Device and method for preparing flexible transparent conductive film through force-heat and air-space coupling

Abstract

The invention discloses a device and a method for preparing a flexible transparent conductive film through force-heat and air-space coupling. The device comprises a flowing water conveying mechanism, a light absorption layer spraying mechanism, a flowing water generating mechanism, an optical element, a GO coating device and the like. A film to be processed and a momentum transmission layer film are attached at the same speed through the acting force of water flow, a beam of pulse laser is adjusted into mixed pulse laser through an optical element, and light beams larger than 900 nanometers are absorbed by a coating light absorption layer to generate plasma expansion impact force. Light beams of 300-900 nanometers penetrate through the light absorption layer and the momentum transmission layer to act on the flexible conductive thin film to generate a plasmon heat effect, so that welding and flattening of the spatially discrete metal nanowires are realized, and the conductivity and stability of the metal nanowires are enhanced; and the GO coating covers the surface of the metal nanowire to form a protective layer, so that the corrosion resistance, the stability and the conductivity of the metal nanowire are improved, and the reliability of the film is further enhanced. The device has wide popularization value and application prospect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of thin film production, and relates to a device and method for preparing a flexible transparent conductive thin film by simultaneous spatio-temporal coupling of force and heat, and more specifically to a device and method for roll-to-roll laser impact force and heating simultaneous spatio-temporal coupling to manufacture a flexible transparent conductive thin film. Background Art

[0002] Transparent conductive films (TCFs) with high conductivity and high transparency are an essential part of the development of electronic information devices such as smart phones, touch screens, flat panel displays, and e-readers. Currently, the most widely used choice in the electronics industry is indium tin oxide (ITO). However, the preparation of ITO generally requires high vacuum and high temperature conditions. At the same time, due to the scarcity of indium and its brittle nature, its application in next-generation devices has certain limitations, especially for flexible electronic devices. Therefore, new conductive materials for replacing ITO have been proposed, such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, and metal nanostructures, including metal nanowires, metal nanogrids, and ultrathin metal films. Among them, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and metal nanogrids all require relatively complex preparation processes and equipment, with high costs. The problem of thickness control of ultrathin metal films has not been properly solved, and their performance is poor. In comparison, metal nanowires are considered to be a favorable material for replacing ITO due to their high conductivity, high transparency, suitability for low-cost printing, and flexibility. The welding of metal nanowire networks can improve the conduction ability between different nanowires, enhance the conductivity of the nanowire network and its stability under fatigue loads in flexible scenarios, which is a necessary step in the production of metal nanowire transparent conductive thin films. However, there is a phenomenon of random distribution of nanowires during the laying process of metal nanowire networks, resulting in the situation where two or more nanowires do not actually contact each other. This not only increases the surface roughness but also makes it difficult to achieve welding under the action of pulsed photothermal effects, affecting the comprehensive electrical, optical, and mechanical properties of the thin film, which is a technical problem that needs to be urgently solved by those skilled in the art.

[0003] In addition, during the application of laser impact force, it is necessary to lay a transparent constraint layer and a momentum transfer layer, and the force is transmitted through the close fit of the momentum transfer layer and the nanowires; in the roll-to-roll production line mode, the surface of the metal nanowire transparent thin film to be processed moves at a high speed. If there is a relative displacement with the momentum transfer layer or the transparent constraint layer, the metal nanowire structure will be frictionally damaged, resulting in functional damage; moreover, the momentum transfer layer and the transparent constraint layer must be applied with high efficiency, high reliability, low cost, and high precision to meet the requirements of low-cost roll-to-roll production line applications. This makes the current laser force-heat coupling welding technology unable to achieve large-scale and high-efficiency mass production applications. Therefore, it is necessary to solve the problem of how to simultaneously apply pulsed laser impact force and pulsed laser thermal effect in roll-to-roll high-efficiency production line processing and manufacturing. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a device and method for preparing a flexible transparent conductive film by force-thermal simultaneous spatio-temporal coupling in view of the problems existing in the prior art.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A device for preparing a flexible transparent conductive film by force-thermal simultaneous spatio-temporal coupling includes a first water flow conveying mechanism for conveying a flexible transparent conductive film coated with a metal nanowire layer; a second water flow conveying mechanism for conveying a momentum transfer layer; at least one region where the first water flow conveying mechanism and the second water flow conveying mechanism are close to each other, so that at least one region where the flexible transparent conductive film and the momentum transfer layer are close to each other in contact. An absorbent layer spraying mechanism is provided upstream of the second water flow conveying mechanism. The absorbent layer spraying mechanism is used to generate a carbon black particle spray to deposit a carbon black absorbent layer on the momentum transfer layer; a water flow generating mechanism is provided on one side of the second water flow conveying mechanism. The water flow generating mechanism forms a water layer in the contact region; a beam scanning element is also provided on one side of the second water flow conveying mechanism. The beam scanning element is used to form a mixed beam outgoing light directed at the contact region. A GO spraying mechanism and a low-temperature drying mechanism are provided on the side of the first water flow conveying mechanism facing the front of the flexible transparent conductive film for spraying a GO coating on the flexible transparent conductive film.

[0006] The device of the present invention can be preferably applied to the high-efficiency and high-performance production and manufacturing of flexible transparent conductive films. By using an optical beam splitting medium or a nonlinear element, a single pulsed laser beam is split into two beams to generate a near-infrared laser and a visible light laser with controllable intensities, which are respectively applied to the laser impact effect and the laser thermal effect; the sprayed carbon black absorbent layer can absorb the near-infrared laser and transmit the visible light laser; the top-down water flow constraint driven by gravitational potential energy realizes the laser impact effect in a constrained state; the synergistic effect of the water flow force on the film and the self-tension of the roll-to-roll film realizes the close contact between the laser impact effect momentum transfer layer and the metal nanowires to be processed on the transparent flexible film; the near-infrared laser directly acts on the carbon black absorbent layer to generate a plasma expansion effect, thereby generating a laser impact force, and under the constraint of the transparent water flow, the laser impact force is enhanced and prolonged; the transmitted visible light laser generates a thermal effect, and under the coupling effect, a plasmon local heating effect is generated, and finally the welding effect of spatially discrete nanowires at the nodes is realized, reducing the surface roughness of the metal nanowire film for subsequent coating enhancement of two-dimensional materials.

[0007] Further, the first flowing water conveying mechanism includes a first driving wheel and a first driven wheel, and a plurality of first turning wheels arranged between the first driving wheel and the first driven wheel along the conveying direction; the second flowing water conveying mechanism includes a second driving wheel and a second driven wheel, and a plurality of second turning wheels arranged between the second driving wheel and the second driven wheel along the conveying direction; the area between a pair of the first turning wheels corresponds to the area between a pair of the second turning wheels and forms the fitting area.

[0008] Further, the metal nanowire layer is coated on the front surface of the flexible transparent conductive film, the GO coating is also sprayed on the front surface of the flexible transparent conductive film, and the front surface of the flexible transparent conductive film faces the momentum transfer layer in the fitting area.

[0009] Further, the distance between the flexible transparent conductive film and the momentum transfer layer does not exceed 20 microns in the fitting area, the thickness of the momentum transfer layer does not exceed 1 mm, and the momentum transfer layer can transmit light with a wavelength less than 900 nm.

[0010] Further, the particle size of the carbon black particle spray is 20 - 100 nm, the concentration is 1% - 3%, and the thickness of the formed carbon black light absorption layer is less than 5 microns, which is used to absorb the impact force to form light output and transmit the light output through heating.

[0011] Further, the device further includes a beam splitting element or a nonlinear element, which adjusts a pulsed laser beam into a mixed pulsed laser beam including the light formed by the impact force and the heating light, and the mixed pulsed laser beam is introduced into the beam scanning element to form the output of the mixed beam, and the pulse width of the pulsed laser is less than 10 ms.

[0012] Further, the GO spraying mechanism sprays a GO isopropanol solution with a concentration of 0.5% w / v on the front surface of the flexible transparent conductive film, and the spray particle size of the GO isopropanol solution is 5 - 20 microns.

[0013] Further, the low-temperature drying mechanism is located downstream of the GO spraying mechanism, and the drying temperature is 45 - 60 °C to obtain a GO coating with the required thickness.

[0014] A method for preparing a flexible transparent conductive film by force-thermal simultaneous spatio-temporal coupling, the method uses the device for preparing a flexible transparent conductive film by force-thermal simultaneous spatio-temporal coupling as described above, and the method includes the following steps: Arrange the flexible transparent conductive film coated with a metal nanowire layer on the first water flow conveying mechanism, with the metal nanowire layer on the front side of the flexible transparent conductive film; arrange the momentum transfer layer on the second water flow conveying mechanism, with the front side of the flexible transparent conductive film facing the momentum transfer layer, and the fitting area is provided between the flexible transparent conductive film and the momentum transfer layer; Turn on the light-absorbing layer spraying mechanism to generate a carbon black particle spray, and deposit the carbon black light-absorbing layer on the momentum transfer layer before reaching the fitting area; Turn on the water flow generating mechanism to wash the fitting area to form a water layer with a certain thickness; Adjust a pulsed laser beam into a mixed pulsed laser beam containing impact light and heating light. The mixed pulsed laser beam forms the output of the mixed beam through a beam scanning element. In the output of the mixed beam, the impact light enters the carbon black light-absorbing layer from the front side of the water layer and is absorbed to generate plasma expansion under water confinement, thereby generating an impact force. The heating light in the output of the mixed beam passes through the carbon black light-absorbing layer and the momentum transfer layer and acts on the front side of the flexible transparent conductive film to generate a heating effect; the impact force acts on the metal nanowire layer and is coupled with the heating effect in space and time to realize the welding of spatially staggered nanowires; Turn on the GO spraying mechanism to spray the GO coating on the welded metal nanowire layer; turn on the low-temperature drying mechanism to dry the GO coating; under the transportation conditions of the first water flow conveying mechanism and the second water flow conveying mechanism, complete the processing of the entire flexible transparent conductive film.

[0015] Further, the method further includes the step of adjusting the spot size and spot scanning trajectory of the pulsed laser.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. The device for preparing the flexible transparent conductive film by force-thermal simultaneous spatio-temporal coupling can be well applied to the high-efficiency and high-performance production and manufacturing of flexible transparent conductive films. The laser shock effect under constraint is realized by the water flow constraint from top to bottom driven by gravitational potential energy. The close fitting of the laser shock effect momentum transfer layer and the metal nanowires to be processed on the transparent flexible film is realized by the synergistic action of the force of the water flow on the film and the self-tension of the roll-to-roll film. The near-infrared laser directly acts on the carbon black light-absorbing layer to generate a plasma expansion effect, thereby generating a laser impact force. Under the constraint of the transparent water flow, the laser impact force is enhanced and extended. The transmitted visible light laser generates a thermal effect, and a plasmon local heating effect is generated under the coupling action. Finally, the welding effect of the spatially discrete nanowires at the nodes is realized, and the surface roughness of the metal nanowire film is reduced for the subsequent coating enhancement of two-dimensional materials; 2. The device for preparing the flexible transparent conductive film by force-thermal simultaneous spatio-temporal coupling uses the first water flow conveying mechanism and the second water flow conveying mechanism to realize the roll-to-roll film assembly line type conveying, and conveys the flexible transparent conductive film and the momentum transfer layer to a suitable position for processing. Such a setting is conducive to continuous and batch production and processing; at the same time, it can also adjust the running speed, conveying direction and tension degree of each film to meet the requirements of film production and processing; 3. The GO spraying mechanism and the low-temperature drying mechanism can form a GO coating on the flexible transparent conductive film after welding. The GO coating forms a uniform film to isolate the external environment, prevent harmful gases from contacting the metal nanowire layer, provide a protective layer for the metal nanowire layer, prevent oxidation and sulfidation, and maintain the performance of the metal nanowire layer; 4. In this method, the carbon black light-absorbing layer is sprayed to absorb part of the beam in a certain wavelength band of the pulsed hybrid laser adjusted by the optical element to generate a plasma expansion impact force, and part of the beam in a certain wavelength band is transmitted to generate a laser plasmon thermal effect, which solves the problem of relative displacement between the momentum transfer layer and the transparent conductive film in the roll-to-roll large-area manufacturing, stably realizes the force-thermal coupling composite manufacturing, shortens the distance between adjacent nanowires, reduces the virtual overlap phenomenon, strengthens the heating effect, and realizes the highly reliable welding operation of spatially staggered nanowires. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 FIG. is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a device for preparing a flexible transparent conductive film by force-thermal simultaneous spatio-temporal coupling according to the present invention; Figure 2 FIG. is a schematic diagram of a pulsed laser beam passing through beam splitting or nonlinear conversion according to the present invention Figure 3 FIG. is a schematic diagram of the simultaneous spatio-temporal action of the impact force and the plasmon laser heating according to the present invention; Figure 4It is a comparison diagram of the relative positions and welding effects of nanowires before, during, and after the implementation of this method. Among them, (a) is a schematic diagram of the position of the nanowires before the implementation of this method, (b) is a schematic diagram of the approaching of the nanowires during the instantaneous process of the implementation of this method, and (c) is a schematic diagram of the welding state of the nanowires after the implementation of this method; In the figure: 100, the direction of gravity; 101, flexible transparent conductive film (coated with a metal nanowire layer); 102, the first driving wheel; 103, the first steering wheel; 104, the first driven wheel; 105, the momentum transfer layer; 106, the second driving wheel; 107, the second driven wheel; 108, the light-absorbing layer spraying mechanism; 109, carbon black particle spray; 110, carbon black light-absorbing layer; 111, water flow generating mechanism; 112, water layer; 113, impact force forming light; 114, heating light; 115, beam scanning element; 116, impact force forming light output; 117, heating light output; 118, GO spraying device; 119, GO solution spray; 120, low-temperature drying device; 121, pulsed laser; 122, plasma expansion. Specific implementation mode

[0018] Next, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

[0019] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "middle", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation of the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", etc. are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance. Embodiment 1

[0020] As Figures 1 to 3 shown, a device for simultaneously preparing a flexible transparent conductive film by force and heat coupling in space and time includes a first water flow conveying mechanism for conveying a flexible transparent conductive film 101 coated with a metal nanowire layer; a second water flow conveying mechanism for conveying a momentum transfer layer 105; at least one region where the first water flow conveying mechanism and the second water flow conveying mechanism are close to each other, so that at least one region where the flexible transparent conductive film 101 and the momentum transfer layer 105 are close to each other and fit together; Upstream of the second water flow conveying mechanism, there is a light-absorbing layer spraying mechanism 108, which is used to generate a carbon black particle spray 109 and deposit a carbon black light-absorbing layer 110 on the momentum transfer layer 105; on one side of the second water flow conveying mechanism, there is a water flow generating mechanism 111, which forms a water layer 112 in the bonding area; on one side of the second water flow conveying mechanism, there is also a beam scanning element 115, which is used to form a mixed beam output directed towards the bonding area. On one side of the first water flow conveying mechanism located on the front side of the flexible transparent conductive film 101, there are a GO spraying mechanism 118 and a low-temperature drying mechanism 120, which are used to spray a GO coating on the flexible transparent conductive film 101.

[0021] The device for preparing the flexible transparent conductive film by force-thermal simultaneous spatio-temporal coupling utilizes the first water flow conveying mechanism and the second water flow conveying mechanism to realize roll-to-roll film assembly line type conveying, and conveys the flexible transparent conductive film 101 and the momentum transfer layer 105 to appropriate positions for processing. Such a setting is conducive to continuous and batch production and processing; at the same time, it can also adjust the running speed, conveying direction and tension degree of each film to meet the requirements of film production and processing.

[0022] The light-absorbing layer spraying mechanism 108 can form a required light-absorbing layer on the momentum transfer layer 105. The water flow generating mechanism 111 can wash the bonding area between the flexible transparent conductive film 101 and the momentum transfer layer 105 to form a water layer 112 with a certain thickness. The water layer can enhance and extend the laser impact force, which is beneficial to improving the laser impact effect. The GO spraying mechanism 118 and the low-temperature drying mechanism 120 can form a GO coating on the flexible transparent conductive film 101 after welding.

[0023] Among them, GO (Graphene Oxide) refers to graphene oxide, which is a derivative of graphene. Oxygen-containing functional groups such as hydroxyl groups and carboxyl groups are introduced on the basis of graphene, so that it contains a large number of oxygen-containing functional groups and exhibits different physical and chemical properties from graphene.

[0024] The GO coating forms a uniform film to isolate the external environment, prevent harmful gases from contacting the metal nanowire layer, provide a protective layer for the metal nanowire layer, prevent oxidation and sulfidation, and maintain the performance of the metal nanowire layer; low-temperature drying helps to remove solvents, ensure the stability, uniformity of the coating and does not damage the structure or performance of the nanowires. In addition, drying under low-temperature conditions can avoid coating degradation or nanowire deformation caused by high temperature, ensuring long-term stable protection.

[0025] The device for preparing flexible transparent conductive films by simultaneous spatio-temporal coupling of force and heat can be well applied to the high-efficiency and high-performance production and manufacturing of flexible transparent conductive films. By using an optical spectroscopic medium or a nonlinear element, a pulsed laser beam is split into two beams to generate a near-infrared laser and a visible light laser with controllable intensities, which are respectively applied to the laser impact effect and the laser thermal effect. The sprayed carbon black light-absorbing layer can absorb the near-infrared laser and transmit the visible light laser. The water flow from top to bottom driven by gravitational potential energy realizes the laser impact effect under constraint. The synergistic action of the force of the water flow on the film and the self-tension of the roll-to-roll film realizes the close fitting of the laser impact effect momentum transfer layer and the metal nanowires to be processed on the transparent flexible film. The near-infrared laser directly acts on the carbon black light-absorbing layer to generate a plasma expansion effect, thus generating a laser impact force. Under the constraint of the transparent water flow, the laser impact force is enhanced and extended. The transmitted visible light laser generates a thermal effect, and under the coupling action, a plasmon local heating effect is generated, finally realizing the welding effect of spatially discrete nanowires at the nodes, reducing the surface roughness of the metal nanowire film for subsequent coating enhancement of two-dimensional materials.

[0026] Further, the first water flow conveying mechanism includes a first driving wheel 102 and a first driven wheel 104, and a plurality of first turning wheels 103 arranged between the first driving wheel 102 and the first driven wheel 104 along the water flow conveying direction; the second water flow conveying mechanism includes a second driving wheel 106 and a second driven wheel 107, and a plurality of second turning wheels arranged between the second driving wheel 106 and the second driven wheel 107 along the water flow conveying direction; the area between a pair of the first turning wheels 103 corresponds to the area between a pair of the second turning wheels and forms the fitting area.

[0027] The flexible transparent conductive film 101 is laid on the first driving wheel 102, a plurality of first turning wheels 103 and the first driven wheel 104, and the momentum transfer layer 105 is laid on the second driving wheel 106, a plurality of second turning wheels and the second driven wheel 107. Through the arrangement of these driving wheels, driven wheels and turning wheels, the flexible transparent conductive film 101 and the momentum transfer layer 105 can be smoothly and continuously conveyed synchronously. At the same time, the conveying speed, conveying direction and tightness of the flexible transparent conductive film 101 or the momentum transfer layer 105 can be adjusted, and a mutually parallel and corresponding fitting area can be formed in the gravity direction after turning.

[0028] Further, the metal nanowire layer is coated on the front side of the flexible transparent conductive film 101, the GO coating is also sprayed on the front side of the flexible transparent conductive film 101, and the front side of the flexible transparent conductive film 101 faces the momentum transfer layer 105 in the fitting area.

[0029] With such a setting, the metal nanowire layer can be made to be close to the momentum transfer layer 105, and at the same time, the adverse effects of the wheels on the metal nanowire layer during the transportation of the flexible transparent conductive film can be avoided. The metal nanowire layer is a metal nanowire network, and there is a situation of random distribution of nanowires during the laying process of the metal nanowire network. The present device and method are to improve the welding performance and effect of these nanowires.

[0030] Further, the distance between the flexible transparent conductive film 101 and the momentum transfer layer 105 does not exceed 20 microns at the bonding area, so that the two are as closely bonded as possible. The thickness of the momentum transfer layer does not exceed 1 mm. The momentum transfer layer 105 can transmit light with a wavelength less than 900 nm, such as some transparent ultra-thin ceramic materials.

[0031] Further, the particle size of the carbon black particle spray is 20 - 100 nm, the concentration is 1% - 3%, and the thickness of the formed carbon black light absorption layer is less than 5 microns, so as to absorb the impact force to form light output light 116 (light with a wavelength greater than 900 nm) and transmit the heating light output light 117 (light with a wavelength between 300 - 800 nm). In this way, the impact force can form light output light and heating light output light to reach the required positions and play corresponding roles.

[0032] Further, the device further includes a beam splitting element or a non-linear element. The beam splitting element or the non-linear element adjusts a pulsed laser beam into a mixed pulsed laser beam including impact force forming light 113 (incoming light) and heating light 114 (incoming light). The mixed pulsed laser beam is introduced into the beam scanning element 115 to form the mixed beam output light. The mixed beam output light includes impact force forming light output light 116 and heating light output light 117. These output lights irradiate on the bonding area, and the pulse width of the pulsed laser is less than 10 ms.

[0033] The beam scanning element 115 can generate the impact force forming light output light and the heating light output light required for processing on one side of the second water flow conveying mechanism at the same time, avoiding the need to set a beam scanning element at the first water flow conveying mechanism, making the structure of the whole device simpler, and enabling the impact force and heating to be coupled in the same space-time.

[0034] Further, the GO spraying mechanism 118 sprays a GO isopropanol solution (GO solution spray 119) on the front surface of the flexible transparent conductive film 101, and its concentration is 0.5% w / v. The spray particle size of the GO isopropanol solution is 5 - 20 microns.

[0035] Further, the low-temperature drying mechanism 120 is located downstream of the GO spraying mechanism 118, and the drying temperature is 45 - 60 °C (preferably 50 °C) to obtain a GO coating with the required thickness, such as a 50-nm-thick GO coating. Example 2

[0036] This example provides a method for preparing a flexible transparent conductive film by force-thermal spatio-temporal coupling. The method uses the device for preparing a flexible transparent conductive film by force-thermal spatio-temporal coupling in Example 1. The method includes the following steps: Arrange the flexible transparent conductive film coated with a metal nanowire layer on the first water flow conveying mechanism, and the metal nanowire layer is on the front side of the flexible transparent conductive film; arrange the momentum transfer layer on the second water flow conveying mechanism, the front side of the flexible transparent conductive film faces the momentum transfer layer, and the fitting area is provided between the flexible transparent conductive film and the momentum transfer layer; Start and control the first water flow conveying mechanism and the second water flow conveying mechanism to make the linear velocities of the flexible transparent conductive film and the momentum transfer layer consistent in the fitting area; Turn on the light-absorbing layer spraying mechanism to generate a carbon black particle spray with a particle size of 20 - 100 nanometers and a concentration of 1% - 3%. Deposit it on the momentum transfer layer before reaching the fitting area (such as before the first second turning wheel on the second water flow conveying mechanism) to form at least one layer of the carbon black light-absorbing layer with a thickness less than 5 microns; Turn on the water flow generating mechanism to wash the fitting area. At the same time, adjust the tension between the flexible transparent conductive film and the momentum transfer layer with the carbon black light-absorbing layer and the tightness in the fitting area to form a water layer with a certain thickness, such as 0.1 - 50 mm; Adjust a pulsed laser beam into a mixed pulsed laser beam containing impact-forming light and heating light. The mixed pulsed laser beam forms the output of the mixed beam (including the output of impact-forming light and heating light) through the beam scanning element. The output of the impact-forming light enters the carbon black light-absorbing layer from the front side of the water layer, is absorbed to generate plasma expansion under water confinement, thereby generating an impact force. The output of the heating light passes through the carbon black light-absorbing layer and the momentum transfer layer and acts on the front side of the flexible transparent conductive film to generate a heating effect; the impact force is enhanced and extended under water layer confinement and acts on the metal nanowire layer through the momentum transfer layer, and is coupled with the heating effect in a simultaneous spatio-temporal manner to realize the welding of spatially staggered nanowires; Turn on the GO spraying mechanism to spray a GO coating with a certain thickness on the welded metal nanowire layer; turn on the low-temperature drying mechanism to dry the GO coating at a drying temperature of 50 degrees Celsius to remove the used solvent to ensure that the GO coating can be cured into a uniform film without leaving solvent residues; Under the transportation conditions of the first water flow conveying mechanism and the second water flow conveying mechanism, complete the processing of the entire flexible transparent conductive film.

[0037] Further, the method further includes the step of adjusting the spot size and the spot scanning trajectory of the pulsed laser.

[0038] Compared with the traditional single-pulse light heating, this method can achieve the plasmon heating effect of metal nanowires that are spatially discretely separated under the pressing action of the pulsed light impact force, better process the flexible transparent conductive film attached to the spatially discretely separated metal nanowires, enhance its conductivity and reduce its surface roughness, providing a basis for reliable high-performance applications; compared with the existing laser welding method, the roll-to-roll film tension and the water flow scouring force are used to realize the bonding between two films. After irradiating the pulsed light with beam splitting or non-linear conversion, the plasma expansion impact force is enhanced and extended through the water layer to achieve the roll-to-roll high-efficiency pipeline laser shock pressure thermal welding effect, with high production efficiency and realizing large-scale application.

[0039] Specifically, as Figures 1 - 3 shown, 100 is the direction of gravity, vertically downward. There is a bonding area where the flexible transparent conductive film 101 and the momentum transfer layer 105 approach each other in the direction of gravity. The flexible transparent conductive film 101 made of polyimide material coated with metal nanowires is transported in a pipeline through the first driving wheel 102, the first turning wheel 103, and the first driven wheel 104, with the metal nanowires coated on the outer side, that is, the right side in the figure; the thin transparent ceramic material momentum transfer layer 105 is transported in a pipeline through the second driving wheel 106, the second turning wheel, and the second driven wheel 107; before passing through the second turning wheel, the light-absorbing layer spraying mechanism 108 is turned on to generate a carbon black particle spray 109 with a particle size of 20 - 100 nanometers and a concentration of 1% - 3%, and a carbon black light-absorbing layer 110 with a thickness less than 5 micrometers is deposited on the surface of the momentum transfer layer; the water flow generating mechanism 111 scours the bonding area between the flexible transparent conductive film 101 and the metal aluminum film momentum transfer layer 105, and at the same time adjusts the tension of the two films to achieve the tight bonding of the two films and form a water layer 112 with a certain thickness; a pulsed laser beam (113, 114) of a mixed pulsed laser beam of an impact force forming light 113 and a plasmon heating light (the heating light 114) is adjusted through a beam splitting or non-linear element; the mixed pulsed laser beam (113, 114) forms a mixed pulsed laser beam (116, 117) of an impact force forming light output light 116 and a plasmon heating light output light (the heating light output light 117) through the beam scanning element 115 galvanometer. The impact force forming light output light 116 passes through the water layer and is absorbed by the carbon black light-absorbing layer 110 to generate plasma expansion 122 under water confinement. The heating light output light 117 passes through the carbon black light-absorbing layer 110 and the momentum transfer layer 105 to act on the polyimide flexible transparent conductive film (coated with metal nanowires) to generate a thermal effect (see Figure 3); The GO spraying mechanism 118 sprays the GO solution spray 119 on the thin film, and then dries it through the low-temperature drying mechanism 120; realizing the simultaneous spatial and temporal coupling loading of the laser impact force and the plasmon laser heating in the roll-to-roll motion state, generating plasmon local node heating instantaneously by shortening the distance between discrete nanowires through the impact force, and finally realizing the welding and flattening of the nanowires. Adjust the spot size and spot scanning trajectory of the pulsed laser, and at the same time, under the condition of thin film pipeline transportation, realize the processing of the entire thin film. Spraying the GO coating and drying it at low temperature can effectively provide a protective layer for the nanowires, prevent oxidation and sulfidation, and at the same time maintain the performance of the nanowires.

[0040] From Figure 4 It can be seen that for the polyimide flexible transparent conductive thin film processed by this method, adjacent nanowires can be effectively welded together, reducing the virtual connection phenomenon and realizing the highly reliable welding operation of the spatially staggered nanowires. Example 3

[0041] Based on Embodiments 1 and 2, the processing method of the flexible transparent conductive film of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) coated with metal nanowires is as follows: It is transported in a production line through the first driving wheel 102, the first turning wheel 103, and the first driven wheel 104, with the metal nanowires coated on the outside; the thin momentum transfer layer 105 is transported in a production line through the second driving wheel 106, the second turning wheel, and the second driven wheel 107; before passing through the second turning wheel, the light-absorbing layer spraying mechanism 108 is turned on to generate a carbon black particle spray 109 with a particle size of 20 - 100 nanometers and a concentration of 1% - 3%, and a carbon black light-absorbing layer 110 with a thickness less than 5 micrometers is deposited on the surface of the momentum transfer layer; the water flow generating mechanism 111 flushes the joint between the flexible transparent conductive film 101 and the momentum transfer layer 105, and at the same time adjusts the tension of the two to achieve their tight fitting and form a water layer 112 with a certain thickness; a beam of pulsed light is adjusted into a mixed pulsed laser beam (113, 114) of impact force forming light 113 and surface plasmon heating light (the heating light 114) through a spectroscopic or nonlinear element; the mixed pulsed laser beam (113, 114) forms an output light of the impact force forming light 116 and an output light of the surface plasmon heating light (the heating light output 117) through the galvanometer of the beam scanning element 115. The impact force forming light output 116 passes through the water layer and is absorbed by the carbon black light-absorbing layer 110 to generate plasma expansion 122 under water confinement, and the heating light output 117 passes through the carbon black light-absorbing layer 110 and the momentum transfer layer 105 to act on the polyimide flexible transparent conductive film (coated with metal nanowires); the GO spraying mechanism 118 sprays a GO solution spray 119 on the film, and then dries it through the low-temperature drying mechanism 120; realizing the simultaneous spatio-temporal coupling loading of laser impact force and surface plasmon laser heating in the roll-to-roll motion state, generating surface plasmon local node heating instantaneously by shortening the distance between discrete nanowires through the impact force, and finally realizing nanowire welding and flattening. Spraying the GO coating and drying it at low temperature can effectively provide a protective layer for the nanowires to prevent oxidation and sulfidation, while maintaining the performance of the nanowires.

[0042] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, for those of ordinary skill in the art, it can be understood that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A device for preparing a flexible transparent conductive film by mechanical and thermal simultaneous and spatial coupling, characterized in that: The invention comprises a first water conveying mechanism, wherein the first water conveying mechanism is used to convey a flexible transparent conductive film coated with a metal nanowire layer; and a second water conveying mechanism, wherein the second water conveying mechanism is used to convey a momentum transfer layer; and the first water conveying mechanism and the second water conveying mechanism have at least one region close to each other, so that the flexible transparent conductive film and the momentum transfer layer have at least one region close to each other; A light absorbing layer spraying mechanism is provided upstream of the second water flow conveying mechanism, and the light absorbing layer spraying mechanism is used to generate a carbon black particle spray to deposit a carbon black light absorbing layer on the momentum transfer layer; a water flow generating mechanism is provided on one side of the second water flow conveying mechanism, and the water flow generating mechanism forms a water layer in the bonding area; a light beam scanning element is also provided on one side of the second water flow conveying mechanism, and the light beam scanning element is used to form a mixed light beam emitted toward the bonding area; A GO spraying mechanism and a low-temperature drying mechanism are provided on one side of the first water conveying mechanism located on the front side of the flexible transparent conductive film, for spraying a GO coating on the flexible transparent conductive film.

2. The device for preparing a flexible transparent conductive film by mechanical and thermal simultaneous and spatial coupling according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first water flow conveying mechanism includes a first driving wheel and a first driven wheel, and a plurality of first steering wheels arranged between the first driving wheel and the first driven wheel along the conveying direction; the second water flow conveying mechanism includes a second driving wheel and a second driven wheel, and a plurality of second steering wheels arranged between the second driving wheel and the second driven wheel along the conveying direction; wherein the area between a pair of the first steering wheels corresponds to the area between a pair of the second steering wheels and forms the bonding area.

3. The device for preparing a flexible transparent conductive film by mechanical and thermal simultaneous and spatial coupling according to claim 1, characterized in that: The metal nanowire layer is coated on the front side of the flexible transparent conductive film, the GO coating is also sprayed on the front side of the flexible transparent conductive film, and the front side of the flexible transparent conductive film in the bonding area faces the momentum transport layer.

4. The device for preparing a flexible transparent conductive film by mechanical and thermal simultaneous and spatial coupling according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distance between the flexible transparent conductive film and the momentum transport layer is no more than 20 micrometers in the bonding area, the thickness of the momentum transport layer is no more than 1 millimeter, and the momentum transport layer can transmit light with a wavelength less than 900 nanometers.

5. The device for preparing a flexible transparent conductive film by mechanical and thermal simultaneous and spatial coupling according to claim 1, characterized in that: The particle size of the carbon black particle spray is 20 to 100 nanometers, and the concentration is 1% to 3%. The thickness of the formed carbon black light-absorbing layer is less than 5 microns, which is used to absorb impact force to form light and emit light through heating.

6. The device for preparing a flexible transparent conductive film by mechanical and thermal simultaneous and spatial coupling according to claim 1, characterized in that: The device also includes a spectroscopic element or a nonlinear element, which adjusts a pulsed laser beam into a mixed pulsed laser beam containing impact force forming light and heating light. The mixed pulsed laser beam is introduced into the beam scanning element to form the mixed beam output, and the pulse width of the pulsed laser is less than 10 milliseconds.

7. The device for preparing a flexible transparent conductive film by mechanical and thermal simultaneous and spatial coupling according to claim 1, characterized in that: The GO spraying mechanism sprays a GO isopropanol solution onto the front surface of the flexible transparent conductive film, wherein the concentration of the GO isopropanol solution is 0.5% w / v, and the spray particle size of the GO isopropanol solution is 5 to 20 microns.

8. The device for preparing a flexible transparent conductive film by mechanical and thermal simultaneous and spatial coupling according to claim 1, characterized in that: The low-temperature drying mechanism is located downstream of the GO spraying mechanism, and the drying temperature is 45 to 60 degrees Celsius to obtain a GO coating of the desired thickness.

9. A method for preparing a flexible transparent conductive film by mechanical, thermal and spatial coupling, characterized in that: The method uses the device for preparing a flexible transparent conductive film by mechanical and thermal simultaneous and spatial coupling as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, and the method comprises the following steps: Arranging a flexible transparent conductive film coated with a metal nanowire layer on the first water conveying mechanism, wherein the metal nanowire layer is located on the front side of the flexible transparent conductive film; arranging a momentum transfer layer on the second water conveying mechanism, wherein the front side of the flexible transparent conductive film faces the momentum transfer layer, and the flexible transparent conductive film and the momentum transfer layer are provided with the bonding area; Turning on the light absorbing layer spraying mechanism to generate a carbon black particle spray, and depositing the carbon black light absorbing layer on the momentum transfer layer before reaching the laminating area; Turning on the water flow generating mechanism to flush the fitting area to form a water layer of a certain thickness; A pulsed laser beam is adjusted to a mixed pulsed laser beam containing impact force forming light and heating light, the mixed pulsed laser beam is formed into the mixed beam output through a beam scanning element, the impact force forming light output in the mixed beam output is emitted from the front of the water layer into the carbon black light absorbing layer, and is absorbed to generate plasma expansion under water constraint, thereby generating an impact force, and the heating light output in the mixed beam output passes through the carbon black light absorbing layer and the momentum transfer layer to act on the front of the flexible transparent conductive film, generating a heating effect; the impact force acts on the metal nanowire layer, and is coupled with the heating effect in both time and space to achieve the welding of spatially staggered nanowires; Turning on the GO spraying mechanism to spray the GO coating onto the welded metal nanowire layer; The low-temperature drying mechanism is turned on to dry the GO coating; and the processing of the entire flexible transparent conductive film is completed under the transportation conditions of the first water conveying mechanism and the second water conveying mechanism.

10. The method for preparing a flexible transparent conductive film by mechanical and thermal simultaneous and spatial coupling according to claim 9, characterized in that: The method also includes the step of adjusting the spot size and the spot scanning trajectory of the pulse laser.

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