A high-performance solar heat storage material and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The present invention discloses a high-performance solar thermal storage material and a preparation method thereof. Through an electron activation mechanism, liquid metal is coupled with an active biomass sugar alcohol to obtain a binary coupling product with high heat storage capacity; through an electron transfer reaction, the above-mentioned binary coupling product is combined with a selenide semiconductor, and electrons are injected into the selenide semiconductor to obtain a ternary composite material with high heat storage capacity and high photothermal conversion capacity; through an interface adaptive conformation regulation mechanism, the above-mentioned ternary composite material is compounded with plasma carbon fiber to obtain a quaternary composite material with high heat storage capacity, high photothermal conversion capacity and high thermal conductivity. The present invention uses biomass sugar alcohol as the heat storage main body, liquid metal as the solid electron supply component, selenide semiconductor as the photothermal conversion component, and plasma carbon fiber as the heat conducting component. The prepared solar thermal storage material has the advantages of high heat storage capacity, high photothermal conversion capacity and high thermal conductivity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of heat storage material preparation, and in particular to a high-performance solar heat storage material and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] 90% of the global energy budget is centered around the conversion, transmission, and storage of thermal energy. The vigorous development of thermal storage technologies is crucial for energy conservation, efficiency improvement, and sustainable development. Biomass-derived sugar alcohols, widely available, are a renewable solar thermal storage material. They absorb heat during heating to transform from a crystalline state to a liquid state, and release heat during cooling to transform from a liquid state to a crystalline state. They play an indispensable role in aerospace thermal control, solar thermal utilization, peak-load shifting, thermal management of electronic components, waste and residual heat recovery, building energy conservation, agricultural cultivation, the textile industry, and greenhouse insulation. However, their low solar energy conversion efficiency hinders their ability to increase solar energy utilization; their low thermal conductivity hinders their ultrafast thermal utilization; and their low phase change enthalpy hinders their ability to increase their thermal storage capacity. Therefore, improving the solar energy conversion efficiency, thermal conductivity, and phase change enthalpy of biomass-derived sugar alcohols is key to realizing their high-efficiency thermal storage applications. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a high-performance solar heat storage material.

[0004] Another object of the present invention is to provide a high-performance solar thermal storage material obtained by the above-mentioned preparation method, which has the characteristics of not easy to leak, high heat storage, high phase change enthalpy value, high photothermal conversion efficiency, high thermal conductivity and good stability.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0006] In one aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing a high-performance solar thermal storage material, comprising the following steps:

[0007] Step 1: Weigh 80-95 parts of active biomass sugar alcohol and 1-2 parts of liquid metal, heat and stir at 150-200°C until the two are fully reacted, and couple to obtain a binary coupling product of active biomass sugar alcohol@liquid metal;

[0008] Step 2: Weigh 1-3 parts of selenide semiconductor, and fully react the binary coupling product prepared in step 1 with the selenide semiconductor under an inert atmosphere at 200°C to tightly couple the binary coupling product with the selenide semiconductor to obtain a ternary composite material of active biomass sugar alcohol@liquid metal@selenide semiconductor;

[0009] Step 3: Weigh 3-5 parts of plasma carbon fiber and add the plasma carbon fiber to the ternary composite material prepared in step 2. Through the interface adaptive conformation regulation mechanism, the plasma carbon fiber and the active biomass sugar alcohol @ liquid metal @ selenide semiconductor are fully compounded to obtain active biomass sugar alcohol @ liquid metal @ selenide semiconductor @ plasma carbon fiber, which is a high-performance solar thermal storage material.

[0010] Preferably, in step 1, the active biomass sugar alcohol is selected from one or more of sorbitol, mannitol, erythritol, xylitol, maltitol, isomalt, lactitol, and arabitol.

[0011] Preferably, in step 1, the liquid metal is selected from one or more of sodium-potassium alloy, gallium-indium-tin alloy, gallium-indium alloy, bismuth-tin alloy, bismuth-lead-tin alloy, gallium-tin alloy, and gallium-lead alloy liquid metal.

[0012] Preferably, in step 2, the selenide semiconductor is selected from one or more of cadmium selenide, zinc selenide, lead selenide, copper selenide, and silver selenide.

[0013] Preferably, in step 3, the diameter of the plasma carbon fiber is 6 μm-10 μm.

[0014] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a high-performance solar heat storage material prepared by the above preparation method.

[0015] The high-performance solar heat storage material of the present invention has the advantages of being not easy to leak, high heat storage, high phase change enthalpy value, high light-to-heat conversion efficiency, and high thermal conductivity.

[0016] The high-performance solar thermal storage material of the present invention uses active biomass sugar alcohol as the main body, liquid metal material for heat storage, selenide semiconductor as the light-heat conversion channel, and plasma carbon fiber as the heat conduction channel. It is produced through physical crosslinking between liquid metal and active biomass sugar alcohol, between liquid metal and plasma carbon fiber, and chemical interaction between selenide semiconductor and liquid metal.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention significantly improves the phase change enthalpy of biomass sugar alcohols by selecting active biomass sugar alcohols for coupling with liquid metals, thereby greatly improving the heat storage capacity of the material and being suitable for the field of solar heat storage. The present invention uses selenide semiconductors, which can effectively improve the solar energy conversion rate and efficiently convert solar energy into thermal energy. At the same time, by introducing plasma carbon fibers, an efficient heat conduction channel is constructed, which significantly improves the thermal conductivity of the material, thereby accelerating the heat transfer process after the solar energy is converted into thermal energy. The comprehensive application of these new materials not only significantly improves the phase change enthalpy, solar energy conversion rate and thermal conductivity of biomass sugar alcohols, but also broadens the scope of solar energy utilization. The present invention provides a new research direction for green and efficient energy storage technology, and shows broad application prospects and market potential. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the preparation process of the high-performance solar thermal storage material of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a physical picture of the sorbitol@sodium potassium alloy@cadmium selenide@plasma carbon fiber high-performance solar thermal storage material prepared in Example 1.

[0020] Figure 3 This is a physical picture of the xylitol@gallium indium tin alloy@zinc selenide@plasma carbon fiber high-performance solar thermal storage material prepared in Example 2.

[0021] Figure 4 This is a physical picture of the erythritol@gallium-indium alloy@lead selenide@plasma carbon fiber high-performance solar thermal storage material prepared in Example 3.

[0022] Figure 5 This is a physical picture of the mannitol@bismuth-tin alloy@copper selenide@plasma carbon fiber high-performance solar thermal storage material prepared in Example 4.

[0023] Figure 6 This is a physical picture of the maltitol@bismuth-lead-tin alloy@silver selenide@plasma carbon fiber high-performance solar thermal storage material prepared in Example 5.

[0024] Figure 7 This is a physical picture of the xylitol@gallium indium tin alloy solar thermal storage material prepared in Comparative Example 1.

[0025] Figure 8 This is a physical picture of the xylitol@gallium indium tin alloy@plasma carbon fiber solar thermal storage material prepared in Comparative Example 2.

[0026] Figure 9 This is a physical picture of the xylitol@gallium indium tin alloy@silver selenide high-performance heat storage material prepared in Comparative Example 3. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The present invention provides a method for preparing a high-performance solar thermal storage material. Figure 1 As shown, the following steps are included:

[0028] Step 1: Weigh 80-95 parts of active biomass sugar alcohol and 1-2 parts of liquid metal, heat and stir at 150-200°C until the two are fully reacted, and couple to obtain a binary coupling product of active biomass sugar alcohol@liquid metal;

[0029] In some embodiments, the active biomass sugar alcohol is selected from one or more of sorbitol, mannitol, erythritol, xylitol, maltitol, isomalt, lactitol, and arabitol.

[0030] In some embodiments, the liquid metal material is selected from one or more of sodium-potassium alloy, gallium-indium-tin alloy, gallium-indium alloy, bismuth-tin alloy, bismuth-lead-tin alloy, gallium-tin alloy, and gallium-lead alloy liquid metal.

[0031] Step 2: Weigh 1-3 parts of selenide semiconductor, and fully react the binary coupling product prepared in step 1 with the selenide semiconductor under an inert atmosphere at 200°C to tightly couple the binary coupling product with the selenide semiconductor to obtain a ternary composite material of active biomass sugar alcohol@liquid metal@selenide semiconductor;

[0032] In some embodiments, the selenide semiconductor is selected from one or more of cadmium selenide, zinc selenide, lead selenide, copper selenide, and silver selenide.

[0033] Step 3: Weigh 3-5 parts of plasma carbon fiber and add the plasma carbon fiber to the ternary composite material prepared in step 2. Through the interface adaptive conformation regulation mechanism, the plasma carbon fiber and the active biomass sugar alcohol @ liquid metal @ selenide semiconductor are fully compounded to obtain active biomass sugar alcohol @ liquid metal @ selenide semiconductor @ plasma carbon fiber, which is a high-performance solar thermal storage material.

[0034] In some embodiments, in step 3, the diameter of the plasma carbon fiber is 6 μm-10 μm.

[0035] For a further understanding of the present invention, the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the following examples. The protection scope of the present invention is not limited by the following examples.

[0036] Example 1

[0037] Step 1: Weigh 9.1g of sorbitol and 0.09g of sodium-potassium alloy, heat and stir at 165°C until the sodium-potassium alloy and sorbitol fully react to obtain active biomass sugar alcohol@liquid metal;

[0038] Step 2: Weigh 0.24 g of cadmium selenide, and fully react the active biomass sugar alcohol @ liquid metal prepared in step 1 with the cadmium selenide semiconductor under a nitrogen atmosphere at 200° C. to achieve close coupling between the active biomass sugar alcohol @ liquid metal and the cadmium selenide semiconductor, thereby obtaining an active biomass sugar alcohol @ liquid metal @ cadmium selenide semiconductor;

[0039] Step 3: Weigh 1.5 g of plasma carbon fiber with a diameter of 6 μm, add the plasma carbon fiber to the active biomass sugar alcohol @ liquid metal @ cadmium selenide semiconductor prepared in step 2, and fully compound the plasma carbon fiber and the active biomass sugar alcohol @ liquid metal @ cadmium selenide semiconductor through the interface adaptive conformation regulation mechanism to obtain active biomass sugar alcohol @ liquid metal @ selenide semiconductor @ plasma carbon fiber, which is a high-performance solar thermal storage material.

[0040] Figure 2 This is a physical picture of the sorbitol@sodium potassium alloy@cadmium selenide@plasma carbon fiber high-performance solar thermal storage material prepared in Example 1.

[0041] Example 2

[0042] Step 1: Weigh 8.9g of xylitol and 0.1g of gallium-indium-tin alloy, heat and stir at 170°C until the gallium-indium-tin alloy and xylitol fully react to obtain active biomass sugar alcohol@liquid metal;

[0043] Step 2: Weigh 0.18 g of zinc selenide and fully react the active biomass sugar alcohol@liquid metal prepared in step 1 with zinc selenide under a nitrogen atmosphere at 200°C to achieve a tight coupling between the active biomass sugar alcohol@liquid metal and zinc selenide to obtain an active biomass sugar alcohol@liquid metal@zinc selenide semiconductor;

[0044] Step 3: Weigh 1.6 g of plasma carbon fiber with a diameter of 8 μm, add the plasma carbon fiber to the active biomass sugar alcohol @ liquid metal @ zinc selenide semiconductor prepared in step 2, and fully compound the plasma carbon fiber and the active biomass sugar alcohol @ liquid metal @ zinc selenide semiconductor through the interface adaptive conformation regulation mechanism to obtain active biomass sugar alcohol @ liquid metal @ zinc selenide semiconductor @ plasma carbon fiber, which is a high-performance solar thermal storage material;

[0045] Figure 3 This is a physical picture of the xylitol@gallium indium tin alloy@zinc selenide@plasma carbon fiber high-performance solar thermal storage material prepared in Example 2.

[0046] Example 3

[0047] Step 1: Weigh 8.8g of erythritol and 0.18g of gallium-indium alloy, heat and stir at 160°C until the gallium-indium alloy and erythritol fully react to obtain active biomass sugar alcohol@liquid metal;

[0048] Step 2: Weigh 0.2 g of lead selenide and fully react the active biomass sugar alcohol@liquid metal prepared in step 1 with lead selenide under a nitrogen atmosphere at 200°C to achieve close coupling between the active biomass sugar alcohol@liquid metal and lead selenide to obtain an active biomass sugar alcohol@liquid metal@lead selenide semiconductor;

[0049] Step 3: Weigh 1.4 g of plasma carbon fiber with a diameter of 7 μm, add the plasma carbon fiber to the active biomass sugar alcohol @ liquid metal @ lead selenide semiconductor prepared in step 2, and fully compound the plasma carbon fiber and the active biomass sugar alcohol @ liquid metal @ lead selenide semiconductor through the interface adaptive conformation regulation mechanism to obtain active biomass sugar alcohol @ liquid metal @ lead selenide semiconductor @ plasma carbon fiber, which is a high-performance solar thermal storage material.

[0050] Figure 4 This is a physical picture of the erythritol@gallium-indium alloy@lead selenide@plasma carbon fiber high-performance solar thermal storage material prepared in Example 3.

[0051] Example 4

[0052] Step 1: Weigh 9.8g of mannitol and 0.28g of bismuth-tin alloy, heat and stir at 180°C until the bismuth-tin alloy and mannitol fully react to obtain active biomass sugar alcohol@liquid metal;

[0053] Step 2: Weigh 0.26 g of copper selenide and fully react the active biomass sugar alcohol@liquid metal prepared in step 1 with copper selenide at 200°C in a nitrogen atmosphere to achieve close coupling between the active biomass sugar alcohol@liquid metal and copper selenide to obtain an active biomass sugar alcohol@liquid metal@copper selenide semiconductor;

[0054] Step 3: Weigh 1.6 g of plasma carbon fiber with a diameter of 6 μm, add the plasma carbon fiber to the active biomass sugar alcohol @ liquid metal @ copper selenide semiconductor prepared in step 2, and fully compound the plasma carbon fiber and the active biomass sugar alcohol @ liquid metal @ copper selenide semiconductor through the interface adaptive conformation regulation mechanism to obtain active biomass sugar alcohol @ liquid metal @ copper selenide semiconductor @ plasma carbon fiber, which is a high-performance solar thermal storage material;

[0055] Figure 5 This is a physical picture of the mannitol@bismuth-tin alloy@copper selenide@plasma carbon fiber high-performance solar thermal storage material prepared in Example 4.

[0056] Example 5

[0057] Step 1: Weigh 9.0 g of inositol and 0.21 g of bismuth-lead-tin alloy, heat and stir at 190°C until the bismuth-lead-tin alloy and inositol fully react to obtain active biomass sugar alcohol@liquid metal;

[0058] Step 2: Weigh 0.18 g of silver selenide, and fully react the active biomass sugar alcohol@liquid metal prepared in step 1 with silver selenide under a nitrogen atmosphere at 200° C. to achieve close coupling between the active biomass sugar alcohol@liquid metal and silver selenide to obtain an active biomass sugar alcohol@liquid metal@silver selenide semiconductor;

[0059] Step 3: Weigh 1.7 g of plasma carbon fiber with a diameter of 9 μm, add the plasma carbon fiber to the active biomass sugar alcohol @ liquid metal @ silver selenide semiconductor prepared in step 2, and fully compound the plasma carbon fiber and the active biomass sugar alcohol @ liquid metal @ silver selenide semiconductor through the interface adaptive conformation regulation mechanism to obtain active biomass sugar alcohol @ liquid metal @ silver selenide semiconductor @ plasma carbon fiber, which is a high-performance solar thermal storage material.

[0060] Figure 6 This is a physical picture of the inositol@bismuth-lead-tin alloy@silver selenide@plasma carbon fiber high-performance solar thermal storage material prepared in Example 5.

[0061] Comparative Example 1

[0062] Step 1: Weigh 8.9g of xylitol and 0.1g of gallium indium tin alloy, heat and stir at 170°C until the gallium indium tin alloy and xylitol fully react, and couple to obtain active biomass sugar alcohol@liquid metal, which is the solar thermal storage material.

[0063] Figure 7 This is a physical picture of the xylitol@gallium indium tin alloy solar thermal storage material prepared in Comparative Example 1.

[0064] Comparative Example 2

[0065] Step 1: Weigh 8.9g of xylitol and 0.1g of gallium-indium-tin alloy, heat and stir at 170°C until the gallium-indium-tin alloy and xylitol fully react to obtain active biomass sugar alcohol@liquid metal;

[0066] Step 2: Weigh 1.6 g of plasma carbon fiber with a diameter of 8 μm, add the plasma carbon fiber to the active biomass sugar alcohol @ liquid metal prepared in step 1, and fully compound the plasma carbon fiber and the active biomass sugar alcohol @ liquid metal through the interface adaptive conformation regulation mechanism to obtain active biomass sugar alcohol @ liquid metal @ plasma carbon fiber, which is the solar thermal storage material.

[0067] Figure 8 This is a physical picture of the xylitol@gallium indium tin alloy@plasma carbon fiber high-performance solar thermal storage material prepared in Comparative Example 2.

[0068] Comparative Example 3

[0069] Step 1: Weigh 8.9g of xylitol and 0.1g of gallium-indium-tin alloy, heat and stir at 170°C until the gallium-indium-tin alloy and xylitol fully react to obtain active biomass sugar alcohol@liquid metal;

[0070] Step 2: Weigh 0.18g of zinc selenide, and fully react the active biomass sugar alcohol @ liquid metal prepared in step 1 with silver selenide in a nitrogen atmosphere at 200°C to tightly couple the active biomass sugar alcohol @ liquid metal and silver selenide to obtain an active biomass sugar alcohol @ liquid metal @ silver selenide semiconductor, which is a solar thermal storage material.

[0071] Figure 9 This is a physical picture of the xylitol@gallium indium tin alloy@zinc selenide high-performance solar thermal storage material prepared in Comparative Example 3.

[0072] The photothermal efficiency, phase change enthalpy and thermal conductivity of the high-performance solar thermal storage materials prepared in Examples 1-5 and Comparative Examples 1-3 are shown in Table 1:

[0073] Table 1

[0074] Example Photothermal efficiency (%) Phase change enthalpy (J / g) Thermal conductivity (W / mK) Example 1 98.68 160.42 3.9 Example 2 98.45 198.78 3.5 Example 3 97.21 202.12 4.1 Example 4 97.99 212.34 3.7 Example 5 98.76 195.63 4.1 Comparative Example 1 10.21 125.89 0.45 Comparative Example 2 17.02 144.23 0.92 Comparative Example 3 18.34 146.11 0.51

[0075] As can be seen from Table 1, by comparing Examples 1-5 and Comparative Examples 1-3, without adding selenide semiconductors and / or plasma carbon fiber thermal conductive fillers, the photothermal efficiency, phase change enthalpy and thermal conductivity of the high-performance solar thermal storage material obtained in Comparative Example 1 are 10.21%, 125.89 J / g and 0.45 W / mK, respectively; the corresponding data for Comparative Example 2 are 17.02%, 144.23 J / g and 0.92 W / mK, respectively; the corresponding data for Comparative Example 3 are 18.34%, 146.11 J / g and 0.51 W / mK, respectively. When selenide semiconductors and plasma carbon fiber thermal conductive fillers are added at the same time, the photothermal efficiency, phase change enthalpy and thermal conductivity of the high-performance solar thermal storage materials obtained in Examples 1-5 are greatly improved, indicating that there is a synergistic effect between biomass sugar alcohol, liquid metal, selenide semiconductor and plasma carbon fiber.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a high-performance solar thermal storage material, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Weigh 88-98 parts of active biomass sugar alcohol and 0.9-2.8 parts of liquid metal, heat and stir at 150-200° C. until the two are fully reacted, and couple to obtain a binary coupling product of active biomass sugar alcohol@liquid metal; wherein the active biomass sugar alcohol is selected from one or more of sorbitol, mannitol, erythritol, xylitol, maltitol, isomalt, lactitol, and arabitol; Step 2: Weigh 1.8-2.6 parts of selenide semiconductor, and fully react the binary coupling product prepared in step 1 with the selenide semiconductor under an inert atmosphere at 200°C to tightly couple the binary coupling product with the selenide semiconductor to obtain a ternary composite material of active biomass sugar alcohol@liquid metal@selenide semiconductor; Step 3: Weigh 14-17 parts of plasma carbon fiber, add the plasma carbon fiber to the ternary composite material prepared in step 2, and fully compound the plasma carbon fiber and the ternary composite material through the interface adaptive conformation regulation mechanism to obtain active biomass sugar alcohol @ liquid metal @ selenide semiconductor @ plasma carbon fiber, which is a high-performance solar thermal storage material.

2. The method for preparing a high-performance solar thermal storage material according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 1, the liquid metal is selected from one or more of sodium-potassium alloy, gallium-indium-tin alloy, gallium-indium alloy, bismuth-tin alloy, bismuth-lead-tin alloy, gallium-tin alloy, and gallium-lead alloy.

3. The method for preparing a high-performance solar thermal storage material according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2, the selenide semiconductor is selected from one or more of cadmium selenide, zinc selenide, lead selenide, copper selenide, and silver selenide.

4. The method for preparing a high-performance solar thermal storage material according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 3, the diameter of the plasma carbon fiber is 6µm-10µm.

5. A high-performance solar thermal storage material prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

Images