High-toughness electromagnetic wave shielding material and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to a high-toughness electromagnetic wave shielding material, and relates to the field of electromagnetic wave shielding materials, and the high-toughness electromagnetic wave shielding material is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100-150 parts of a matrix material, 1-5 parts of a rare earth yttrium dopant, 10-30 parts of reinforced fibers, 1-5 parts of a coupling agent, 1-5 parts of an antioxidant and 1-5 parts of a lubricant. The invention also discloses a preparation method of the electromagnetic wave shielding material. The rare earth yttrium doping agent is added into the base material, so that the electromagnetic wave shielding performance of the material is remarkably improved, meanwhile, the high toughness of the material is kept, and the problem that in the prior art, the electromagnetic wave shielding material and the toughness are difficult to achieve at the same time is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of electromagnetic wave shielding materials, and particularly relates to a high-toughness electromagnetic wave shielding material and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of electronic information technology, the environmental pollution and human health impacts caused by electromagnetic wave radiation have attracted increasing attention. As a material that can effectively reduce electromagnetic wave radiation, electromagnetic wave shielding materials have been widely used in the fields of electronics, electricity, communication, medical treatment, etc. However, most of the existing electromagnetic wave shielding materials have the problem that it is difficult to achieve both shielding performance and toughness. For example, although metal materials have good electromagnetic wave shielding performance, their toughness is poor; although polymer materials have good toughness, their electromagnetic wave shielding performance is poor. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to develop a material with high toughness and good electromagnetic wave shielding performance. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Object of the Invention: To provide a high-toughness electromagnetic wave shielding material, and further provide a preparation method based on the above high-toughness electromagnetic wave shielding material to solve the above problems existing in the prior art.

[0004] Technical Solution: A high-toughness electromagnetic wave shielding material is made from the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0005] Matrix material 100 - 150 parts, rare earth yttrium dopant 1 - 5 parts, reinforcing fiber 10 - 30 parts, coupling agent 1 - 5 parts, antioxidant 1 - 5 parts, lubricant 1 - 5 parts.

[0006] In a further embodiment, the matrix material is any one of epoxy resin, phenolic resin, and unsaturated polyester resin.

[0007] In a further embodiment, the particle size of the rare earth yttrium dopant is 10 - 50 nm.

[0008] In a further embodiment, the reinforcing fiber is any one of glass fiber, carbon fiber, and aramid fiber.

[0009] In a further embodiment, the coupling agent is any one of silane coupling agent, titanate coupling agent, and aluminate coupling agent.

[0010] In a further embodiment, the antioxidant is any one of antioxidant 1010, antioxidant 168, and antioxidant 264.

[0011] A preparation method of a high-toughness electromagnetic wave shielding material includes the following steps:

[0012] S1. Weigh each raw material according to the proportion;

[0013] S2. Add the matrix material, rare earth yttrium dopant, reinforcing fiber, coupling agent, antioxidant, and lubricant into a high-speed mixer, and mix them at 80 - 120 °C for 10 - 30 minutes to obtain a mixed material;

[0014] S3. Add the mixed material into a twin-screw extruder, extrude and pelletize it at 180 - 220 °C to obtain masterbatch, and then add the masterbatch into an injection molding machine for injection molding;

[0015] S4. Put the injection-molded material into a hot air circulation oven and perform thermoforming treatment at 100 °C - 150 °C for 1 to 4 hours;

[0016] S5. Put the heat-treated material into a vacuum cooling furnace for cooling, take it out after cooling to room temperature to obtain a high-toughness electromagnetic wave shielding material with rare earth yttrium dopant.

[0017] In a further embodiment, the rare earth yttrium dopant has a hollow spherical structure, and the wall thickness of the dopant is at the nanometer level;

[0018] The preparation method of the rare earth yttrium dopant includes the following steps:

[0019] R1. Prepare yttrium-iron modified powder;

[0020] R2. Prepare and functionalize hollow microspheres;

[0021] R3. Stir and dissolve the yttrium-iron modified powder and hollow microspheres prepared in R1 and R2, and perform washing and drying treatments.

[0022] In a further embodiment, the preparation method of the yttrium-iron modified powder includes the following steps:

[0023] T1. Weigh 5 - 20 g of ferric nitrate nonahydrate and 3 - 15 g of yttrium nitrate hexahydrate in a beaker, measure 50 - 240 ml of distilled water, disperse them completely by ultrasonic treatment to form a metal salt solution, pour the completely dispersed liquid into a three-necked flask, and place it in a constant temperature water bath at 15 - 45 °C;

[0024] T2. Take 2 - 15 ml of concentrated ammonia water and dilute it in 40 ml of distilled water, and drop the diluted solution of concentrated ammonia water into the metal salt solution;

[0025] T3. Centrifuge the liquid after the reaction in T2, wash it several times with the distilled water, then place it in a vacuum drying oven at 30 - 70 °C for drying, and fully grind the dried particles into powder;

[0026] T4. Place the powder ground in T3 in a vacuum tube furnace and calcine it at 600 - 1000 °C for 1 - 4 h;

[0027] T5. Grind the calcined powder in T5 again to obtain powdered yttrium iron garnet.

[0028] In a further embodiment, the method for preparing the hollow microspheres comprises the following steps:

[0029] Q1: Prepare polystyrene microspheres. Weigh 5 - 25 g of refined polystyrene solution into a three-necked flask, add 50 - 200 ml of distilled water, introduce a nitrogen protection atmosphere into the three-necked flask and continuously stir until the temperature rises to 60 - 80 °C. After stirring for 15 - 45 min, add 0.1 - 0.5 g of ammonium sulfate solution and let it react with the mixed liquid in the three-necked flask for 18 - 30 h. Pour the obtained white solution into a centrifuge tube for centrifugal separation; then, repeatedly centrifuge and wash with distilled water and absolute ethanol, and redisperse the obtained sample in a fixed amount of distilled water;

[0030] Q2: Prepare silica hollow microspheres. Take the polystyrene solution in a three-necked flask, add 10 - 60 ml of deionized water, sequentially drop in 0.2 - 0.8 g of ammonium sulfate solution and 0.3 - 1.5 g of tetraethyl orthosilicate, and react at room temperature for 36 - 72 h; then, obtain polystyrene-silica composite solid microspheres through filtration, washing, and drying; place the obtained solid microspheres in a muffle furnace and heat them to 400 - 800 °C to calcine and remove the polystyrene hard template to obtain hollow-structured silica microspheres;

[0031] Q3: Functionalize the silica hollow microspheres. Add the silica microspheres, absolute ethanol, and octadecyltriethoxysilane to a three-necked flask and reflux under nitrogen protection for 5 - 20 h; then, cool it to room temperature, centrifuge the cooled reaction solution, wash it with absolute ethanol multiple times, and dry it under the condition of 40 - 80 °C to obtain alkylated silica hollow microspheres.

[0032] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0033] (1) By adding rare earth yttrium dopants to the matrix material, the present invention significantly improves the electromagnetic wave shielding performance of the material.

[0034] (2) By adding reinforcing fibers and coupling agents, the present invention improves the mechanical properties and aging resistance of the material.

[0035] (3) By adding antioxidants and lubricants, the present invention improves the antioxidant performance and processing performance of the material.

[0036] (4) By optimizing the raw material formula and preparation process, the high-toughness electromagnetic wave shielding material with rare earth yttrium dopant prepared by the present invention not only has good electromagnetic wave shielding performance, but also has high toughness and aging resistance. Description of the Drawings

[0037] Figure 1 This is the SEM image generated by scanning electron microscope of the high-toughness electromagnetic wave shielding material prepared by the present invention. Detailed Embodiments

[0038] In order to make the content of the present invention easier to be clearly understood, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. The same components are denoted by the same reference numerals. It should be noted that the terms "front", "rear", "left", "right", "upper" and "lower" used in the following description refer to the directions in the drawings, and the terms "inner" and "outer" respectively refer to the directions towards or away from the geometric center of a specific component.

[0039] Example 1

[0040] A high-toughness electromagnetic wave shielding material with rare earth yttrium dopant is made from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 120 parts of epoxy resin, 3 parts of rare earth yttrium dopant with a particle size of 30 nm, 20 parts of glass fiber, 3 parts of silane coupling agent, 2 parts of antioxidant 1010, and 2 parts of stearic acid.

[0041] Its preparation method includes the following steps:

[0042] (1) Weigh each raw material according to the proportion;

[0043] (2) Add epoxy resin, rare earth yttrium dopant, glass fiber, silane coupling agent, antioxidant 1010, and stearic acid into a high-speed mixer, and mix at 100 °C for 20 minutes to obtain a mixed material;

[0044] (3) Add the mixed material into a twin-screw extruder, extrude and pelletize at 200 °C to obtain masterbatch, and add the masterbatch into an injection molding machine for injection molding;

[0045] (4) Put the injection-molded material into a hot air circulation oven and perform high-temperature heat treatment at 120 °C for 2 hours;

[0046] (5) Put the heat-treated material into a vacuum cooling furnace for cooling, take it out after cooling to room temperature, and obtain a high-toughness electromagnetic wave shielding material with rare earth yttrium dopant.

[0047] Example 2

[0048] A high-toughness electromagnetic wave shielding material with rare earth yttrium dopant is made from the following raw materials by weight: 100 parts of phenolic resin, 1 part of rare earth yttrium dopant with a particle size of 20 nm, 15 parts of carbon fiber, 1 part of titanate coupling agent, 1 part of antioxidant 168, and 1 part of calcium stearate.

[0049] Its preparation method includes the following steps:

[0050] (1) Weigh each raw material according to the proportion;

[0051] (2) Add phenolic resin, rare earth yttrium dopant, carbon fiber, titanate coupling agent, antioxidant 168, and calcium stearate into a high-speed mixer, and mix at 90 °C for 15 minutes to obtain a mixed material;

[0052] (3) Add the mixed material into a twin-screw extruder, extrude and pelletize at 180 °C to obtain masterbatch, and add the masterbatch into an injection molding machine for injection molding;

[0053] (4) Put the injection-molded material into a hot air circulation oven and conduct high-temperature heat treatment at 100 °C for 1 hour;

[0054] (5) Put the heat-treated material into a vacuum cooling furnace for cooling, take it out after cooling to room temperature, and obtain a high-toughness electromagnetic wave shielding material with rare earth yttrium dopant.

[0055] Example 3

[0056] A high-toughness electromagnetic wave shielding material with rare earth yttrium dopant is made from the following raw materials by weight: 150 parts of unsaturated polyester resin, 5 parts of rare earth yttrium dopant with a particle size of 40 nm, 30 parts of aramid fiber, 5 parts of aluminate coupling agent, 1 part of antioxidant 264, and 1 part of polyethylene wax.

[0057] Its preparation method includes the following steps:

[0058] (1) Weigh each raw material according to the proportion;

[0059] (2) Add unsaturated polyester resin, rare earth yttrium dopant, aramid fiber, aluminate coupling agent, antioxidant 264, and polyethylene wax into a high-speed mixer, and mix at 120 °C for 30 minutes to obtain a mixed material;

[0060] (3) Add the mixed material into a twin-screw extruder, extrude and pelletize at 220 °C to obtain masterbatch, and add the masterbatch into an injection molding machine for injection molding;

[0061] (4) Put the injection-molded material into a heat treatment furnace and conduct high-temperature heat treatment at 150 °C for 4 hours;

[0062] (5) The heat-treated material is placed in a vacuum cooling furnace for cooling, and after cooling to room temperature, it is taken out to obtain a high-toughness electromagnetic wave shielding material with rare earth yttrium dopant.

[0063] Comparative Example 1

[0064] Compared with Example 1, the difference is that no rare earth yttrium dopant is added.

[0065] Comparative Example 2

[0066] Compared with Example 1, the difference is that no glass fiber is added.

[0067] Comparative Example 3

[0068] Compared with Example 1, the difference is that no coupling agent is added.

[0069] Comparative Example 4

[0070] Compared with Example 1, the difference is that no antioxidant is added.

[0071] Comparative Example 5

[0072] Compared with Example 1, the difference is that no lubricant is added.

[0073] Performance test:

[0074] The electromagnetic wave shielding materials prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-5 are subjected to performance tests, and the test results are shown in the following table:

[0075] Table 1: Performance test results of the electromagnetic wave shielding materials prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-5

[0076]

[0077] As can be seen from the above table, the electromagnetic wave shielding performance, tensile strength, elongation at break, and hardness of the electromagnetic wave shielding materials prepared in Examples 1-3 are all superior to those of the electromagnetic wave shielding materials prepared in Comparative Examples 1-5, indicating that by adding rare earth yttrium dopant to the matrix material in the present invention, the electromagnetic wave shielding performance and mechanical properties of the material are significantly improved; the electromagnetic wave shielding performance, tensile strength, elongation at break, and hardness of the electromagnetic wave shielding material prepared in Example 1 are all superior to those of the electromagnetic wave shielding materials prepared in Examples 2-3, indicating that the addition amount of glass fiber has an impact on the properties of the material, and when the addition amount of glass fiber is 20%, the properties of the material are the best; the electromagnetic wave shielding performance, tensile strength, elongation at break, and hardness of the electromagnetic wave shielding material prepared in Example 1 are all superior to those of the electromagnetic wave shielding materials prepared in Comparative Examples 2-5, indicating that the addition amount of coupling agent has an impact on the properties of the material, and when the addition amount of coupling agent is 3%, the properties of the material are the best; the electromagnetic wave shielding performance, tensile strength, elongation at break, and hardness of the electromagnetic wave shielding material prepared in Example 1 are all superior to those of the electromagnetic wave shielding materials prepared in Comparative Examples 3-5, indicating that the addition amount of antioxidant has an impact on the properties of the material, and when the addition amount of antioxidant is 2%, the properties of the material are the best; the electromagnetic wave shielding performance, tensile strength, elongation at break, and hardness of the electromagnetic wave shielding material prepared in Example 1 are all superior to those of the electromagnetic wave shielding materials prepared in Comparative Examples 4-5, indicating that the addition amount of lubricant has an impact on the properties of the material, and when the addition amount of lubricant is 2%, the properties of the material are the best.

[0078] The rare earth yttrium dopant has a hollow spherical structure, and the wall thickness of the dopant is at the nanometer level;

[0079] The preparation method of the rare earth yttrium dopant includes the following steps:

[0080] R1. Prepare yttrium iron modified powder;

[0081] R2. Prepare and functionalize hollow microspheres;

[0082] R3. Stir and dissolve the yttrium iron modified powder and hollow microspheres prepared in R1 and R2, and perform washing and drying treatments; specifically, dissolve silica and yttrium iron modified powder in distilled water at a mass ratio of 1:1, and stir continuously for 24 hours, and then obtain yttrium iron garnet through washing and drying treatments.

[0083] Preparation method 1:

[0084] The preparation method of the yttrium iron modified powder includes the following steps:

[0085] T1. Weigh 5 g of ferric nitrate nonahydrate and 3 g of yttrium nitrate hexahydrate into a beaker, measure 50 ml of distilled water, and disperse them completely by ultrasonic treatment to form a metal salt solution. Pour the above-mentioned completely dispersed liquid into a three-necked flask and place it in a constant temperature water bath at 15 °C.

[0086] T2. Dilute 2 ml of concentrated ammonia water in 40 ml of distilled water, and drop the diluted solution of concentrated ammonia water into the metal salt solution. Control the dropping time within 10 min and react for 1 h under the condition of 15 °C.

[0087] T3. Centrifuge the liquid after the reaction in T2, wash it several times with the distilled water, then place it in a vacuum drying oven at 30 °C for drying, and fully grind the dried particles into powder.

[0088] T4. Place the powder ground in T3 into a vacuum tube furnace and calcine it at 600 °C for 1 h.

[0089] T5. Grind the powder after calcination in T5 again to obtain powdered yttrium iron garnet.

[0090] Preparation method two:

[0091] The preparation method of the yttrium iron modified powder includes the following steps:

[0092] T1. Weigh 10 g of ferric nitrate nonahydrate and 4 g of yttrium nitrate hexahydrate into a beaker, measure 100 ml of distilled water, and disperse them completely by ultrasonic treatment to form a metal salt solution. Pour the above-mentioned completely dispersed liquid into a three-necked flask and place it in a constant temperature water bath at 25 °C.

[0093] T2. Dilute 4 ml of concentrated ammonia water in 40 ml of distilled water, and drop the diluted solution of concentrated ammonia water into the metal salt solution. Control the dropping time within 20 min and react for 1.5 h under the condition of 25 °C.

[0094] T3. Centrifuge the liquid after the reaction in T2, wash it several times with the distilled water, then place it in a vacuum drying oven at 50 °C for drying, and fully grind the dried particles into powder.

[0095] T4. Place the powder ground in T3 into a vacuum tube furnace and calcine it at 700 °C for 1.5 h.

[0096] T5. Grind the powder after calcination in T5 again to obtain powdered yttrium iron garnet. Preparation method three:

[0097] The preparation method of the yttrium iron modified powder includes the following steps:

[0098] T1. Weigh 12.12 g of iron(III) nitrate nonahydrate and 6.894 g of yttrium(III) nitrate hexahydrate into a beaker, measure 160 ml of distilled water, and disperse them completely by ultrasonic treatment to form a metal salt solution. Pour the above completely dispersed liquid into a three-necked flask and place it in a constant temperature water bath at 30 °C.

[0099] T2. Dilute 8 ml of concentrated ammonia water in 40 ml of distilled water, and drip the diluted solution of concentrated ammonia water into the metal salt solution. Control the dripping time within 30 min and react for 2 h at 30 °C.

[0100] T3. Centrifuge the liquid after the reaction in T2, wash it several times with the distilled water, then place it in a vacuum drying oven at 60 °C for drying, and fully grind the dried particles into a powder.

[0101] T4. Place the powder ground in T3 into a vacuum tube furnace and calcine it at 800 °C for 2 h.

[0102] T5. Grind the powder after calcination in T5 again to obtain the fourth preparation method of powdered yttrium iron garnet.

[0103] The preparation method of the yttrium iron modified powder includes the following steps:

[0104] T1. Weigh 16 g of iron(III) nitrate nonahydrate and 10 g of yttrium(III) nitrate hexahydrate into a beaker, measure 200 ml of distilled water, and disperse them completely by ultrasonic treatment to form a metal salt solution. Pour the above completely dispersed liquid into a three-necked flask and place it in a constant temperature water bath at 40 °C.

[0105] T2. Dilute 2 - 15 ml of concentrated ammonia water in 40 ml of distilled water, and drip the diluted solution of concentrated ammonia water into the metal salt solution. Control the dripping time within 35 min and react for 2.5 h at 35 °C.

[0106] T3. Centrifuge the liquid after the reaction in T2, wash it several times with the distilled water, then place it in a vacuum drying oven at 65 °C for drying, and fully grind the dried particles into a powder.

[0107] T4. Place the powder ground in T3 into a vacuum tube furnace and calcine it at 900 °C for 3 h.

[0108] T5. Grind the powder after calcination in T5 again to obtain the fifth preparation method of powdered yttrium iron garnet.

[0109] The preparation method of the yttrium iron modified powder includes the following steps:

[0110] T1. Weigh 20 g of iron(III) nitrate nonahydrate and 15 g of yttrium(III) nitrate hexahydrate into a beaker, measure 240 ml of distilled water, and disperse them completely by ultrasonic treatment to form a metal salt solution. Pour the above completely dispersed liquid into a three-necked flask and place it in a constant temperature water bath at 45 °C.

[0111] T2. Dilute 15 ml of concentrated ammonia water in 40 ml of distilled water, and drip the diluted solution of concentrated ammonia water into the metal salt solution. Control the dripping time within 40 min and react for 3 h under the condition of 40 °C.

[0112] T3. Centrifuge the liquid after the reaction in T2, wash it several times with the distilled water, then place it in a vacuum drying oven at 70 °C for drying, and fully grind the dried particles into a powder.

[0113] T4. Place the powder ground in T3 into a vacuum tube furnace and calcine it at 1000 °C for 4 h.

[0114] T5. Grind the powder after calcination in T5 again to obtain powdered yttrium iron garnet.

[0115] Table 2: Performance test results of Preparation Methods 1 to 5:

[0116] Project Method 1 Method 2 Method 3 Method 4 Method 5 Magnetization (emu / g) 100 125 150 175 200 Coercivity (Oe) 6 15 20 27 30 Thermal stability (℃) -40 50 100 125 150 Thermal expansion coefficient (μm / (m·K)) <![CDATA[7x10 -6 > <![CDATA[7.6x10 -6 > <![CDATA[8x10 -6 > <![CDATA[9x10 -6 > <![CDATA[10x10 -6 >

[0117] As can be seen from the above table, the magnetization intensity, coercivity, thermal stability, and thermal expansion coefficient of the yttrium iron modified powder prepared by Preparation Method 3 are all superior to those of the yttrium iron modified powders prepared by Preparation Methods 1, 2, 4, and 5.

[0118] The preparation method of the hollow microspheres includes the following steps:

[0119] Q1. Prepare polystyrene microspheres. Weigh 5 - 25 g of refined polystyrene solution into a three-necked flask, add 50 - 200 ml of distilled water, introduce a nitrogen protection atmosphere into the three-necked flask and continuously stir until the temperature rises to 60 - 80 °C. After stirring for 15 - 45 min, add 0.1 - 0.5 g of ammonium sulfate solution and let it react with the mixed liquid in the three-necked flask for 18 - 30 h. Pour the obtained white solution into a centrifuge tube for centrifugation, set the rotation speed at 12000 r / min, and the centrifugation time is 10 min. Then, repeatedly centrifuge and wash with distilled water and absolute ethanol, and redisperse the obtained sample in a certain amount of distilled water.

[0120] Q2: To prepare silica hollow microspheres, take the polystyrene solution in a three-necked flask, add 10 - 60 ml of deionized water, and sequentially drop 0.2 - 0.8 g of ammonium sulfate solution and 0.3 - 1.5 g of tetraethyl orthosilicate, and react at room temperature for 36 - 72 h; then, obtain polystyrene-silica composite solid microspheres through filtration, washing, and drying; place the obtained solid microspheres in a muffle furnace, heat it to 400 - 800 °C, and calcine and remove the polystyrene hard template to obtain hollow-structured silica microspheres;

[0121] Q3: For functionalized silica hollow microspheres, add the silica microspheres, anhydrous ethanol, and octadecyltriethoxysilane into a three-necked flask, and reflux for 5 - 20 h under nitrogen protection; then, cool it to room temperature, centrifuge the cooled reaction solution, set the rotation speed to 4000 r-min -1 , and the centrifugation time is 10 min; then wash it with anhydrous ethanol multiple times, and dry it under the condition of 40 - 80 °C to obtain alkylated silica hollow microspheres.

[0122] In summary, by adding rare earth yttrium dopants to the matrix material, the present invention significantly improves the electromagnetic wave shielding performance of the material, while maintaining the high toughness of the material, and solves the problem that it is difficult to have both electromagnetic wave shielding materials and toughness in the prior art.

[0123] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention patent, and are not intended to limit the present invention patent. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention patent shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention patent.

Claims

1. A high-toughness electromagnetic wave shielding material, characterized in that: Made from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100-150 parts of base material, 1-5 parts of rare earth yttrium dopant, 10-30 parts of reinforcing fiber, 1-5 parts of coupling agent, 1-5 parts of antioxidant and 1-5 parts of lubricant.

2. The high-toughness electromagnetic wave shielding material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The matrix material is any one of epoxy resin, phenolic resin and unsaturated polyester resin.

3. The high-toughness electromagnetic wave shielding material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The particle size of the rare earth yttrium dopant is 10-50nm.

4. The high-toughness electromagnetic wave shielding material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reinforcing fiber is any one of glass fiber, carbon fiber and aramid fiber.

5. The high-toughness electromagnetic wave shielding material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The coupling agent is any one of a silane coupling agent, a titanate coupling agent, and an aluminate coupling agent.

6. The high-toughness electromagnetic wave shielding material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The antioxidant is any one of antioxidant 1010, antioxidant 168, and antioxidant 264.

7. The method for preparing a high-toughness electromagnetic wave shielding material according to any one of claims 1 to 6 is characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1, weigh each raw material according to proportion; S2, adding the base material, rare earth yttrium dopant, reinforcing fiber, coupling agent, antioxidant and lubricant into a high-speed mixer, and mixing at 80-120° C. for 10-30 minutes to obtain a mixed material; S3, adding the mixed material into a twin-screw extruder, extruding and granulating at 180-220° C. to obtain master batches, and adding the master batches into an injection molding machine for injection molding; S4, placing the injection molded material into a hot air circulation oven and performing a thermoforming treatment at 100°C-150°C for 1 to 4 hours; S5. Put the heat-treated material into a vacuum cooling furnace for cooling, and take it out after cooling to room temperature to obtain a high-toughness electromagnetic wave shielding material with a rare earth yttrium dopant.

8. The method for preparing a high-toughness electromagnetic wave shielding material according to claim 7, characterized in that: The rare earth yttrium dopant has a hollow spherical structure, and the wall thickness of the dopant is at the nanometer level; The preparation method of the rare earth yttrium dopant comprises the following steps: R1, preparing yttrium iron modified powder; R2, preparation and functionalization of hollow microspheres; R3, stirring and dissolving the yttrium iron modified powder and hollow microspheres prepared in R1 and R2, and washing and drying them.

9. The method for preparing a high-toughness electromagnetic wave shielding material according to claim 8, characterized in that: The preparation method of the yttrium iron modified powder comprises the following steps: T1. Weigh 5-20 g of ferric nitrate nonahydrate and 3-15 g of yttrium nitrate hexahydrate into a beaker, measure 50-240 ml of distilled water, and disperse them completely by ultrasonic treatment to form a metal salt solution. Pour the above completely dispersed liquid into a three-necked flask and place it in a constant temperature water bath at 15-45°C; T2, dilute 2-15 ml of concentrated ammonia water in 40 ml of distilled water, and drop the diluted concentrated ammonia solution into the metal salt solution; T3, centrifugally separating the liquid after the reaction in T2, washing it with the distilled water several times, and then drying it in a vacuum drying oven at 30-70° C., and fully grinding the dried particles into powder; T4, placing the powder ground in T3 in a vacuum tube furnace and calcining at 600-1000° C. for 1-4 h; T5. Grind the calcined powder in T5 again to obtain powdered yttrium iron garnet.

10. The method for preparing a high-toughness electromagnetic wave shielding material according to claim 8, characterized in that: The preparation method of the hollow microspheres comprises the following steps: Q1: To prepare polystyrene microspheres, weigh 5-25g of refined polystyrene solution into a three-necked flask, add 50-200ml of distilled water, add nitrogen protective atmosphere into the three-necked flask and continue stirring until the temperature rises to 60-80°C, stir for 15-45min, add 0.1-0.5g of ammonium sulfate solution, react with the mixed liquid in the three-necked flask for 18-30h, pour the obtained white solution into a centrifuge tube for centrifugal separation; then, repeatedly centrifuge and wash with distilled water and anhydrous ethanol, and redisperse the obtained sample in a certain amount of distilled water; Q2: preparing hollow silica microspheres, taking the polystyrene solution in a three-necked flask, adding 10-60 ml of deionized water, and sequentially dropping 0.2-0.8 g of ammonium sulfate solution and 0.3-1.5 g of tetraethyl orthosilicate, and reacting them at room temperature for 36-72 hours; then, filtering, washing, and drying to obtain polystyrene silica composite solid microspheres; placing the obtained solid microspheres in a muffle furnace, heating it to 400-800° C., calcining and removing the polystyrene hard template, and obtaining hollow structure silica microspheres; Q3: Functionalized hollow silica microspheres. Add the silica microspheres, anhydrous ethanol and octadecyltriethoxysilane into a three-necked flask and reflux for 5-20 hours under nitrogen protection; then cool it to room temperature, centrifuge the cooled reaction solution, wash it with anhydrous ethanol for multiple times, and dry it at 40-80°C to obtain alkylated hollow silica microspheres.

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