Method and device for rapidly separating high-value components of waste photovoltaic module based on pyrolysis

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of solid waste recycling, in particular to a pyrolysis-based waste photovoltaic module high-value component rapid separation method and device. The device comprises a preheating unit (10), a crushing unit (20), a pyrolysis unit (30), a superheated steam supply unit (40) and a pyrolysis gas treatment unit (50), the preheating unit (10) is provided with a heating mechanism or is communicated with an external heat source, the crushing unit (20) is provided with a rolling platform (21), the top of the crushing unit (20) is provided with a lifting type roll shaft group, the pyrolysis unit (30) is provided with a heating mechanism and is provided with a first superheated steam leading-in pipe (41), and the superheated steam supply unit (40) is used for producing superheated steam and providing the superheated steam for the pyrolysis unit (30). Compared with a traditional pyrolysis process, the treatment time is shortened by 1 / 2, the separation efficiency is greatly improved, the generation amount of organic wastewater is small, and the tail end treatment load is reduced.

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of solid waste resource utilization, and specifically to a method and device for rapidly separating high-value components of waste photovoltaic modules based on pyrolysis. Background Art

[0002] The proportion of each component in waste photovoltaic modules is approximately: glass 70%, aluminum 18%, adhesive sealant 6%, silicon 5%, silver 1%. Among them, glass, aluminum, silicon, and silver have relatively high recycling value. According to the prediction of relevant industry associations, a large number of waste photovoltaic modules will start to be generated in China in 2025, and the annual production volume of waste photovoltaic modules in China will reach 14 million tons by 2030. The recycling and utilization of waste photovoltaic modules will become an urgent need for the green development of the photovoltaic industry.

[0003] In recent years, with the development and maturity of anaerobic pyrolysis technology, it has gradually emerged in the field of recycling and utilization of waste photovoltaic modules. As early as 2014, Chinese patent document CN103978021A disclosed a method for disassembling, recycling and treating waste crystalline silicon solar panels to achieve the classified recycling of the aluminum frame, tempered glass, silicon wafers, aluminum, silver, and copper of waste crystalline silicon solar panels. First, the waste crystalline silicon solar panel is placed in a closed heating device and heated at a high temperature for 3 hours to completely separate the aluminum alloy frame, copper wire, battery chip and tempered glass. After the heating device cools down, the aluminum alloy frame, copper wire and tempered glass are sorted out for recycling. Chinese patent document CN114833176A discloses a method for comprehensive recycling of all components of waste crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules, which separately treats complete waste photovoltaic modules and incomplete waste photovoltaic modules. For incomplete plates, they are cut into pieces and then subjected to rotary low-temperature vacuum pyrolysis. The pyrolysis reaction is carried out in a closed rotary furnace at a pyrolysis temperature of 300°C and a pyrolysis time of 45 minutes to obtain hydrogen-containing pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis slag. The pyrolysis slag is subjected to eddy current separation to obtain glass slag, solder conductive tape, waste photovoltaic panel fragments and pyrolysis ash slag. The pyrolysis ash slag is subjected to nitric acid leaching to obtain leaching slag and precious metal-containing acid leaching solution. Chinese patent document CN115786713A also discloses a method for acid leaching and silver chloride precipitation of crystalline silicon plates separated from battery panel components to recover aluminum and silver.

[0004] The pyrolysis device disclosed in Chinese patent document CN113748299A uses superheated steam as a heat source, including three treatment chambers: an introduction preparation chamber, a furnace main body, and a discharge preparation chamber, which are respectively designed with a superheated steam introduction pipe, a gas discharge pipe and an in-furnace transfer part. The end of the superheated steam introduction pipe is provided with an upper nozzle for spraying superheated steam downward and a lower nozzle for spraying superheated steam upward. The upper nozzle and the lower nozzle are configured in the pyrolysis furnace to sandwich the panel, so that the plastic material layer is gasified and removed. The disadvantage of this solution is that when using superheated steam as a heat source, a large amount of organic wastewater will be generated after the superheated steam and pyrolysis products are cooled, and this organic wastewater is difficult to treat. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a method for rapidly separating high-value components of waste photovoltaic modules based on pyrolysis, which shortens the separation time between glass and silicon wafers with the participation of superheated steam and reduces the generation of organic wastewater at the same time.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: A method for rapidly separating high-value components of waste photovoltaic modules based on pyrolysis includes the following steps: S1. Frame disassembly: Remove the aluminum frame and junction box from the broken or unbroken waste photovoltaic module. S2. Module preheating: Convey the waste photovoltaic module to the preheating space, and heat the whole waste photovoltaic module to above 80°C. S3. Rolling and crushing: Lay the waste photovoltaic module flat on the rolling platform, and use a roller to roll and crush the waste photovoltaic module so that the glass plate layer and the backplane layer are broken but still remain in the flat state. S4. Module pyrolysis: Crush and pyrolyze the waste photovoltaic module, heat the pyrolysis space with an external heat source so that the temperature in the pyrolysis space is maintained at 400 - 800°C, introduce superheated steam as an auxiliary heating medium, and pyrolyze to obtain separated broken glass, silicon wafers and solder tapes. The generated pyrolysis gas is exported for harmless treatment. S5. Cooling and sorting: Cool the pyrolysis solid product and then sort it to obtain glass, silicon wafers and solder tapes.

[0007] The inventive concept of this application lies in: (1) Different from the traditional method of first cutting the waste photovoltaic module into blocks and then pyrolyzing, this solution does not perform prior physical crushing, but preheats and then rolls it. After rolling and crushing, the fragments are still adhered to each other. Not only is there less dust, but there is also a certain degree of loosening and misalignment separation between the structural layers, which is beneficial to the rapid pyrolysis of the EVA layer.

[0008] (2) To accelerate the pyrolysis of the flat fragments, superheated steam is introduced as an auxiliary heating medium to make the superheated steam pass through the gaps between the fragments to improve the processing efficiency. Although Chinese patent document CN113748299A also uses superheated steam, it uses superheated steam as a heating heat source, while the superheated steam in this application is only used as an auxiliary heating medium. Since the usage amount of superheated steam is greatly reduced, the subsequent organic wastewater caused by superheated steam is also correspondingly greatly reduced.

[0009] As an improvement, in the step S2, the temperature in the preheating space is not less than 100°C, and the preheating time is not less than 5 minutes, so that the EVA layer is softened or even partially decomposed to improve the separation effect of each structural layer during subsequent rolling.

[0010] As an improvement, in the step S3, the laying layer number of the waste photovoltaic modules on the rolling platform does not exceed 3 layers. Excessive laying layer numbers will affect the separation effect of each structural layer during rolling.

[0011] As a further improvement, in the step S3, raised particles that contribute to the crushing of the waste photovoltaic modules are provided on the outer surface of the roller shaft and the top of the rolling platform. The raised particles on the top of the rolling platform not only help to enhance the crushing effect but also play a role in establishing a gas channel, which is beneficial for the upward action of the superheated steam on the waste photovoltaic modules from bottom to top and also beneficial for the pyrolysis gas to be discharged from the gaps between the raised particles.

[0012] As an improvement, in the step S4, the input amount of the superheated steam in the pyrolysis space does not exceed 1 / 10 of the output amount of the pyrolysis gas, and the input amount of the superheated steam can be controlled according to the flow rate of the pyrolysis gas.

[0013] As an improvement, in the step S4, the temperature in the pyrolysis space is maintained at 500 - 700 °C, and the residence time is 20 - 50 min.

[0014] As an improvement, the preheating space and the pyrolysis space adopt a jacket heating method, and the high-temperature flue gas heats the pyrolysis space and the preheating space in sequence. Then, the preheating space only needs the waste heat of the high-temperature flue gas to meet its heating requirements without additional energy supply.

[0015] As a further improvement, the steps S3 and S4 are completed in the same sealable space without the need to transfer the waste photovoltaic modules.

[0016] Another object of the present application is to provide a device capable of implementing the above method, including A preheating unit, which is a sealable chamber, equipped with a heating mechanism or connected to an external heat source; A crushing unit, which is a sealable chamber, having a rolling platform and an elevating roller shaft group arranged on the top; A pyrolysis unit, which is a sealable chamber, equipped with a heating mechanism and having a superheated steam inlet pipe; A superheated steam supply unit, which is used to produce superheated steam and supply superheated steam to the pyrolysis unit; A pyrolysis gas treatment unit, which is used to collect the gases generated by the preheating unit and the pyrolysis unit and implement harmless treatment; The preheating unit, the crushing unit, and the pyrolysis unit are all provided with access channels to facilitate the entry and exit of the waste photovoltaic modules.

[0017] As an improvement, the preheating unit is equipped with a second superheated steam inlet pipe, and the second superheated steam inlet pipe is connected to the superheated steam supply unit.

[0018] As an improvement, the preheating unit and the pyrolysis unit are provided with independently controlled conveying platforms to move the waste photovoltaic modules, and the movement of the waste photovoltaic modules in the crushing unit is driven by roller shafts.

[0019] As an improvement, the heating mechanism is a heating jacket. The pyrolysis gas treatment unit includes a combustion chamber and a tail gas treatment mechanism. The pyrolysis gas is harmlessly treated by combustion in the combustion chamber, and the high-temperature flue gas generated by the combustion chamber provides heat for the heating mechanisms of the pyrolysis unit and the preheating unit in sequence and is discharged after being treated by the tail gas treatment mechanism.

[0020] As an improvement, the heating mechanism is a heating rod, and the heating rods are horizontally arranged in the preheating unit and the pyrolysis unit.

[0021] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: Component preheating, rolling and crushing, and component pyrolysis can generally be completed within 60 minutes, and fully pyrolyzed intermediate products - broken glass, silicon wafers and solder tapes can be obtained. Compared with the traditional pyrolysis process, the treatment time is shortened by 1 / 2, and the separation efficiency is greatly improved; secondly, the amount of organic wastewater generated is small, reducing the end-treatment load. Description of the Drawings

[0022] Figure 1 It is a layout diagram of Embodiment 2 of the device of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a top view of the rolling platform of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of the roller shaft of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a layout diagram of Embodiment 3 of the device of the present invention; Figure 5 It is a layout diagram of Embodiment 4 of the device of the present invention; Figure 6 It is a layout diagram of Embodiment 5 of the device of the present invention.

[0023] In the figure: 10, preheating unit; 11, preheating flue gas jacket; 12, second pyrolysis gas outlet pipe; 20, crushing unit; 21, rolling platform; 22, roller shaft; 23, reinforcing backing plate; 30, pyrolysis unit; 31, pyrolysis flue gas jacket; 32, first pyrolysis gas outlet pipe; 33, agitation blower; 34, heating rod; 203, crushing and pyrolysis unit; 40, superheated steam supply unit; 41, first superheated steam inlet pipe; 42, second superheated steam inlet pipe; 50, pyrolysis gas treatment unit; 51, combustion chamber; 52, tail gas treatment mechanism; 53, high-temperature flue gas pipeline; 54, flue gas transfer pipeline; 55, flue gas tail gas pipeline; 60, access passage; 61, electric control door; 70, conveying platform; 80, waste photovoltaic module. Embodiment

[0024] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention and not to limit the scope of the present invention. In addition, it should be understood that after reading the content taught by the present invention, those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications to the present invention, and these equivalent forms also fall within the scope defined by the appended claims of this application. Embodiment

[0025] The waste photovoltaic modules targeted by the present invention can be either complete or partially broken or curled waste photovoltaic modules. The following steps are adopted to quickly separate the high-value components therein.

[0026] S1. Frame disassembly Remove the aluminum frame and junction box from the broken or unbroken waste photovoltaic modules, which can be carried out either manually or mechanically. This is the prior art.

[0027] S2. Module preheating Convey the waste photovoltaic modules after frame disassembly to the preheating space. The temperature in the preheating space is not less than 100 °C, and the preheating time is not less than 5 min, so that the whole waste photovoltaic module is heated to above 80 °C.

[0028] If both the preheating space and the pyrolysis space adopt the jacket heating method, the high-temperature flue gas heats the pyrolysis space and the preheating space in turn. At this time, the specific temperature in the preheating space is determined according to the temperature of the high-temperature flue gas reaching the preheating space. Obviously, the higher the temperature of the high-temperature flue gas and the longer the residence time of the waste photovoltaic modules in the preheating space, the better the preheating effect.

[0029] Preferably, the module preheating time is basically the same as the subsequent module pyrolysis time. For example, it stays in the preheating space for 28 min, stays in the pyrolysis space for 30 min, and is crushed by rolling for 2 min.

[0030] The gas generated by preheating is mixed with the gas generated by subsequent pyrolysis and then subjected to harmless treatment.

[0031] S3. Rolling and crushing Lay the waste photovoltaic modules flat on the rolling platform, and the number of layers laid flat does not exceed 3 layers. The curled waste photovoltaic modules are preferably placed in the lower layer, and the partially broken ones are preferably placed between two layers. Roll and crush on the surface of the waste photovoltaic modules with a roller, so that the glass plate layer and the backplane layer are broken but still remain in the flat state. The outer surface of the roller and the top of the rolling platform are both provided with raised particles that help break the waste photovoltaic modules.

[0032] Those skilled in the art should know that the rolling platform and the roller are not preheated in advance, so that there is a large temperature difference between the waste photovoltaic modules and the rolling platform and the roller, which is beneficial to the crushing of the waste photovoltaic modules.

[0033] S4. Component Pyrolysis The waste photovoltaic components are crushed and then pyrolyzed. The pyrolysis space is heated by an external heat source so that the temperature in the pyrolysis space is maintained at 400 - 800 °C, preferably 500 - 700 °C. It has been verified that staying at 500 °C for about 20 minutes can achieve the removal of the EVA layer. During pyrolysis, superheated steam needs to be introduced as an auxiliary heating medium. The amount of superheated steam introduced into the pyrolysis space does not exceed 1 / 10 of the pyrolysis gas export volume, preferably not exceeding 1 / 20 of the pyrolysis gas export volume. The amount of superheated steam introduced is adjusted in a timely manner according to the export volume of the pyrolysis gas. After pyrolysis, separated broken glass, silicon wafers, and solder strips are obtained, and the pyrolysis gas generated is exported for harmless treatment.

[0034] The rolling and crushing step and the component pyrolysis step can also be completed in the same airtight space. In this case, there is no need to transfer the waste photovoltaic components.

[0035] S5. Cooling and Sorting The pyrolysis solid products are cooled and then sorted to obtain glass, silicon wafers, and solder strips.

[0036] Verification of Technical Effects Comparative Experiment 1: Take 2 waste photovoltaic components after removing the frames. Cut the waste photovoltaic components into small squares of about 50×50 mm and place them in a rotary furnace. Pyrolyze them under the action of high-temperature flue gas at 550 °C. After 120 minutes, the glass, silicon wafers, and solder strips are completely separated, and there is no EVA and plastic residue.

[0037] Comparative Experiment 2: Take the same number of waste photovoltaic components. Preheat them with high-temperature flue gas at about 450 °C for 40 minutes. Roll and crush the waste photovoltaic components in a horizontal state. Pyrolyze them under the action of high-temperature flue gas at 550 °C for 50 minutes. The glass, silicon wafers, and solder strips are completely separated, and there is no EVA and plastic residue.

[0038] Comparative Experiment 3: Take the same number of waste photovoltaic components. Preheat them with high-temperature flue gas at about 450 °C for 30 minutes. Roll and crush the waste photovoltaic components in a horizontal state. Pyrolyze them under the action of high-temperature flue gas at 550 °C for 30 minutes. While pyrolyzing, continuously introduce superheated steam at a fixed flow rate of 0.6 m 3 / min (the pyrolysis gas generation amount is about 800 m 3 / h or so). The glass, silicon wafers, and solder strips are completely separated, and there is no EVA and plastic residue. Example

[0039] Example 2 provides a heat treatment device that can implement the solution described in this application, such as Figure 1As shown, the device includes six main functional units, namely: a preheating unit 10, a crushing unit 20, a pyrolysis unit 30, a superheated steam supply unit 40, and a pyrolysis gas treatment unit 50.

[0040] The preheating unit 10 is a sealable chamber, and the heating mechanism it is equipped with is a heating jacket. The preheating flue gas jacket 11 is wrapped around the outer surface of the preheating unit 10. Of course, the preheating can also be provided by other external heat sources. The crushing unit 20 is a sealable chamber, which has a rolling platform 21. The top view of the rolling platform 21 is as Figure 2 shown, and it is covered with raised particles. A lifting roller shaft group is arranged at the top of the crushing unit 20. The lifting roller shaft group is composed of several roller shafts 22 arranged in a row. The structure of each roller shaft 22 is as Figure 3 shown, and its surface is covered with raised particles. After the waste photovoltaic module 80 is stacked on the rolling platform 21, the lifting roller shaft group descends to contact and roll with the waste photovoltaic module 80. While crushing the waste photovoltaic module 80, it is pushed as a whole towards the outlet direction of the crushing unit 20. The lifting roller shaft group is also a prior art, and its lifting structure can also refer to the telescopic movement structure in which the heating mechanism can move in the vertical direction in the Chinese patent document CN115646996 A.

[0041] The pyrolysis unit 30 is an airtight chamber, arranged below the outlet of the crushing unit 20, so that the crushed waste photovoltaic module 80 can smoothly enter the pyrolysis unit 30. The heating mechanism configured in the pyrolysis unit 30 is a heating jacket. The pyrolysis flue gas jacket 31 is wrapped on the outer surface of the pyrolysis unit 30. The pyrolysis unit 30 is provided with a first superheated steam inlet pipe 41. The pyrolysis unit 30 is also provided with an agitation blower 33 for promoting the circulation of superheated steam in the pyrolysis unit 30. The superheated steam supply unit 40 is used to produce superheated steam and supply superheated steam to the pyrolysis unit 30. The pyrolysis gas treatment unit 50 is used to collect the gases generated by the preheating unit 10 and the pyrolysis unit 30 and implement harmless treatment. The preheating unit 10 is provided with a second pyrolysis gas outlet pipe 12 for leading the pyrolysis gas in the preheating unit 10 to the pyrolysis gas treatment unit 50. The pyrolysis unit 30 is provided with a first pyrolysis gas outlet pipe 32 for leading the pyrolysis gas in the pyrolysis unit 30 to the pyrolysis gas treatment unit 50. The pyrolysis gas treatment unit 50 includes a combustion chamber 51 and a tail gas treatment mechanism 52. The pyrolysis gas is burned in the combustion chamber 51 to achieve harmless treatment. The high-temperature flue gas generated by the combustion chamber 51 sequentially passes through the pyrolysis flue gas jacket 31 on the outer surface of the pyrolysis unit 30 and the preheating flue gas jacket 11 on the outer surface of the preheating unit 10, thereby providing heat for pyrolysis and preheating of the pyrolysis unit 30 and the preheating unit 10. The pipeline between the combustion chamber 51 and the pyrolysis flue gas jacket 31 is a high-temperature flue gas pipeline 53. The pipeline between the pyrolysis flue gas jacket 31 and the preheating flue gas jacket 11 is a flue gas transfer pipeline 54. The pipeline between the preheating flue gas jacket 11 and the tail gas treatment mechanism 52 is a flue gas tail pipeline 55. The flue gas tail gas is discharged after being treated by the tail gas treatment mechanism 52.

[0042] Among them, the preheating unit 10, the crushing unit 20, and the pyrolysis unit 30 are all provided with access channels 60 to facilitate the entry and exit of the waste photovoltaic module 80. The access channels 60 are equipped with electric control doors 61 to realize automatic connection and isolation between the chambers. The preheating unit 10 and the pyrolysis unit 30 have their own independently controlled conveying platforms 70 to realize the movement of the waste photovoltaic module 80. In the crushing unit 20, the movement of the waste photovoltaic module 80 is driven by the roller shaft 22. The connection modes of the preheating unit 10, the crushing unit 20, and the pyrolysis unit 30 can be referred to in the Chinese patent document CN113748299A. Embodiment

[0043] As Figure 4 shown, the difference between Embodiment 3 and Embodiment 2 is that: another device that can implement the solution described in this application is provided. Its superheated steam supply unit 40 has a second superheated steam inlet pipe 42 for introducing superheated steam into the preheating unit 10 to increase the preheating effect. Secondly, the preheating unit 10 is also equipped with an agitation blower 33 for promoting the circulation of superheated steam in the preheating unit 10. Embodiment

[0044] AsFigure 5 As shown, the difference between Example 4 and Example 2 is that: another device that can implement the solution described in this application is provided, which changes the heating method of Example 2 and uses a heating rod 34 instead to more precisely control the heating temperature. The heating rod 34 is horizontally arranged in the preheating unit 10 and the pyrolysis unit 30. The pyrolysis gas derived from the preheating unit 10 and the pyrolysis unit 30 is burned in the combustion chamber 51 and then provides heat source for the superheated steam supply unit 40 via the high-temperature flue gas pipeline 53. After the high-temperature flue gas is cooled to become flue gas tail gas, it is still processed by the tail gas treatment mechanism 52 and then discharged. Example

[0045] As Figure 6 shown, the difference between Example 5 and Example 2 is that: the crushing unit 20 and the pyrolysis unit 30 of Example 2 are changed into the same airtight space, that is, the crushing and pyrolysis unit 203. Then the first superheated steam inlet pipe 41 is connected to the crushing and pyrolysis unit 203, and a stirring fan 33 is also arranged on the side wall of the crushing and pyrolysis unit 203 to promote the circulation of superheated steam. The preheating unit 10 and the crushing and pyrolysis unit 203 have their own independently controlled conveying platforms 70 to realize the movement of the waste photovoltaic module 80. The conveying platform 70 is a chain conveyor. A reinforcing pad 23 for bearing the roller pressure is also arranged between the upper and lower chain plates of the chain conveyor of the crushing and pyrolysis unit 203. The lifting roller group is composed of 6 groups of rollers 22. The 3 groups of rollers 22 on the left and right rotate in opposite directions, so that the waste photovoltaic module 80 is crushed while not generating a large displacement on the conveying platform 70. The pyrolysis gas derived from the preheating unit 10 and the crushing and pyrolysis unit 203 is burned in the combustion chamber 51 and then provides heating heat sources for the crushing and pyrolysis unit 203 and the preheating unit 10 in sequence via the high-temperature flue gas pipeline 53. After the high-temperature flue gas is cooled to become flue gas tail gas, it is still processed by the tail gas treatment mechanism 52 and then discharged.

Claims

1. A method for rapid separation of high-value components from waste photovoltaic modules based on pyrolysis, characterized in that: It includes the following steps, S1. Frame disassembly: Remove the aluminum frame and junction box from the broken or unbroken waste photovoltaic modules; S2. Module preheating: Convey the waste photovoltaic modules to the preheating space, and the whole waste photovoltaic modules are heated to above 80 °C; S3. Rolling and crushing: Lay the waste photovoltaic modules flat on the rolling platform, and use a roller shaft to roll and crush the waste photovoltaic modules so that the glass plate layer and the backplane layer are broken but still remain in the flat state; S4. Module pyrolysis: Crush and pyrolyze the waste photovoltaic modules, heat the pyrolysis space with an external heat source so that the temperature in the pyrolysis space is maintained at 400 - 800 °C, introduce superheated steam as an auxiliary heating medium, and pyrolyze to obtain separated broken glass, silicon wafers and solder strips. The generated pyrolysis gas is exported for harmless treatment; S5. Cooling and sorting: Cool the pyrolysis solid products and then sort them to obtain glass, silicon wafers and solder strips.

2. The method for rapid separation of high-value components from waste photovoltaic modules based on pyrolysis according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the temperature in the preheating space is not less than 100 °C, and the preheating time is not less than 5 min.

3. The method for rapid separation of high-value components from waste photovoltaic modules based on pyrolysis according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the number of layers of waste photovoltaic modules laid flat on the rolling platform does not exceed 3 layers.

4. The method for rapid separation of high-value components from waste photovoltaic modules based on pyrolysis according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, raised particles that are helpful for breaking the waste photovoltaic modules are provided on the outer surface of the roller shaft and the top of the rolling platform.

5. The method for rapid separation of high-value components from waste photovoltaic modules based on pyrolysis according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, the input amount of superheated steam in the pyrolysis space does not exceed 1 / 10 of the output amount of the pyrolysis gas.

6. The method for rapid separation of high-value components from waste photovoltaic modules based on pyrolysis according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, the temperature in the pyrolysis space is maintained at 500 - 700 °C, and the residence time is 20 - 50 min.

7. The method for rapid separation of high-value components from waste photovoltaic modules based on pyrolysis according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preheating space and the pyrolysis space adopt a jacket heating method, and high-temperature flue gas heats the pyrolysis space and the preheating space in sequence.

8. The method for rapid separation of high-value components from waste photovoltaic modules based on pyrolysis according to claim 1, characterized in that: Steps S3 and S4 are completed in the same airtight space.

9. A device for rapid separation of high-value components from waste photovoltaic modules based on pyrolysis, characterized in that: It includes A preheating unit (10), which is an airtight chamber, equipped with a heating mechanism or connected to an external heat source; A crushing unit (20), which is an airtight chamber, has a rolling platform (21), and a lifting roller shaft group is arranged on the top; A pyrolysis unit (30), which is an airtight chamber, equipped with a heating mechanism, and has a first superheated steam inlet pipe (41); An overheated steam supply unit (40) for producing overheated steam and supplying the overheated steam to the pyrolysis unit (30); A pyrolysis gas treatment unit (50) for collecting the gases generated by the preheating unit (10) and the pyrolysis unit (30) and performing harmless treatment; The preheating unit (10), the crushing unit (20), and the pyrolysis unit (30) are all provided with access channels (60) to facilitate the access of waste photovoltaic modules (80).

10. The rapid separation device for high-value components of waste photovoltaic modules based on pyrolysis according to claim 9, characterized in that: The preheating unit (10) is equipped with a second overheated steam inlet pipe (42), and the second overheated steam inlet pipe (42) is communicated with the overheated steam supply unit (40).

11. The rapid separation device for high-value components of waste photovoltaic modules based on pyrolysis according to claim 9, characterized in that: The preheating unit (10) and the pyrolysis unit (30) have independently controlled conveying platforms (70) to realize the movement of the waste photovoltaic modules (80), and the movement of the waste photovoltaic modules (80) in the crushing unit (20) is driven by the roller shafts (22).

12. The rapid separation device for high-value components of waste photovoltaic modules based on pyrolysis according to claim 9, characterized in that: The heating mechanism is a heating jacket. The pyrolysis gas treatment unit (50) includes a combustion chamber (51) and a tail gas treatment mechanism (52). The pyrolysis gas is combusted in the combustion chamber (51) to achieve harmless treatment, and the high-temperature flue gas generated by the combustion chamber (51) provides heat for the heating mechanisms of the pyrolysis unit (30) and the preheating unit (10) in sequence and is discharged after being treated by the tail gas treatment mechanism (52).

13. The rapid separation device for high-value components of waste photovoltaic modules based on pyrolysis according to claim 9, characterized in that: The heating mechanism is a heating rod (34), and the heating rods are horizontally arranged in the preheating unit (10) and the pyrolysis unit (30).

14. The rapid separation device for high-value components of waste photovoltaic modules based on pyrolysis, characterized in that: including a preheating unit (10), which is an airtight chamber, equipped with a heating mechanism or communicated with an external heat source; a crushing and pyrolysis unit (203), which is an airtight chamber, equipped with a heating mechanism, having a first overheated steam inlet pipe (41); with a rolling platform (21) inside and a lifting roller shaft group arranged at the top; an overheated steam supply unit (40) for producing overheated steam and supplying the overheated steam to the pyrolysis unit (30); a pyrolysis gas treatment unit (50) for collecting the gases generated by the preheating unit (10) and the crushing and pyrolysis unit (203) and performing harmless treatment; The preheating unit (10) and the crushing and pyrolysis unit (203) are both provided with access channels (60) to facilitate the access of waste photovoltaic modules (80).

15. The rapid separation device for high-value components of waste photovoltaic modules based on pyrolysis according to claim 14, characterized in that: The preheating unit (10) and the crushing and pyrolysis unit (203) are each provided with an independently controlled conveying platform (70) to realize the movement of the waste photovoltaic module (80). The conveying platform (70) of the crushing and pyrolysis unit (203) is further provided with a reinforcing backing plate (23) for bearing the rolling pressure of the roller shaft (22).

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