Multifunctional isobiaxial stretching device and test method

Abstract

The invention discloses a multifunctional isobiaxial stretching device and a test method. According to the device, plate walls of an upper cross plate and a lower cross plate are aligned in a one-to-one correspondence mode, a set of stretching assemblies are arranged between each set of aligned plate walls, the stretching assemblies are used for applying stretching force to a sample, and displacement sensors used for collecting stretching distances are installed on the stretching assemblies; a gyroscope sensor is arranged on each of the upper cross plate and the lower cross plate; the tensile forces in the four directions are the same, and the multifunctional isobiaxial tensile device is used for realizing an isobiaxial tensile test; or the tensile forces in the parallel direction are the same, and the tensile forces in the orthogonal direction are different, so that the multifunctional isobiaxial tensile device is used for realizing the isobiaxial asymmetric tensile test. The device has the advantages of being simple in structure, easy to operate, high in control precision, multifunctional and the like, and equal biaxial symmetric or asymmetric stress application to the sample is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of material testing equipment, and particularly to a multi-functional equal biaxial stretching device and a test method. Background Art

[0002] Traditional tensile testing methods can only provide the mechanical behavior of materials in a single direction. However, many materials are often in a multi-axial stress state during actual use, so equipment for biaxial or even multi-axial tensile tests is needed.

[0003] However, existing fixtures usually have defects such as complex design, inconvenient operation, low precision, etc., and lack precise control of displacement and angle sensors, making it difficult to conduct accurate tests under complex stress states.

[0004] In addition, test benches capable of biaxial stretching also have problems such as high test costs. For example, "A biaxial stretching test bench and method for rubber, etc." (CN117433892A) discloses a biaxial stretching test bench and test method for rubber, etc. driven by an electromagnetic component. This device can only use a specific test bench, increasing the test cost. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to overcome the deficiencies of current tensile test equipment, such as complex design, inconvenient operation, and lack of versatility, the present invention proposes a multi-functional equal biaxial stretching device and a test method. This device uses a combination of a linear drive unit and a pulley system, and can achieve high-precision, easy-to-operate, multi-functional equal biaxial symmetric and asymmetric tensile tests, and is suitable for testing the mechanical properties and deformations of various materials such as soft materials and biological materials.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0007] I. A multi-functional equal biaxial stretching device

[0008] It includes a testing machine, an upper cross plate, a lower cross plate, a stretching component, a gyroscope sensor, and a displacement sensor; the upper cross plate and the lower cross plate are respectively clamped by the upper fixture and the lower fixture of the testing machine; the upper cross plate and the lower cross plate are arranged in parallel at intervals, and their plate walls are aligned in one-to-one correspondence. A set of stretching components is arranged between each group of corresponding and aligned plate walls. The stretching components are used to apply a tensile force to the specimen, and the tensile force applied by each set of stretching components acts along the length direction of the plate wall where it is located, from the proximal end to the distal end of the plate wall.

[0009] A displacement sensor for collecting the stretching distance is installed on the stretching component; a gyroscope sensor is arranged at the center of each of the upper cross plate and the lower cross plate.

[0010] The tensile forces in four directions are of the same magnitude, and the multifunctional equal biaxial stretching device is used to achieve an equal biaxial symmetric stretching test; or, the tensile forces in parallel directions are of the same magnitude, and the tensile forces in orthogonal directions are different, and the multifunctional equal biaxial stretching device is used to achieve an equal biaxial asymmetric stretching test.

[0011] Each set of stretching components mainly consists of a pulley, a slider, a steel wire rope and a fixing component; the pulley and the slider are arranged above the plate wall of the lower cross plate in sequence from the distal end to the proximal end, the pulley is detachably installed on the plate wall, the slider is slidably connected with the plate wall, a fixing component is installed at the proximal end of the slider for clamping and fixing the specimen, the distal end of the slider is connected with one end of the steel wire rope, and the other end of the steel wire rope passes through the pulley and is connected with the corresponding plate arm of the upper cross plate; a displacement sensor is installed on the slider, and the displacement sensor can collect the displacement of the slider where it is located as the stretching distance.

[0012] For the four sets of stretching components, the diameters of the four pulleys are the same, so that the tensile forces in four directions are of the same magnitude, and the multifunctional equal biaxial stretching device is used to achieve biaxial symmetric stretching;

[0013] Or, the diameters of the pulleys on the opposite bridge arms are the same, and the diameters of the pulleys on the asymmetric bridge arms are different, so that the tensile forces in parallel directions are of the same magnitude, and the tensile forces in orthogonal directions are different, and the multifunctional equal biaxial stretching device is used to achieve biaxial asymmetric stretching.

[0014] When the multifunctional equal biaxial stretching device is used to achieve biaxial asymmetric stretching, the diameter ratio of the pulleys on the asymmetric bridge arms is consistent with the target asymmetric tensile force ratio.

[0015] For the four sets of stretching components, the connection points of the four steel wire ropes and the corresponding plate arms of the upper cross plate are evenly distributed on the same circumference.

[0016] The fixing component includes an upper clamping plate, a lower clamping plate and a sliding connection plate;

[0017] The sliding connection plate is installed on the slider, the lower clamping plate is installed above the sliding connection plate, and the upper clamping plate is detachably installed above the lower clamping plate;

[0018] The upper clamping plate and the lower clamping plate are used to fix the specimen by clamping the edge part of the specimen.

[0019] A first stretching rod is detachably connected to the center of the top of the upper cross plate, and the first stretching rod can be matched with the upper fixture of the testing machine; a second stretching rod is detachably connected to the center of the bottom of the lower cross plate, and the second stretching rod can be matched with the lower fixture of the testing machine.

[0020] Preferably, the detachable connection method between the stretching rod and the cross plate is a threaded connection.

[0021] The test machine is configured with a temperature control box and / or an optical measurement system.

[0022] II. A multi-functional equal biaxial tensile test method using the above-mentioned multi-functional equal biaxial tensile device

[0023] It includes an equal biaxial symmetric tensile method, specifically: keeping the diameters of the four pulleys the same, clamping and fixing the specimen through the upper clamping plate and the lower clamping plate, and using the test machine to upwardly stretch the upper cross plate;

[0024] It includes an equal biaxial asymmetric tensile method, specifically: taking the target asymmetric tensile force ratio as the diameter ratio of adjacent pulleys, selecting two groups of pulleys with corresponding diameter ratios, and arranging each group of pulleys with the same diameter ratio on the opposite bridge arms of the lower cross plate; clamping and fixing the specimen through the upper clamping plate and the lower clamping plate, and using the test machine to upwardly stretch the upper cross plate.

[0025] The specimen is a composite material, plastic, elastomer, etc.

[0026] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0027] 1. The multi-functional equal biaxial tensile device provided by the present invention is applicable to various materials such as elastomers and plastics. The flexible design of the pulley system enables it to adapt to samples of different shapes and sizes, enhancing the versatility of the device.

[0028] 2. The multi-functional equal biaxial tensile device provided by the present invention has a more concise design, reducing unnecessary mechanical components. At the same time, through modular components, rapid installation and disassembly are achieved, and thus rapid switching between symmetric tensile tests and asymmetric tensile tests can be realized.

[0029] 3. The multi-functional equal biaxial tensile device provided by the present invention utilizes a slide rail-slider system and a wire rope-pulley system to achieve equal amplitude biaxial tensile of the specimen, ensuring that the tensile forces applied in the symmetric directions are uniform and synchronous, effectively reducing measurement errors.

[0030] 4. The multi-functional equal biaxial tensile device provided by the present invention is configured with a displacement sensor and a gyroscope sensor. Combined with the temperature control box and optical measurement system of the test machine itself, it can conduct material mechanical property tests under complex stress states. Description of the Drawings

[0031] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the multi-functional equal biaxial tensile device in the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the lower cross plate of the multi-functional equal biaxial tensile device in the present invention;

[0033] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the upper cross plate of the multi-functional equal biaxial tensile device in the present invention;

[0034] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the multi-functional equal biaxial stretching device in the present invention;

[0035] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the pulley installation of the multi-functional equal biaxial stretching device in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] In the figure: 1. Upper fixture, 2. Specimen, 3. Gyroscope sensor, 4. Screw, 5. Wire locking device, 6. Upper cross plate, 7. Oil cup, 8. Pulley, 9. Mandrel, 10. Bracket, 11. Displacement sensor, 12. Upper clamping plate, 13. Lower clamping plate, 14. Sliding connecting plate, 15. Slide block, 16. Slide rail, 17. Steel wire rope, 18. Clamping plate, 19. Lower cross plate, 20. Lower fixture, 21. Countersunk head screw, 22. Bolt, 23. Screw, 24. Adjusting bolt. Specific embodiments

[0037] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0038] The following detailed descriptions are all illustrative and are intended to provide further descriptions of the present application. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the technical field to which the present application belongs.

[0039] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, unless otherwise clearly specified in the context, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "comprise" and / or "include" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0040] The first aspect of the present invention provides a multi-functional equal biaxial stretching device. It includes upper and lower cross plate bodies, a plurality of sliding mechanisms, a plurality of pulley systems, a steel wire rope, and sensors. The sliding mechanisms and pulley systems are symmetrically and fixedly installed on the lower cross plate respectively. The sliding mechanisms perform horizontal movements. When the upper cross plate is subjected to an upward pulling force, the sliding mechanisms perform radial movements simultaneously to conduct a tensile test on the specimen.

[0041] The multi-functional equal biaxial stretching device provided by the present invention includes a testing machine, an upper cross plate 6, a lower cross plate 19, a stretching assembly, a gyroscope sensor 3, and a displacement sensor 11. Among them, the upper cross plate 6 and the lower cross plate 19 are respectively clamped by the upper fixture 1 and the lower fixture 20 of the testing machine; the upper cross plate 6 and the lower cross plate 19 are arranged in parallel at intervals, and the plate walls of the two are aligned in one-to-one correspondence.

[0042] One wall of the upper vane 6 and one wall of the lower vane 19 that is correspondingly aligned therewith are taken as a group, and a set of stretching components is arranged between each group of vanes. The stretching components are used to apply a tensile force to the specimen 2. The tensile force applied by each set of stretching components to the specimen 2 acts along the length direction of the vane where it is located, from the proximal end to the distal end of the vane. A displacement sensor 11 for collecting the stretching distance is installed on the stretching component; a gyroscope sensor 3 is arranged at the center of each of the upper vane 6 and the lower vane 19. The gyroscope sensor 3 is used to collect the inclination angle and / or rotation angle of the vane where it is located.

[0043] Among them, the stretching distance collected by the displacement sensor 11 is used to characterize the degree of deformation of the specimen 2.

[0044] Among them, the inclination angle and / or rotation angle of the vane where it is located collected by the gyroscope sensor 3 is used to represent the horizontal degree of the vane, so as to ensure that the upper vane 6 and the lower vane 19 are parallel to each other.

[0045] The multifunctional equal biaxial stretching device provided by the present invention can fix the tensile force ratio by changing the transmission ratio in a specific direction, and then perform an equal biaxial symmetric stretching test or an equal biaxial asymmetric stretching test. Specifically:

[0046] When the magnitudes of the tensile forces in the four directions are the same, the multifunctional equal biaxial stretching device is used to achieve biaxial symmetric stretching;

[0047] When the magnitudes of the tensile forces in the parallel directions are the same and the magnitudes of the tensile forces in the orthogonal directions are different, the multifunctional equal biaxial stretching device is used to achieve equal biaxial asymmetric stretching.

[0048] Specifically, the stretching component can achieve the force application and synchronous control of the specimen in the biaxial direction. Each set of stretching components mainly consists of a pulley 8, a slider 15, a steel wire rope 17 and a fixing component. The pulley 8 and the slider 15 are arranged above the wall of the lower vane 19 in sequence from the distal end to the proximal end. The pulley 8 is detachably installed on the wall, and the slider 15 is slidably connected to the wall. A fixing component is installed at the proximal end of the slider 15 for clamping and fixing the specimen 2. The distal end of the slider 15 is connected to one end of the steel wire rope 17, and the other end of the steel wire rope 17 passes through the pulley 8 and is connected to the corresponding plate arm of the upper vane 6.

[0049] A displacement sensor 11 is installed on the slider 15. The displacement sensor 11 can collect the displacement of its own slider as the stretching distance. By controlling the movement of each slider 15, the forces of the specimen in two orthogonal directions can be accurately applied and controlled.

[0050] For the four groups of stretching components, the sliders 15 on each plate arm of the lower cross plate 19 are connected to the corresponding plate arms of the upper cross plate 6 by a steel wire rope 17 that bypasses the pulley 8, ensuring that during the stretching process, the four plate arms of the lower cross plate 19 and the upper cross plate 6 are vertically aligned to achieve synchronous movement.

[0051] For the four groups of stretching components, the lengths of the four steel wire ropes 17 are the same.

[0052] Taking two relatively arranged pulleys 8 as a group, the multifunctional equal biaxial stretching device provided by the present invention realizes equal biaxial symmetric stretching tests or equal biaxial asymmetric stretching tests by changing the diameter ratio of the two groups of pulleys 8:

[0053] When the diameter ratio of the two groups of pulleys 8 is 1:1, that is, when the diameters of the four pulleys 8 are the same, the stretching forces in the four directions are the same, and the multifunctional equal biaxial stretching device can perform biaxial symmetric stretching on the specimen 2;

[0054] When the diameter ratio of the two groups of pulleys 8 is consistent with the target asymmetric tensile force ratio, that is, the diameters of the pulleys 8 on the opposite bridge arms are the same, and the diameters of the pulleys 8 on the asymmetric bridge arms are different, so that the stretching forces in the parallel directions are the same, and the stretching forces in the orthogonal directions are different, the multifunctional equal biaxial stretching device is used to achieve biaxial asymmetric stretching.

[0055] Preferably, for the four groups of stretching components, the connection points of the four steel wire ropes 17 with the corresponding plate arms of the upper cross plate 6 are evenly distributed on the same circumference.

[0056] Preferably, the fixing component includes an upper clamping plate 12, a lower clamping plate 13, and a sliding connection plate 14; the sliding connection plate 14 is installed on the slider 15, the lower clamping plate 13 is installed above the sliding connection plate 14, and the upper clamping plate 12 is detachably installed above the lower clamping plate 13; the upper clamping plate 12 and the lower clamping plate 13 are used to fix the specimen 2 by clamping the edge portion of the specimen 2.

[0057] Furthermore, a biting surface can be provided on the opposite surfaces of the upper clamping plate 12 and the lower clamping plate 13, thereby increasing the frictional force between each of them and the specimen 2, and further clamping the specimen 2.

[0058] Preferably, the biting surface adopts a toothed structure.

[0059] Preferably, a first stretching rod is detachably installed at the center of the top of the upper cross plate 6. The first stretching rod can be matched with the upper clamp 1 of the testing machine and is clamped by the upper clamp 1 of the testing machine; a second stretching rod is detachably installed at the center of the bottom of the lower cross plate 19. The second stretching rod can be matched with the lower clamp 20 of the testing machine and is clamped by the lower clamp 20 of the testing machine. This connection method is used to maintain the symmetry and integrity of the device and ensure uniform stress during the stretching process. By changing the characteristics such as the model, size, and shape of the first stretching rod and the second stretching rod, the device of the present invention can be adapted to different types of testing machines.

[0060] The implementation manner of the detachable connection between the stretching rod and the cross plate can be: screwing the threaded bushing and the threaded core together to form a threaded connection, and selecting a tool matching the size and type of the threaded connection for disassembly.

[0061] Preferably, square holes are provided at the center of the bottom surface of the upper cross plate 6 and the center of the top surface of the lower cross plate 19 for installing the gyroscope sensors 3. The two gyroscope sensors 3 are arranged vertically aligned.

[0062] Preferably, the implementation manner of the detachable installation of the pulley 8 on the plate wall is: the pulley 8 is detachably installed on the outer side of the mandrel 9, and the mandrel 9 is installed on the top surface of the plate wall of the lower cross plate 19.

[0063] Furthermore, the testing machine is equipped with a temperature control box and / or an optical measurement system. The temperature control box can adjust the ambient temperature around the specimen 2 to simulate the stress deformation of the specimen 2 under actual working conditions. The optical measurement system can perform non-contact measurement on the surface strain of the specimen 2, improve the test accuracy, and meet higher test requirements. Since the device of the present invention is compatible with the testing machine and its temperature control box and optical measurement system, the test cost can be reduced.

[0064] The second invention of the present invention provides an equi-biaxial symmetric stretching method based on the above multi-functional equi-biaxial stretching device.

[0065] It includes an equi-biaxial symmetric stretching method, specifically: keeping the diameters of the four pulleys 8 the same, clamping and fixing the specimen 2 through the engaging surfaces of the upper clamping plate 12 and the lower clamping plate 13, using the testing machine to upwardly stretch the upper cross plate 6, and the upper cross plate 6 drives the corresponding sliders 15 to slide towards the distal end through four steel wires 17 respectively, thereby stretching the specimen 2.

[0066] It also includes an equal biaxial asymmetric stretching method, specifically: taking the target asymmetric tensile ratio as the diameter ratio of adjacent pulleys 8, selecting two groups of pulleys 8 with corresponding diameter ratios, and arranging the pulleys 8 with the same diameter ratio in each group on the opposite bridge arms of the lower cross plate 19; clamping and fixing the specimen 2 through the upper clamping plate 12 and the lower clamping plate 13, using the testing machine to upwardly stretch the upper cross plate 6, and the upper cross plate 6 drives the corresponding sliders 15 to slide towards the distal end through four steel wire ropes 17 respectively, thereby stretching the specimen 2.

[0067] Preferably, the specimen 2 is a composite material, plastic, elastomer, etc.

[0068] Optionally, the elastomer includes but is not limited to rubber and various synthetic rubbers.

[0069] Optionally, the plastic includes but is not limited to nylon and polyethylene, etc.

[0070] Preferably, the shape of the specimen 2 is cross-shaped, circular, strip-shaped, etc.

[0071] The specific embodiments of the present invention are as follows:

[0072] Embodiment 1

[0073] This embodiment provides a preferred implementation manner of the multifunctional equal biaxial stretching device, and the specific scheme is as follows:

[0074] Combined with Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figure 3 As shown, this embodiment includes a testing machine, an upper cross plate 6, a lower cross plate 19, a stretching assembly, a gyroscope sensor 3 and a displacement sensor 11.

[0075] Combined with Figure 5 As shown, in this embodiment, the specific manner in which the pulley 8 is detachably installed on the plate wall is as follows: The pulley 8 is connected to the plate wall of the lower cross plate 19 through a mandrel 9, a bracket 10, a clamping plate 18, a bolt 22 and a screw 23. The pulley 8 is detachably installed outside the mandrel 9, and their common axis is perpendicular to the length direction of the bridge arm and the moving direction of the slider 15. The mandrel 9 is installed at the top of the bracket 10, and the bottom end of the bracket 10 is connected to the plate wall of the lower cross plate 19 through the bolt 22 and fixed on the lower cross plate 20. A clamping plate 18 is provided at each axial end of the mandrel 9, the clamping plate 18 is embedded in the card slot on the mandrel 9, and one end of the screw 23 passes through the threaded hole on the clamping plate 18 and abuts against the bracket 10, so that the mandrel 9 is fixed and the rolling of the pulley 8 is restricted, making the pulley 8 present as a fixed pulley device. The oil cup 7 is screwed into the top of the mandrel 9 by thread rotation.

[0076] The installation method of the slide rail 16 is specifically as follows: The slide rail 16 is fixed on the lower cross plate 19 by means of the countersunk head screws 21 and the countersunk holes provided on the lower cross plate 19. An appropriate amount of lubricating oil is added to the contact surface between the slider 15 and the slide rail 16 to reduce friction and ensure a smooth and accurate sliding process.

[0077] The installation method of the sliding connection plate 14 is specifically as follows: The sliding connection plate 14 is fixedly connected to the slider 15 by screws 4.

[0078] The detachable connection method between the upper clamping plate 1 and the lower clamping plate 13 is specifically as follows: The upper clamping plate 1 and the lower clamping plate 13 are detachably connected by bolts 22. When the bolts 22 are tightened, the specimen 2 is clamped. When the bolts 22 are loosened, the specimen 2 can be removed.

[0079] Toothed structure engaging surfaces are provided on the opposite surfaces of the upper clamping plate 1 and the lower clamping plate 13.

[0080] The installation method of the displacement sensor 11 is specifically as follows: A displacement sensor 11 is installed on each slider 15. The displacement sensor 11 is fixedly installed on the side of the slider 15 by screws 4.

[0081] The installation method of the gyroscope sensor 3 is specifically as follows: Square holes are respectively machined in the exact middle of the upper cross plate 6 and the lower cross plate 19 to facilitate the installation of the gyroscope sensor 3, which is used to monitor the inclination and rotation angles of the cross plate during movement and ensure that the upper and lower cross plates remain horizontal when moving up and down.

[0082] The method by which the upper cross plate 6 and the lower cross plate 19 are respectively clamped by the upper fixture 1 and the lower fixture 20 of the testing machine is specifically as follows: The upper cross plate 6 and the tensile rods at the top of the lower cross plate 19 are respectively horizontally clamped at the jaws of the upper fixture 1 and the lower fixture 20.

[0083] The connection method between the steel wire rope 17 and the slider 15 is specifically as follows: The steel wire rope 17 is fixedly connected to the slider by a wire locking device 5.

[0084] The specific usage process of the multifunctional biaxial tensile device in this embodiment is as follows:

[0085] When the upper fixture 1 is pulled upward by force, the steel wire rope 17 drives the slider 15 to slide towards the end of the lower cross plate 19 through the fixation of the wire locking device 5.

[0086] Embodiment 2

[0087] Combined with Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figure 3 And Figure 4 As shown in, this embodiment provides an equi-biaxial symmetric tensile test method using the multifunctional biaxial tensile device provided in Embodiment 1. The specific process is as follows:

[0088] Clamp the upper cross 6 and the lower cross 19 to the upper fixture 1 and the lower fixture 20 respectively. Clamp the specimen 2 to be tested with the upper clamping plate 12 and the lower clamping plate 13. The steel wire rope 17 is fixedly connected to the corresponding slider 15 through the wire locking device 5, horizontally passes through the pulley 8 and then is fixedly connected to the upper cross plate 19. The steel wire rope 17 can drive the corresponding slider 15 to move outward along the slide rail 16. Therefore, when the upper fixture 1 is pulled upward, the four steel wire ropes 17 can drive the four sliders to move outward along the length direction of the bridge arm where the sliders are located, thereby stretching the specimen.

[0089] Example 3

[0090] Combined with Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, this embodiment provides an equibiaxial asymmetric tensile test method using the multifunctional equibiaxial tensile device provided in Example 1. The specific process is as follows:

[0091] On the basis of Example 2, according to the material test requirements, calculate the target asymmetric tensile ratio and select the pulley set with the corresponding diameter. Loosen the bolt 22, remove the symmetric pulley 8 on the bracket 10, disassemble the original symmetric pulley 8, and install the pulley with the preset diameter to the corresponding bracket 10 through the mandrel 9 to ensure that the pulley meshes with the steel wire rope without deviation.

[0092] A multifunctional equibiaxial tensile device disclosed in this embodiment realizes high-precision, easy-to-operate, and multifunctional biaxial tensile testing by adopting the combination of a linear drive unit and a pulley system, and is suitable for the mechanical property research of various materials such as soft materials and biological materials.

[0093] The above specific implementation manners are used to explain and illustrate the present invention, rather than to limit the present invention. Any modification and change made within the spirit and protection scope of the claims of the present invention fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0094] The above is only a preferred implementation manner of the present invention. Therefore, any equivalent changes or modifications made according to the structures, features, and principles described in the scope of the present invention patent application are included in the scope of the present invention patent application.

Claims

1. A multifunctional equibiaxial stretching device, characterized in that: The invention comprises a testing machine, an upper cross plate (6), a lower cross plate (19), a stretching assembly, a gyroscope sensor (3) and a displacement sensor (11); the upper cross plate (6) and the lower cross plate (19) are clamped by an upper clamp (1) and a lower clamp (20) of the testing machine respectively; the upper cross plate (6) and the lower cross plate (19) are arranged in parallel and spaced apart, and the plate walls of the upper cross plate (6) and the lower cross plate (19) are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence and aligned arrangement, and a group of stretching assemblies is arranged between each group of correspondingly aligned plate walls, and the stretching assemblies are used to apply a stretching force to the sample (2), and the stretching force applied by each group of stretching assemblies is along the The stretching assembly is provided with a displacement sensor (11) for collecting the stretching distance; a gyroscope sensor (3) is arranged at the center of each of the upper cross plate (6) and the lower cross plate (19); the stretching forces in the four directions are equal in magnitude, and the multifunctional equibiaxial stretching device is used to realize an equibiaxial symmetrical stretching test; or, the stretching forces in the parallel directions are equal in magnitude, and the stretching forces in the orthogonal directions are different in magnitude, and the multifunctional equibiaxial stretching device is used to realize an equibiaxial asymmetrical stretching test.

2. The multifunctional equibiaxial stretching device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each group of stretching components mainly consists of a pulley (8), a slider (15), a steel wire rope (17) and a fixing component; the pulley (8) and the slider (15) are arranged in sequence from the far end to the near end above the plate wall of the lower cross plate (19); the pulley (8) is detachably mounted on the plate wall; the slider (15) is slidably connected to the plate wall; a fixing component is installed at the near end of the slider (15) for clamping and fixing the sample (2); the far end of the slider (15) is connected to one end of the steel wire rope (17); the other end of the steel wire rope (17) passes through the pulley (8) and is connected to the corresponding plate arm of the upper cross plate (6); a displacement sensor (11) is installed on the slider (15); the displacement sensor (11) can collect the displacement of the slider where it is located as the stretching distance.

3. The multifunctional equibiaxial stretching device according to claim 2, characterized in that: For the four groups of stretching components, the diameters of the four pulleys (8) are the same, so that the stretching forces in the four directions are the same, and the multifunctional equibiaxial stretching device is used to achieve biaxial symmetrical stretching; or, the diameters of the pulleys (8) on the relative bridge arms are the same, and the diameters of the pulleys (8) on the asymmetric bridge arms are different, so that the stretching forces in the parallel directions are the same, and the stretching forces in the orthogonal directions are different, and the multifunctional equibiaxial stretching device is used to achieve biaxial asymmetric stretching.

4. The multifunctional equibiaxial stretching device according to claim 3, characterized in that: When the multifunctional equibiaxial stretching device is used to achieve biaxial asymmetric stretching, the diameter ratio of the pulleys (8) on the asymmetric bridge arms is consistent with the target asymmetric tension ratio.

5. The multifunctional equibiaxial stretching device according to claim 2, characterized in that: For the four sets of tensioning components, the connection points of the four steel wire ropes (17) and the corresponding plate arms of the upper cross plate (6) are evenly distributed on the same circumference.

6. The multifunctional equibiaxial stretching device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The fixing component comprises an upper clamping plate (12), a lower clamping plate (13) and a sliding connection plate (14); the sliding connection plate (14) is mounted on a sliding block (15), the lower clamping plate (13) is mounted above the sliding connection plate (14), and the upper clamping plate (12) is detachably mounted above the lower clamping plate (13); the upper clamping plate (12) and the lower clamping plate (13) are used to fix the sample (2) by clamping the edge portion of the sample (2).

7. The multifunctional equibiaxial stretching device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A first stretching rod is detachably connected to the center of the top of the upper cross plate (6), and the first stretching rod can match the upper clamp (1) of the testing machine; a second stretching rod is detachably connected to the center of the bottom of the lower cross plate (19), and the second stretching rod can match the lower clamp (20) of the testing machine; the detachable connection method is a threaded connection.

8. The multifunctional equibiaxial stretching device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The testing machine is equipped with a temperature control box and / or an optical measurement system.

9. A multifunctional equibiaxial stretching test method using the multifunctional equibiaxial stretching device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The invention comprises an equal biaxial symmetrical stretching method, specifically: keeping the diameters of the four pulleys (8) the same, clamping and fixing the sample (2) by an upper clamping plate (12) and a lower clamping plate (13), and stretching the upper cross plate (6) upwards with a testing machine; and an equal biaxial asymmetrical stretching method, specifically: taking the target asymmetrical tension ratio as the diameter ratio of adjacent pulleys (8), selecting two groups of pulleys (8) with corresponding diameter ratios, and arranging each group of pulleys (8) with the same diameter ratio on the opposite bridge arms of the lower cross plate (19); clamping and fixing the sample (2) by an upper clamping plate (12) and a lower clamping plate (13), and stretching the upper cross plate (6) upwards with a testing machine.

10. The multifunctional equibiaxial tensile test method according to claim 9, characterized in that: The sample (2) is a composite material, plastic, elastomer, etc.

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