of the low-temperature metal hydride, the fluid temperature in the tube-side fluid unit is greater than the fluid temperature of the shell-side fluid unit, the fluid temperature of the shell-side fluid unit is greater than the fluid temperature of the temperature control unit, the three fluid temperatures are synchronized to achieve a complete cycle together, but are relatively independent and unaffected by each other, the tube-side fluid temperature corresponds to the desorption temperature of the high-temperature metal hydride, and the shell-side fluid temperature corresponds to the desorption temperature of the low-temperature metal hydride. In the temperature control unit part, the temperature control fluid is used to cool the hydrogen desorbed from the high-temperature metal hydride, and the temperature of the temperature control fluid is between the above two temperature values ​​to form an effective temperature gradient and pressure driving potential.

[0013] Preferably, the multiple stages of metal hydride reactors are interconnected to form a hydrogen storage and supply system, and the hydrogen inlet and hydrogen outlet of two adjacent stages of metal hydride reactors are interconnected. Through the coupling process of desorption of high-temperature metal hydride, cooling of hydrogen at medium temperature and adsorption of low-temperature metal hydride, desorption of low-temperature metal hydride and adsorption of high-temperature metal hydride, continuous heat and mass cycle is achieved, breaking through the limitations of traditional single-stage metal hydride periodic heat utilization, establishing a heat-flow-potential coupling model of the continuous adsorption and desorption process, and meeting the rated hydrogen supply demand of the solid-state hydrogen source system.

[0014] A hydrogen storage and supply device for a dual-temperature composite metal hydride reactor, wherein the hydrogen storage and supply device uses expanded graphite and metal hydride to form a porous composite metal hydride module, and utilizes the continuous adsorption and desorption cycle of the porous composite metal hydride module to achieve the purpose of hydrogen storage and supply. The metal hydride reactor comprises a body, one end of the body is set as an adsorption and desorption reaction zone, and the adsorption and desorption reaction zone is used for adsorption and desorption of the metal hydride porous composite metal hydride module, and the other end of the body is set as a temperature control zone, and the adsorption and desorption reaction zone is sequentially provided with a high-temperature metal hydride and a low-temperature metal hydride from the inside to the outside, and a separation mechanism is provided between the high-temperature metal hydride and the low-temperature metal hydride, and the separation mechanism separates the high-temperature metal hydride and the low-temperature metal hydride in physical space.

[0015] A tube-side fluid pipeline runs through the middle of the high-temperature metal hydride, and a tube-side fluid is arranged inside the tube-side fluid pipeline. The temperature of the tube-side fluid corresponds to the desorption temperature of the high-temperature metal hydride. The tube-side fluid is driven by a tube-side fluid circulation pump, and the output end of the tube-side fluid circulation pump is connected to the input end of the tube-side fluid pipeline. A tube-side fluid valve is connected to the surface of the tube-side fluid pipeline. The tube-side fluid valve and the tube-side fluid circulation pump are opened to allow the tube-side fluid to continuously heat the high-temperature metal hydride. When the temperature of the high-temperature metal hydride rises to its desorption temperature range, hydrogen atoms are released from its surface to form hydrogen molecules, thereby achieving the purpose of hydrogen supply.

[0016] The high-temperature metal hydride and the low-temperature metal hydride are both penetrated by hydrogen conduits in an array, and the hydrogen conduits are provided with gas guide holes in an array on the circumference thereof. During adsorption, hydrogen contacts the metal hydride through the gas guide holes.

[0017] A shell-side fluid circulation zone is set between the low-temperature metal hydride and the adsorption-desorption reaction zone. The shell-side fluid circulation zone is connected with a shell-side fluid pipeline. The shell-side fluid is arranged inside the shell-side fluid pipeline. The shell-side fluid is driven by a shell-side fluid circulation pump. The output end of the shell-side fluid circulation pump is connected with the input end of the shell-side fluid pipeline. The surface of the shell-side fluid pipeline is connected with a shell-side fluid valve. The shell-side fluid valve and the shell-side fluid circulation pump are opened to allow the shell-side fluid to continuously heat the low-temperature metal hydride. When the temperature of the low-temperature metal hydride rises to its desorption temperature range, hydrogen atoms are released from its surface to form hydrogen molecules, which can not only achieve the purpose of hydrogen supply, but also provide hydrogen adsorption for the high-temperature metal hydride at the same time to achieve the purpose of hydrogen storage.

[0018] The temperature control zone is configured as an inner and outer layer. The inner layer of the temperature control zone is connected to the adsorption / desorption reaction zone. The outer layer of the temperature control zone is provided with a temperature control fluid, and the outer layer of the temperature control zone is connected to a temperature control fluid pipeline. The temperature control fluid is driven by a temperature control fluid circulation pump, and the output end of the temperature control fluid circulation pump is connected to the input end of the temperature control fluid pipeline. The surface of the temperature control fluid pipeline is connected to a temperature control fluid valve.

[0019] The two ends of the middle part of the body are respectively connected with a hydrogen inlet pipeline and a hydrogen outlet pipeline, and the multiple stages of the metal hydride reactors are interconnected to form a hydrogen storage and supply device. The hydrogen inlet pipelines and hydrogen outlet pipelines of two adjacent stages of the metal hydride reactors are interconnected, so that the metal hydride can store hydrogen and supply hydrogen to the outside in a timely manner, thereby achieving efficient hydrogen storage and stable hydrogen supply, and greatly promoting the coupling integration of metal hydride as a solid hydrogen source and the hydrogen use scenario of fuel cells. The hydrogen inlet pipeline is connected with a mass flow control valve to adjust the flow of hydrogen, ensure that the supply of hydrogen during the hydrogenation process meets the set value, and meet the needs of different application scenarios. The hydrogen outlet pipeline is connected with a pressure regulating valve to adjust the hydrogen pressure in the hydrogen outlet pipeline to ensure that the pressure of hydrogen is stable during transportation. A hydrogen temperature sensor and a hydrogen pressure sensor are sequentially arranged on the surface of the temperature control zone.

[0020] Preferably, the shell-side fluid valve, temperature-control fluid valve, tube-side fluid valve, pressure-regulating valve and mass flow control valve are all electric valves, which can be remotely controlled by a computer or PLC system to achieve automated operation, accurately control the flow, pressure and flow direction of the fluid, quickly respond to system changes, reduce the risk of human contact, improve safety, have a simple structure, are easy to maintain, and have a long service life under normal use and maintenance, and can be designed to be suitable for various environments, including high temperature, high pressure, and corrosive media.

[0021] Preferably, the separation mechanism is configured as a wire mesh cylinder, which extends to the temperature control zone, separating the high-temperature metal hydride from the low-temperature metal hydride in physical space while also providing a transmission channel for hydrogen between the high-temperature metal hydride and the low-temperature metal hydride. When the low-temperature metal hydride is desorbed, the desorbed hydrogen can be directly adsorbed by the high-temperature metal hydride through the wire mesh cylinder, thereby improving the adsorption efficiency of the high-temperature metal hydride.

[0022] Preferably, the tube-side fluid circulation pump, shell-side fluid circulation pump and temperature-control fluid circulation pump are all centrifugal pumps, and the lifts of the shell-side fluid circulation pump and the temperature-control fluid circulation pump are greater than the lift of the tube-side fluid circulation pump.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects:

[0024] The hydrogen storage and supply system adopts expanded graphite and metal hydride to form a porous composite metal hydride module, and utilizes the continuous adsorption and desorption cycle of the porous composite metal hydride module to achieve the purpose of continuous hydrogen storage and supply. Through the coupling process of desorption of high-temperature metal hydride, cooling of hydrogen at medium temperature and adsorption of low-temperature metal hydride, desorption of low-temperature metal hydride and adsorption of high-temperature metal hydride, continuous heat and mass cycle is realized, and efficient hydrogen storage and stable hydrogen supply are achieved simultaneously, which improves the thermal economy of coupling with systems such as fuel cells while achieving continuous heat and mass transfer, breaks through the limitations of traditional single-stage metal hydride periodic thermal utilization, gives full play to its advantages of efficient hydrogen storage and supply, establishes a heat-flow-potential coupling model of the continuous adsorption and desorption process, and realizes the rated hydrogen supply demand of the solid hydrogen source system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the embodiments of the present invention, they are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0026] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the hydrogen storage and supply equipment of the metal hydride reactor in the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the shell-side fluid unit of the hydrogen storage and supply equipment of the metal hydride reactor in the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of a hydrogen storage and supply device of a metal hydride reactor in the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4 It is a hydrogen storage and supply flow chart of the hydrogen storage and supply equipment of the single-stage metal hydride reactor in the present invention;

[0030] Figure 5 It is a flow chart of the adsorption and desorption reaction of the hydrogen storage and supply equipment in the present invention;

[0031] Figure 6 It is a flow chart of the coupling of the hydrogen storage and supply equipment of the multi-stage metal hydride reactor in the present invention.

[0032] Legend:

[0033] 1. Machine body; 2. Adsorption and desorption reaction zone; 201. Shell-side fluid circulation zone; 202. Shell-side fluid inlet; 203. Shell-side fluid pipeline; 204. Shell-side fluid circulation pump; 205. Shell-side fluid valve; 4. Temperature control zone; 401. Temperature control fluid; 402. Temperature control fluid inlet; 403. Temperature control fluid circulation pump; 404. Temperature control fluid pipeline; 405. Temperature control fluid valve; 5. Tube-side fluid pipeline; 501. Tube-side fluid circulation pump; 502. Tube-side fluid valve; 6. Hydrogen inlet pipeline; 601. Mass flow control valve; 7. Hydrogen outlet pipeline; 701. Pressure regulating valve; 8. Low-temperature metal hydride; 9. High-temperature metal hydride; 10. Wire mesh cylinder; 11. Hydrogen conduit; 13. Hydrogen temperature sensor; 14. Hydrogen pressure sensor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0035] Embodiment 1: A hydrogen storage and supply system of a dual-temperature composite metal hydride reactor, the hydrogen storage and supply system comprising a metal hydride hydrogen storage and supply unit, a temperature control unit and a hydrogen inlet and outlet, the metal hydride hydrogen storage and supply unit stores and supplies hydrogen by continuous adsorption and desorption of metal hydrides, the metal hydride hydrogen storage and supply unit is composed of a high-temperature metal hydride 9 and a low-temperature metal hydride 8, the high-temperature metal hydride is desorbed by increasing the temperature of the tube-side fluid unit to reach the desorption temperature, and the low-temperature metal hydride is desorbed by increasing the temperature of the shell-side fluid unit to reach the desorption temperature; the desorption temperature and adsorption temperature of the high-temperature metal hydride 9 are both greater than the low-temperature metal hydride 9. The desorption temperature of the high-temperature metal hydride 8, the fluid temperature in the tube-side fluid unit is greater than the fluid temperature in the shell-side fluid unit, the fluid temperature in the shell-side fluid unit is greater than the fluid temperature in the temperature control unit, the three fluid temperatures are synchronized to achieve a complete cycle together, but are relatively independent and are not affected by each other, the tube-side fluid temperature corresponds to the desorption temperature of the high-temperature metal hydride, and the shell-side fluid temperature corresponds to the desorption temperature of the low-temperature metal hydride. In the temperature control unit part, the temperature control fluid is used to cool the hydrogen desorbed from the high-temperature metal hydride, and the temperature of the temperature control fluid is between the above two temperature values ​​to form an effective temperature gradient and pressure driving potential.

[0036] In a single-stage metal hydride reactor, when the tube-side fluid unit is opened and the shell-side fluid unit is closed, the tube-side fluid unit continuously heats the high-temperature metal hydride. When the temperature of the high-temperature metal hydride rises to its desorption degree, hydrogen atoms are released from its surface to form hydrogen molecules. The hydrogen inlet is closed, the hydrogen outlet is opened, and hydrogen is supplied through the hydrogen outlet. When storing hydrogen, the temperature control unit is opened to cool the high-temperature hydrogen in the temperature control zone 4. When the hydrogen is cooled to the adsorption temperature of the low-temperature metal hydride, it is adsorbed by the low-temperature metal hydride 8, thereby realizing hydrogen supply and hydrogen storage at the same time.

[0037] When the shell-side fluid unit is opened and the tube-side fluid unit is closed, the shell-side fluid unit continuously heats up the low-temperature metal hydride. When the temperature of the low-temperature metal hydride rises to its desorption temperature, hydrogen atoms are released from its surface to form hydrogen molecules, which supply hydrogen to the high-temperature metal hydride and can also supply hydrogen to the outside.

[0038] Specifically, multi-stage metal hydride reactors are interconnected to form a hydrogen storage and supply system, and the hydrogen inlets and hydrogen outlets of two adjacent metal hydride reactors are interconnected. Through the coupling process of desorption of high-temperature metal hydrides, cooling of hydrogen at medium temperature and adsorption of low-temperature metal hydrides, desorption of low-temperature metal hydrides and adsorption of high-temperature metal hydrides, continuous heat and mass circulation is achieved, breaking through the limitations of traditional single-stage metal hydride periodic thermal utilization, establishing a heat-flow-potential coupling model of the continuous adsorption and desorption process, and achieving the rated hydrogen supply demand of the solid-state hydrogen source system; in the multi-stage metal hydride reactor, the hydrogen inlet and outlet of the adjacent single-stage metal hydride reactors are connected to each other. The ports are coupled to each other, the hydrogen inlet of the upper-stage metal hydride reactor is connected to the hydrogen outlet of the next-stage reactor. When the multi-stage metal hydride reactor supplies hydrogen, the tube-side fluid unit is opened, and the shell-side fluid unit is closed. The tube-side fluid unit continuously heats the high-temperature metal hydride. When the temperature of the high-temperature metal hydride rises to its desorption degree, hydrogen atoms are released from its surface to form hydrogen molecules. The hydrogen inlet and hydrogen outlet of the adjacent metal hydride reactor form a hydrogen supply channel. The temperature control unit is opened to control the temperature of the high-temperature hydrogen. The temperature-controlled hydrogen flows into the next-stage metal hydride reactor in turn, and hydrogen is supplied from the hydrogen outlet of the last metal hydride reactor.

[0039] When a multi-stage metal hydride reactor stores hydrogen, the hydrogen outlet at the very end is closed, and the temperature-controlled hydrogen is adsorbed by the low-temperature metal hydrides of each stage of the metal hydride reactor. After the adsorption is completed, the shell-side fluid unit is opened and the tube-side fluid unit is closed. The shell-side fluid unit continuously heats the low-temperature metal hydride. When the temperature of the low-temperature metal hydride rises to its desorption temperature, hydrogen atoms are released from its surface to form hydrogen molecules, which supply hydrogen to the high-temperature metal hydride.

[0040] A hydrogen storage and supply device for a dual-temperature composite metal hydride reactor, wherein the hydrogen storage and supply device uses expanded graphite and metal hydride to form a porous composite metal hydride module, and utilizes the continuous adsorption and desorption cycle of the porous composite metal hydride module to achieve the purpose of hydrogen storage and supply. The metal hydride reactor comprises a body, one end of the body is set as an adsorption and desorption reaction zone, the adsorption and desorption reaction zone is used for adsorption and desorption of the metal hydride porous composite metal hydride module, the other end of the body is set as a temperature control zone, the adsorption and desorption reaction zone is sequentially provided with a high-temperature metal hydride and a low-temperature metal hydride from the inside to the outside, the high-temperature metal hydride and the low-temperature metal hydride are both penetrated by hydrogen conduits in an array, and the hydrogen conduits are provided with gas guide holes in an array on the circumference of the hydrogen conduits, and hydrogen contacts the metal hydride through the gas guide holes during adsorption. A separation mechanism is provided between the high-temperature metal hydride and the low-temperature metal hydride. The separation mechanism separates the high-temperature metal hydride and the low-temperature metal hydride in physical space. The separation mechanism is a wire mesh cylinder. The wire mesh cylinder extends to the temperature control zone. While separating the high-temperature metal hydride and the low-temperature metal hydride in physical space, it also provides a transmission channel for hydrogen between the high-temperature metal hydride and the low-temperature metal hydride. When the low-temperature metal hydride is desorbed, the desorbed hydrogen can be directly adsorbed by the high-temperature metal hydride through the wire mesh cylinder, thereby improving the adsorption efficiency of the high-temperature metal hydride.

[0041] A tube-side fluid pipeline runs through the middle of the high-temperature metal hydride, and a tube-side fluid is arranged inside the tube-side fluid pipeline. The temperature of the tube-side fluid corresponds to the desorption temperature of the high-temperature metal hydride. The tube-side fluid is driven by a tube-side fluid circulation pump, and the output end of the tube-side fluid circulation pump is connected with the input end of the tube-side fluid pipeline. A tube-side fluid valve is connected to the surface of the tube-side fluid pipeline. The tube-side fluid valve and the tube-side fluid circulation pump are opened to allow the tube-side fluid to continuously heat the high-temperature metal hydride. When the temperature of the high-temperature metal hydride rises to its desorption temperature range, hydrogen atoms are released from its surface to form hydrogen molecules, thereby achieving the purpose of hydrogen supply.

[0042] A shell-side fluid circulation zone is set between the low-temperature metal hydride and the adsorption-desorption reaction zone. The shell-side fluid circulation zone is connected with a shell-side fluid pipeline. The shell-side fluid is arranged inside the shell-side fluid pipeline. The shell-side fluid is driven by a shell-side fluid circulation pump. The output end of the shell-side fluid circulation pump is connected with the input end of the shell-side fluid pipeline. The surface of the shell-side fluid pipeline is connected with a shell-side fluid valve. The shell-side fluid valve and the shell-side fluid circulation pump are opened to allow the shell-side fluid to continuously heat the low-temperature metal hydride. When the temperature of the low-temperature metal hydride rises to its desorption temperature range, hydrogen atoms are released from its surface to form hydrogen molecules, which can not only achieve the purpose of hydrogen supply, but also provide hydrogen adsorption for the high-temperature metal hydride at the same time to achieve the purpose of hydrogen storage.

[0043] The temperature control zone is set to have two layers, the inner layer of the temperature control zone 4 is connected to the adsorption / desorption reaction zone 2, the outer layer of the temperature control zone is provided with a temperature control fluid, and the outer layer of the temperature control zone is connected to a temperature control fluid pipeline, the temperature control fluid is driven by a temperature control fluid circulation pump, and the output end of the temperature control fluid circulation pump is connected to the input end of the temperature control fluid pipeline, and a temperature control fluid valve is connected to the surface of the temperature control fluid pipeline.

[0044] The two ends of the middle part of the body are respectively connected with a hydrogen inlet pipeline and a hydrogen outlet pipeline, and the multi-stage metal hydride reactors are interconnected to form a hydrogen storage and supply device. The hydrogen inlet pipeline 6 and the hydrogen outlet pipeline 7 of the two adjacent metal hydride reactors are interconnected, so that the metal hydride can store hydrogen and supply hydrogen to the outside in time, realizing efficient hydrogen storage and stable hydrogen supply, greatly promoting the coupling integration of metal hydride as a solid hydrogen source and fuel cell hydrogen use scenario. The hydrogen inlet pipeline is connected with a mass flow control valve to adjust the flow of hydrogen to ensure that the supply of hydrogen during the hydrogenation process meets the set value and meets the needs of different application scenarios. The hydrogen outlet pipeline is connected with a pressure regulating valve to adjust the hydrogen pressure in the hydrogen outlet pipeline to ensure the stability of the hydrogen pressure during transportation. A hydrogen temperature sensor and a hydrogen pressure sensor are sequentially arranged on the surface of the temperature control zone.

[0045] Specifically, shell-side fluid valves, temperature-controlled fluid valves, tube-side fluid valves, pressure regulating valves and mass flow control valves all use electric valves, which can be remotely controlled by computers or PLC systems to achieve automated operation, accurately control the flow, pressure and direction of the fluid, quickly respond to system changes, reduce the risk of human contact, improve safety, have a simple structure, are easy to maintain, and have a long service life under normal use and maintenance. They can be designed to be suitable for various environments, including high temperature, high pressure, and corrosive media.

[0046] Specifically, the tube-side fluid circulation pump, the shell-side fluid circulation pump and the temperature-controlling fluid circulation pump all adopt centrifugal pumps, and the lifts of the shell-side fluid circulation pump and the temperature-controlling fluid circulation pump are greater than the lift of the tube-side fluid circulation pump.

[0047] Embodiment 2:

[0048] See also Figure 1-Figure 4 , this embodiment provides the following technical solutions: Figure 1-Figure 4 As shown, NiH 2 As a high-temperature metal hydride, NiH 2 The desorption temperature is 150-200 degrees Celsius, the tube fluid is high temperature oil, the temperature is controlled at 150-200 degrees Celsius, and LaNi is selected 5 H 6 As a low-temperature metal hydride, the shell-side fluid uses high-temperature oil, and the temperature is controlled at 100-150 degrees Celsius. 5 H 6The desorption temperature is between 40 and 100 degrees Celsius, and the temperature control fluid is cooling water, and the temperature is controlled at 50-100 degrees Celsius. In the hydrogen storage and supply equipment of the single-stage metal hydride reactor, the pipe-side fluid valve 502 and the pipe-side fluid circulation pump 501 are opened during hydrogen supply, so that the high-temperature oil continuously irradiates NiH 2 When the temperature rises, NiH 2 When the temperature rises to 150-200 degrees Celsius, hydrogen atoms are released from its surface to form hydrogen molecules, the hydrogen inlet is closed, the pressure regulating valve 701 of the hydrogen outlet is opened, and hydrogen is supplied through the hydrogen outlet;

[0049] When storing hydrogen, the temperature control fluid valve 405 and the temperature control fluid circulation pump 403 are opened to allow the cooling water to continuously cool the high-temperature hydrogen in the temperature control area 4. When the hydrogen is cooled to the adsorption temperature of LaNi5H6, it is adsorbed by the low-temperature metal hydride 8. When LaNi is needed, 5 H 6 NiH 2 When supplying hydrogen, open the shell-side fluid valve 205 and the shell-side fluid circulation pump 204 to allow the shell-side fluid to continuously circulate the LaNi 5 H 6 When the temperature rises, LaNi 5 H 6 When the temperature rises to 100-150 degrees Celsius, hydrogen atoms are released from its surface to form hydrogen molecules, which provide hydrogen adsorption for NiH2 to achieve the purpose of hydrogen storage and can also supply hydrogen to the outside.

[0050] Embodiment 3:

[0051] See also Figure 4-Figure 6 The present embodiment provides the following technical solution: a multi-stage metal hydride reactor is interconnected to form a hydrogen storage and supply system, the hydrogen inlet and hydrogen outlet of two adjacent metal hydride reactors are interconnected, the hydrogen inlet of the upper stage hydrogen storage and supply system is connected to the hydrogen outlet of the lower stage hydrogen storage and supply system, and the pipe-side fluid valve 502 and the pipe-side fluid circulation pump 501 are opened when hydrogen is supplied, and the upper stage NiH 2 The desorbed hydrogen enters the next stage, and the temperature control fluid valve 405 and the temperature control fluid circulation pump 403 are opened, so that the cooling water continuously cools the high-temperature hydrogen in the temperature control zone 4, and hydrogen is supplied from the hydrogen outlet of the metal hydride reactor at the end;

[0052] When storing hydrogen, the hydrogen outlet at the end is closed, and the temperature-controlled hydrogen is transported to the LaNi 5 H 6 After adsorption, the shell-side fluid valve 205 and the shell-side fluid circulation pump 204 in each stage are opened to allow the shell-side fluid to continuously adsorb LaNi 5 H 6When the temperature of LaNi5H6 rises to 100-150 degrees Celsius, hydrogen atoms are released from its surface to form hydrogen molecules, providing hydrogen adsorption for NiH2. 2 , Cooling of hydrogen under cooling water and LaNi 5 H 6 Adsorption, LaNi 5 H 6 Desorption and NiH 2 The adsorption coupling process realizes continuous heat and mass circulation, improves the thermal economy of coupling with systems such as fuel cells while realizing continuous heat and mass transfer, breaks through the limitations of traditional single-stage metal hydride periodic thermal utilization, gives full play to its advantages of efficient hydrogen storage and supply, and establishes a thermal-fluid-potential coupling model of the continuous adsorption and desorption process to meet the rated hydrogen supply demand of the solid-state hydrogen source system.

[0053] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments or replace some of the technical features therein by equivalents. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hydrogen storage and supply system for a dual-temperature composite metal hydride reactor, characterized in that: The hydrogen storage and supply system comprises a metal hydride hydrogen storage and supply unit, a temperature control unit and a hydrogen inlet and outlet. The metal hydride hydrogen storage and supply unit stores and supplies hydrogen by continuous adsorption and desorption of metal hydride. The metal hydride hydrogen storage and supply unit is composed of a high-temperature metal hydride (9) and a low-temperature metal hydride (8). The high-temperature metal hydride is desorbed by increasing the temperature of the tube-side fluid unit to reach the desorption temperature, and the low-temperature metal hydride is desorbed by increasing the temperature of the shell-side fluid unit to reach the desorption temperature. In a single-stage metal hydride reactor, when the tube-side fluid unit is opened and the shell-side fluid unit is closed, the tube-side fluid unit continuously heats the high-temperature metal hydride. When the temperature of the high-temperature metal hydride rises to its desorption degree, hydrogen atoms are released from its surface to form hydrogen molecules. The hydrogen inlet is closed, the hydrogen outlet is opened, and hydrogen is supplied through the hydrogen outlet. When storing hydrogen, the temperature control unit is opened to cool the high-temperature hydrogen in the temperature control area (4). When the hydrogen is cooled to the adsorption temperature of the low-temperature metal hydride, it is adsorbed by the low-temperature metal hydride (8), thereby realizing hydrogen supply and hydrogen storage at the same time. When the shell-side fluid unit is opened and the tube-side fluid unit is closed, the shell-side fluid unit continuously heats up the low-temperature metal hydride. When the temperature of the low-temperature metal hydride rises to its desorption temperature, hydrogen atoms are released from its surface to form hydrogen molecules, which supply hydrogen to the high-temperature metal hydride. In a multi-stage metal hydride reactor, the hydrogen inlets and outlets of adjacent single-stage metal hydride reactors are coupled to each other, the hydrogen inlet of the upper-stage metal hydride reactor is connected to the hydrogen outlet of the lower-stage reactor, when the multi-stage metal hydride reactor supplies hydrogen, the tube-side fluid unit is opened, and the shell-side fluid unit is closed, the tube-side fluid unit continuously heats the high-temperature metal hydride, when the temperature of the high-temperature metal hydride rises to its desorption degree, hydrogen atoms are released from its surface to form hydrogen molecules, the hydrogen inlets and hydrogen outlets of adjacent metal hydride reactors form a hydrogen supply channel, the temperature control unit is opened to control the temperature of the high-temperature hydrogen, the temperature-controlled hydrogen flows into the lower-stage metal hydride reactor in turn, and hydrogen is supplied from the hydrogen outlet of the last metal hydride reactor; When a multi-stage metal hydride reactor stores hydrogen, the hydrogen outlet at the very end is closed, and the temperature-controlled hydrogen is adsorbed by the low-temperature metal hydrides of each stage of the metal hydride reactor. After the adsorption is completed, the shell-side fluid unit is opened and the tube-side fluid unit is closed. The shell-side fluid unit continuously heats the low-temperature metal hydride. When the temperature of the low-temperature metal hydride rises to its desorption temperature, hydrogen atoms are released from its surface to form hydrogen molecules, which supply hydrogen to the high-temperature metal hydride.

2. The hydrogen storage and supply system of the metal hydride reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The desorption temperature and adsorption temperature of the high-temperature metal hydride (9) are both greater than the desorption temperature of the low-temperature metal hydride (8).

3. The hydrogen storage and supply system of the metal hydride reactor according to claim 2, characterized in that: The desorption temperature of the high-temperature metal hydride (9) corresponds to the fluid temperature of the tube-side fluid unit, the desorption temperature of the low-temperature metal hydride (8) corresponds to the fluid temperature of the shell-side fluid unit, the fluid temperature in the tube-side fluid unit is greater than the fluid temperature of the shell-side fluid unit, and the fluid temperature of the shell-side fluid unit is greater than the fluid temperature of the temperature control unit.

4. The hydrogen storage and supply system of the metal hydride reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multiple stages of metal hydride reactors are interconnected to form a hydrogen storage and supply system, and the hydrogen inlets and hydrogen outlets of two adjacent stages of metal hydride reactors are interconnected.

5. A hydrogen storage and supply device for a dual-temperature composite metal hydride reactor, wherein the hydrogen storage and supply device uses expanded graphite and metal hydride to form a porous composite metal hydride module, and utilizes the continuous adsorption and desorption cycle of the porous composite metal hydride module to achieve the purpose of hydrogen storage and supply. The metal hydride reactor comprises a body (1), characterized in that: One end of the body (1) is set as an adsorption / desorption reaction zone (2), and the other end of the body (1) is set as a temperature control zone (4). A high-temperature metal hydride (9) and a low-temperature metal hydride (8) are arranged in sequence from the inside to the outside of the adsorption / desorption reaction zone (2), and a separation mechanism is arranged between the high-temperature metal hydride (9) and the low-temperature metal hydride (8). The separation mechanism separates the high-temperature metal hydride (9) and the low-temperature metal hydride (8) in physical space. A tube-side fluid pipeline (5) runs through the middle of the high-temperature metal hydride (9), and a tube-side fluid is arranged inside the tube-side fluid pipeline (5). Hydrogen gas is arranged to flow through the high-temperature metal hydride (9) and the low-temperature metal hydride (8). The hydrogen conduit (11) is provided with gas guide holes in an array on its circumference. A shell-side fluid circulation zone (201) is provided between the low-temperature metal hydride (8) and the adsorption-desorption reaction zone (2). The shell-side fluid circulation zone (201) is connected to a shell-side fluid pipeline (203). The shell-side fluid pipeline (203) is provided with shell-side fluid. The temperature control zone (4) is provided with an inner and outer layer. The inner layer of the temperature control zone (4) is connected to the adsorption-desorption reaction zone (2). The outer layer of the temperature control zone (4) is provided with a temperature control fluid (401). The outer layer of the temperature control zone (4) is connected to a temperature control fluid pipeline (404). The two ends of the middle part of the machine body (1) are respectively connected to a hydrogen inlet pipeline (6) and a hydrogen outlet pipeline (7).

6. The hydrogen storage and supply equipment for the metal hydride reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tube-side fluid is driven by a tube-side fluid circulation pump (501), the output end of the tube-side fluid circulation pump (501) is connected to the input end of the tube-side fluid pipeline (5), the surface of the tube-side fluid pipeline (5) is connected to a tube-side fluid valve (502), the shell-side fluid is driven by a shell-side fluid circulation pump (204), the output end of the shell-side fluid circulation pump (204) is connected to the input end of the shell-side fluid pipeline (203), the surface of the shell-side fluid pipeline (203) is connected to a shell-side fluid valve (205), the temperature control fluid The body (401) is driven by a temperature-control fluid circulation pump (403), and the output end of the temperature-control fluid circulation pump (403) is connected to the input end of a temperature-control fluid pipeline (404), the surface of the temperature-control fluid pipeline (404) is connected to a temperature-control fluid valve (405), the hydrogen inlet pipeline (6) is connected to a mass flow control valve (601), the hydrogen outlet pipeline (7) is connected to a pressure regulating valve (701), and the surface of the temperature control zone (4) is provided with a hydrogen temperature sensor (13) and a hydrogen pressure sensor (14) in sequence.

7. The hydrogen storage and supply equipment for the metal hydride reactor according to claim 6, characterized in that: The shell-side fluid valve (205), the temperature-control fluid valve (405), the tube-side fluid valve (502), the pressure regulating valve (701) and the mass flow control valve (601) are all electric valves.

8. The hydrogen storage and supply equipment for the metal hydride reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The separation mechanism is configured as a wire mesh cylinder (10), and the wire mesh cylinder (10) extends to the temperature control zone (4).

9. The hydrogen storage and supply equipment for the metal hydride reactor according to claim 6, characterized in that: The tube-side fluid circulation pump (501), the shell-side fluid circulation pump (204) and the temperature-control fluid circulation pump (403) are all centrifugal pumps, and the lifts of the shell-side fluid circulation pump (204) and the temperature-control fluid circulation pump (403) are both greater than the lift of the tube-side fluid circulation pump (501).

10. The hydrogen storage and supply equipment for the metal hydride reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multiple stages of metal hydride reactors are interconnected to form hydrogen storage and supply equipment, and the hydrogen inlet pipelines (6) and hydrogen outlet pipelines (7) of two adjacent stages of metal hydride reactors are interconnected.

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