Device for in-situ preparation of biochar from straw

Abstract

The invention discloses a device for in-situ preparation of biochar from straw in the technical field of biochar preparation, and the device comprises a moving part which is of a crawler-type structure; the cutting part is provided with a plurality of cutting cutterheads, and each cutting cutterhead is provided with a plurality of blades; the humidity adjusting unit comprises a first humidity sensor and further comprises a water spraying pipe; a plurality of gas inlet pipelines are arranged above the carbonization part, and a charcoal discharge port is formed below the carbonization part; a feeding hole is formed above the carbonization part; the combustion part is positioned below the carbonization part, a feeding hole and an ignition hole are formed in the combustion part, the combustion part is communicated with a heat conduction pipeline, and one end of the heat conduction pipeline is communicated with the carbonization part; the temperature control unit comprises a temperature sensor; the electric heater is arranged in the carbonization part. According to the invention, straws can be efficiently converted into biochar to realize returning to the field, and meanwhile, the straws can be carbonized in situ in the field through a temperature control and humidity adjusting system to generate high-quality biochar.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of biochar preparation, and in particular to a device for preparing biochar in situ from straw. Background Art

[0002] In modern agricultural production, straw is an important agricultural byproduct, and its treatment method has always been a problem that troubles farmers and environmentalists. The traditional burning method not only causes air pollution, but also wastes organic resources. Converting straw into biochar is an environmentally friendly and economical treatment method. Biochar has multiple advantages such as improving soil fertility, improving soil structure and increasing water retention capacity. The steps of the existing technology are generally:

[0003] 1. Raw material preparation: After the crops are harvested, the straw should be collected in time to avoid the straw being left in the field for a long time and causing pollution or loss. The collected straw should be cleaned, dried and cut for subsequent carbonization treatment.

[0004] 2. Carbonization treatment: Prepare a straw carbonization equipment suitable for field operations, such as a continuous carbonization furnace, a horizontal carbonization furnace, etc. These equipment should have the characteristics of high efficiency, energy saving, and environmental protection. The pretreated straw is sent to the carbonization equipment and heated under anaerobic or oxygen-free conditions. As the temperature rises, the moisture in the straw gradually evaporates. When the temperature reaches a certain level (such as above 400°C), the straw begins to carbonize and form biochar. During the carbonization process, the temperature, pressure, time and other parameters of the carbonization equipment need to be strictly controlled to ensure the quality and performance of the biochar.

[0005] 3. Post-processing: The carbonized biochar is cooled and then screened to remove impurities and small particles.

[0006] The biochar can be crushed or granulated as needed to facilitate transportation, storage and application.

[0007] 4. Application and return to the field: Spread the treated biochar evenly on the farmland soil and mix it evenly with the soil. You can also mix the biochar with other organic fertilizers to make straw charcoal organic fertilizer and then apply it. At the same time, the application amount of biochar should be reasonably determined according to factors such as soil type, crop type and biochar quality. Generally speaking, the application amount should be moderate to avoid excessive or insufficient application.

[0008] V. Effect evaluation and adjustment After applying biochar, regularly monitor and evaluate soil quality and crop growth to understand the specific impact of biochar on soil and crops. According to the evaluation results, timely adjust the biochar application plan to achieve the best soil improvement and yield increase effect.

[0009] In the prior art, usually after straw is collected, it is transported to a carbonization processing factory for centralized treatment. It is difficult to timely put the biochar into the original position after in-situ carbonization in the field, resulting in low carbonization efficiency and insufficient resource utilization.

[0010] Therefore, the present invention proposes a device for in-situ preparation of biochar from straw, which can efficiently convert straw into biochar and realize returning it to the field to improve soil quality. Summary of the Invention

[0011] To solve the above problems, the present invention provides a device for in-situ preparation of biochar from straw. While being able to efficiently convert straw into biochar and realize returning it to the field to improve soil quality, through a temperature control and humidity adjustment system, the straw can be carbonized in-situ in the field to generate high-quality biochar.

[0012] To achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: A device for in-situ preparation of biochar from straw, comprising: A moving part, the moving part is of a crawler structure, and a control unit for controlling the movement of the moving part is arranged above the moving part; A cutting part, the cutting part is equipped with a plurality of cutting cutter disks, and a plurality of blades are arranged on each cutting cutter disk. A driving unit for driving the rotation of the cutting cutter disk is arranged inside the cutting part, and a collection trough is installed below the cutting part; A humidity adjustment unit, the humidity adjustment unit includes a first humidity sensor for detecting the humidity of the straw in the collection trough, and the first humidity sensor is installed in the collection trough; It also includes a water spray pipe installed on one side of the collection trough for adjusting the humidity of the straw in the collection trough; A carbonization part, the carbonization part is of a cylindrical structure and is located on the top of the moving part. A plurality of air inlet pipes are arranged on one side of the upper part of the carbonization part, and air inlet electric valves are arranged on each air inlet pipe. An exhaust pipe is arranged on the side of the upper part of the carbonization part far from the air inlet electric valve, and an exhaust electric valve is installed in the exhaust pipe. The exhaust electric valve is electrically connected to a controller, and the controller is electrically connected to the air inlet electric valve. A biochar discharge port is arranged below the carbonization part; A feeding port is arranged on the top of the carbonization part; A combustion part, the combustion part is of a furnace body structure, the combustion part is located below the carbonization part, a feeding port and an ignition hole are opened below the combustion part, and a heat conduction pipe is connected to the combustion part. The other end of the heat conduction pipe is connected to one side below the carbonization part; A temperature control unit, the temperature control unit includes a temperature sensor for detecting the real-time temperature inside the carbonization part, and the temperature sensor is arranged inside the carbonization part and is electrically connected to the controller; It also includes an electric heater arranged inside the carbonization part, and the electric heater is electrically connected to the controller; A transmission part, the transmission part is of a belt transmission structure for sending the materials in the collection trough to the feeding port; One end of the transmission part passes through the cutting part and extends into the cutting part, and is fixedly connected to the cutting part by bolts. The other end of the transmission part is fixed above the carbonization part and corresponds to the feeding port.

[0013] Principle of the basic solution: The cutting cutter head is driven to rotate by the driving unit, so that the blades on it cut the straw into straw segments of appropriate length and collect them into the collection tank. Then, water is sprayed on the straw segments through the water spray pipe, and the humidity of the whole straw segments is controlled by the first humidity sensor. After stirring evenly, they are put into the carbonization part, and fuel is added to the combustion part and ignited. Heat is transmitted into the carbonization part through the heat conduction pipeline to carbonize the straw segments therein; and the electric heater in the carbonization part can also be started to heat the straw segments therein. At the same time, the temperature in the carbonization part is precisely controlled by the temperature sensor, and the humidity in the carbonization part is precisely controlled through the comprehensive control of the second humidity sensor, the exhaust fan and the exhaust electric valve, so as to realize the efficient and precise control of the temperature and humidity in the carbonization process.

[0014] The following beneficial effects can be obtained by adopting the above solution: 1. In this solution, the water spray volume of the water spray pipe can be automatically adjusted according to the data of the first humidity sensor, and the humidity of the straw during pretreatment can be precisely controlled, so as to facilitate the control of the efficiency of the subsequent carbonization process and reduce the possibility of low carbonization efficiency caused by excessive wetting or excessive drying of the straw. Moreover, through the synergistic effect of the second humidity sensor, the temperature sensor and the electric heater, as well as the precise adjustment of the intake electric valve and the exhaust electric valve, the dual precise control of the temperature and humidity in the carbonization process can be realized, thus improving the yield and quality of biochar.

[0015] 2. In this solution, by designing the moving part with a crawler structure, the device can easily move between different farmlands or straw stacking sites without fixed installation, improving the flexibility and convenience of use. At the same time, all functional units (cutting, humidity adjustment, carbonization, combustion, temperature control, transmission) are integrated on the same device to form a complete biochar preparation production line, reducing the floor area and transportation cost, so that the straw can be directly carbonized in the field and then put in place.

[0016] Furthermore, the humidity adjustment unit further includes a second humidity sensor for detecting the real-time humidity inside the carbonization part. The second humidity sensor is installed inside the carbonization part and is electrically connected to the controller.

[0017] Beneficial effect: The addition of the second humidity sensor can real-time monitor the humidity situation inside the carbonization part. Working together with the first humidity sensor, it can form the humidity monitoring of the whole process of straw from collection to carbonization. According to the data of the two humidity sensors, the controller can more precisely adjust the water spray volume of the water spray pipe to ensure that the humidity of the straw before entering the carbonization part and during the carbonization process remains within the optimal range, thus improving the quality of biochar.

[0018] Furthermore, an exhaust fan electrically connected to the controller is arranged in the exhaust pipeline.

[0019] Beneficial effects: The addition of the exhaust fan enables more proactive control over the emission of gases generated during the carbonization process. By adjusting the rotational speed of the exhaust fan through the controller, the ventilation volume of the exhaust duct can be precisely controlled, thereby ensuring that harmful gases (such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, etc.) within the carbonization section can be discharged in a timely manner, maintaining air circulation and gas balance within the carbonization section. At the same time, the controller also controls the rotational speed of the exhaust fan based on the humidity within the carbonization section (i.e., the data of the second humidity sensor) to control the exhaust volume, thereby controlling the humidity situation within the carbonization chamber.

[0020] Furthermore, a water tank corresponding to the exhaust duct is provided above the moving part, and a filter is provided within one end of the exhaust duct close to the water tank.

[0021] Beneficial effects: The filter can effectively capture particulate matter and harmful gas components in the exhaust duct, such as carbon black, soot, etc., preventing them from being directly discharged into the atmosphere. In combination with the design of the water tank, some soluble gases in the exhaust (such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, etc.) can be absorbed by water, further purifying the exhaust gas and reducing environmental pollution.

[0022] Furthermore, a refractory support is provided within the carbonization section.

[0023] Beneficial effects: The refractory support is made of high-temperature resistant materials and can withstand the high-temperature environment generated during the carbonization process. This helps to protect the structural integrity of the carbonization section, preventing deformation, cracking, or damage caused by high temperatures, thereby extending the service life of the equipment. The refractory support can evenly support the straw within the carbonization section, ensuring that the straw can be fully heated and evenly carbonized during the carbonization process, helping to improve the yield and quality of biochar, while reducing the proportion of uncarbonized or incompletely carbonized straw. At the same time, it can also prevent safety accidents caused by the straw segments coming into contact with open flames.

[0024] Furthermore, a tipping bucket is provided within the carbonization section below the refractory support. The tipping bucket is rotationally connected to the carbonization section, and a rotating handle is fixedly connected to one rotational connection of the tipping bucket and the carbonization section. The rotating handle is located outside the carbonization section and is rotationally connected to the carbonization section.

[0025] Beneficial effects: The design of the tipping bucket enables the carbonization product (i.e., biochar) to be easily poured out of the carbonization section after carbonization is completed by rotating the handle. This not only simplifies the collection process of the carbonization product but also improves the convenience and efficiency of operation. At the same time, the design of the rotating handle enables the operator to manually control the discharge amount of biochar, ensuring that the carbonized biochar is gradually discharged from the biochar discharge port, avoiding excessive heat remaining within the carbonization section.

[0026] Furthermore, a net-shaped cooling frame corresponding to the biochar discharge port is provided below the biochar discharge port.

[0027] Beneficial effects: The design of the cooling frame enables the generated carbonized products to come into contact with the outside air, facilitating rapid cooling and drying, which is convenient for directly putting these biochars into the field subsequently.

[0028] Furthermore, a liquid level sensor electrically connected to the controller is arranged in the water tank.

[0029] Beneficial effects: The liquid level sensor can monitor the liquid level change in the water tank in real time and accurately. Since the discharged gas is hot gas during the carbonization process, it will accelerate the consumption of the water used for purifying waste gas in the water tank. Therefore, through the liquid sensor, the liquid level change in the water tank is detected in real time. When the water is lacking, manual water replenishment is carried out in time to ensure the normal filtration of the discharged gas.

[0030] Furthermore, a moving frame for putting the straw on the ground into the cutting part is installed at the front end of the moving part, and the moving frame is electrically connected to the controller.

[0031] Beneficial effects: After the moving frame is electrically connected to the controller, an automatic or semi-automatic straw collection and feeding process can be realized. Through the preset program or operation instruction, the controller can accurately control the moving speed and position of the moving frame to ensure that the straw can be accurately and efficiently put into the cutting part for subsequent processing, reducing manual intervention and improving work efficiency. The design of the moving frame makes the straw collection process faster and more efficient; compared with the traditional manual collection method, the moving frame can cover the ground faster, collect the scattered straw and put it into the cutting part, which not only improves the collection efficiency but also reduces the labor intensity.

[0032] Furthermore, a stirring component for stirring the straw is installed in the collection tank. The stirring component includes a driving motor arranged in the cutting part. The output shaft of the driving motor is coaxially and fixedly connected with a stirring shaft. A plurality of stirring blades are spirally arranged on the surface of the stirring shaft along its central axis, and the stirring blades are in a T shape; one end of the stirring shaft is rotationally connected to the transmission part, and the driving motor is electrically connected to the controller.

[0033] Beneficial effects: Through the action of the stirring blades, it helps to complete the moisture adjustment work of the straw quickly and efficiently. When the water spray pipe sprays water into the collection tank to adjust the humidity, the stirring blades can ensure that the moisture is more evenly distributed on the straw, avoiding the situation of local over-wet or over-dry. At the same time, the stirring blades are in a T shape, so during the rotation of the stirring blades, part of the straw is taken away from the collection tank and thrown into the air, further improving the uniformity of humidity adjustment. At the same time, it can also separate some small particle impurities (such as stones) adhered to or stuck on the straw from the straw and fall to the bottom of the collection tank for subsequent cleaning, thereby reducing the impurities in the straw when entering the carbonization part and improving the quality of the final product.

[0034] The additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will be partially given in the following description, partially become obvious from the following description, or be understood through the practice of the present invention. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0035] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the device for in-situ preparation of biochar from straw of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the cutting part of an embodiment of the device for in-situ preparation of biochar from straw of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the stirring assembly of an embodiment of the device for in-situ preparation of biochar from straw of the present invention.

[0036] Reference numerals in the drawings of the specification include: 1, moving part; 101, moving frame; 102, control unit; 2, cutting part; 201, cutting cutter head; 202, collection tank; 203, water spray pipe; 204, stirring shaft; 205, stirring blades; 3, transmission part; 4, carbonization part; 401, exhaust pipeline; 402, exhaust electric valve; 403, biochar discharge port; 404, intake pipeline; 405, intake electric valve; 406, feeding port; 5, combustion part; 501, heat conduction pipeline; 6, exhaust fan; 7, water tank; 8, refractory support; 9, tipping bucket; 10, cooling frame; 11, grid frame. Detailed Description of the Invention

[0037] Next, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0038] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation of the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0039] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, the terms "installation", "connection", "connection" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the communication inside two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations.

[0040] The following is a further detailed description through specific embodiments: Embodiment 1: As shown in the attached Figure 1 、 Figure 2 and Figure 3 A device for in-situ preparation of biochar from straw includes: The moving part 1, the moving part 1 is of a crawler structure, and a control unit 102 for controlling the movement of the moving part 1 is arranged above the moving part 1; The cutting part 2, several cutting cutter discs 201 are installed inside the cutting part 2, several blades are arranged on each cutting cutter disc 201, a driving unit for driving the cutting cutter disc 201 to rotate is arranged inside the cutting part 2, and a collection tank 202 is installed below the cutting part 2; The humidity adjustment unit, the humidity adjustment unit includes a first humidity sensor for detecting the humidity of the straw in the collection tank 202, and the first humidity sensor is installed in the collection tank 202; it also includes a water spray pipe 203 installed on one side of the collection tank 202 for adjusting the humidity of the straw in the collection tank 202.

[0041] The carbonization part 4, the carbonization part 4 is of a cylindrical structure and is located at the top of the moving part 1. Several air inlet pipes 404 are arranged on one side of the upper part of the carbonization part 4, and air inlet electric valves 405 are arranged on each air inlet pipe 404. An exhaust pipe 401 is arranged on the side of the upper part of the carbonization part 4 far from the air inlet electric valve 405. An exhaust electric valve 402 is installed in the exhaust pipe 401. The exhaust electric valve 402 is electrically connected to a controller, and the controller and the air inlet electric valve 405 are both electrically connected. A biochar discharge port 403 is arranged below the carbonization part 4; a feeding port 406 is arranged at the top of the carbonization part 4. A refractory support 8 is arranged inside the carbonization part 4. The material of the refractory support 8 can preferably be made of refractory bricks to ensure that the straw does not directly contact the fire source.

[0042] A tipping bucket 9 is arranged inside the carbonization part 4 below the refractory support 8. The tipping bucket 9 is rotationally connected to the carbonization part 4. A rotating handle is fixedly connected to a rotational connection part between the tipping bucket 9 and the carbonization part 4. The rotating handle is located outside the carbonization part 4 and is rotationally connected to the carbonization part 4.

[0043] The combustion part 5, the combustion part 5 is of a furnace body structure, the combustion part 5 is located below the carbonization part 4, a feeding port and an ignition hole are opened below the combustion part 5, and the combustion part 5 is communicated with a heat conduction pipe 501, and the other end of the heat conduction pipe 501 is communicated with one side below the carbonization part 4.

[0044] The temperature control unit, the temperature control unit includes a temperature sensor for detecting the real-time temperature inside the carbonization part 4, the temperature sensor is arranged inside the carbonization part 4 and is electrically connected to the controller; it also includes an electric heater arranged inside the carbonization part 4, and the electric heater is electrically connected to the controller.

[0045] The transmission part 3 is a belt-shaped transmission structure, which is used to transport the material in the collecting tank 202 to the feeding port 406; one end of the transmission part 3 passes through the cutting part 2 and extends into the cutting part 2, and is fixedly connected with the cutting part 2 by bolts, and the other end of the transmission part 2 is fixed above the carbonization part 4 and corresponds to the feeding port 406.

[0046] The humidity regulating unit further includes a second humidity sensor for detecting the real-time humidity inside the carbonization part 4 . The second humidity sensor is installed inside the carbonization part 4 and is electrically connected to the controller.

[0047] An exhaust fan 6 electrically connected to the controller is provided in the exhaust duct 401 .

[0048] A water tank 7 corresponding to the exhaust pipe 401 is arranged above the moving part 1 , and a filter is arranged in one end of the exhaust pipe 401 close to the water tank 7 .

[0049] A corresponding mesh cooling frame 10 is arranged below the biochar discharge port 403 .

[0050] At the same time, such carbonization treatment of straw will inevitably leave residues in the carbonization section 4, so a residue treatment device (such as Figure 1 As shown in the figure, the residue handling device includes a grid frame 11 and springs symmetrically fixed on the two inner walls of the carbonization part 4, and the two springs are welded with support plates at one end close to each other, and the bottom ends of the support plates are welded to the grid frame 11, and the support plate close to one end of the air intake pipe 404 corresponds to the air intake pipe 404, so that when the air intake pipe 404 takes in air, it can act on the support plate, and then through the elasticity of the spring, the grid frame 11 is made to reciprocate laterally in the carbonization part 4 to form vibration, thereby cleaning the residue accumulated on the top of the refractory bracket 8, thereby ensuring that the straw will not accumulate in the carbonization part 4 after carbonization and affect the subsequent carbonization treatment.

[0051] The specific implementation process is as follows: the straw collected in the field is driven by the driving unit to drive the cutting disc 201 to rotate, driving the blade to cut the straw into straw segments with a length of 10-15 cm, and then the cut straw falls into the collection trough 202. At this time, the operator needs to control the water pipe 203 to spray water on the straw, adjust the moisture content of the straw to 14%-16%, and monitor it through the first humidity sensor, and monitor it every 10 minutes to ensure the uniformity of the humidity of the straw. Generally, this process (cutting and humidity adjustment) takes about 30 minutes.

[0052] The humidity-adjusted straw is sent to the carbonization section 4 through the transmission section 3. At the same time, the device can provide heat to the carbonization section 4 through the combustion section 5, and can also heat the carbonization section 4 through the temperature control unit (electric heater) to achieve the carbonization effect of the straw.

[0053] First, take the combustion section 5 providing heat for the carbonization section 4 as an example: Wood chips or waste straw are put into the interior of the combustion section 5 through the feed inlet, and these wood chips or waste straw are ignited through the ignition holes. Then, the heat source in the combustion section 5 transfers heat to the interior of the carbonization section 4 through the heat conduction pipeline 501 to carbonize the straw therein. Moreover, during this process, by adjusting the intake electric valve 405 and the exhaust electric valve 402, the air circulation state in the carbonization section 4 is controlled to keep a low-oxygen environment inside to prevent the straw from burning excessively. During this process, generally, the carbonization temperature is maintained at about 400 °C, and the duration of the carbonization process is about 2 hours. During this period, the temperature is checked regularly (obtained by monitoring with a temperature sensor), and the constant temperature is maintained by increasing or decreasing the air intake.

[0054] The volatile gases generated during the carbonization process are discharged through the exhaust pipeline 401. At the same time, these gases contain harmful gases. Therefore, after passing through the exhaust pipeline 401, they pass through a filter and a water tank 7 in sequence to remove some of the soot and volatile organic compounds therein, and finally are discharged to the outside. Since the discharged gas has a certain temperature, it will accelerate the evaporation of the water in the water tank 7. Therefore, the operator needs to check the water volume in the water tank 7 every 30 minutes and add clear water in a timely manner according to the exhaust volume.

[0055] After carbonization is completed, the operator rotates the handle to make the tipping bucket 9 in the carbonization section 4 rotate, and discharges the biochar in the tipping bucket 9 through the biochar discharge port 403, so that the operator can manually control the discharge amount of the biochar to ensure that the carbonized biochar is gradually discharged from the carbonization section 4 to avoid excessive heat remaining in the carbonization section 4. The discharged biochar falls into the net-shaped cooling frame 10 along the biochar discharge port 403 for natural cooling. Generally, the cooling process is 30 minutes to ensure that its temperature is cooled to the ambient temperature (about 25 °C) to avoid burns caused by direct contact. The cooled biochar can be directly used for field return. Through a trolley or mechanical transportation, the biochar is evenly spread on the surface of the field, and then the biochar is mixed with the soil by a plough or other agricultural machinery. Biochar can increase the organic matter content of the soil and improve the soil structure.

[0056] Next, take the temperature control unit (electric heater) providing heat energy as an example, and take the carbonization and field return of the mixture of straw and livestock manure in the field as an example: First, collect the straw and livestock manure (such as pig manure, cow manure) in the field, mix them in a volume ratio of straw to livestock manure of 2:1, and then mix and stir evenly through manual or mechanical devices. Generally, the moisture content of the mixture is about 50%, which is not conducive to subsequent carbonization treatment. Therefore, it needs to be air-dried. It can be air-dried naturally or by other air-drying measures to reduce the moisture content of the mixture to about 20%. Generally, the entire humidity adjustment process takes about 2 hours.

[0057] The humidity-adjusted mixture is fed into the carbonization section 4, and the electric heater is started (the electric heater is selected with a power of 15 kW and capable of PID control to ensure that the temperature in the carbonization section 4 can be quickly raised to 500 °C). The temperature in the carbonization section 4 is controlled at 350 °C. The lower temperature helps to retain more organic substances. During the carbonization process, a low-oxygen environment is maintained in the furnace, and the carbonization time is relatively long, about 3 hours. At the same time, during the whole carbonization process, a temperature sensor (using a K-type thermocouple, with a measurement range of 0-1000 °C and an accuracy of ±2 °C) will monitor the temperature in the carbonization section 4 in real time and control the output power of the electric heater to keep the temperature in the carbonization section 4 at about 350 °C.

[0058] Since the mixture contains feces, the gas generated during carbonization will be thicker. Therefore, the filter must adopt a multi-layer filtration design and be processed through a multi-layer filter and a water tank 7 to ensure that the discharged gas meets environmental protection standards. During the carbonization process, a second humidity sensor (using a digital humidity sensor, with a measurement range of 0-100% and an accuracy of ±3%) will monitor the humidity of the gas generated in the carbonization section 4 in real time, so as to control the start and stop of the exhaust fan 6 according to the real-time data it monitors. For example, when the second humidity sensor monitors that the humidity is greater than the preset maximum threshold, the exhaust fan 6 is started, and when the humidity is less than the preset minimum threshold, the exhaust fan 6 is stopped.

[0059] After carbonization is completed, the biochar is gradually discharged through the rotation of the tipping bucket 9 and enters the cooling frame 10 for natural cooling. The cooling time is relatively long, about 45 minutes. After the biochar is completely cooled, it is collected and packaged. This kind of biochar is especially suitable for improving infertile soil. Since it is rich in nitrogen and organic matter, it can effectively improve the fertility and water retention capacity of the soil. When applying, it is evenly spread at a dosage of 300 kg per mu of land and deeply plowed and mixed with a tiller to ensure that the biochar is evenly distributed in the soil.

[0060] Example 2: The difference from Example 1 is that a liquid level sensor electrically connected to the controller is provided in the water tank 7.

[0061] The specific implementation process is as follows: As described in Example 1, during the carbonization process of straw, the water in the water tank 7 needs to be checked regularly and replenished, generally at an interval of 30 minutes; but this time will also change with the change of the carbonization temperature. For the carbonization and returning to the field of the mixture of field straw and feces, the carbonization temperature is generally 350 °C, which will also cause the evaporation rate of the water in the water tank 7 to slow down, resulting in an increase in the inspection interval. The liquid level sensor can monitor the liquid level change in the water tank 7 in real time and accurately, and can flexibly respond to the carbonization temperature in different straw biochar processes to ensure timely water replenishment while reducing the possibility of excessive manual inspection.

[0062] Example 3: The difference from Example 2 is that, as Figure 1 shown, a moving frame 101 for feeding straw on the ground into the cutting part 2 is installed at the front end of the moving part 1. The structure and control method of the moving frame 101 adopt the prior art. For example, the boom, stick, bucket and slewing mechanism of an excavator are used to realize the loading and unloading of materials. The moving frame 101 is electrically connected to the controller.

[0063] The specific implementation process is as follows: When the device moves to the field where straw is piled up through the moving part 1, first, the moving frame 101 is brought close to the ground through the controller, and then the straw in the field can be manually put into the storage structure of the moving frame 101. After placing, the height and angle of the moving frame 101 are adjusted, and the straw therein is fed into the cutting part 2. The whole straw feeding can be completed through a preset program, reducing the difficulty of manual operation. At the same time, for areas where there is a large amount of straw piled up, the moving frame 101 can be directly aligned with it, and then through the movement of the moving part 1, the straw is directly shoveled into the moving frame 101, and then the subsequent feeding process is completed, so as to facilitate large-scale straw carbonization treatment.

[0064] Example 4: The difference from Example 3 is that, as Figure 3 shown, a stirring assembly for stirring straw is installed in the collection tank 202. The stirring assembly includes a driving motor arranged in the cutting part 2. The output shaft of the driving motor is coaxially bolted with a stirring shaft 204. A plurality of stirring blades 205 are spirally arranged on the surface of the stirring shaft 204 along its central axis. The stirring blades 205 are all in a T shape; one end of the stirring shaft 204 is rotatably connected to the transmission part 3, and the driving motor is electrically connected to the controller.

[0065] The specific implementation process is as follows: After the device is started, the cutting part 2 starts to work, cutting the straw in the field into small sections and collecting them into the collection tank 202. Since the humidity of the straw in different areas is different, the humidity of the straw in the collection tank 202 is also uneven or does not meet the carbonization requirements, so moisture adjustment pretreatment is required. At this time, the controller starts the drive motor to drive the stirring shaft 204 and the stirring blades 205 to start rotating. The spiral design and T-shaped structure of the stirring blades 205 ensure that the moisture can be evenly distributed along the texture and gaps of the straw. Under the action of the stirring blades 205, the straw is quickly and efficiently moisturized, avoiding the situation of local over-wetting or over-drying, which affects the carbonization effect. At the same time, as the stirring blades 205 rotate, some straws are carried away from the collection tank 202 by the T-shaped stirring blades 205 and thrown into the air. After staying in the air for a period of time, these straws fall back into the collection tank 202. Because when the straw is in the air, the moisture on its surface will be more evenly distributed due to the action of gravity and air flow. When the straws fall back into the collection tank 202, they will collide and rub against other straws, further promoting the even distribution of moisture. Moreover, during the process of collecting straw, some small stones, soil and other impurities will also be brought into the collection tank 202. If these impurities enter the carbonization part 4, they will affect the quality of the biochar. The straw being thrown into the air during the stirring process is also conducive to the separation of these impurities from the straw. At the same time, the T-shaped design of the stirring blades 205 can generate a certain centrifugal force during rotation, making it easier for small particle impurities (such as stones, soil, etc.) adhering to or stuck on the straw to separate from the straw and fall to the bottom of the collection tank 202. Thus, when the straw is transported to the carbonization part 4, the impurity content inside it will be greatly reduced, further improving the quality of the final product.

[0066] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely examples given for clear illustration and not limitations on the implementation manners. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other different forms of changes or variations can be made based on the above description. It is not necessary and impossible to enumerate all the implementation manners here. And the obvious changes or variations derived therefrom are still within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for preparing biochar in situ from straw, characterized in that: include: A moving part (1), the moving part (1) being a crawler-type structure, and a control unit (102) for controlling the movement of the moving part (1) is arranged above the moving part (1); A cutting portion (2), wherein a plurality of cutting discs (201) are installed inside the cutting portion (2), each of the cutting discs (201) being provided with a plurality of blades, a driving unit for driving the cutting discs (201) to rotate is provided inside the cutting portion (2), and a collecting tank (202) is installed below the cutting portion (2); A humidity adjustment unit, the humidity adjustment unit comprising a first humidity sensor for detecting the humidity of the straw in the collection tank (202), the first humidity sensor being installed in the collection tank (202); and further comprising a water spray pipe (203) installed on one side of the collection tank (202) for adjusting the humidity of the straw in the collection tank (202); A carbonization section (4), the carbonization section (4) being of cylindrical structure and being located at the top of the moving section (1), a plurality of air intake pipes (404) being provided on one side of the upper portion of the carbonization section (4), each of which being provided with an air intake electric valve (405), an exhaust pipe (401) being provided on the upper portion of the carbonization section (4) away from the air intake electric valve (405), an exhaust pipe (401) being provided in the exhaust pipe (401), the exhaust electric valve (402) being electrically connected to a controller, the controller and the air intake electric valve (405) being electrically connected, a biochar discharge port (403) being provided at the bottom of the carbonization section (4); and a feeding port (406) being provided at the top of the carbonization section (4); A combustion section (5), the combustion section (5) being a furnace body structure, the combustion section (5) being located below the carbonization section (4), a feed inlet and an ignition hole being provided below the combustion section (5), the combustion section (5) being connected to a heat conduction pipe (501), the other end of the heat conduction pipe (501) being connected to a side below the carbonization section (4); A temperature control unit, the temperature control unit comprising a temperature sensor for detecting the real-time temperature in the carbonization section (4), the temperature sensor being arranged inside the carbonization section (4) and electrically connected to the controller; and also comprising an electric heater arranged in the carbonization section (4), the electric heater being electrically connected to the controller; The transmission part (3) is a belt-shaped transmission structure, used for delivering the material in the collection tank (202) to the feeding port (406); one end of the transmission part (3) passes through the cutting part (2) and extends into the cutting part (2), and is fixedly connected to the cutting part (2) by bolts, and the other end of the transmission part (3) is fixed above the carbonization part (4) and corresponds to the feeding port (406).

2. The device for preparing biochar in situ from straw according to claim 1, characterized in that: The humidity regulating unit further comprises a second humidity sensor for detecting the real-time humidity inside the carbonization section (4); the second humidity sensor is installed inside the carbonization section (4) and is electrically connected to the controller.

3. The device for preparing biochar in situ from straw according to claim 2, characterized in that: An exhaust fan (6) electrically connected to the controller is provided on the exhaust duct (401).

4. The device for preparing biochar in situ from straw according to claim 3, characterized in that: A water tank (7) corresponding to the exhaust pipe (401) is arranged above the movable part (1), and a filter is arranged in one end of the exhaust pipe (401) close to the water tank (7).

5. The device for preparing biochar in situ from straw according to claim 4, characterized in that: A refractory support (8) is provided in the carbonization section (4).

6. The device for preparing biochar in situ from straw according to claim 5, characterized in that: A tipping bucket (9) located below the refractory support (8) is arranged in the carbonization section (4); the tipping bucket (9) is rotatably connected to the carbonization section (4); a rotating handle is fixedly connected to a rotating connection between the tipping bucket (9) and the carbonization section (4); the rotating handle is located outside the carbonization section (4) and is rotatably connected to the carbonization section (4).

7. The device for preparing biochar in situ from straw according to claim 6, characterized in that: A corresponding mesh cooling frame (10) is provided below the biochar discharge port (403).

8. The device for preparing biochar in situ from straw according to claim 7, characterized in that: A liquid level sensor electrically connected to the controller is arranged in the water tank (7).

9. The device for preparing biochar in situ from straw according to claim 8, characterized in that: A moving frame (101) for feeding straw on the ground into the cutting portion (2) is installed at the front end of the moving portion (1), and the moving frame (101) is electrically connected to the controller.

10. The device for preparing biochar in situ from straw according to claim 9, characterized in that: A stirring assembly for stirring straw is installed in the collecting tank (202), the stirring assembly comprising a driving motor arranged in the cutting part (2), the driving motor output shaft being coaxially fixedly connected to a stirring shaft (204), a plurality of stirring blades (205) being spirally arranged on the surface of the stirring shaft (204) along its axis, the stirring blades (205) being T-shaped; one end of the stirring shaft (204) is rotatably connected to the transmission part (3), and the driving motor is electrically connected to a controller.

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