A high-altitude photovoltaic module condition management system

Abstract

The present application belongs to the field of photovoltaic module management, and discloses a high-altitude photovoltaic module state management system, comprising a wireless sensor node, a relay control device and a management device; the relay control device is used for clustering the wireless sensor node, each cluster comprising a cluster head node and a member node; the member node is used for collecting monitoring data of the photovoltaic module and transmitting the monitoring data to the cluster head node; the cluster head node is used for transmitting the monitoring data received from the member node to the relay control device; the relay control device is also used for forwarding the monitoring data received from the cluster head node to the management device; and the management device is used for monitoring the state of the photovoltaic module based on the monitoring data. The present application makes the time interval between two adjacent clusterings of the wireless sensor node more adaptable to the temperature condition of high altitude, and can save the monitoring cost while ensuring the monitoring effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of photovoltaic module management, and more particularly to a high-altitude photovoltaic module status management system. Background Technology

[0002] Using wireless sensor technology to monitor the status of photovoltaic (PV) modules and manage them is a common technique. Typically, at least one sensor node is installed on each PV module, and then these nodes are clustered to form a wireless communication network for data transmission, enabling large-scale monitoring of PV module status. However, existing wireless sensor node clustering methods generally only consider low-altitude areas. The diurnal temperature range at low altitudes is much smaller than at high altitudes. This means that if clustering is performed at fixed intervals in high-altitude areas using the same methods as at low altitudes, it can lead to excessively rapid power consumption and frequent battery replacements, increasing monitoring costs. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to disclose a high-altitude photovoltaic module status management system to solve the technical problems mentioned in the background art.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0005] This invention provides a high-altitude photovoltaic module status management system, including wireless sensor nodes, relay control devices, and management devices;

[0006] The relay control device is used to cluster wireless sensor nodes, with each cluster containing a cluster head node and member nodes;

[0007] Member nodes are used to collect monitoring data from photovoltaic modules and transmit the monitoring data to the cluster head node;

[0008] The cluster head node is used to transmit monitoring data received from member nodes to the relay control device;

[0009] The relay control device is also used to forward monitoring data received from the cluster head node to the management device;

[0010] The management device is used to monitor the status of photovoltaic modules based on monitoring data;

[0011] The wireless sensor nodes are clustered, including:

[0012] Determine whether the validity period of the previous cluster has ended. If so, calculate the validity period of the next cluster based on the temperature. After the validity period of the cluster is calculated, the wireless sensor nodes are clustered. After the clustering is completed, the next clustering cycle begins.

[0013] In this invention, the monitoring data includes the tilt angle of the photovoltaic module and the vibration frequency of the photovoltaic module.

[0014] In this invention, monitoring the status of photovoltaic modules based on monitoring data includes:

[0015] Determine whether the value of the monitored data meets the preset warning conditions; if so, issue a warning.

[0016] In this invention, the calculation of the next cluster validity period based on temperature includes:

[0017] The validity period of the first cluster is the set duration (timlens);

[0018] The validity period of the i-th cluster is timlen i The calculation formula is:

[0019]

[0020] i is greater than or equal to 2, elrf is the power change coefficient of the wireless sensor nodes in ui after the (i-1)th cluster validity period, ui represents the set of wireless sensor nodes, elrm represents the maximum power change of the wireless sensor nodes in set ui after the (i-1)th cluster validity period, dunf represents the forwarding quantity coefficient in the (i-1)th cluster validity period, dnum represents the maximum number of monitoring data forwarded by the wireless sensor nodes in set ui during the (i-1)th cluster validity period, and trsnum represents the maximum number of monitoring data forwarded by the wireless sensor nodes in set ui during the (i-1)th cluster validity period. i-1 trsnuma represents the average number of forwardings of all monitoring data transmitted to the relay control device within the (i-1)th cluster validity period, and temp represents the maximum number of forwardings of all monitoring data transmitted to the relay control device within the (i-1)th cluster validity period. i-1 ηtempst represents the temperature obtained by the relay control device at the end of the validity period of the i-th cluster, and ηtempst represents the set temperature; η1, η2, η3 and η4 are the weights of the change in power, the number of forwardings, the number of forwardings, and the temperature, respectively.

[0021] In this invention, the formula for calculating ELRF is:

[0022]

[0023] nui represents the total number of wireless sensor nodes in the UI, elr j,i-1Let $\frac{j}{i-1}$ be the change in power of wireless sensor node $j$ after the (i-1)th cluster validity period ends.

[0024] elr j,i-1 =elr j,star -elr j,end

[0025] elr j,star To determine the remaining battery power of wireless sensor node j at the beginning of the (i-1)th cluster validity period, elr j,end Let $\frac{1}{i}$ be the remaining power of wireless sensor node $j$ at the end of the (i-1)th cluster validity period.

[0026] In this invention, the formula for calculating dunf is:

[0027]

[0028] dnu j,i-1 This represents the number of monitoring data forwarded by wireless sensor node j within the (i-1)th cluster validity period.

[0029] In this invention, the wireless sensor nodes are clustered, including:

[0030] Calculate the state comparison value for each wireless sensor node;

[0031] Wireless sensor nodes are clustered based on state comparison values.

[0032] In this invention, wireless sensor nodes are clustered based on state comparison values, including:

[0033] First clustering:

[0034] Let ui represent the set of wireless sensor nodes, and get the wireless sensor node nod1 with the highest state comparison value in ui;

[0035] With nod1 as the cluster head node, and all wireless sensor nodes in the UI whose distance from nod1 is less than the communication radius of nod1 as member nodes, cluster clust1 is obtained;

[0036] Remove the wireless sensor node from the UI in clust1;

[0037] h-th clustering:

[0038] Determine if a wireless sensor node exists in the UI. If so, retrieve the nod of the wireless sensor node with the highest state comparison value in the UI. h If not, then stop clustering;

[0039] nod h As a cluster head node, it is related to nod in the UI.h The distance between them is less than nod h All wireless sensor nodes within the communication radius are considered as member nodes, thus obtaining a cluster. h ;

[0040] clustert h The wireless sensor nodes in the UI have been removed.

[0041] h is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2.

[0042] In this invention, after clustering is completed, the relay control device sends the members contained in each cluster to the corresponding wireless sensor node.

[0043] In this invention, member nodes are also used to transmit remaining power to cluster head nodes;

[0044] The cluster head node is also used to transmit the remaining power received from member nodes to the relay control device.

[0045] Beneficial effects:

[0046] In the process of monitoring the status of photovoltaic modules at high altitudes using wireless sensor technology, this invention calculates the cluster validity period based on temperature. This allows the time interval between two adjacent clusters of the wireless sensor node to be better adapted to the temperature conditions at high altitudes. While ensuring the monitoring effect, this invention effectively reduces the battery consumption rate of the wireless sensor node, lowers the battery replacement frequency, and thus saves monitoring costs. Attached Figure Description

[0047] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0048] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a high-altitude photovoltaic module status management system according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0049] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0050] like Figure 1 As shown in one embodiment, the present invention provides a high-altitude photovoltaic module status management system, including wireless sensor nodes, relay control devices, and management devices;

[0051] The relay control device is used to cluster wireless sensor nodes, with each cluster containing a cluster head node and member nodes;

[0052] The relay control device of the present invention can be set at the center of the area where the wireless sensor nodes are located, so as to reduce the number of data forwardings when data is transmitted between each wireless sensor node and the relay control device;

[0053] Member nodes are used to collect monitoring data from photovoltaic modules and transmit the monitoring data to the cluster head node;

[0054] Member nodes can collect monitoring data based on a fixed collection period, such as once every 5 minutes;

[0055] The cluster head node is used to transmit monitoring data received from member nodes to the relay control device;

[0056] The relay control device is also used to forward monitoring data received from the cluster head node to the management device;

[0057] The management device is used to monitor the status of photovoltaic modules based on monitoring data;

[0058] The wireless sensor nodes are clustered, including:

[0059] Determine whether the validity period of the previous cluster has ended. If so, calculate the validity period of the next cluster based on the temperature. After the validity period of the cluster is calculated, the wireless sensor nodes are clustered. After the clustering is completed, the next clustering cycle begins.

[0060] Compared to the clustering cycle at low altitudes, this invention incorporates a temperature parameter into the calculation of the clustering validity period. This allows the clustering validity period to better match the characteristics of large temperature variations at high altitudes, ensuring monitoring effectiveness while reducing power consumption and the frequency of battery replacements, thus saving monitoring costs. Since a battery replacement is required whenever a wireless sensor node runs out of power, the higher the frequency of battery replacements over a certain period, the higher the labor costs associated with battery replacement.

[0061] Furthermore, the cluster head node is also used to collect monitoring data of photovoltaic modules and transmit the collected monitoring data of photovoltaic modules together with the monitoring data received from member nodes to the relay control device.

[0062] In this invention, the monitoring data includes the tilt angle of the photovoltaic module and the vibration frequency of the photovoltaic module.

[0063] Furthermore, photovoltaic modules include photovoltaic panels.

[0064] The tilt angle of photovoltaic (PV) panels directly affects the area and duration of solar radiation they receive. If the tilt angle is too small, the panels may not receive sufficient solar radiation in winter; if the tilt angle is too large, the high solar altitude angle in summer will reduce the amount of radiation. As the tilt angle of the PV panel gradually increases from horizontal (0°), the amount of solar radiation received also increases until it reaches a maximum value. Then, as the tilt angle continues to increase, the amount of radiation gradually decreases. Therefore, by monitoring the tilt angle, an early warning is issued when the tilt angle deviates significantly from the preset angle, allowing maintenance personnel to adjust the tilt angle in a timely manner to ensure power generation efficiency.

[0065] Vibration frequency reflects the stability of photovoltaic modules; a lower vibration frequency indicates greater stability. Therefore, monitoring based on vibration frequency allows for management of the photovoltaic module's condition from another perspective, resulting in better monitoring performance.

[0066] In this invention, monitoring the status of photovoltaic modules based on monitoring data includes:

[0067] Determine whether the value of the monitored data meets the preset warning conditions; if so, issue a warning.

[0068] The warning threshold of the present invention is related to the data type. For example, for tilt angle, the preset warning condition means that the tilt angle is greater than a set first angle (e.g., 45°) or the tilt angle is less than a set second angle (e.g., 20°).

[0069] For vibration frequency, meeting the preset warning conditions means that the vibration frequency is greater than the set frequency threshold (e.g., 20Hz).

[0070] Furthermore, early warnings can be issued via email notifications. Once monitoring data that meets the warning criteria is detected, an email will be automatically generated and sent to a pre-defined email address, including the corresponding photovoltaic module number and location information.

[0071] In this invention, the calculation of the next cluster validity period based on temperature includes:

[0072] The validity period of the first cluster is the set duration (timlens);

[0073] The validity period of the i-th cluster is timlen i The calculation formula is:

[0074]

[0075] i is greater than or equal to 2, elrf is the power change coefficient of the wireless sensor nodes in ui after the (i-1)th cluster validity period, ui represents the set of wireless sensor nodes, elrm represents the maximum power change of the wireless sensor nodes in set ui after the (i-1)th cluster validity period, dunf represents the forwarding quantity coefficient in the (i-1)th cluster validity period, dnum represents the maximum number of monitoring data forwarded by the wireless sensor nodes in set ui during the (i-1)th cluster validity period, and trsnum represents the maximum number of monitoring data forwarded by the wireless sensor nodes in set ui during the (i-1)th cluster validity period. i-1 trsnuma represents the average number of forwardings of all monitoring data transmitted to the relay control device within the (i-1)th cluster validity period, and temp represents the maximum number of forwardings of all monitoring data transmitted to the relay control device within the (i-1)th cluster validity period. i-1 ηtempst represents the temperature obtained by the relay control device at the end of the validity period of the i-th cluster, and ηtempst represents the set temperature; η1, η2, η3 and η4 are the weights of the change in power, the number of forwardings, the number of forwardings, and the temperature, respectively.

[0076] The calculation of cluster validity period includes not only parameters related to power changes, but also parameters such as the number of data forwards, the cumulative number of forwards during data transmission, and temperature. This allows for calculation of cluster validity period from multiple perspectives, making the calculated validity period more adaptable to the large diurnal temperature variations at high altitudes. During the daytime, when temperatures are high and photovoltaic modules are operating, a shorter cluster validity period is used to ensure monitoring effectiveness. Conversely, at night when temperatures are lower, a longer cluster validity period is used to reduce clustering intervals, thereby reducing the power consumption of wireless sensor nodes for clustering. Furthermore, by calculating the uniformity of power changes, the uniformity of data forwarding, and the average number of forwards, a shorter cluster validity period can be achieved when power changes, data forwarding, and the average number of forwards are more uneven. This further balances the power consumption rate of each wireless sensor node, extending the effective operating time of the wireless sensor nodes.

[0077] Furthermore, the set duration can be 2 hours.

[0078] Furthermore, member nodes need to forward the collected monitoring data to cluster head nodes, while cluster head nodes need to forward the monitoring data directly to the relay control device or another cluster head node. Therefore, member nodes and cluster head nodes can transmit the amount of monitoring data to be forwarded within the current cluster validity period along with the monitoring data while forwarding it.

[0079] Furthermore, the monitoring data received from the member nodes will be transmitted to the relay control device, including:

[0080] The cluster head node determines whether the relay control device is within its communication range. If so, it transmits the monitoring data that needs to be forwarded to the relay control device. If not, it transmits the monitoring data that needs to be forwarded to another cluster head node that is closer to the relay control device. Remote transmission of monitoring data is achieved through mutual forwarding between cluster head nodes.

[0081] Furthermore, the set temperature is 60°C.

[0082] Furthermore, the weights for changes in electricity volume, number of forwards, number of forwards, and temperature can be 0.2, 0.2, 0.2, and 0.4, respectively.

[0083] In this invention, the formula for calculating ELRF is:

[0084]

[0085] nui represents the total number of wireless sensor nodes in the UI, elr j,i-1 Let $\frac{j}{i-1}$ be the change in power of wireless sensor node $j$ after the (i-1)th cluster validity period ends.

[0086] elr j,i-1 =elr j,star -elr j,end

[0087] elr j,star To determine the remaining battery power of wireless sensor node j at the beginning of the (i-1)th cluster validity period, elr j,end Let $\frac{1}{i}$ be the remaining power of wireless sensor node $j$ at the end of the (i-1)th cluster validity period.

[0088] Furthermore, at the end of the cluster validity period, member nodes transmit the temperature at their location at the end of the cluster validity period to the cluster head node. The cluster head node then transmits the received temperature to the relay control device. The cluster head node not only transmits the temperature from the member nodes to the relay control device but also transmits the temperature at its own location to the relay control device.

[0089] In this invention, the formula for calculating dunf is:

[0090]

[0091] dnu j,i-1 This represents the number of monitoring data forwarded by wireless sensor node j within the (i-1)th cluster validity period.

[0092] Each time the monitoring data is forwarded, the value of the variable used to record the number of forwards is incremented by 1 in the header of the data packet. In this way, when the relay control device receives the monitoring data, it can know how many times the monitoring data has been forwarded in total.

[0093] In this invention, the wireless sensor nodes are clustered, including:

[0094] Calculate the state comparison value for each wireless sensor node;

[0095] Wireless sensor nodes are clustered based on state comparison values.

[0096] By calculating the state comparison value, wireless sensor nodes with better conditions can be selected as cluster head nodes with higher priority, while also balancing the rate of power consumption.

[0097] Furthermore, the formula for calculating the state comparison value is as follows:

[0098]

[0099] stacmpz For the state comparison value of wireless sensor node z, elf z For the remaining battery power of wireless sensor node z, elf full Nunlin represents the battery level of wireless sensor node z when fully charged. z temp is the number of wireless sensor nodes that meet the screening criteria. z λ represents the temperature at the location of the wireless sensor node z; λ1, λ2, and λ3 are the weights in the direction of electrical charge, quantity, and temperature, respectively.

[0100] When calculating the state comparison value, this invention not only considers the conventional power level, but also the temperature and specific screening rules. Therefore, the greater the advantage in three aspects—the remaining power of the wireless sensor node, the number of wireless sensor nodes that meet the screening rules, and the temperature of the location—the greater the state comparison value. By adding a parameter of the type of temperature to the calculation of the state comparison value, the clustering process can be made more in line with the temperature changes at high altitudes, and a more accurate and effective comprehensive state can be obtained to ensure the effectiveness of the selection of cluster head nodes.

[0101] Furthermore, the weights for the electrical quantity direction, the quantity direction, and the temperature direction can be 0.2, 0.4, and 0.4, respectively.

[0102] Furthermore, the process of obtaining the number of wireless sensor nodes that meet the screening rules includes:

[0103] Mark the location of each wireless sensor node on a flat map, connect the wireless sensor node z with the relay control device, and obtain the line segment Lz.

[0104] Use temp z This represents the number of wireless sensor nodes whose distance to Lz is less than an adaptive distance threshold.

[0105] Using line segment Lz, we can more effectively represent the advantage of wireless sensor node z in relaying monitoring data when it is selected as the cluster head node, that is, when temp z The larger the value, the closer the path of the wireless sensor node z to the relay control device is to a straight line through multiple forwardings, and the smaller the cumulative number of forwardings of the monitoring data.

[0106] Furthermore, the process for determining the value of the adaptive distance threshold is as follows:

[0107] Determine whether the current time is between sunrise and sunset times of the day. If so, the distance threshold is four-fifths of the communication radius of the wireless sensor node z; otherwise, the distance threshold is three-fifths of the communication radius of the wireless sensor node z.

[0108] This invention also considers high-altitude conditions when setting the distance threshold. A larger distance threshold is set at higher temperatures, and a smaller distance threshold is set at lower temperatures. This allows the forwarding process of monitoring data to better adapt to the temperature variations at high altitudes. Because air density is generally lower at higher temperatures, atmospheric dust and other particles have less impact on signal transmission, thus enabling wireless sensor nodes to achieve a longer effective transmission distance.

[0109] In this invention, wireless sensor nodes are clustered based on state comparison values, including:

[0110] First clustering:

[0111] Let ui represent the set of wireless sensor nodes, and get the wireless sensor node nod1 with the highest state comparison value in ui;

[0112] With nod1 as the cluster head node, and all wireless sensor nodes in the UI whose distance from nod1 is less than the communication radius of nod1 as member nodes, cluster clust1 is obtained;

[0113] Remove the wireless sensor node from the UI in clust1;

[0114] h-th clustering:

[0115] Determine if a wireless sensor node exists in the UI. If so, retrieve the nod of the wireless sensor node with the highest state comparison value in the UI. h If not, then stop clustering;

[0116] nod h As a cluster head node, it is related to nod in the UI. h The distance between them is less than nod h All wireless sensor nodes within the communication radius are considered as member nodes, thus obtaining a cluster. h ;

[0117] clustert h The wireless sensor nodes in the UI have been removed.

[0118] h is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2.

[0119] The clustering process of this invention differs significantly from existing clustering processes. It does not directly select the top-ranked cluster heads, as this can easily lead to insufficiently dispersed distribution of cluster heads, resulting in an excessive number of clusters and impacting transmission efficiency. Instead, this invention first selects the wireless sensor node with the highest state comparison value as the cluster head, and then obtains the corresponding member nodes based on this cluster head. Next, the wireless sensor nodes contained in the obtained clusters are removed from the UI. This clustering process is repeated until no wireless sensor nodes remain in the UI. This results in a more dispersed distribution of cluster head nodes, avoids an excessive number of clusters, and improves data transmission efficiency.

[0120] In this invention, after clustering is completed, the relay control device sends the members contained in each cluster to the corresponding wireless sensor node.

[0121] The clustering results are distributed by storing the IDs of the members in a set and sending the set and the ID of the cluster head node to the wireless sensor node corresponding to each member in the cluster.

[0122] In this invention, member nodes are also used to transmit remaining power to cluster head nodes;

[0123] The cluster head node is also used to transmit the remaining power received from member nodes to the relay control device.

[0124] The relay control device is also used to transmit the start and end times of the cluster validity period to the wireless sensor node.

[0125] Transmitting the remaining power to the cluster head node includes: at the end of the cluster validity period, the member node transmits the remaining power transmitted at the start and end times of the cluster validity period to the cluster head node;

[0126] The remaining power received from member nodes is transmitted to the relay control device, including:

[0127] The cluster head node transmits its remaining power to the relay control device. The cluster head node not only transmits the remaining power from the member nodes to the relay control device, but also transmits its own remaining power to the relay control device.

[0128] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A high-altitude photovoltaic module status management system, characterized in that, Includes wireless sensor nodes, relay control devices, and management devices; The relay control device is used to cluster wireless sensor nodes, with each cluster containing a cluster head node and member nodes; Member nodes are used to collect monitoring data from photovoltaic modules and transmit the monitoring data to the cluster head node; The cluster head node is used to transmit monitoring data received from member nodes to the relay control device; The relay control device is also used to forward monitoring data received from the cluster head node to the management device; The management device is used to monitor the status of photovoltaic modules based on monitoring data; The wireless sensor nodes are clustered, including: Determine whether the validity period of the previous cluster has ended. If so, calculate the validity period of the next cluster based on the temperature. After the validity period of the cluster is calculated, the wireless sensor nodes are clustered. After the clustering is completed, the next clustering cycle begins. The validity period of the next cluster is calculated based on temperature, including: The validity period of the first cluster is the set duration. ; The validity period of the i-th cluster The calculation formula is: i is greater than or equal to 2, Let be the power change coefficient of the wireless sensor nodes in ui after the (i-1)th cluster validity period, where ui represents the set of wireless sensor nodes. This represents the maximum change in battery power of the wireless sensor nodes in set ui after the (i-1)th cluster validity period ends. This represents the forwarding quantity coefficient during the (i-1)th cluster validity period. This represents the maximum number of monitoring data forwarded by the wireless sensor nodes in set ui during the (i-1)th cluster validity period. This represents the average number of forwardings of all monitoring data transmitted to the relay control device within the (i-1)th cluster validity period. This represents the maximum number of times all monitoring data transmitted to the relay control device is forwarded within the (i-1)th cluster validity period; This represents the temperature obtained by the transfer control device at the end of the validity period of the i-th cluster. Indicates the set temperature; , , and The weights are respectively: the weight of change in power consumption, the weight of the number of forwards, the weight of the number of forwards, and the weight of temperature; The calculation formula is: nui represents the total number of wireless sensor nodes in the UI. Let $\frac{j}{i-1}$ be the change in power of wireless sensor node $j$ after the (i-1)th cluster validity period ends. Let the remaining power of wireless sensor node j be the value at the beginning of the (i-1)th cluster validity period. Let $\frac{1}{i}$ be the remaining battery power of wireless sensor node $j$ at the end of the (i-1)th cluster validity period. The calculation formula is: This represents the number of monitoring data forwarded by wireless sensor node j within the (i-1)th cluster validity period.

2. The high-altitude photovoltaic module status management system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The monitoring data includes the tilt angle of the photovoltaic modules and the vibration frequency of the photovoltaic modules.

3. The high-altitude photovoltaic module status management system according to claim 2, characterized in that, Monitoring the status of photovoltaic modules based on monitoring data includes: Determine whether the value of the monitored data meets the preset warning conditions; if so, issue a warning.

4. The high-altitude photovoltaic module status management system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Clustering of wireless sensor nodes includes: Calculate the state comparison value for each wireless sensor node; Wireless sensor nodes are clustered based on state comparison values.

5. A high-altitude photovoltaic module status management system according to claim 4, characterized in that, Wireless sensor nodes are clustered based on state comparison values, including: First clustering: Let ui represent the set of wireless sensor nodes, and retrieve the wireless sensor node with the highest state comparison value in ui. ; Will As a cluster head node, in the UI... The distance between them is less than All wireless sensor nodes within the communication radius are selected as member nodes to obtain a cluster. ; Will The wireless sensor nodes in the UI have been removed. h-th clustering: Determine if a wireless sensor node exists in the UI. If so, retrieve the wireless sensor node with the highest state comparison value in the UI. If not, then stop clustering; Will As a cluster head node, in the UI... The distance between them is less than All wireless sensor nodes within the communication radius are selected as member nodes to obtain a cluster. ; Will The wireless sensor nodes in the UI have been removed. h is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2.

6. A high-altitude photovoltaic module status management system according to claim 5, characterized in that, After clustering is completed, the relay control device sends the members contained in each cluster to the corresponding wireless sensor node.

7. A high-altitude photovoltaic module status management system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Member nodes are also used to transfer remaining power to the cluster head node; The cluster head node is also used to transmit the remaining power received from member nodes to the relay control device.

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