Zero-carbon four-season greenhouse out-of-season morchella esculenta planting temperature regulation and control method

Abstract

The invention provides a zero-carbon four-season greenhouse out-of-season morchella esculenta planting temperature regulation and control method, and relates to the field of morchella esculenta planting. The zero-carbon four-season greenhouse out-of-season morchella esculenta planting temperature regulation and control method comprises the following steps that the side wall of a planting greenhouse is covered with a photovoltaic energy plate, a superconductive energy plate is arranged at the rear end of the photovoltaic energy plate, in spring, summer and autumn, the superconductive energy plate absorbs solar energy and converts the solar energy into heat energy, in winter, the stored heat energy is extracted, and the temperature of the morchella esculenta is regulated and controlled. Cooling capacity is obtained by heating and annual hot water in winter and at night according to the space radiation refrigeration principle, and the cooling capacity is collected and stored for building refrigeration in summer. Through the application of the photovoltaic energy panel, the influence on the environment is reduced, the concept of sustainable development is met, the healthy growth of morchella mycelium and sporocarp is facilitated and the yield and quality are improved by utilizing accurate temperature control, and the normal development of morchella sporocarp is facilitated and the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests is reduced by utilizing efficient humidity management.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of Morchella cultivation, and specifically to a temperature control method for cultivating Morchella in an off-season in a zero-carbon four-season greenhouse. Background Art

[0002] Morchella is a rare edible mushroom and is highly favored by the market for its unique taste and rich nutritional value. The growth of Morchella has relatively high requirements for environmental conditions, especially in terms of temperature, humidity, light, and ventilation.

[0003] Although the prior art cultivates Morchella according to the change of seasons, the cultivation of Morchella mainly depends on natural climate conditions, and the planting season is usually concentrated in winter, resulting in a decrease in the yield of Morchella and a reduction in production income. Therefore, those skilled in the art have provided a temperature control method for cultivating Morchella in an off-season in a zero-carbon four-season greenhouse to solve the problems raised in the above background art. Summary of the Invention

[0004] (1) Technical Problems to be Solved

[0005] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a temperature control method for cultivating Morchella in an off-season in a zero-carbon four-season greenhouse, which solves the problem of precise temperature control of the growth environment of Morchella.

[0006] (2) Technical Solutions

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is realized through the following technical solutions: A temperature control method for cultivating Morchella in an off-season in a zero-carbon four-season greenhouse, comprising the following steps:

[0008] S1.1: First, cover the side wall of the planting greenhouse with a photovoltaic energy panel, and set a superconducting energy panel at the rear end of the photovoltaic energy panel to collect excess heat, reduce the temperature of the solar cell module, improve the power generation efficiency, extend the system life, reduce the power generation cost, and collect, store, and utilize the excess heat. In spring, summer, and autumn, the superconducting energy panel absorbs solar energy and converts it into heat energy, which is stored through a cross-seasonal energy storage system. When winter comes, the stored heat energy is extracted for heating and hot water supply throughout the year. In winter and at night, cold energy is obtained using the principle of space radiation refrigeration, collected and stored, and then used for building refrigeration in summer;

[0009] S1.2: Install a ground cooling system inside the greenhouse. Select PEX pipes as energy-efficient ground cooling pipes, lay the ground cooling pipes under the greenhouse floor at a spacing of about 20 - 30 cm, connect the ground cooling pipes to the photovoltaic energy panel, set the target temperature through a temperature sensor and a controller, and start the system. Use cold water circulation to lower the soil and air temperature, and use the natural energy intelligent system to regulate the environment;

[0010] S1.3. Determine the specifications of the natural energy intelligent energy system according to the heating and cooling load requirements of the greenhouse, connect the water source and power supply, set the target humidity and temperature, perform air cooling and humidification, and install a sunshade net at the bottom of the greenhouse to ensure that the sunshade net can cover the entire top of the greenhouse. Adjust the shading rate of the sunshade net according to the light intensity and temperature;

[0011] S1.4. Install a fan in the greenhouse to ensure effective ventilation. Connect the fan to the temperature control system, set the ventilation time and frequency, start the fan for forced ventilation, and select adjustable ventilation openings and install them to ensure effective ventilation. Adjust the size of the ventilation openings according to the temperature, humidity and air quality;

[0012] S2.1. During the Morchella esculenta sowing period, start the photovoltaic energy panel and the temperature control system. Set the target temperature that the soil temperature at 40 cm is 15 °C, the ambient temperature is 18 °C, the soil water content is 65%, and the carbon dioxide concentration is below 600 PPM. Adjust the shading rate of the sunshade net according to the light intensity to ensure that the light is always 100 - 500 LX of weak scattered light. Use a temperature sensor to monitor the greenhouse temperature in real time. According to the monitoring data, finely adjust the water temperature of the ground cooling system or the set temperature of the air conditioner;

[0013] S2.2. During the Morchella esculenta spawn-running period, set the target temperature that the soil temperature at 40 cm is 3 to 8 °C, the ambient temperature is 10 °C, the soil water content is 65%, and the carbon dioxide concentration is below 600 PPM. Adjust the size of the ventilation openings according to the temperature and humidity to ensure air circulation. Use a temperature and humidity sensor to monitor the temperature and humidity in the greenhouse in real time;

[0014] S2.3. During the Morchella esculenta fruiting period, set the target temperature that the soil temperature at 40 cm is 6 to 10 °C. Flexibly adjust the operating state of the ground cooling system according to the temperature change. In hot weather, use the cold energy stored in the natural energy intelligent system to lower the greenhouse temperature. The ambient temperature is 12 °C, the soil water content is 65%, the air humidity is 92% - 94%, the carbon dioxide concentration is 400 - 500 PPM, the ventilation for air change is level 1 wind, and the sunshade net density is 95%. Increase the shading rate of the sunshade net to prevent the temperature from being too high. Use a temperature and humidity sensor to monitor the temperature and humidity in the room in real time. According to the monitoring data, finely adjust the operating state of each device;

[0015] S3. During the fruiting stage, set the target temperature so that the soil temperature at a depth of 40 cm is uniformly 8 to 13 °C, the ambient temperature is 15 °C, the soil water content is 65%, the air humidity is 92% - 94%, the light is weak scattered light of 500 - 600 LX, the carbon dioxide concentration is 400 - 500 PPM, the ventilation is level 1 wind, and the shading net density is 95%. Precise control can be achieved through an atomizer. When the temperature is high, appropriately increase the humidity to prevent the fruiting body from dehydrating. When the temperature is low, appropriately reduce the humidity to prevent mold growth;

[0016] S4.1. The fruiting body of Morchella needs moderate scattered light, and the illuminance should be maintained between 400 and 500 lux, which can be achieved by adjusting the density of the shading net or using artificial light sources. Provide 10 to 12 hours of light per day to promote the growth of the fruiting body:

[0017] S4.2. Ensure that the ventilation system in the greenhouse operates well, making the indoor air fresh and with a high oxygen content. Control the indoor carbon dioxide through regular ventilation and air purification equipment to ensure that the content of carbon dioxide in the air does not exceed 0.1%. During the fruiting stage, conduct short-term ventilation 2 to 3 times a day, each time for 2 to 3 minutes, to keep the air fresh, and increase the ventilation frequency and duration in hot weather.

[0018] Preferably, in step S1.1, regularly check the condition of the thermal insulation material to prevent damage and aging. In step S1.2, regularly check whether the pipeline has leaks or blockages to ensure the normal operation of the system, ensure air circulation and equipment efficiency.

[0019] Preferably, in step S4.2, to ensure that the carbon dioxide concentration is within a safe range, it is necessary to determine the size and operating time of the fan. Therefore, to maintain the air quality in the greenhouse, it is necessary to calculate the required ventilation volume, and the following formula is needed:

[0020]

[0021] Among them, V is the required ventilation volume, Q is the carbon dioxide generation amount, C is the carbon dioxide concentration, and ΔC is the difference between the target concentration and the current concentration.

[0022] Preferably, in step S1.3, to ensure that the humidity is controlled within the target range, it is necessary to determine the capacity and operating time of the natural energy intelligent system. Therefore, to control the humidity in the greenhouse, it is necessary to calculate the required evaporation amount, and the following formula is needed:

[0023] E = ρ × V × (W 2 -W 1 )

[0024] Among them, E is the evaporation amount, ρ is the air density, V is the ventilation volume, W 2is the target humidity, W 1 is the current humidity.

[0025] (III) Beneficial effects

[0026] The present invention provides a temperature control method for cultivating Morchella esculenta out of season in a zero-carbon four-season greenhouse. It has the following beneficial effects:

[0027] 1. Through the application of photovoltaic energy panels, the dependence on traditional energy can be significantly reduced, achieving zero carbon emissions in the greenhouse. The utilization of solar energy not only reduces the operating cost but also decreases the impact on the environment, conforming to the concept of sustainable development.

[0028] 2. By using precise temperature control and the coordinated operation of the natural energy intelligent system and the thermostat, the temperature in the greenhouse can be accurately controlled within the optimal range required for the growth of Morchella esculenta, avoiding the adverse effects of temperature fluctuations on the growth of Morchella esculenta and meeting the temperature requirements of Morchella esculenta at different growth stages, which helps the healthy growth of the mycelium and fruiting body of Morchella esculenta and improves the yield and quality.

[0029] 3. By using efficient humidity management, the humidity can be controlled within the optimal range required for the growth of Morchella esculenta through the atomized water sprayed by the fog machine, avoiding the adverse effects of too high or too low humidity on the growth of Morchella esculenta. At the same time, through the real-time monitoring and linkage control of the temperature and humidity sensor, the synchronous adjustment of temperature and humidity can be achieved, ensuring the stability of the growth environment of Morchella esculenta, helping the normal development of the fruiting body of Morchella esculenta, and reducing the occurrence of pests and diseases. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0031] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0032] Embodiment 1:

[0033] As Figure 1 shown, the embodiment of the present invention provides a temperature control method for cultivating Morchella esculenta out of season in a zero-carbon four-season greenhouse, including the following steps:

[0034] S1.1. First, cover the side walls of the planted greenhouse with photovoltaic energy panels. Install a superconducting energy panel at the rear end of the photovoltaic energy panel to collect excess heat, reduce the temperature of the solar cell array, improve power generation efficiency, extend the system life, reduce power generation costs, and collect, store, and utilize the excess heat. In spring, summer, and autumn, the superconducting energy panel absorbs solar energy and converts it into heat energy, which is stored through a cross-seasonal energy storage system. In winter, the stored heat energy is extracted for heating and providing hot water throughout the year. Cold energy is obtained using the principle of space radiation cooling in winter and at night, collected and stored, and then used for building cooling in summer;

[0035] S1.2. Install a ground cooling system inside the greenhouse. Select PEX pipes as the energy-efficient ground cooling pipes and lay the ground cooling pipes under the greenhouse floor at an interval of about 20 - 30 cm. Connect the ground cooling pipes to the photovoltaic energy panel. Set the target temperature and start the system through a temperature sensor and a controller. Use cold water circulation to cool the soil and air, and use a natural energy intelligent system to regulate the environment;

[0036] S1.3. Determine the specifications of the natural energy intelligent energy system according to the heating and cooling load requirements of the greenhouse. Connect the water source and power supply, set the target humidity and temperature, perform air cooling and humidification. At the same time, install a sunshade net at the bottom of the greenhouse to ensure that the sunshade net can cover the entire top of the greenhouse. Adjust the shading rate of the sunshade net according to the light intensity and temperature;

[0037] S1.4. Install a fan in the greenhouse to ensure effective ventilation. Connect the fan to the temperature control system, set the ventilation time and frequency, start the fan for forced ventilation. At the same time, select adjustable ventilation openings, install the ventilation openings to ensure effective ventilation, and adjust the size of the ventilation openings according to the temperature, humidity, and air quality;

[0038] S2.1. During the Morchella esculenta sowing period, start the photovoltaic energy panel and the temperature control system. Set the target temperature: the soil temperature at 40 cm is 15 °C, the ambient temperature is 18 °C, the soil moisture content is 65%, and the carbon dioxide concentration is below 600 PPM. Adjust the shading rate of the sunshade net according to the light intensity to ensure that the light is always 100 - 500 LX of weak scattered light. Use a temperature sensor to monitor the greenhouse temperature in real time, and fine-tune the water temperature of the ground cooling system or the set temperature of the air conditioner according to the monitoring data;

[0039] S2.2. During the Morchella esculenta spawn-running period, set the target temperature: the soil temperature at 40 cm is 3 - 8 °C, the ambient temperature is 10 °C, the soil moisture content is 65%, and the carbon dioxide concentration is below 600 PPM. Adjust the size of the ventilation openings according to the temperature and humidity to ensure air circulation. Use a temperature and humidity sensor to monitor the temperature and humidity in the greenhouse in real time;

[0040] S2.3. During the fruiting stage of Morchella esculenta, set the target temperature of the soil at 40 cm depth to be 6 to 10 °C. According to the temperature changes, flexibly adjust the operating state of the ground cooling system. In hot weather, utilize the cold energy stored in the natural energy intelligent system to lower the temperature of the greenhouse. The ambient temperature is 12 °C, the soil water content is 65%, the air humidity is 92% - 94%, the carbon dioxide concentration is 400 - 500 PPM, the ventilation is at level 1 wind, the shading net density is 95%. Increase the shading rate of the shading net to prevent the temperature from being too high. Use temperature and humidity sensors to monitor the temperature and humidity in the room in real-time. According to the monitoring data, finely adjust the operating state of each device;

[0041] S3. During the fruiting stage, set the target temperature of the soil at 40 cm depth to be 8 to 13 °C, the ambient temperature is 15 °C, the soil water content is 65%, the air humidity is 92% - 94%, the light is weak scattered light of 500 - 600 LX, the carbon dioxide concentration is 400 - 500 PPM, the ventilation is at level 1 wind, the shading net density is 95%. It can be precisely controlled through an atomizer. When the temperature is relatively high, appropriately increase the humidity to prevent the fruiting body from dehydrating. When the temperature is relatively low, appropriately reduce the humidity to prevent mold growth;

[0042] S4.1. The growth of Morchella esculenta fruiting bodies requires moderate scattered light, and the illuminance should be maintained between 400 and 500 lux. This can be achieved by adjusting the density of the shading net or using artificial light sources. Provide 10 to 12 hours of light per day to promote the growth of the fruiting body:

[0043] S4.2. Ensure that the ventilation system in the greenhouse operates well, making the indoor air fresh and with a high oxygen content. Control the indoor carbon dioxide through regular ventilation and air purification equipment to ensure that the carbon dioxide content in the air does not exceed 0.1%. During the fruiting stage, conduct short-term ventilation 2 to 3 times a day, each time for 2 to 3 minutes, to keep the air fresh. And in hot weather, increase the ventilation frequency and duration.

[0044] In the step S1.1, regularly check the status of the thermal insulation material to prevent damage and aging. In the step S1.2, regularly check whether the pipeline has leaks or blockages to ensure the normal operation of the system, ensure air circulation and equipment efficiency.

[0045] In the step S4.2, to ensure that the carbon dioxide concentration is within a safe range, it is necessary to determine the size and operating time of the fan. Therefore, in order to maintain the air quality in the greenhouse, it is necessary to calculate the required ventilation volume, and the following formula is needed:

[0046]

[0047] Among them, V is the required ventilation volume, Q is the carbon dioxide generation amount, C is the carbon dioxide concentration, and ΔC is the difference between the target concentration and the current concentration.

[0048] In step S1.3, to ensure that the humidity is controlled within the target range, it is necessary to determine the capacity and operating time of the natural energy intelligent system. Therefore, in order to control the humidity in the greenhouse, the required evaporation amount needs to be calculated, and the following formula is used:

[0049] E = ρ × V × (W 2 - W 1 )

[0050] where E is the evaporation amount, ρ is the air density, V is the ventilation volume, W 2 is the target humidity, and W 1 is the current humidity.

[0051] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, for those of ordinary skill in the art, it can be understood that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A zero-carbon four-season greenhouse off-season morel cultivation temperature control method, characterized by: The following steps are involved: S1.

1. First, photovoltaic energy panels are covered on the side walls of the greenhouse for planting. Superconducting energy panels are set at the rear end of the photovoltaic energy panels to collect excess heat, reduce the temperature of the solar cell group, improve power generation efficiency, extend system life, reduce power generation costs, and collect and store excess heat for use. In spring, summer and autumn, the superconducting energy panels absorb solar energy and convert it into thermal energy, which is stored through the cross-seasonal energy storage system. In winter, the stored thermal energy is extracted for heating and hot water throughout the year. In winter and at night, the principle of space radiation cooling is used to obtain cold energy, which is collected and stored for summer building cooling. S1.

2. Install a floor cooling system inside the greenhouse. Choose PEX pipes as efficient and energy-saving floor cooling pipes. Lay floor cooling pipes under the greenhouse floor with a spacing of about 20-30 cm. Connect the floor cooling pipes to the photovoltaic energy panels. Set the target temperature and start the system through temperature sensors and controllers. Use cold water circulation to cool the soil and air, and use the natural energy smart system to regulate the environment. S1.

3. According to the greenhouse's cooling and heating load requirements, determine the specifications of the natural energy smart energy system, connect the water source and power supply, set the target humidity and temperature, perform air cooling and humidification, and install a sunshade net at the bottom of the greenhouse to ensure that the sunshade net can cover the entire top of the greenhouse. Adjust the sunshade rate of the sunshade net according to the light intensity and temperature; S1.

4. Install fans in the greenhouse to ensure effective ventilation, connect the fans to the temperature control system, set the ventilation time and frequency, start the fans for forced ventilation, and select adjustable vents, install the vents to ensure effective ventilation, and adjust the size of the vents according to the temperature, humidity and air quality; S2.

1. During the sowing period of morels, start the photovoltaic energy panel and the temperature control system, set the target temperature to 15 degrees Celsius at 40 cm soil temperature, 18 degrees Celsius ambient temperature, 65% soil moisture content, and carbon dioxide concentration below 600PPM, and adjust the shading rate of the shading net according to the light intensity to ensure that the light is always 100-500LX weak scattered light. Use a temperature sensor to monitor the greenhouse temperature in real time, and fine-tune the water temperature of the floor cooling system or the set temperature of the air conditioner according to the monitoring data; S2.2, during the Morchella cultivation period, set the target temperature to 3 to 8 degrees Celsius at 40 cm soil temperature, 10 degrees Celsius ambient temperature, 65% soil moisture content, and carbon dioxide concentration below 600 PPM. According to the temperature and humidity, adjust the size of the vents to ensure air circulation, and use temperature and humidity sensors to monitor the temperature and humidity in the greenhouse in real time; S2.

3. During the fruiting period of morels, the target temperature is set at 6 to 10 degrees Celsius at 40 cm of soil. According to the temperature changes, the operation status of the ground cooling system is flexibly adjusted. In hot weather, the cold stored in the natural energy smart system is used to reduce the greenhouse temperature. The ambient temperature is 12 degrees Celsius, the soil moisture content is 65%, the air humidity is 92% to 94%, the carbon dioxide concentration is 400-500PPM, the ventilation level 1 wind, the sunshade net density is 95%, and the sunshade rate of the sunshade net is increased to prevent the temperature from being too high. Use temperature and humidity sensors to monitor the indoor temperature and humidity in real time, and finely adjust the operation status of each device according to the monitoring data; S3. In the fruiting stage, the target temperature is set at 8 to 13 degrees Celsius at 40 cm soil temperature, 15 degrees Celsius ambient temperature, 65% soil moisture content, 92% to 94% air humidity, 500-600LX weak scattered light, 400-500PPM carbon dioxide concentration, 1 level ventilation, 95% sunshade net density, which can be precisely controlled by the atomizer. When the temperature is high, the humidity should be appropriately increased to prevent dehydration of the fruiting body, and when the temperature is low, the humidity should be appropriately reduced to prevent mold growth; S4.

1. The growth of Morchella fruiting bodies requires moderate diffuse light. The light intensity should be maintained between 400 and 500 lux. This can be achieved by adjusting the density of the shade net or using artificial light sources. Provide 10 to 12 hours of light per day to promote the growth of fruiting bodies: S4.

2. Ensure that the ventilation system in the greenhouse operates well to make the indoor air fresh and high in oxygen. Control the indoor carbon dioxide through regular ventilation and air purification equipment to ensure that the carbon dioxide content in the air does not exceed 0.1%. During the mushroom stage, perform short-term ventilation 2 to 3 times a day, each time for 2 to 3 minutes, to keep the air fresh. In hot weather, increase the number and duration of ventilation.

2. A zero-carbon four-season greenhouse off-season morel cultivation temperature control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1.1, the state of the insulation material is checked regularly to prevent damage and aging. In step S1.2, the pipeline should be checked regularly for leaks or blockages to ensure the normal operation of the system and ensure air circulation and equipment efficiency.

3. The method for controlling temperature of off-season Morchella cultivation in a zero-carbon four-season greenhouse according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4.2, to ensure that the concentration of carbon dioxide is within a safe range, the size and operation time of the fan need to be determined. Therefore, in order to maintain the air quality in the greenhouse, the required ventilation volume needs to be calculated, and the following formula is required: Where V is the required ventilation volume, Q is the carbon dioxide production, C is the carbon dioxide concentration, and ΔC is the difference between the target concentration and the current concentration.

4. The method for controlling temperature of off-season Morchella cultivation in a zero-carbon four-season greenhouse according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1.3, to ensure that the humidity is controlled within the target range, it is necessary to determine the capacity and operating time of the natural energy smart system. Therefore, in order to control the humidity in the greenhouse, it is necessary to calculate the required evaporation amount, and the following formula is required: E=ρ×V×(W2-W1) Where E is the evaporation, ρ is the air density, V is the ventilation volume, W2 is the target humidity, and E1 is the current humidity.

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