Heat treatment furnace, mobile heat treatment system and method for heat treatment of waste material

Abstract

The invention relates to a heat treatment furnace, a mobile heat treatment system and a method for heat treatment of waste materials. The heat treatment furnace comprises a shell part (10), a chain plate type conveyor unit part (20) and a heating part (30), wherein the shell part (10) is provided with a gas-phase material inlet (13); the chain plate type conveying unit part (20) comprises transverse conveying parts (21), and the moving directions of the adjacent transverse conveying parts (21) are opposite; the bottom layer accumulation part (22) is positioned above the material outlet (12) and is used for collecting the materials conveyed by the transverse conveying part (21); and the vertical lifting part (23) is used for lifting the materials in the accumulation part (22) on the bottom layer to the transverse conveying part (21) on the upper layer, so that the materials can circulate in the shell part (10). According to the invention, the retention time of the material in the cavity can be controlled as required in a relatively small space, and anaerobic pyrolysis and aerobic oxidation can be completed in the same cavity in sequence, so that the total volume of the equipment is reduced on the premise of ensuring the material treatment effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of waste pyrolysis, and particularly relates to a heat treatment furnace, a mobile heat treatment system, and a method for heat-treating waste materials. Background Art

[0002] Pyrolysis technology has become one of the mainstream technologies for waste, mainly including two basic modes: anaerobic pyrolysis and aerobic oxidation. Anaerobic pyrolysis is a way to remove organic impurities by decomposing the organic impurities in waste under anaerobic or hypoxic conditions using high temperature. Aerobic oxidation is a way to remove organic matter by oxidizing the organic impurities in waste under the condition of introducing oxygen.

[0003] In recent years, the collaborative disposal mode of anaerobic pyrolysis and aerobic oxidation has gradually become a new application mode of pyrolysis technology. For example, a method for jointly treating organic waste by anaerobic pyrolysis and sub-oxygen gasification disclosed in Chinese Patent Document CN113717755A. The method includes the following steps: (1) Anaerobic pyrolysis step: The organic waste is first subjected to anaerobic pyrolysis in an anaerobic space to obtain solid pyrolysis products and gaseous pyrolysis products, and the gaseous pyrolysis products are led out of the anaerobic space; (2) Sub-oxygen gasification step: The solid pyrolysis products are led out of the anaerobic space to an independent gasification space, and a gasification medium is introduced into the gasification space to make the gasification space in a hypoxic state. The remaining organic matter in the solid pyrolysis products undergoes a gasification reaction in the gasification space, and the combustible gas generated by the gasification reaction is led out of the gasification space. Chinese Patent Document CN113637491A also discloses a solid waste pyrolysis-oxidation collaborative disposal device, which includes an anaerobic furnace body and an aerobic furnace body arranged horizontally in layers. The material is subjected to anaerobic pyrolysis in the upper anaerobic furnace body and then falls into the lower aerobic furnace body for full-oxygen oxidation or sub-oxygen gasification. A gas locking mechanism is provided between the anaerobic furnace body and the aerobic furnace body to prevent the oxygen-containing gas in the aerobic furnace body from entering the anaerobic furnace body.

[0004] Secondly, in order to improve the pyrolysis efficiency, the prior art often increases the residence time by extending the moving route of the waste in the heat treatment furnace. For example, a cluster distributed static rotary pyrolysis device disclosed in Chinese Patent Document CN215336344U uses a chain plate group to drive the waste material to move in the pyrolysis cavity. The upper chain plate drives the material to move from left to right to the right end and then falls onto the lower chain plate. The lower chain plate drives the material to move in the reverse direction and then falls onto the next layer of chain plate. In this way, it moves layer by layer and finally discharges from the coke discharging port. During the movement process, the heating tubes arranged above the chain plate continuously heat the material, causing its organic components to decompose by heat, and the generated pyrolysis gas is discharged from the pyrolysis gas outlet. The disadvantage of this solution is that the multi-layer arranged chain plates result in a large volume of the pyrolysis cavity.

[0005] For a movable heat treatment system, it is of great significance to reduce the overall volume of the equipment while ensuring normal treatment effects. If its heat treatment furnace can meet the needs of anaerobic pyrolysis and aerobic oxidation, it will not only make the movable heat treatment system more adaptable, but also further reduce the volume of the overall equipment. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The first object of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a heat treatment furnace for batch processing of materials, which can not only control the residence time of materials in the furnace body as required in a relatively small space, but also enable anaerobic pyrolysis and aerobic oxidation to be completed successively in the same furnace body, thereby reducing the overall volume of the equipment on the premise of ensuring the material treatment effect.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: Heat treatment furnace, comprising A housing part, which provides a reaction space for heat treatment. The housing part has a material inlet, a material outlet, a gas-phase substance inlet, and a gas-phase product outlet; A chain plate conveyor unit part, which provides a transportation platform for the movement of materials in the housing part; A heating part, which provides heat energy for heat treatment; The chain plate conveyor unit part includes A horizontal conveying part, with at least 2 in number, arranged vertically, and the movement directions of adjacent horizontal conveying parts are opposite, for reversely transferring materials from the upper space of the housing part to the lower space; A bottom accumulation part, located above the material outlet, for collecting the materials conveyed by the horizontal conveying part; A vertical lifting part, whose bottom is located in the bottom accumulation part, for lifting the materials in the bottom accumulation part to the horizontal conveying part located in the upper layer, so that the materials can circulate in the housing part.

[0008] The inventive concept of this application lies in: a gas-phase substance inlet is opened on the housing of the heat treatment furnace, and nitrogen or oxygen can be selectively introduced into the housing, so that the cavity can be selectively used as an anaerobic pyrolysis furnace or an aerobic oxidation furnace. It can also be used as an anaerobic pyrolysis furnace first and then as an aerobic oxidation furnace, so that the materials can successively complete anaerobic pyrolysis and aerobic oxidation without changing the space. Secondly, the horizontal conveying part, the bottom accumulation part, and the vertical lifting part of the chain plate conveyor unit part form a closed loop, so that the materials can circulate infinitely in the cavity, and the theoretical residence time can be infinitely extended. When it is equipped on a movable heat treatment system, the movement time of the materials in the cavity can be adjusted according to the heat source temperature or the material properties, so as to ensure the treatment effect.

[0009] As an improvement, a scraper conveyor is arranged in the housing part. The scraper conveyor is located at the bottom of the housing part and is used to scrape the materials scattered at the bottom of the housing part towards the bottom accumulation part.

[0010] As an improvement, the heating part is an electric heating rod, which is arranged above each horizontal conveying part or on the side wall of the housing part. To match the mobility of the heat treatment furnace, the heating part is an electric heating rod, which can supply heat energy when powered on. By controlling the number of energized electric heating rods, the heat treatment temperature can be conveniently adjusted.

[0011] As an improvement, the gas-phase material inlet is connected to a protective gas pipeline and a reaction gas pipeline. The protective gas pipeline and the reaction gas pipeline are respectively controlled by independent control valves for opening and closing. When one pipeline is in the open state, the other pipeline is in the closed state.

[0012] As a further improvement, the gas-phase product outlet is connected to a pyrolysis gas pipeline and a tail gas pipeline. The pyrolysis gas pipeline and the tail gas pipeline are respectively controlled by independent control valves for opening and closing. When one pipeline is in the open state, the other pipeline is in the closed state.

[0013] As a further improvement, the chain plate type conveying unit is equipped with a coke cleaning scraper, which is located at the bottom of each horizontal conveying part and is used for scraping the return chain plate.

[0014] Another object of the present invention is to provide a mobile heat treatment system, including a mobile platform and a heat treatment device, a pyrolysis gas treatment device, and a tail gas treatment device installed on the mobile platform. The heat treatment device is the heat treatment furnace as described above.

[0015] As an improvement, the gas-phase material inlet of the heat treatment device is connected to a protective gas pipeline and a reaction gas pipeline on its housing part. The protective gas pipeline and the reaction gas pipeline are respectively controlled by independent control valves for opening and closing. The protective gas pipeline is connected to a nitrogen tank, and the reaction gas pipeline is connected to the atmosphere; the gas-phase product outlet of the heat treatment device is connected to a pyrolysis gas pipeline and a tail gas pipeline on its housing part. The pyrolysis gas pipeline and the tail gas pipeline are respectively controlled by independent control valves for opening and closing. The pyrolysis gas pipeline is connected to the pyrolysis gas treatment device, and the tail gas pipeline is connected to the tail gas treatment device.

[0016] The third object of the present invention is to provide a method for heat-treating waste materials, including the following steps, S1. Input a certain amount of materials into a heated enclosed space, and the enclosed space is provided with a gas-phase material inlet and a gas-phase product outlet; S2. Move the materials in the enclosed space, and the movement route of the materials forms a closed loop. The gas-phase products generated by the heat treatment are led out of the enclosed space; S3. After the materials are circulated in the enclosed space for a preset time, lead the materials out of the enclosed space.

[0017] As an improvement, the materials are conveyed by the chain plate type conveying unit in the enclosed space, so that the materials are in a flat state.

[0018] As an improvement, the chain plate conveyor unit includes At least two horizontal conveying parts, arranged vertically, with opposite movement directions of adjacent horizontal conveying parts, for reversely transferring materials from the upper space to the lower space of the closed space; The bottom accumulation part, located above the material outlet, for collecting the materials conveyed by the horizontal conveying part; The vertical lifting part, with its bottom located in the bottom accumulation part, for lifting the materials in the bottom accumulation part to the horizontal conveying part in the upper layer, so that the materials can circulate in the closed space.

[0019] As a further improvement, the vertical lifting part is driven by an independent driving mechanism. By adjusting the conveying speed of the vertical lifting part, the change of the stacking thickness of the materials on the horizontal conveying part can be realized.

[0020] As a further improvement, in step S1, nitrogen is introduced in the first stage, and air or oxygen is introduced in the second stage.

[0021] In summary, through the improvement of the heat treatment furnace, the present invention can complete anaerobic pyrolysis and aerobic oxidation in the same closed space. The continuous circulation of the materials in the cavity enables the full progress of anaerobic pyrolysis and aerobic oxidation to ensure the processing efficiency of the materials. Of course, the heat treatment furnace can also be used alone as an anaerobic pyrolysis furnace or an aerobic oxidation furnace. After the mobile heat treatment system is equipped with this heat treatment furnace, compared with the prior art, the volume of the whole system can be reduced, making it more convenient to move. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0022] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the cooperation relationship among the protective gas pipeline, the reaction gas pipeline and the gas phase inlet of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the cooperation relationship among the pyrolysis gas pipeline, the tail gas pipeline and the gas phase product outlet of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a schematic structural diagram of the mobile heat treatment system of the present invention.

[0023] In the figure: 10, housing part; 11, material inlet; 12, material outlet; 13, gas phase inlet; 131, protective gas pipeline; 132, reaction gas pipeline; 14, gas phase product outlet; 141, pyrolysis gas pipeline; 142, tail gas pipeline; 20, chain plate conveyor unit; 21, horizontal conveying part; 22, bottom accumulation part; 23, vertical lifting part; 30, heating part; 40, scraper conveyor; 50, coke cleaning scraper; 60, mobile platform; 70, nitrogen tank; 80, pyrolysis gas treatment device; 90, tail gas treatment device. Detailed implementation manners Embodiment

[0024] As Figure 1 shown, for the heat treatment furnace described in the present application, its main body is a housing part 10 and a chain plate type conveyor unit part 20 located inside the housing part 10. The housing part 10 serves as a reaction space for heat treatment, and heat insulation materials are provided on the surface. The housing part 10 has a material inlet 11, a material outlet 12, a gas phase inlet 13, and a gas phase product outlet 14. Valves are provided for both the material inlet 11 and the material outlet 12, and the material inlet 11 and the material outlet 12 are kept closed during heat treatment. As Figure 2 shown, the gas phase inlet 13 is connected to a protective gas pipeline 131 and a reaction gas pipeline 132, and the opening and closing of the protective gas pipeline 131 and the reaction gas pipeline 132 are respectively controlled by independent control valves. As Figure 3 shown, the gas phase product outlet 14 is connected to a pyrolysis gas pipeline 141 and an exhaust gas pipeline 142, and the opening and closing of the pyrolysis gas pipeline 141 and the exhaust gas pipeline 142 are respectively controlled by independent control valves.

[0025] The chain plate type conveyor unit part 20 provides a transportation platform for the movement of materials in the housing part 10, enabling the materials to continuously circulate inside the housing part 10. It includes a horizontal conveyor part 21, a bottom accumulation part 22, and a vertical lifting part 23.

[0026] The number of the horizontal conveyor parts 21 is 2, which are arranged parallel up and down. The horizontal length of the lower horizontal conveyor part 21 is greater than that of the upper horizontal conveyor part 21, and the movement directions of the upper and lower horizontal conveyor parts 21 are opposite, for reversely transferring materials from the upper space of the housing part 10 to the lower space. The bottom accumulation part 22 is located above the material outlet 12 and is used for collecting the materials conveyed by the horizontal conveyor part 21. The bottom of the vertical lifting part 23 is located inside the bottom accumulation part 22 and is used for lifting the materials in the bottom accumulation part 22 to the upper horizontal conveyor part 21, so that the materials can circulate inside the housing part 10. The horizontal conveyor part 21 and the vertical lifting part 23 are driven by different drive mechanisms. When the vertical lifting part 23 stops working, the materials can be exported from the material outlet 12 through the bottom accumulation part 22, converting the batch processing mode of the materials into a traditional assembly line processing mode.

[0027] A scraper 40 is further provided at the bottom of the housing part 10 for scraping the materials at the bottom of the housing part 10 towards the bottom accumulation part 22. The chain plate type conveyor unit part 20 is also provided with a coke cleaning scraper 50, and the coke cleaning scraper 50 is located at the bottom of each horizontal conveyor part 21 for scraping the return chain plates.

[0028] A heating part 30 is provided on the housing part 10. The heating part 30 is preferably an electric heating rod, which is arranged above each horizontal conveying part 21 or at the side wall of the housing part 10. Of course, as an obvious variation, the heating method of the heating part 30 can also refer to the heating methods of Chinese patent document CN113637491A or Chinese patent document CN215336344U.

[0029] The method for heat-treating waste materials using this heat treatment furnace includes the following steps: S1. Input a certain amount of materials into the heated enclosed space, and the enclosed space is equipped with a gas-phase material inlet and a gas-phase product outlet; if an anaerobic pyrolysis process is adopted, nitrogen is introduced through the gas-phase material inlet. If an aerobic oxidation scheme is adopted, oxygen or air is introduced through the gas-phase material inlet. For some materials that require combined treatment of anaerobic pyrolysis and aerobic oxidation, such as waste salt, nitrogen is introduced in the first stage, and air or oxygen is introduced in the second stage.

[0030] S2. Use the chain plate conveyor unit to make the materials move flatly in the enclosed space. The movement route of the materials forms a closed loop, and the gas-phase products generated by the heat treatment are led out of the enclosed space. The chain plate conveyor unit 20 includes a horizontal conveying part 21, a bottom accumulation part 22, and a vertical lifting part 23. The bottom accumulation part 22 is used for transition and adjustment, and there is a certain amount of material accumulation in it. The horizontal conveying part 21 and the vertical lifting part 23 are driven by different drive mechanisms. When the thickness of the materials on the horizontal conveying part 21 is too thick, the transmission speed of the vertical lifting part can be reduced. When the material accumulation in the bottom accumulation part 22 is too much or the thickness of the materials on the horizontal conveying part 21 is too small, the transmission speed of the vertical lifting part can be increased.

[0031] S3. After the materials are circulated in the enclosed space for a preset time, the materials are led out of the enclosed space. The specific treatment time and temperature are determined through experiments according to the specific material state. Embodiment

[0032] As Figure 4As shown in the figure, a mobile heat treatment system includes a mobile platform 60 and a heat treatment device, a pyrolysis gas treatment device, and an exhaust gas treatment device installed on the mobile platform 60. Among them, the heat treatment device is the heat treatment furnace described in Embodiment 1. The heat treatment device is connected with a protective gas pipeline 131 and a reaction gas pipeline 132 at the gas-phase material inlet 13 of its housing part 10. The protective gas pipeline 131 is communicated with a nitrogen gas tank 70, and the reaction gas pipeline 132 is communicated with the atmosphere; the heat treatment device is connected with a pyrolysis gas pipeline 141 and an exhaust gas pipeline 142 at the gas-phase product outlet 14 of its housing part 10. The pyrolysis gas pipeline 141 is communicated with the pyrolysis gas treatment device 80, and the exhaust gas pipeline 142 is communicated with the exhaust gas treatment device 90. When the protective gas pipeline 131 is in a through state, the gas generated by the housing part 10 is mainly pyrolysis gas, and the pyrolysis gas pipeline 141 is correspondingly in a through state. When the reaction gas pipeline 132 is in a through state, the gas generated by the housing part 10 is mainly oxidation exhaust gas, and the exhaust gas pipeline 142 is correspondingly in a through state.

Claims

1. Heat treatment furnace, comprising a housing part (10) that provides a reaction space for heat treatment. The housing part (10) has a material inlet (11), a material outlet (12), a gas-phase material inlet (13), and a gas-phase product outlet (14); a chain plate conveyor unit part (20) that provides a conveying platform for the movement of materials in the housing part (10); a heating part (30) that provides heat energy for heat treatment; characterized in that: the chain plate conveyor unit part (20) includes a horizontal conveying part (21), with at least two in number, arranged vertically, and the movement directions of adjacent horizontal conveying parts (21) are opposite, for reversely transferring materials from the upper space of the housing part (10) to the lower space; a bottom accumulation part (22), located above the material outlet (12), for collecting the materials conveyed by the horizontal conveying part (21); a vertical lifting part (23), whose bottom is located in the bottom accumulation part (22), for lifting the materials in the bottom accumulation part (22) to the horizontal conveying part (21) located in the upper layer, so that the materials can circulate in the housing part (10).

2. The heat treatment furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: a scraper conveyor (40) is arranged in the housing part (10), and the scraper conveyor (40) is located at the bottom of the housing part (10), for scraping the materials at the bottom of the housing part (10) towards the bottom accumulation part (22).

3. The heat treatment furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: the heating part (30) is an electric heating rod, and the electric heating rod is arranged above each horizontal conveying part (21) or at the side wall of the housing part (10).

4. The heat treatment furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: the gas-phase material inlet (13) is connected to a protective gas pipeline (131) and a reaction gas pipeline (132), and the protective gas pipeline (131) and the reaction gas pipeline (132) are respectively controlled by independent control valves for opening and closing.

5. The heat treatment furnace according to claim 4, characterized in that: the gas-phase product outlet (14) is connected to a pyrolysis gas pipeline (141) and a tail gas pipeline (142), and the pyrolysis gas pipeline (141) and the tail gas pipeline (142) are respectively controlled by independent control valves for opening and closing.

6. The heat treatment furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: the chain plate conveyor unit part (20) is equipped with a coke cleaning scraper (50), and the coke cleaning scraper (50) is located at the bottom of each horizontal conveying part (21), for scraping the return chain plates.

7. A mobile heat treatment system, comprising a mobile platform (60) and a heat treatment device, a pyrolysis gas treatment device, and a tail gas treatment device installed on the mobile platform (60), characterized in that: the heat treatment device is the heat treatment furnace according to claim 1.

8. The mobile heat treatment system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The heat treatment device is connected with a protective gas pipeline (131) and a reaction gas pipeline (132) at the gas-phase material inlet (13) of its housing part (10). The opening and closing of the protective gas pipeline (131) and the reaction gas pipeline (132) are respectively controlled by independent control valves. The protective gas pipeline (131) is communicated with a nitrogen gas tank (70), and the reaction gas pipeline (132) is communicated with the atmosphere. The heat treatment device is connected with a pyrolysis gas pipeline (141) and an exhaust gas pipeline (142) at the gas-phase product outlet (14) of its housing part (10). The opening and closing of the pyrolysis gas pipeline (141) and the exhaust gas pipeline (142) are respectively controlled by independent control valves. The pyrolysis gas pipeline (141) is communicated with a pyrolysis gas treatment device (80), and the exhaust gas pipeline (142) is communicated with an exhaust gas treatment device (90).

9. A method for heat-treating waste materials, characterized in that: it includes the following steps, S1. Input a certain amount of materials into a heated enclosed space, and the enclosed space is provided with a gas-phase material inlet and a gas-phase product outlet; S2. Move the materials in the enclosed space, and the movement route of the materials forms a closed loop, and the gas-phase products generated by the heat treatment are led out of the enclosed space; S3. After the materials are circulated in the enclosed space for a preset time, the materials are led out of the enclosed space.

10. The method for heat-treating waste materials according to claim 9, characterized in that: the materials are conveyed by a chain plate conveyor unit in the enclosed space, so that the materials are in a flat state.

11. The method for heat-treating waste materials according to claim 9, characterized in that: the chain plate conveyor unit includes a horizontal conveying part, the number of which is at least 2, arranged vertically, and the movement directions of adjacent horizontal conveying parts are opposite, and are used for reversely conveying the materials from the upper space of the enclosed space to the lower space; a bottom accumulation part, located above the material outlet, and is used for collecting the materials conveyed by the horizontal conveying part; a vertical lifting part, the bottom of which is located in the bottom accumulation part, and is used for lifting the materials in the bottom accumulation part to the horizontal conveying part located in the upper layer, so that the materials can circulate in the enclosed space.

12. The method for heat-treating waste materials according to claim 11, characterized in that: the vertical lifting part is driven by an independent driving mechanism, and by adjusting the conveying speed of the vertical lifting part, the change of the stacking thickness of the materials on the horizontal conveying part can be realized.

13. The method for heat-treating waste materials according to claim 9, characterized in that: in the step S1, nitrogen is introduced in the first stage, and air or oxygen is introduced in the second stage.

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