Hydrogen storage and supply system for dual-temperature type composite metal hydride reactor

Abstract

The application discloses a hydrogen storage and supply system of a double-temperature composite metal hydride reactor. The metal hydride reactor is composed of a porous base composite metal hydride module formed by expanded graphite and metal hydride, and the purpose of hydrogen storage and supply is achieved by continuous adsorption and desorption cycles of the porous base composite metal hydride module. The hydrogen storage and supply system comprises a metal hydride storage and supply unit, a temperature control unit and hydrogen inlets and outlets. Through the coupling process of desorption of high-temperature metal hydride, cooling of hydrogen at medium temperature, adsorption of low-temperature metal hydride, desorption of low-temperature metal hydride and adsorption of high-temperature metal hydride, continuous heat and mass cycles are realized, efficient hydrogen storage and stable hydrogen supply are simultaneously achieved, the thermal economy of coupling with a fuel cell system while realizing continuous heat and mass transfer is improved, the limitation of traditional single-stage metal hydride periodic heat utilization is broken, the advantages of efficient hydrogen storage and supply of the metal hydride are fully utilized, a heat-flow-potential coupling model of the continuous adsorption and desorption process is established, and the rated hydrogen supply demand of a solid-state hydrogen source system is met.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of hydrogen storage and supply, and particularly relates to a hydrogen storage and supply system of a dual-temperature type composite metal hydride reactor. BACKGROUND

[0002] Hydrogen energy is regarded as the most potential secondary energy in the global sustainable energy system, and developing safe, efficient and economical hydrogen storage and supply technology is a key link to promote hydrogen energy utilization. Typical hydrogen storage methods include high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage, low-temperature liquid hydrogen storage and chemical hydrogen storage represented by metal hydride.

[0003] Compared with high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage and low-temperature liquid hydrogen storage, metal hydride hydrogen storage has the advantages of high energy density, good reversible cycle, high safety and suitability for normal temperature and pressure. Since hydrogen is stored in the form of atoms in the internal gap of the material lattice, metal hydride hydrogen storage can also supply hydrogen in time. If efficient hydrogen storage and stable hydrogen supply can be realized at the same time, it will greatly promote the coupling and integration of metal hydride as a solid hydrogen source and typical hydrogen-using scenarios such as fuel cells.

[0004] The essence of metal hydride hydrogen storage and supply is the reversible chemical adsorption-desorption reaction between gas and solid phases under certain thermal conditions. The adsorption process includes the adsorption and dissociation of hydrogen molecules on the metal surface, the diffusion of hydrogen atoms into the metal, and the chemical reaction at the gas-solid interface. At the same time, heat is released. The order of the desorption process is opposite to that of the adsorption, accompanied by endothermic effect. By utilizing the relative independence and obvious heat absorption and release characteristics of the adsorption-desorption reaction, the metal hydride-hydrogen working medium pair has been greatly developed in the field of heat utilization such as refrigeration and heat pump.

[0005] The single-stage metal hydride reaction system based on the combination of high and low temperature double reactors usually produces refrigeration effect only in the second half cycle in a cycle period, and heating effect occurs in each half cycle, which is determined by the characteristics of the reactor being heated or cooled periodically, namely intermittently, so that the hydrogen working medium as a medium shows non-continuous flow in the cycle utilization, if continuous heat and mass transfer is to be realized, at least two-stage system coupling operation is needed to realize it, as a chemical reaction, the metal hydride adsorption and desorption process is controlled by the double variables of operating temperature and pressure, which makes the stable hydrogen storage and supply mechanism of the two-stage and above system more complex, combined with the increase of the system reactor and its supporting equipment, the stable and continuous operation is more easily affected by external conditions, these unfavorable factors greatly limit the application advantages of the two-stage and above reaction system as a continuous hydrogen storage and supply unit in the light modular fuel cell, and the traditional single-stage system due to the intermittent energy characteristics and the temperature and pressure double variable control properties of the reaction itself, the adsorption and desorption hydrogen process shows periodicity and non-steady state characteristics, and the two-stage and above system has low thermal economy when coupled with the fuel cell system to realize continuous heat and mass transfer, which greatly limits the full play of the high efficient hydrogen storage and supply advantages of metal hydride. SUMMARY

[0006] To solve the above problems in the prior art, the application provides a dual-temperature composite metal hydride reactor hydrogen storage and supply system, which aims to solve the technical problems of the periodicity and non-steady state characteristics of the adsorption and desorption hydrogen process of the traditional single-stage system, and the low thermal economy of the two-stage and above system when coupled with the fuel cell system to realize continuous heat and mass transfer.

[0007] To achieve the above purpose, the application provides the following technical scheme: a dual-temperature composite metal hydride reactor hydrogen storage and supply system, which comprises a metal hydride hydrogen storage and supply unit, a temperature control unit and a hydrogen inlet and outlet, the metal hydride hydrogen storage and supply unit stores and supplies hydrogen by continuous adsorption and desorption of metal hydride, the metal hydride hydrogen storage and supply unit is composed of high-temperature metal hydride and low-temperature metal hydride, the high-temperature metal hydride is heated to the desorption temperature by a tube fluid unit to complete desorption, and the low-temperature metal hydride is heated to the desorption temperature by a shell fluid unit to complete desorption.

[0008] In the single-stage metal hydride reactor, when the tube-side fluid unit is opened and the shell-side fluid unit is closed, the tube-side fluid unit continuously heats the high-temperature metal hydride, when the temperature of the high-temperature metal hydride rises to its desorption temperature, hydrogen atoms are released from its surface to form hydrogen molecules, the hydrogen inlet is closed and the hydrogen outlet is opened, and hydrogen is supplied through the hydrogen outlet; when the temperature control unit is opened to cool the high-temperature hydrogen in the temperature control area, when the hydrogen is cooled to the adsorption temperature of the low-temperature metal hydride, it is adsorbed by the low-temperature metal hydride, achieving hydrogen supply while hydrogen storage.

[0009] When the shell-side fluid unit is opened and the tube-side fluid unit is closed, the shell-side fluid unit continuously heats the low-temperature metal hydride, when the temperature of the low-temperature metal hydride rises to its desorption temperature, hydrogen atoms are released from its surface to form hydrogen molecules, and hydrogen is supplied to the high-temperature metal hydride.

[0010] In the multi-stage metal hydride reactor, the hydrogen inlets and outlets of adjacent single-stage metal hydride reactors are coupled, the hydrogen inlet of the upper-stage metal hydride reactor is communicated with the hydrogen outlet of the lower-stage reactor, when the multi-stage metal hydride reactor supplies hydrogen, the tube-side fluid unit is opened and the shell-side fluid unit is closed, the tube-side fluid unit continuously heats the high-temperature metal hydride, when the temperature of the high-temperature metal hydride rises to its desorption temperature, hydrogen atoms are released from its surface to form hydrogen molecules, the hydrogen inlet and the hydrogen outlet of adjacent metal hydride reactors form a hydrogen supply channel, the temperature control unit is opened to control the temperature of the high-temperature hydrogen, and the temperature-controlled hydrogen flows into the lower-stage metal hydride reactor in turn, and hydrogen is supplied through the hydrogen outlet of the last-stage metal hydride reactor.

[0011] When the multi-stage metal hydride reactor stores hydrogen, the last-stage hydrogen outlet is closed, the temperature-controlled hydrogen is adsorbed by the low-temperature metal hydride of each-stage metal hydride reactor, after the adsorption is completed, the shell-side fluid unit is opened and the tube-side fluid unit is closed, the shell-side fluid unit continuously heats the low-temperature metal hydride, when the temperature of the low-temperature metal hydride rises to its desorption temperature, hydrogen atoms are released from its surface to form hydrogen molecules, and hydrogen is supplied to the high-temperature metal hydride.

[0012] Preferably, the desorption temperature and the adsorption temperature of the high-temperature metal hydride are both greater than the desorption temperature of the low-temperature metal hydride, the fluid temperature in the tube-pass fluid unit is greater than the fluid temperature in the shell-pass fluid unit, the fluid temperature in the shell-pass fluid unit is greater than the fluid temperature in the temperature control unit, the three fluid temperatures are synchronized and collectively realize complete circulation, but are relatively independent and do not affect each other, the tube-pass fluid temperature corresponds to the desorption temperature of the high-temperature metal hydride, the shell-pass fluid temperature corresponds to the desorption temperature of the low-temperature metal hydride, and in the temperature control unit, the temperature control fluid is used to cool the hydrogen desorbed from the high-temperature metal hydride, and the temperature of the temperature control fluid is between the two temperature values to form an effective temperature gradient and a pressure driving potential.

[0013] Preferably, the multiple-stage metal hydride reactors are connected to form a hydrogen storage and supply system, the hydrogen inlet and the hydrogen outlet of adjacent two-stage metal hydride reactors are connected to each other, and through the coupling process of the desorption of the high-temperature metal hydride, the cooling of hydrogen at medium temperature, the adsorption of the low-temperature metal hydride, the desorption of the low-temperature metal hydride, and the adsorption of the high-temperature metal hydride, continuous heat-mass circulation is realized, the limitation of traditional single-stage metal hydride periodic heat utilization is broken through, a heat-flow-potential coupling model of continuous adsorption and desorption process is established, and the rated hydrogen supply demand of a solid-state hydrogen source system is met.

[0014] The hydrogen storage and supply equipment of the dual-temperature composite metal hydride reactor comprises a body, one end of the body is provided with an adsorption and desorption reaction zone for the adsorption and desorption of the metal hydride porous base composite metal hydride module, the other end of the body is provided with a temperature control zone, the adsorption and desorption reaction zone is internally provided with high-temperature metal hydride and low-temperature metal hydride from inside to outside, and a separation mechanism is arranged between the high-temperature metal hydride and the low-temperature metal hydride to physically separate the high-temperature metal hydride and the low-temperature metal hydride.

[0015] The high-temperature metal hydride is provided with a tube-pass fluid pipeline penetrating through the middle part, the tube-pass fluid pipeline is internally provided with tube-pass fluid, the tube-pass fluid temperature corresponds to the desorption temperature of the high-temperature metal hydride, the tube-pass fluid is driven by a tube-pass fluid circulating pump, the output end of the tube-pass fluid circulating pump is connected to the input end of the tube-pass fluid pipeline, and the surface of the tube-pass fluid pipeline is connected to a tube-pass fluid valve; when the tube-pass fluid valve and the tube-pass fluid circulating pump are opened, the tube-pass fluid continuously warms the high-temperature metal hydride, when the temperature of the high-temperature metal hydride rises to the desorption temperature range, hydrogen atoms are released from the surface of the high-temperature metal hydride to form hydrogen molecules, and the purpose of hydrogen supply is achieved.

[0016] The high-temperature metal hydride and the low-temperature metal hydride are internally arrayed with hydrogen gas guide pipes, the surface of the hydrogen gas guide pipes is arrayed with gas guide holes, and hydrogen gas is contacted with the metal hydride through the gas guide holes during adsorption.

[0017] The low-temperature metal hydride and the adsorption and desorption reaction zone are provided with a shell side fluid circulation zone, the shell side fluid circulation zone is internally communicated with a shell side fluid pipeline, the shell side fluid pipeline is internally provided with a shell side fluid, the shell side fluid is driven by a shell side fluid circulating pump, the output end of the shell side fluid circulating pump is communicated with the input end of the shell side fluid pipeline, the surface of the shell side fluid pipeline is communicated with a shell side fluid valve, and opening the shell side fluid valve and the shell side fluid circulating pump enables the shell side fluid to continuously heat the low-temperature metal hydride, when the temperature of the low-temperature metal hydride rises to the desorption temperature range, hydrogen atoms are released from the surface to form hydrogen molecules, which not only achieves the purpose of hydrogen supply, but also simultaneously provides hydrogen adsorption for the high-temperature metal hydride, achieving the purpose of hydrogen storage.

[0018] The temperature control zone is provided with two layers of inner and outer layers, the inner layer of the temperature control zone is communicated with the adsorption and desorption reaction zone, the outer layer of the temperature control zone is provided with a temperature control fluid, and the outer layer of the temperature control zone is communicated with a temperature control fluid pipeline, the temperature control fluid is driven by a temperature control fluid circulating pump, the output end of the temperature control fluid circulating pump is communicated with the input end of the temperature control fluid pipeline, and the surface of the temperature control fluid pipeline is communicated with a temperature control fluid valve.

[0019] The hydrogen inlet pipeline is communicated with a mass flow control valve, the flow of hydrogen gas is adjusted, the supply amount of hydrogen gas in the hydrogenation process is ensured to meet the set value, and the needs of different application scenarios are met, the hydrogen outlet pipeline is communicated with a pressure regulating valve, the pressure of hydrogen gas in the hydrogen outlet pipeline is adjusted, the pressure of hydrogen gas in the conveying process is ensured to be stable, and the surface of the temperature control zone is sequentially provided with a hydrogen temperature sensor and a hydrogen pressure sensor.

[0020] Preferably, the shell side fluid valve, the temperature control fluid valve, the tube side fluid valve, the pressure regulating valve and the mass flow control valve are all electric valves, the electric valves can be remotely controlled by a computer or a PLC system, automatic operation is realized, the flow, pressure and flow direction of the fluid are accurately controlled, the system changes are quickly responded, the risk of personnel contact is reduced, the safety is improved, the structure is simple, the maintenance is convenient, and the electric valves have a long service life under normal use and maintenance, can be designed to be suitable for various environments, including high temperature, high pressure and corrosive medium.

[0021] Preferably, the separation mechanism is provided as a wire mesh cylinder extending to the temperature control zone, separating the high-temperature metal hydride and the low-temperature metal hydride in physical space while providing a transmission channel for hydrogen between the high-temperature metal hydride and the low-temperature metal hydride, so that when the low-temperature metal hydride is desorbed, the desorbed hydrogen can be directly absorbed by the high-temperature metal hydride through the wire mesh cylinder, improving the absorption efficiency of the high-temperature metal hydride.

[0022] Preferably, the tube-side fluid circulating pump, the shell-side fluid circulating pump and the temperature control fluid circulating pump are all centrifugal pumps, and the head of the shell-side fluid circulating pump and the temperature control fluid circulating pump is greater than the head of the tube-side fluid circulating pump.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial technical effects:

[0024] The present hydrogen storage and supply system adopts an expanded graphite and metal hydride composed porous base composite metal hydride module, and uses the continuous absorption and desorption cycle of the porous base composite metal hydride module to achieve the purpose of continuous hydrogen storage and supply. Through the coupling process of desorption of high-temperature metal hydride, cooling of hydrogen at medium temperature, absorption of low-temperature metal hydride, desorption of low-temperature metal hydride and absorption of high-temperature metal hydride, continuous heat and mass cycle is realized, and efficient hydrogen storage and stable hydrogen supply are simultaneously realized. The thermal economy of coupling with a fuel cell system while realizing continuous heat and mass transfer is improved. The limitation of traditional single-stage metal hydride periodic heat utilization is broken through, the advantages of efficient hydrogen storage and supply are fully utilized, a heat-flow-potential coupling model of continuous absorption and desorption process is established, and the rated hydrogen supply demand of a solid-state hydrogen source system is met. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0025] The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the present application, and constitute a part of the specification, illustrate embodiments of the present application and explain the present application, and do not constitute a limitation of the present application. In the drawings:

[0026] Fig. 1 is a perspective structural schematic view of a hydrogen storage and supply equipment of a metal hydride reactor in the present application;

[0027] Fig. 2 is a perspective structural schematic view of a shell-side fluid unit of a hydrogen storage and supply equipment of a metal hydride reactor in the present application;

[0028] Fig. 3 is a sectional view of a hydrogen storage and supply equipment of a metal hydride reactor in the present application;

[0029] Fig. 4 is a hydrogen storage and supply flow chart of a hydrogen storage and supply equipment of a single-stage metal hydride reactor in the present application;

[0030] Fig. 5 is a flow chart of the adsorption-desorption reaction of the hydrogen storage and supply equipment in the present application;

[0031] Fig. 6 is a flow chart of the coupling of the hydrogen storage and supply equipment of the multi-stage metal hydride reactor in the present application.

[0032] Legend:

[0033] 1, body; 2, adsorption-desorption reaction zone; 201, shell side fluid circulation zone; 202, shell side fluid inlet; 203, shell side fluid pipeline; 204, shell side fluid circulation pump; 205, shell side fluid valve; 4, temperature control zone; 401, temperature control fluid; 402, temperature control fluid inlet; 403, temperature control fluid circulation pump; 404, temperature control fluid pipeline; 405, temperature control fluid valve; 5, tube side fluid pipeline; 501, tube side fluid circulation pump; 502, tube side fluid valve; 6, hydrogen inlet pipeline; 601, mass flow control valve; 7, hydrogen outlet pipeline; 701, pressure regulating valve; 8, low-temperature metal hydride; 9, high-temperature metal hydride; 10, wire mesh cylinder; 11, hydrogen guide pipe; 13, hydrogen temperature sensor; 14, hydrogen pressure sensor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0035] The embodiment 1 is a hydrogen storage and supply system of a double-temperature composite metal hydride reactor, which comprises a metal hydride storage and supply unit, a temperature control unit and hydrogen inlets and outlets. The metal hydride storage and supply unit stores and supplies hydrogen through continuous adsorption and desorption of the metal hydride. The metal hydride storage and supply unit is composed of a high-temperature metal hydride 9 and a low-temperature metal hydride 8. The high-temperature metal hydride is heated to the desorption temperature through a tube fluid unit to complete desorption. The low-temperature metal hydride is heated to the desorption temperature through a shell fluid unit to complete desorption. The desorption temperature and the adsorption temperature of the high-temperature metal hydride 9 are both greater than the desorption temperature of the low-temperature metal hydride 8. The fluid temperature in the tube fluid unit is greater than the fluid temperature in the shell fluid unit. The fluid temperature in the shell fluid unit is greater than the fluid temperature in the temperature control unit. The three fluid temperatures are synchronized and independently realize complete circulation. The tube fluid temperature corresponds to the desorption temperature of the high-temperature metal hydride. The shell fluid temperature corresponds to the desorption temperature of the low-temperature metal hydride. In the temperature control unit, the temperature control fluid is used to cool the hydrogen desorbed from the high-temperature metal hydride. The temperature control fluid temperature is between the above two temperature values to form an effective temperature gradient and a pressure driving potential.

[0036] In the single-stage metal hydride reactor, when the tube fluid unit is opened and the shell fluid unit is closed, the tube fluid unit continuously heats the high-temperature metal hydride. When the temperature of the high-temperature metal hydride rises to its desorption temperature, hydrogen atoms are released from its surface to form hydrogen molecules. The hydrogen inlet is closed and the hydrogen outlet is opened to supply hydrogen. When hydrogen is stored, the temperature control unit is opened to cool the high-temperature hydrogen in the temperature control area 4. When the hydrogen is cooled to the adsorption temperature of the low-temperature metal hydride, it is adsorbed by the low-temperature metal hydride 8 to realize hydrogen supply and storage at the same time.

[0037] When the shell fluid unit is opened and the tube fluid unit is closed, the shell fluid unit continuously heats the low-temperature metal hydride. When the temperature of the low-temperature metal hydride rises to its desorption temperature, hydrogen atoms are released from its surface to form hydrogen molecules to supply hydrogen to the high-temperature metal hydride and also to supply hydrogen externally.

[0038] Specifically, the multi-stage metal hydride reactors are connected to form a hydrogen storage and supply system, the hydrogen inlet and the hydrogen outlet of adjacent two-stage metal hydride reactors are connected to each other, through the coupling process of desorption of high-temperature metal hydride, cooling of hydrogen at medium temperature, and absorption of low-temperature metal hydride, desorption of low-temperature metal hydride, and absorption of high-temperature metal hydride, continuous heat and mass circulation is realized, the limitation of traditional single-stage metal hydride periodic heat utilization is broken, a heat-flow-potential coupling model of continuous absorption and desorption process is established, and the rated hydrogen supply demand of the solid-state hydrogen source system is met; in the multi-stage metal hydride reactor, the hydrogen inlet and the hydrogen outlet of adjacent single-stage metal hydride reactors are coupled, the hydrogen inlet of the upper-stage metal hydride reactor is connected to the hydrogen outlet of the lower-stage reactor, when the multi-stage metal hydride reactor supplies hydrogen, the tube-side fluid unit is opened and the shell-side fluid unit is closed, the tube-side fluid unit continuously heats the high-temperature metal hydride, when the temperature of the high-temperature metal hydride rises to the desorption temperature, hydrogen atoms are released from the surface to form hydrogen molecules, the hydrogen inlet and the hydrogen outlet of the adjacent metal hydride reactors form a hydrogen supply channel, the temperature control unit is opened to control the temperature of the high-temperature hydrogen, and the hydrogen after temperature control flows into the lower-stage metal hydride reactor in turn, and the hydrogen is supplied through the hydrogen outlet of the last-stage metal hydride reactor.

[0039] When the multi-stage metal hydride reactor stores hydrogen, the last-stage hydrogen outlet is closed, the hydrogen after temperature control is absorbed by the low-temperature metal hydride of each-stage metal hydride reactor, after the absorption is completed, the shell-side fluid unit is opened and the tube-side fluid unit is closed, the shell-side fluid unit continuously heats the low-temperature metal hydride, when the temperature of the low-temperature metal hydride rises to the desorption temperature, hydrogen atoms are released from the surface to form hydrogen molecules, and the high-temperature metal hydride is supplied with hydrogen.

[0040] The application discloses a hydrogen storage and supply device of a double-temperature type composite metal hydride reactor, which is composed of expanded graphite and metal hydride to form a porous base composite metal hydride module, and the purpose of hydrogen storage and supply is achieved by continuous adsorption and desorption cycles of the porous base composite metal hydride module. The metal hydride reactor comprises a body, one end of the body is provided with an adsorption and desorption reaction zone for the adsorption and desorption of the metal hydride porous base composite metal hydride module, and the other end of the body is provided with a temperature control zone. Inside the adsorption and desorption reaction zone, high-temperature metal hydride and low-temperature metal hydride are sequentially arranged from inside to outside. The high-temperature metal hydride and the low-temperature metal hydride are both internally provided with hydrogen gas guide pipes penetrating through the high-temperature metal hydride and the low-temperature metal hydride, and the hydrogen gas guide pipes are provided with gas guide holes on the circumferential surface. During adsorption, hydrogen gas contacts the metal hydride through the gas guide holes. The high-temperature metal hydride and the low-temperature metal hydride are separated by a separation mechanism. The separation mechanism is a wire mesh cylinder, which extends to the temperature control zone, separates the high-temperature metal hydride and the low-temperature metal hydride in the physical space, and provides a hydrogen gas transmission channel between the high-temperature metal hydride and the low-temperature metal hydride. When the low-temperature metal hydride is desorbed, the desorbed hydrogen gas can be directly adsorbed by the high-temperature metal hydride through the wire mesh cylinder, thereby improving the adsorption efficiency of the high-temperature metal hydride.

[0041] A pipe flow fluid pipe is arranged in the middle of the high-temperature metal hydride, and the pipe flow fluid pipe is internally provided with pipe flow fluid. The temperature of the pipe flow fluid corresponds to the desorption temperature of the high-temperature metal hydride. The pipe flow fluid is driven by a pipe flow fluid circulating pump. The output end of the pipe flow fluid circulating pump is connected with the input end of the pipe flow fluid pipe. The pipe flow fluid pipe is connected with a pipe flow fluid valve. The pipe flow fluid valve and the pipe flow fluid circulating pump are opened to continuously heat the high-temperature metal hydride. When the temperature of the high-temperature metal hydride rises to the desorption temperature range, hydrogen atoms are released from the surface of the high-temperature metal hydride to form hydrogen molecules, thereby achieving the purpose of hydrogen supply.

[0042] A shell flow fluid circulation zone is arranged between the low-temperature metal hydride and the adsorption and desorption reaction zone. The shell flow fluid circulation zone is internally connected with a shell flow fluid pipe. The shell flow fluid pipe is internally provided with shell flow fluid. The shell flow fluid is driven by a shell flow fluid circulating pump. The output end of the shell flow fluid circulating pump is connected with the input end of the shell flow fluid pipe. The shell flow fluid pipe is connected with a shell flow fluid valve. The shell flow fluid valve and the shell flow fluid circulating pump are opened to continuously heat the low-temperature metal hydride. When the temperature of the low-temperature metal hydride rises to the desorption temperature range, hydrogen atoms are released from the surface of the low-temperature metal hydride to form hydrogen molecules, thereby achieving the purpose of hydrogen supply and simultaneously providing hydrogen adsorption for the high-temperature metal hydride to achieve the purpose of hydrogen storage.

[0043] The temperature control zone is provided with inner and outer layers, the inner layer of the temperature control zone 4 is communicated with the adsorption and desorption reaction zone 2, the outer layer of the temperature control zone is provided with a temperature control fluid, and the outer layer of the temperature control zone is communicated with a temperature control fluid pipeline, the temperature control fluid is driven by a temperature control fluid circulating pump, and the output end of the temperature control fluid circulating pump is communicated with the input end of the temperature control fluid pipeline, and the surface of the temperature control fluid pipeline is communicated with a temperature control fluid valve.

[0044] The hydrogen inlet pipeline is communicated with a mass flow control valve for adjusting the flow of hydrogen to ensure that the supply amount of hydrogen meets the set value during the hydrogenation process and meets the needs of different application scenarios, and the hydrogen outlet pipeline is communicated with a pressure regulating valve for adjusting the hydrogen pressure in the hydrogen outlet pipeline to ensure the stability of the hydrogen pressure during the transportation process.

[0045] Specifically, the shell fluid valve, the temperature control fluid valve, the tube fluid valve, the pressure regulating valve and the mass flow control valve all adopt electric valves, which can be remotely controlled by a computer or a PLC system to realize automatic operation, accurately control the flow, pressure and flow direction of the fluid, quickly respond to system changes, reduce the risk of personnel contact, improve safety, have a simple structure, are convenient to maintain, have a long service life under normal use and maintenance, and can be designed to be suitable for various environments, including high temperature, high pressure and corrosive media.

[0046] Specifically, the tube fluid circulating pump, the shell fluid circulating pump and the temperature control fluid circulating pump all adopt centrifugal pumps, and the head of the shell fluid circulating pump and the temperature control fluid circulating pump is greater than the head of the tube fluid circulating pump.

[0047] Embodiment 2: Please refer to Figs. 1-4 , the embodiment provides the following technical solutions: as shown in Figs. 1-4 , selecting a high-temperature metal hydride as , the desorption temperature is 150-200 degrees Celsius, the tube fluid is selected as high-temperature oil, the temperature is controlled at 150-200 degrees Celsius, and is selected as a low-temperature metal hydride, the shell fluid is selected as high-temperature oil, and the temperature is controlled at 100-150 degrees Celsius, The desorption temperature is between 40-100 degrees Celsius. Cooling water is used as the temperature control fluid, and the temperature is controlled between 50-100 degrees Celsius. In the hydrogen storage and supply equipment of the single-stage metal hydride reactor, the tube-side fluid valve 502 and the tube-side fluid circulation pump 501 are opened during hydrogen supply to continuously circulate the high-temperature oil. Heat up, when When the temperature rises to 150-200 degrees Celsius, hydrogen atoms are released from their surface to form hydrogen molecules. The hydrogen inlet is closed and the pressure regulating valve 701 at the hydrogen outlet is opened to supply hydrogen through the hydrogen outlet.

[0048] During hydrogen storage, the temperature-controlled fluid valve 405 and the temperature-controlled fluid circulation pump 403 are opened to continuously cool the high-temperature hydrogen in the temperature-controlled zone 4 with cooling water. When the hydrogen is cooled to... At the adsorption temperature, it is adsorbed by low-temperature metal hydride 8; when needed for During hydrogen supply, open the shell-side fluid valve 205 and the shell-side fluid circulation pump 204 to continuously supply shell-side fluid. Heat up, when When the temperature rises to 100-150 degrees Celsius, hydrogen atoms are released from its surface to form hydrogen molecules, which are... It provides hydrogen adsorption to achieve the purpose of hydrogen storage, and can also supply hydrogen to external users.

[0049] Example 3:

[0050] Please see Figs. 4-6 This embodiment provides the following technical solution: A multi-stage metal hydride reactor is interconnected to form a hydrogen storage and supply system. The hydrogen inlet and outlet of adjacent metal hydride reactors are interconnected. The hydrogen inlet of the previous stage hydrogen storage and supply system is connected to the hydrogen outlet of the next stage hydrogen storage and supply system. During hydrogen supply, the tubular fluid valve 502 and the tubular fluid circulation pump 501 are opened. The desorbed hydrogen enters the next stage, and the temperature control fluid valve 405 and the temperature control fluid circulation pump 403 are opened, so that the cooling water continuously cools the high temperature hydrogen in the temperature control zone 4, and the hydrogen is supplied from the hydrogen outlet of the final metal hydride reactor.

[0051] During hydrogen storage, the final hydrogen outlet is closed, and the temperature-controlled hydrogen is then passed through the various stages of the metal hydride reactor. After adsorption is complete, open the shell-side fluid valve 205 and the shell-side fluid circulation pump 204 in each stage to allow the shell-side fluid to continuously circulate. Heat up, when When the temperature rises to 100-150 degrees Celsius, hydrogen atoms are released from its surface to form hydrogen molecules, which are... Provides hydrogen adsorption, through Cooling of hydrogen under cooling water and Adsorption, The desorption is coupled with the adsorption of The continuous heat and mass cycle is realized, the thermal economy of coupling with the system such as fuel cell is improved while realizing the continuous heat and mass transfer, the limitation of traditional single-stage metal hydride periodic heat utilization is broken through, the advantage of high efficient hydrogen storage and supply is fully played, the heat-flow-potential coupling model of continuous adsorption and desorption process is established, and the rated hydrogen supply demand of solid-state hydrogen source system is realized.

[0052] Finally, it should be noted that: the above only for the preferred embodiments of the present application, and not for limiting the present application, although the foregoing embodiments of the present application are described in detail, for those skilled in the art, it still can be modified, or equivalent replacement of part of the technical features of the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. within the spirit and principles of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A hydrogen storage and supply system for a dual-temperature composite metal hydride reactor, characterized in that: The hydrogen storage and supply system includes a metal hydride hydrogen storage and supply unit, a temperature control unit, and hydrogen inlet and outlet. The metal hydride hydrogen storage and supply unit stores and supplies hydrogen through continuous adsorption and desorption of metal hydrides. The metal hydride hydrogen storage and supply unit is composed of a high-temperature metal hydride (9) and a low-temperature metal hydride (8). The high-temperature metal hydride is desorbed by raising the temperature through the tube-side fluid unit to reach the desorption temperature. The low-temperature metal hydride is desorbed by raising the temperature through the shell-side fluid unit to reach the desorption temperature. In a single-stage metal hydride reactor, when the tube-side fluid unit is opened and the shell-side fluid unit is closed, the tube-side fluid unit continuously heats the high-temperature metal hydride. When the temperature of the high-temperature metal hydride rises to its desorption temperature, hydrogen atoms are released from its surface to form hydrogen molecules. The hydrogen inlet is closed and the hydrogen outlet is opened, and hydrogen is supplied through the hydrogen outlet. When storing hydrogen, the temperature control unit is opened to cool the high-temperature hydrogen in the temperature control zone (4). When the hydrogen is cooled to the adsorption temperature of the low-temperature metal hydride, it is adsorbed by the low-temperature metal hydride (8), thus achieving hydrogen supply and hydrogen storage at the same time. When the shell-side fluid unit is open and the tube-side fluid unit is closed, the shell-side fluid unit continuously heats the low-temperature metal hydride. When the temperature of the low-temperature metal hydride rises to its desorption temperature, hydrogen atoms are released from its surface to form hydrogen molecules, which supply hydrogen to the high-temperature metal hydride. In a multi-stage metal hydride reactor, the hydrogen inlet and outlet of adjacent single-stage metal hydride reactors are coupled together. The hydrogen inlet of the previous stage metal hydride reactor is connected to the hydrogen outlet of the next stage reactor. When the multi-stage metal hydride reactor is supplied with hydrogen, the tube-side fluid unit is opened and the shell-side fluid unit is closed. The tube-side fluid unit continuously heats the high-temperature metal hydride. When the temperature of the high-temperature metal hydride rises to its desorption temperature, hydrogen atoms are released from its surface to form hydrogen molecules. The hydrogen inlet and outlet of adjacent metal hydride reactors form a hydrogen supply channel. The temperature control unit is opened to control the temperature of the high-temperature hydrogen. The temperature-controlled hydrogen flows into the next stage metal hydride reactor in sequence, and is supplied with hydrogen from the hydrogen outlet of the last metal hydride reactor. When storing hydrogen in a multi-stage metal hydride reactor, the final hydrogen outlet is closed. The temperature-controlled hydrogen is adsorbed by the low-temperature metal hydrides in each stage of the metal hydride reactor. After adsorption is complete, the shell-side fluid unit is opened and the tube-side fluid unit is closed. The shell-side fluid unit continuously heats the low-temperature metal hydrides. When the temperature of the low-temperature metal hydrides rises to their desorption temperature, hydrogen atoms are released from their surface to form hydrogen molecules, which supply hydrogen to the high-temperature metal hydrides. The hydrogen storage and supply equipment uses a porous composite metal hydride module composed of expanded graphite and metal hydride. The continuous adsorption-desorption cycle of the porous composite metal hydride module achieves the purpose of hydrogen storage and supply. The metal hydride reactor includes a body (1), one end of which is designated as an adsorption-desorption reaction zone (2), and the other end as a temperature control zone (4). The adsorption-desorption reaction zone (2) contains, from the inside out, a high-temperature metal hydride (9) and a low-temperature metal hydride (8), with a separation mechanism between them. This separation mechanism physically separates the high-temperature metal hydride (9) and the low-temperature metal hydride (8). A tube-side fluid pipe (5) runs through the middle of the high-temperature metal hydride (9), and the tube-side fluid pipe (5) contains a tube. The high-temperature metal hydride (9) and the low-temperature metal hydride (8) are both connected by a hydrogen conduit (11). The hydrogen conduit (11) has a gas guide hole array on its circumference. The low-temperature metal hydride (8) and the adsorption-desorption reaction zone (2) are connected by a shell fluid circulation zone (201). The shell fluid circulation zone (201) is connected by a shell fluid pipe (203). The shell fluid pipe (203) is filled with shell fluid. The temperature control zone (4) is divided into inner and outer layers. The inner layer of the temperature control zone (4) is connected to the adsorption-desorption reaction zone (2). The outer layer of the temperature control zone (4) is filled with a temperature control fluid (401). The outer layer of the temperature control zone (4) is connected to a temperature control fluid pipe (404). The two ends of the middle part of the body (1) are connected to a hydrogen inlet pipe (6) and a hydrogen outlet pipe (7).

2. The hydrogen storage and supply system for the metal hydride reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The desorption and adsorption temperatures of the high-temperature metal hydride (9) are both greater than those of the low-temperature metal hydride (8).

3. The hydrogen storage and supply system for the metal hydride reactor according to claim 2, characterized in that: The desorption temperature of the high-temperature metal hydride (9) corresponds to the fluid temperature of the tube-side fluid unit, and the desorption temperature of the low-temperature metal hydride (8) corresponds to the fluid temperature of the shell-side fluid unit. The fluid temperature in the tube-side fluid unit is greater than the fluid temperature in the shell-side fluid unit, and the fluid temperature in the shell-side fluid unit is greater than the fluid temperature in the temperature control unit.

4. The hydrogen storage and supply system for the metal hydride reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multi-stage metal hydride reactors are interconnected to form a hydrogen storage and supply system, and the hydrogen inlet and outlet of two adjacent metal hydride reactors are interconnected.

5. The hydrogen storage and supply system for the metal hydride reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tube-side fluid is driven by a tube-side fluid circulation pump (501), the output of which is connected to the input of a tube-side fluid pipe (5). A tube-side fluid valve (502) is connected to the surface of the tube-side fluid pipe (5). The shell-side fluid is driven by a shell-side fluid circulation pump (204), the output of which is connected to the input of a shell-side fluid pipe (203). A shell-side fluid valve (205) is connected to the surface of the shell-side fluid pipe (203). The temperature-controlled fluid... The body (401) is driven by a temperature-controlled fluid circulation pump (403), and the output end of the temperature-controlled fluid circulation pump (403) is connected to the input end of the temperature-controlled fluid pipeline (404). A temperature-controlled fluid valve (405) is connected to the surface of the temperature-controlled fluid pipeline (404). A mass flow control valve (601) is connected to the hydrogen inlet pipeline (6). A pressure regulating valve (701) is connected to the hydrogen outlet pipeline (7). A hydrogen temperature sensor (13) and a hydrogen pressure sensor (14) are sequentially provided on the surface of the temperature control zone (4).

6. The hydrogen storage and supply system for the metal hydride reactor according to claim 5, characterized in that: The shell-side fluid valve (205), temperature-controlled fluid valve (405), tube-side fluid valve (502), pressure regulating valve (701), and mass flow control valve (601) are all electric valves.

7. The hydrogen storage and supply system for the metal hydride reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The separating mechanism is a wire mesh cylinder (10) that extends to the temperature control zone (4).

8. The hydrogen storage and supply system for the metal hydride reactor according to claim 5, characterized in that: The tubular fluid circulation pump (501), the shell-side fluid circulation pump (204), and the temperature-controlled fluid circulation pump (403) are all centrifugal pumps, and the head of the shell-side fluid circulation pump (204) and the temperature-controlled fluid circulation pump (403) are both greater than the head of the tubular fluid circulation pump (501).

9. The hydrogen storage and supply system for the metal hydride reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multi-stage metal hydride reactors are interconnected to form a hydrogen storage and supply device, and the hydrogen inlet pipe (6) and hydrogen outlet pipe (7) of two adjacent metal hydride reactors are interconnected.

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