Supporting and clamping device for laser cutting of thin-walled workpiece with complex curved surface

Abstract

The invention provides a supporting and clamping device for complex curved-surface thin-wall part laser cutting, and relates to the technical field of laser cutting machining, the supporting and clamping device comprises a plurality of supporting mechanisms, each supporting mechanism comprises two oppositely-arranged supporting pieces, each supporting piece comprises a bottom plate and two rib plates, the upper portion of each rib plate is provided with a supporting face capable of being attached to the outer surface of a complex curved-surface thin-wall part, and the supporting faces are arranged on the bottom plates. The supporting faces are provided with curved surface grooves, a plurality of vacuum hole channels are formed in the rib plates, one end of each vacuum hole channel extends to the curved surface grooves, the upper portions of the two rib plates of each supporting piece are used for supporting the edge of a to-be-cut area of the complex curved surface thin-wall piece, and the supporting faces of the rib plates located on the same side are different in bending degree. The clamp has the beneficial effects that the support surfaces are different in curvature, so that the support surfaces can be attached to the outer surfaces of curved surfaces with irregular curvatures at different parts of the complex curved-surface thin-wall part, accurate positioning and clamping are achieved through tight attachment to the outer surfaces of the complex curved-surface thin-wall part, and the overall rigidity during machining is improved; and the problems of deformation, falling and the like in the machining process are avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of laser cutting processing, and particularly relates to a support and clamping device for laser cutting of complex curved surface thin-walled parts. Background Art

[0002] Complex curved surface thin-walled parts are widely used in the aerospace industry. Such parts have strict requirements for thickness and are relatively thin. After the blank parts formed by composite material layup and molding, edge cutting, processing and other operations need to be carried out. Currently, milling processing methods are mainly used. However, due to the thin wall thickness and poor stiffness of the workpiece, the milling force is relatively large, and the workpiece is extremely easy to deform during clamping and processing. At the same time, there are also problems such as serious tool wear and low processing efficiency. During the processing of complex curved surface thin-walled parts, it is necessary to clamp and fix them to improve the overall stiffness during processing and after processing without being removed. Therefore, a support and clamping fixing device is required.

[0003] At present, there are still many problems in the processing of existing complex curved surface thin-walled parts. For example, when processing thin-walled parts, the fitting degree between the clamping device and the workpiece is relatively low, and it cannot effectively fix the two end faces and the cutting surface during the processing of complex curved surface thin-walled parts, increasing the probability of workpiece damage. When the shape of the workpiece is too complex, the requirements for fixture design are relatively high, and the design time is relatively long, resulting in high time and cost waste. Moreover, the current clamping devices have certain limitations on the clamping of complex curved surface thin-walled parts and are prone to interfere with the processing route during processing. Especially during the clamping and processing of complex curved surface thin-walled parts with variable curvature irregular curved surface outer surfaces, problems such as deformation and falling off are more obvious. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, in order to solve the problems such as deformation and falling off during the clamping and processing of complex curved surface thin-walled parts, an embodiment of the present invention provides a support and clamping device for laser cutting of complex curved surface thin-walled parts.

[0005] An embodiment of the present invention provides a support and clamping device for laser cutting of complex curved surface thin-walled parts, including a plurality of support mechanisms.

[0006] Each of the support mechanisms is arranged at intervals in sequence along the horizontal direction. Each support mechanism includes two relatively arranged support members. Each support member includes a bottom plate and two rib plates fixed on the bottom plate. The two rib plates are arranged parallel and opposite to each other. The rib plates of the two support members are located in a vertical plane in pairs. A support surface that can fit with the outer surface of the complex curved surface thin-walled part is provided on the upper part of the rib plate. A curved surface groove is provided on the support surface. A plurality of vacuum channels are arranged in the rib plate. One end of each vacuum channel extends to the curved surface groove. The upper parts of the two rib plates of each support member are used to support the edge of the area to be cut of the complex curved surface thin-walled part. The curvature of the support surfaces of the rib plates on the same side is different.

[0007] Furthermore, among the two rib plates of each support member located in a vertical plane, the length of the curved surface groove of one rib plate is greater than that of the curved surface groove of the other rib plate.

[0008] Furthermore, the curved surface groove is a curved groove.

[0009] Furthermore, the vacuum channels in the curved surface groove are arranged at intervals along the length direction.

[0010] Furthermore, the curvature of the support surfaces of the rib plates located on the same side along the horizontal direction gradually increases.

[0011] Furthermore, an air extraction pipeline is provided on the outer side of the rib plate, and the air extraction pipeline is connected to each vacuum channel.

[0012] Furthermore, a trimming groove is provided at the top of the rib plate, and the to-be-trimmed area at the edge of the complex curved surface thin-walled part can be supported on the trimming groove.

[0013] Furthermore, it further includes end clamping members. The two end clamping members are respectively arranged on the outer sides of both ends of all the support mechanisms. Each end clamping member includes a lower support block and an upper clamping block. The upper clamping block is detachably connected to the lower support block to clamp the end of the complex curved surface thin-walled part.

[0014] Furthermore, the upper clamping block is provided with a locking bolt, and the locking bolt can pass through the end of the complex curved surface thin-walled part and be tightly connected to the lower support block.

[0015] Furthermore, it further includes a mounting plate, and the bottom plates of all the support members are fixed on the mounting plate.

[0016] Furthermore, the support mechanism is manufactured by 3D printing.

[0017] The beneficial effects brought by the technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present invention are:

[0018] 1. A support and clamping device for laser cutting of complex curved thin-walled parts according to the present invention supports the outer surface of the complex curved thin-walled part in sections through each support mechanism. The support surfaces on the upper parts of the rib plates of the two support members of each support mechanism are attached to the outer surface of the complex curved thin-walled part, and the curved grooves on the support surfaces are evacuated through vacuum channels to negatively adsorb the outer surface of the complex curved thin-walled part. The curvature of the support surfaces of the rib plates on the same side is different and conforms to the irregular curved outer surface of the complex curved thin-walled part, and the close attachment of the outer surface of the complex curved thin-walled part realizes precise positioning and clamping. At the same time, the upper parts of the two rib plates of each support member are used to support the edge of the area to be cut of the complex curved thin-walled part, support the edge of the area to be cut, improve the overall stiffness during the processing of the complex curved thin-walled part, and ensure that the complex curved thin-walled part will not deform or fall off during the processing.

[0019] 2. A support and clamping device for laser cutting of complex curved thin-walled parts according to the present invention is rapidly manufactured through 3D printing technology, eliminating complex machining, assembly and other complex processes of the support fixture, realizing the integral molding of the support and clamping device, and realizing the rapid clamping and replacement of the workpiece, simplifying the process flow, shortening the processing cycle of the product, reducing the design and processing costs of the support mechanism, being applicable to the design of support fixtures for large and small batches of complex curved thin-walled parts, providing a template solution for the design of support and clamping devices for complex curved thin-walled parts, and having wide popularization and application value. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0020] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a support and clamping device for laser cutting of complex curved thin-walled parts according to the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 is a left view of a support and clamping device for laser cutting of complex curved thin-walled parts according to the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a support and clamping device for laser cutting of complex curved thin-walled parts according to the present invention clamping a complex curved thin-walled part;

[0023] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of multiple support mechanisms of a support and clamping device for laser cutting of complex curved thin-walled parts according to the present invention;

[0024] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a support mechanism;

[0025] Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of a support mechanism;

[0026] Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view of an end clamping member clamping a complex curved thin-walled part;

[0027] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of a support and clamping device for laser cutting of complex curved thin-walled parts according to the present invention, applied to laser cutting processing of complex curved thin-walled parts;

[0028] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram before cutting the complex curved thin-walled part;

[0029] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram after cutting the complex curved thin-walled part.

[0030] In the figure: 100, a support and clamping device for laser cutting of complex curved thin-walled parts; 1, a support mechanism; 2, an end clamping part; 3, a mounting plate; 4, a lifting ring; 5, a support member; 6, a bottom plate; 7, a rib plate; 8, a support surface; 9, a curved surface groove; 10, a vacuum duct; 11, an air extraction pipe; 12, a cutting edge groove; 13, a convex block; 14, a lower support block; 15, an upper clamping block; 16, a locking bolt; 200, a complex curved thin-walled part; 201, an area to be cut; 202, a cutting groove; 300, a robot laser cutter. Detailed implementation manners

[0031] To make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the following will further describe the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following introduces a relatively superior one among multiple possible embodiments of the present invention, aiming to provide a basic understanding of the present invention, but not aiming to identify the key or decisive elements of the present invention or limit the scope to be protected.

[0032] In all the examples shown and discussed here, any specific value should be construed as merely exemplary and not as a limitation. Therefore, other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values.

[0033] For technologies, methods and devices known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art, they may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, the said technologies, methods and devices should be regarded as part of the specification.

[0034] It should be noted that: similar reference numerals and letters denote similar items in the following drawings. Therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further discussed in subsequent drawings. At the same time, it should be understood that for the sake of description, the dimensions of the various parts shown in the drawings are not drawn according to the actual proportional relationship.

[0035] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the circuits, electronic components and modules involved in the present invention are all prior arts, and those skilled in the art can fully implement them without further elaboration.

[0036] It should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified or limited, the terms "installation" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the communication inside two components. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations.

[0037] Please refer to Figure 1 、 2 and 3, an embodiment of the present invention provides a support and clamping device 100 for laser cutting of complex curved surface thin-walled parts, including a plurality of support mechanisms 1.

[0038] First of all, it should be noted that the complex curved surface thin-walled part 200 mentioned in this application mainly refers to a thin-walled part with an irregular curved surface with variable curvature on the outer surface and a thickness of 0.5 - 5 mm.

[0039] The number of the support mechanisms 1 is flexibly set according to the length of the complex curved surface thin-walled part 200. The length of the complex curved surface thin-walled part 200 is between 500 mm and 2000 mm. Generally, the number of the support mechanisms 1 is set to three or more. In this embodiment, the number of the support mechanisms 1 is set to three.

[0040] Combined with Figure 4 as shown, each of the support mechanisms 1 is arranged at intervals in the horizontal direction, that is, arranged at intervals along the length direction of the complex curved surface thin-walled part 200 in the processing state. The bottoms of each of the support mechanisms 1 are fixedly arranged. Generally, each of the support mechanisms 1 is evenly spaced to stably and evenly support the complex curved surface thin-walled part 200.

[0041] Such as Figure 5 and 6 as shown, each of the support mechanisms 1 includes two support members 5 arranged oppositely. Each of the support members 5 includes a bottom plate 6 and two rib plates 7 fixed on the bottom plate 6. The bottom plate 6 is horizontally fixedly arranged. The rib plates 7 are vertically arranged and the lower ends are fixedly connected to the bottom plate 6. The two rib plates 7 are arranged parallel and oppositely. And the four rib plates 7 of the two support members 5 are arranged in pairs opposite to each other, that is to say, the four rib plates 7 of the two support members 5 are located in the same vertical plane in pairs.

[0042] The upper part of the rib plate 7 is provided with a support surface 8 that can be attached to the outer surface of the complex curved surface thin-walled part 200. The support surface 8 has the same shape as the outer surface of a section of the complex curved surface thin-walled part 200, so that the support surfaces 8 of the two rib plates 7 of the two support members 5 located in the same vertical plane support the outer surface of a section of the complex curved surface thin-walled part 200.

[0043] The support surface 8 is provided with a curved surface groove 9. Here, the curved surface groove 9 is a curve-shaped groove, which is arranged circumferentially along the outer surface of the complex curved surface thin-walled part 200 and can closely fit the outer surface of the complex curved surface thin-walled part 200. A plurality of vacuum channels 10 are arranged in the rib plate 7. One end of each of the vacuum channels 10 extends to the curved surface groove 9. The curved surface groove 9 can be evacuated through the vacuum channels 10, and the outer surface of the complex curved surface thin-walled part 200 can be fixed by using negative pressure adsorption.

[0044] In some embodiments, the vacuum channels 10 in the curved surface groove 9 are arranged at intervals along the length direction. One end of each of the vacuum channels 10 away from the curved surface groove 9 converges, and each of the vacuum channels 10 is generally fan-shaped.

[0045] Furthermore, in some embodiments, an air extraction pipeline 11 is arranged on the outer side of the rib plate 7. One end of each of the vacuum channels 10 converges and then is connected to one end of the air extraction pipeline 11, so that the air extraction pipeline 11 is connected to each of the vacuum channels 10. The other end of the air extraction pipeline 11 extends to the outer side surface of the rib plate 7 and is provided with a pneumatic joint. A vacuum air pump can be connected through the pneumatic joint for air extraction.

[0046] The upper parts of the two rib plates 7 of each support member 5 are used to support the edge of the to-be-cut area 201 of the complex curved surface thin-walled part 200. In this embodiment, the to-be-cut area 201 of the complex curved surface thin-walled part 200 is a cutting groove 202 in the shape of a rectangle near the side of the complex curved surface thin-walled part 200. The upper parts of the two rib plates 7 of each support member 5 just support the outer sides of the opposite sides of the cutting groove 202, about 5 mm away from the edge of the cutting groove 202 opening.

[0047] In this embodiment, since the outer surface of the complex curved surface thin-walled part 200 is a curved surface with irregular curvature, and multiple segments of the outer wall of the complex curved surface thin-walled part 200 along the length direction are curved surfaces with different curvatures, the curvatures of the support surfaces 8 of the rib plates 7 located on the same side are different. For example, in this embodiment, the outer surface of the complex curved surface thin-walled part 200 is a curved surface with gradually increasing curvature, and the curvatures of the support surfaces 8 of the rib plates 7 located on the same side along the horizontal direction gradually increase. In this way, when each support mechanism supports each segment of the outer surface of the complex curved surface thin-walled part 200, the support surfaces 8 of the rib plates 7 of each support mechanism can respectively fit each segment of the outer surface of the complex curved surface thin-walled part 200 with different curvatures.

[0048] It should be noted that although the curvature of the supporting surfaces 8 of the rib plates 7 located on the same side along the horizontal direction gradually increases in this embodiment, in other embodiments, the curvature of the supporting surfaces 8 of the rib plates 7 of each of the supporting mechanisms can be set according to the curvature of different parts of the outer surface of the complex curved thin-walled part 200 to be supported. For example, it can be set to increase first and then decrease, or increase and decrease at intervals, etc.

[0049] Considering that the complex curved thin-walled part 200 is an asymmetric structure, among the two rib plates 7 located on a vertical plane in each support member 5, the length of the curved surface groove 9 of one of the rib plates 7 is greater than the length of the curved surface groove 9 of the other rib plate 7. In this way, two parts of a section of the outer surface of the complex curved thin-walled part 200 are respectively adsorbed and fixed by using the curved surface grooves 9 with different lengths. It can be understood that the lengths of the curved surface grooves 9 of the two rib plates 7 located on a vertical plane in each support member 5 are flexibly set according to the shape of the longitudinal section of the complex curved thin-walled part 200.

[0050] Considering that there are excess scraps at the edges of the blank of the complex curved thin-walled part and trimming is required, in some embodiments, trimming grooves 12 are provided at the tops of the rib plates 7, and the areas to be trimmed at the edges of the complex curved thin-walled part 200 can be supported on the trimming grooves 12. For example, trimming grooves 12 are provided at the tops of the rib plates 7 here, and the trimming grooves 12 of the rib plates 7 of the two support mechanisms 1 are respectively located on two straight lines. The areas to be trimmed at the two edges of the complex curved thin-walled part 200 are respectively supported on the trimming grooves 12 on the two straight lines, and the excess scraps at the areas to be trimmed at the two edges of the complex curved thin-walled part 200 are removed by laser cutting. And in order to make the areas to be trimmed at the edges of the complex curved thin-walled part 200 closely fit and support on the trimming grooves 12, convex blocks 13 protruding inward are provided on the inner side surfaces at the tops of the rib plates 7, and the trimming grooves 12 are rectangular grooves provided inside the convex blocks 13. When the areas to be trimmed at the edges of the complex curved thin-walled part 200 can be supported on the trimming grooves 12, powerful clamps can be arranged on the convex blocks 13 to clamp the edges of the complex curved thin-walled part 200, making it fit more closely to the trimming grooves 12.

[0051] In addition, as Figure 7As shown in the figure, a support and clamping device 100 for laser cutting of complex curved surface thin-walled parts according to the present invention further includes end clamping members 2. The two end clamping members 2 are respectively arranged on the outer sides of both ends of all the support mechanisms 1. Each end clamping member 2 includes a lower support block 14 and an upper clamping block 15. The upper clamping block 15 is detachably connected to the lower support block 14 to clamp the end of the complex curved surface thin-walled part 200. Specifically, the upper clamping block 15 is provided with a locking bolt 16. The locking bolt 16 can pass through the end of the complex curved surface thin-walled part 200 and be fixedly connected to the lower support block 14. Positioning holes are provided in the middle of both ends of the complex curved surface thin-walled part 200. The middle parts of both ends of the complex curved surface thin-walled part 200 are respectively supported on the two lower support blocks 14. The locking bolt 16 is tightened to make the upper clamping block 15 press the complex curved surface thin-walled part 200 tightly.

[0052] In some embodiments, a support and clamping device 100 for laser cutting of complex curved surface thin-walled parts according to the present invention further includes a mounting plate 3. The bottom plates 6 of all the support members 5 are fixed on the mounting plate 3. The mounting plate 3 is horizontally arranged. The support members 5 of all the support mechanisms 1 are arranged in two rows on the mounting plate 3. The bottom plates 6 of all the support members 5 are fixedly connected to the mounting plate 3 by threads. Moreover, the lower support blocks 14 of the two end clamping members 2 are also fixedly connected to the mounting plate 3 by threads. Lifting rings 4 are further provided at the four corners of the mounting plate 3, which facilitates the overall lifting and moving of the support and clamping device 100 for laser cutting of complex curved surface thin-walled parts according to the present invention.

[0053] For a support and clamping device 100 for laser cutting of complex curved surface thin-walled parts according to the present invention, all the support mechanisms 1, the end clamping members 2 and the mounting plate 3 can be manufactured by 3D printing. Specifically, after the support mechanisms 1, the end clamping members 2 and the mounting plate 3 are designed, the models are imported into 3D printing slicing software. Appropriate printing parameters such as wall thickness and printing speed are set, and slicing operations are performed for 3D printing. The printed support mechanisms 1 and end clamping members 2 are installed at corresponding positions on the mounting plate 3 to complete the manufacture of the support and clamping device 100 for laser cutting of complex curved surface thin-walled parts according to the present invention.

[0054] As Figure 8 、 9As shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, a support and clamping device 100 for laser cutting of complex curved surface thin-walled parts according to the present invention is applied to laser cutting of complex curved surface thin-walled parts 200. The complex curved surface thin-walled parts 200 are placed in each of the support mechanisms 1, so that the outer surface of the complex curved surface thin-walled parts 200 is attached to the support surface 8 of each rib plate 7. The to-be-cut edge areas at both edges of the complex curved surface thin-walled parts 200 are supported on the cutting edge grooves 12. The positioning holes in the middle of the left and right ends of the complex curved surface thin-walled parts 200 respectively pass through the locking bolts 16 of the clamping members 2 at both ends. The locking bolts 16 are tightened to press the complex curved surface thin-walled parts 200 through the upper clamping blocks 15; After each pneumatic joint is connected to a vacuum pump for air extraction, the inside of the curved surface grooves 9 on the support surface 8 of each rib plate 7 is in a negative pressure state, and the outer surface of the complex curved surface thin-walled parts 200 is negatively adsorbed, so that the outer surface of the complex curved surface thin-walled parts 200 is closely attached to the support surface 8 of each rib plate 7, and the clamping of the complex curved surface thin-walled parts 200 is completed. Then, a robot laser cutter 300 is used to perform laser cutting on the to-be-cut area 201 corresponding to the part supported by the upper parts of the two rib plates 7 of each support member 5 to form a cutting groove 202. The robot laser cutter 300 can also cut the to-be-cut edge areas at both edges of the complex curved surface thin-walled parts 200, and cut off the excess corner materials in the to-be-cut edge areas at both edges of the complex curved surface thin-walled parts 200. In this way, the precise positioning and clamping of the complex curved surface thin-walled parts 200 are realized, and the overall stiffness during the processing of the complex curved surface thin-walled parts 200 is improved, ensuring that the complex curved surface thin-walled parts 200 will not deform or fall off during the processing.

[0055] In this article, the front, back, up, down and other orientation words are defined based on the positions of the components in the drawings and the positions of the components relative to each other, only for the sake of clarity and convenience in expressing the technical solution. It should be understood that they are relative concepts and can change accordingly according to different usage and placement methods. The use of the orientation words should not limit the scope of protection requested by this application.

[0056] Without conflict, the above-mentioned embodiments and the features in the embodiments in this article can be combined with each other. The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A support and clamping device for laser cutting of thin-walled parts with complex curved surfaces, characterized in that: It comprises a plurality of supporting mechanisms, each of which is arranged in sequence and spaced apart along the horizontal direction, each of which comprises two supporting members arranged opposite to each other, each of which comprises a bottom plate and two ribs fixed on the bottom plate, the two ribs are arranged parallel to each other, the ribs of the two supporting members are located in pairs on a vertical plane, the upper part of the ribs is provided with a supporting surface which can be fitted with the outer surface of a complex curved thin-walled member, the supporting surface is provided with a sunken curved groove, the ribs are provided with a plurality of vacuum channels, one end of each vacuum channel extends to the curved groove, the upper part of the two ribs of each supporting member is used to support the edge of the area to be cut of the complex curved thin-walled member, and the supporting surfaces of the ribs located on the same side have different curvatures.

2. A supporting and clamping device for laser cutting of thin-walled parts with complex curved surfaces as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In each of the supporting members, among the two ribs located on a vertical plane, the length of the curved groove of one of the ribs is greater than the length of the curved groove of the other rib.

3. A supporting and clamping device for laser cutting of thin-walled parts with complex curved surfaces as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The curved groove is a curved groove.

4. A supporting and clamping device for laser cutting of thin-walled parts with complex curved surfaces as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The vacuum channels in the curved groove are arranged at intervals along the length direction.

5. The supporting and clamping device for laser cutting of thin-walled parts with complex curved surfaces as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The curvature of the supporting surfaces of the ribs located on the same side along the horizontal direction gradually increases.

6. The supporting and clamping device for laser cutting of thin-walled parts with complex curved surfaces as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: An air extraction pipeline is arranged on the outer side of the rib plate, and the air extraction pipeline is connected to each of the vacuum channels.

7. The supporting and clamping device for laser cutting of thin-walled parts with complex curved surfaces as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the rib plate is provided with a trimming groove, and the edge area to be trimmed of the complex curved thin-walled part can be supported on the trimming groove.

8. The supporting and clamping device for laser cutting of thin-walled parts with complex curved surfaces as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes two end clamps, which are respectively arranged on the outer sides of both ends of all support mechanisms, and each end clamp includes a lower support block and an upper clamping block. The upper clamping block is detachably connected to the lower support block to clamp the ends of complex curved thin-walled parts.

9. The supporting and clamping device for laser cutting of thin-walled parts with complex curved surfaces as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a mounting plate, and the bottom plate of each support member is fixed on the mounting plate.

10. The supporting and clamping device for laser cutting of thin-walled parts with complex curved surfaces as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The supporting mechanism is manufactured by 3D printing.

Images