Ground surface settlement monitoring system for open cut station underneath passing existing track

Abstract

The invention discloses a ground surface settlement monitoring system for an open cut station to pass through an existing track, which comprises a plurality of monitoring holes vertically drilled from the ground to an original soil layer, and displacement sensing modules arranged in the monitoring holes and used for monitoring ground surface settlement deformation in real time, the data processing module is in communication connection with the displacement sensing module and used for analyzing displacement data and generating an early warning signal when the displacement data exceed a threshold value, and the displacement sensing module comprises a hollow monitoring cylinder, a mounting rod located in a monitoring hole and a radial positioning assembly arranged on the outer side of the mounting rod in a sleeving mode and used for keeping the mounting rod and the monitoring hole coaxial. The anchoring assembly is arranged in the mounting rod, the bottom end of the anchoring assembly has a spiral working state of being inserted into an original soil layer and a contraction state of being stored in the mounting rod, the driving assembly is arranged in the monitoring cylinder and used for controlling state conversion of the anchoring assembly, and the displacement measuring unit is arranged in the monitoring cylinder and used for obtaining vertical displacement data of the mounting rod in real time. According to the invention, hysteresis and errors of traditional manual measurement can be overcome.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of subway construction, and in particular relates to a surface settlement monitoring system for an open-cut station passing under an existing track. Background Art

[0002] With the acceleration of urbanization and the continuous expansion of rail transit networks, the number of cross-over projects between open-cut station construction and existing tracks is increasing. During the construction of such projects, due to underground excavation, soil unloading, and subsequent support and backfilling operations, it is very easy to cause settlement and deformation of the surrounding surface; surface settlement may not only threaten the structural safety of the existing track, causing track deformation, roadbed instability and other problems, but also may affect the normal operation of rail transit and even cause safety accidents; therefore, real-time and accurate monitoring of surface settlement in the area where the open-cut station passes under the existing track is a key link to ensure construction safety and the normal operation of existing rail transit. By monitoring surface settlement data, the deformation of the soil during the excavation of the subway tunnel can be evaluated, the impact of the construction on the surrounding environment can be understood, potential problems can be discovered and dealt with in a timely manner, and the construction plan can be adjusted in a timely manner to provide strong guarantees for construction safety and project quality.

[0003] Traditional surface settlement monitoring mostly adopts the "drilling and burying rod method": by drilling holes in the surface and burying settlement rods (fixed with concrete at the bottom and filled with sand at the top), the elevation changes of the rods are manually observed using a level or total station; however, this method has significant limitations: it relies on regular manual measurements, cannot capture instantaneous settlement or sudden displacement in real time, has data blind spots and warning lags, and manual observation is easily affected by environmental interference (such as temperature and humidity, line of sight obstruction) and human operating errors, making it difficult to capture tiny settlement changes; on the other hand, the monitoring rods are directly abandoned underground upon completion of the project, resulting in material waste and environmental pollution. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a surface settlement monitoring system for an open-cut station under an existing track, so as to solve the above problems existing in the prior art.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0006] Surface settlement monitoring system for open-cut station passing under existing track, including multiple monitoring holes vertically drilled from the ground to the original soil layer, a displacement sensing module arranged in the monitoring holes for real-time monitoring of surface settlement deformation, and a data processing module communicatively connected with the displacement sensing module for analyzing displacement data and generating an early warning signal when exceeding a threshold. The displacement sensing module includes: a monitoring cylinder with a hollow interior and a top covering the monitoring hole, an installation rod located in the monitoring hole and penetrating up and down, a radial positioning component sleeved outside the installation rod for keeping the installation rod and the monitoring hole coaxial, an anchoring component arranged in the installation rod with a spiral working state of inserting into the original soil layer at the bottom end and a retracted state of being received in the installation rod, a driving component arranged in the monitoring cylinder for controlling the state conversion of the anchoring component, and a displacement measuring unit arranged in the monitoring cylinder for real-time obtaining of the vertical displacement data of the installation rod.

[0007] Preferably, the radial positioning component includes: an external thread arranged on the outer side wall of the installation rod, a moving part threadedly sleeved outside the installation rod, and a plurality of double link members evenly distributed around the central axis of the installation rod and respectively hinged at both ends with the moving part and the outer side wall of the installation rod.

[0008] Preferably, the moving part includes: a moving sleeve with an internal thread adapted to the external thread on the inner side surface and threadedly sleeved outside the installation rod, and a fixed sleeve rotatably sleeved on the moving sleeve. The double link member includes: two connecting rods with ends hinged to each other, and the mutually remote ends of the two connecting rods are respectively hinged with the fixed sleeve and the installation rod through hinge seats.

[0009] Preferably, the two connecting rods are hinged through a pin shaft, and rollers are arranged at the ends of the pin shaft.

[0010] Preferably, the anchoring component includes: a threaded chute arranged on the inner side wall at the bottom of the installation rod, an anchoring rod arranged in the installation rod, a first sliding rod with one end fixedly connected to the upper end of the anchoring rod and the other end slidably arranged in the threaded chute, a connecting member arranged in the installation rod and with a telescopic bottom end, and the bottom end of the connecting member is rotatably connected to the top end of the anchoring rod.

[0011] Preferably, the connecting member includes: a connecting sleeve with an outer side wall fixedly connected to the inner side wall of the upper part of the installation rod, an adjusting rod with a bottom end rotatably connected to the inner side wall of the connecting sleeve, a telescopic rod with one end rotatably connected to the top end of the anchoring rod and the other end threadedly connected in the adjusting rod, a second sliding rod arranged on the outer side wall of the telescopic rod, and a vertical chute arranged on the inner side wall of the installation rod and slidably connected with the second sliding rod.

[0012] Preferably, the bottom end of the anchoring rod is conical, and spiral blades are arranged on the outer side wall of the anchoring rod.

[0013] Preferably, the driving assembly includes: a driving motor disposed within the monitoring cylinder, a rotating shaft connected to the output end of the driving motor and rotatably penetrating the bottom wall of the monitoring cylinder at the bottom end, a driving cylinder fixedly connected to the bottom end of the rotating shaft, hollow inside and open at the bottom end, and a limiting strip fixedly connected to the bottom end of the detection cylinder. A groove is provided on the inner side wall of the driving cylinder, and an insertion strip adapted to the groove is provided on the outer side wall of the adjusting rod. The driving cylinder is sleeved on the adjusting rod, and a limiting groove adapted to the limiting strip is provided on the outer side wall of the mounting rod.

[0014] Preferably, the monitoring cylinder includes a cylinder body and a cover plate provided at the top end of the cylinder body. The diameter of the cylinder body is smaller than the diameter of the monitoring hole, the diameter of the cover plate is larger than the diameter of the monitoring hole, and a mounting hole is provided through the cover plate.

[0015] Preferably, the displacement measurement unit includes: a power supply battery pack provided in the monitoring cylinder, a laser rangefinder connected to the power output end of the power supply battery pack, and a ranging plate provided on the outer side of the mounting rod for reflecting laser. The laser rangefinder is communicatively connected to the data processing module through a wireless communication module.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are as follows:

[0017] 1. Through the radial positioning assembly, the mounting rod can be coaxially and stably located within the monitoring hole. The driving assembly drives the bottom end of the anchoring assembly to rotate and insert into the original soil layer for anchoring, forming a rigid connection reference point, further realizing a stable connection with the formation, ensuring that the vertical displacement data of the mounting rod can truly reflect the deformation of the original soil body, improving the reliability of the monitoring data. The displacement measurement unit obtains the vertical displacement data of the mounting rod in real time and transmits it to the data processing module. The data processing module can analyze the real-time data and immediately generate a warning signal when the settlement amount exceeds the threshold, significantly improving the timeliness of risk response, realizing the automatic continuous dynamic monitoring of surface settlement data, and overcoming the lag and error of traditional manual measurement; after the project is completed, the driving assembly drives the retractable anchoring assembly into the mounting rod, effectively improving the installation and disassembly efficiency of the monitoring system, realizing the recycling of the monitoring system, and solving the problem of resource waste caused by the traditional buried rod method;

[0018] 2. By rotating the movable sleeve on the mounting rod, the fixed sleeve is driven to move axially along the mounting rod, thereby realizing the expansion or retraction of the double-link members when the movable sleeve moves up and down, and enabling the mounting rod to be coaxially installed in monitoring holes with different diameters, ensuring that the rod body is vertically centered, and further improving the stability of the mechanism within the monitoring hole;

[0019] 3. The present invention drives the rotating shaft to rotate through the driving motor, thereby driving the driving cylinder to rotate. The groove inside the driving cylinder meshes with the insertion strip of the adjusting rod, and under the limiting action of the limiting groove and the limiting strip, the adjusting rod rotates. The adjusting rod pushes the telescopic rod to press down the anchoring rod through the thread. The spiral blade at the bottom end of the anchoring rod screws into the original soil layer, realizing the stable connection between the red monitoring system and the formation, and improving the reliability of the monitoring data. When the anchoring rod contracts, the driving motor rotates in the reverse direction, and the spiral blade is retracted into the installation rod, realizing the recycling of the anchoring component. By controlling the rotation of the driving motor, the anchoring depth of the anchoring rod can be adjusted to meet the requirements of different formations. The conical bottom end of the anchoring rod and the setting of the spiral blade reduce the soil penetration resistance and improve the uplift resistance of the anchoring rod.

[0020] 4. The present invention covers the opening of the monitoring hole with a cover plate, forming a sealed space inside the monitoring hole, effectively blocking external environmental interference, and protecting the internal displacement measurement unit. Thereby, the service life of the monitoring system is improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention, and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0022] Figure 1 Structural schematic diagram of the surface settlement monitoring system for an open-cut station passing under an existing track

[0023] Figure 2 Structural schematic diagram of the installation rod and the radial positioning component of the surface settlement monitoring system for an open-cut station passing under an existing track

[0024] Figure 3 Internal sectional view of the installation rod of the surface settlement monitoring system for an open-cut station passing under an existing track

[0025] Figure 4 Internal sectional structure schematic diagram of the monitoring cylinder of the surface settlement monitoring system for an open-cut station passing under an existing track

[0026] Reference numerals: 1 - monitoring cylinder, 2 - mounting rod, 3 - radial positioning assembly, 4 - anchoring assembly, 5 - driving assembly, 6 - external thread, 7 - moving sleeve, 8 - fixed sleeve, 9 - connecting rod, 10 - pin shaft, 11 - roller, 12 - threaded chute, 13 - anchoring rod, 14 - first sliding rod, 15 - connecting sleeve, 16 - adjusting rod, 17 - telescopic rod, 18 - second sliding rod, 19 - vertical chute, 20 - spiral blade, 21 - driving motor, 22 - rotating shaft, 23 - driving cylinder, 24 - limiting strip, 25 - groove, 26 - inserting strip, 27 - limiting groove, 28 - cover plate, 29 - cylinder body, 30 - mounting hole, 31 - laser rangefinder, 32 - ranging plate. Detailed implementation manners

[0027] To make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Apparently, the described embodiments are some but not all of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0028] It should be noted that like reference numerals and letters denote similar items in the following drawings. Therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent drawings.

[0029] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that if terms such as "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. are used to indicate the orientation or positional relationship, it is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings or the orientation or positional relationship in which the product of the present invention is usually placed during use. It is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.

[0030] In addition, if terms such as "first", "second", "third", etc. are used only for distinguishing descriptions and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0031] In addition, if terms such as "horizontal", "vertical", "hanging" do not mean that the component is required to be absolutely horizontal or hanging, but can be slightly inclined. For example, "horizontal" only means that its direction is more horizontal relative to "vertical", and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but can be slightly inclined.

[0032] In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that unless otherwise clearly specified and defined, terms such as "set", "installed", "connected", "linked" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the communication inside two components. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations.

[0033] It should be noted that, without conflict, the features in the embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other.

[0034] Embodiment 1

[0035] As Figures 1 - 4 shown, the surface settlement monitoring system for an open-cut station passing under an existing track includes a plurality of monitoring holes vertically drilled from the ground to the original soil layer, a displacement sensing module arranged in the monitoring holes for real-time monitoring of the surface settlement deformation amount, and a data processing module communicatively connected to the displacement sensing module for analyzing displacement data and generating a warning signal when exceeding a threshold. The displacement sensing module includes: a monitoring cylinder 1 with a hollow interior and a top covering the monitoring hole, an installation rod 2 located in the monitoring hole and penetrating up and down, a radial positioning assembly 3 sleeved outside the installation rod 2 for keeping the installation rod 2 and the monitoring hole coaxial, an anchoring assembly 4 arranged in the installation rod 2 with a spiral working state at the bottom end inserted into the original soil layer and a retracted state received in the installation rod 2, a driving assembly 5 arranged in the monitoring cylinder 1 for controlling the state conversion of the anchoring assembly 4, and a displacement measuring unit arranged in the monitoring cylinder 1 for real-time acquisition of the vertical displacement data of the installation rod 2.

[0036] It should be noted that: the data processing module in the present invention is a prior art. The displacement sensing module transmits the vertical displacement data of the monitoring rod to the data processing module, filters the data, compensates for temperature, calculates the displacement amount, and generates a settlement curve. Based on a preset settlement threshold (such as cumulative settlement > 3 mm in a single day or instantaneous rate > 0.5 mm / h), it automatically compares the real-time data. When the data exceeds the preset settlement threshold, it generates a graded warning signal; a plurality of monitoring holes are selected on the surface around the existing track, and conventional geological drilling rigs are used to vertically drill the monitoring holes downward. After drilling, the floating soil on the hole wall is cleaned to ensure the hole wall is flat. The spacing between the monitoring holes and the diameter of the monitoring holes themselves are set according to the actual situation of the project;

[0037] When installing the displacement sensing module, first adjust the size of the radial positioning component 3 according to the aperture of the monitoring hole, then vertically insert the installation rod 2 into the monitoring hole to ensure that the installation rod 2 is vertically fixed. Then install the top end of the monitoring cylinder 1 on the ground above the monitoring hole, and make the bottom end of the driving component 5 be slidably and limit-connected to the top end of the anchoring component 4. Finally, start the driving component 5 to make the bottom end of the anchoring component 4 be spirally inserted into the original soil layer, and the installation of the displacement sensing module can be completed. Start the monitoring work. The displacement measurement unit measures the vertical displacement change of the installation rod 2 relative to the monitoring cylinder 1 in real time, and then uploads it to the data processing module. The data processing module analyzes the real-time data and immediately generates a warning signal when the settlement amount exceeds the threshold, significantly improving the timeliness of risk response, realizing the automatic continuous dynamic monitoring of surface settlement data, and overcoming the lag and error of traditional manual measurement; after the project is completed, drive the anchoring component 4 to retract into the installation rod 2 through the driving component 5, then disassemble the monitoring cylinder 1, pull out the installation rod 2 and its components from the monitoring hole, and they can be reused after cleaning.

[0038] Embodiment 2

[0039] On the basis of Embodiment 1, as Figure 2 shown, the radial positioning component 3 includes: an external thread 6 provided on the outer side wall of the installation rod 2, a moving member threadedly sleeved on the outer side of the installation rod 2, and a plurality of double-link 9 members evenly distributed around the central axis of the installation rod 2 and respectively hinged to the moving member and the outer side wall of the installation rod 2 at both ends.

[0040] Among them, the moving member includes: a moving sleeve 7 with an internal thread adapted to the external thread 6 provided on the inner side surface and threadedly sleeved on the outer side of the installation rod 2, and a fixed sleeve 8 rotatably sleeved on the moving sleeve 7. The double-link 9 member includes: two connecting rods 9 with their ends hinged to each other, and the two ends of the two connecting rods 9 away from each other are respectively hinged to the fixed sleeve 8 and the installation rod 2 through hinge seats.

[0041] Among them, the two connecting rods 9 are hinged through a pin shaft 10, and a roller 11 is provided at the end of the pin shaft 10.

[0042] In this embodiment, the radial positioning assembly 3 needs to be adjusted according to the actual size of the monitoring hole. The specific adjustment steps are as follows: Rotate the moving sleeve 7 so that it moves downward along the threaded installation rod 2, and push the fixed sleeve 8 to move downward synchronously. When the fixed sleeve 8 moves downward, the hinge points of the two-link 9 expand outward, thereby increasing the diameter. In practical operations, the orifice of the detection hole of the radial positioning assembly 3 can be adjusted. Hold the installation rod 2 with one hand and rotate the moving sleeve 7 with the other hand. Stop rotating when the roller 11 at the end of the two-link 9 abuts against the inner wall of the monitoring hole, and then lower the installation rod 2; the setting of the roller 11 can effectively reduce the friction between the radial positioning assembly 3 and the hole wall, so that the installation rod 2 can move downward smoothly during the installation process and the monitoring process; in this embodiment, the radial positioning assembly 3 realizes the rapid and accurate positioning of the installation rod 2 in the monitoring hole through the thread-link 9 linkage mechanism, with high precision, strong anti-interference and construction convenience, laying a mechanical foundation for the reliability of the ground settlement monitoring system.

[0043] Embodiment 3

[0044] On the basis of Embodiment 1, as Figure 3 shown: The anchoring assembly 4 includes: a threaded chute 12 provided on the inner bottom wall of the installation rod 2, an anchoring rod 13 provided in the installation rod 2, a first sliding rod 14 with one end fixedly connected to the upper end of the anchoring rod 13 and the other end slidably arranged in the threaded chute 12, a connecting member provided in the installation rod 2 and with a telescopic bottom end, and the bottom end of the connecting member is rotatably connected to the top end of the anchoring rod 13.

[0045] Among them, the connecting member includes: a connecting sleeve 15 with an outer wall fixedly connected to the inner upper wall of the installation rod 2, an adjusting rod 16 with a bottom end rotatably connected to the inner wall of the connecting sleeve 15, a telescopic rod 17 with one end rotatably connected to the top end of the anchoring rod 13 and the other end threadedly connected to the adjusting rod 16, a second sliding rod 18 provided on the outer wall of the telescopic rod 17, and a vertical chute 19 vertically provided on the inner wall of the installation rod 2 and slidably connected to the second sliding rod 18.

[0046] Among them, the bottom end of the anchoring rod 13 is conical, and spiral blades 20 are provided on the outer wall of the anchoring rod 13.

[0047] It should be noted that: the cone angle of the conical bottom end of the anchoring rod 13 can be set to 60°, and the pitch and blade height of the spiral blades 20 welded on the outside can be determined according to the actual situation. The first sliding rod 14 is fixedly connected to the top end of the anchoring rod 13 by welding or other means, and the second sliding rod 18 is also fixedly connected to the outside of the telescopic rod 17 by welding or other means;

[0048] In this embodiment, when the anchor rod 13 is in the initial state, the first sliding rod 14 should be located at the top of the threaded chute 12, and the bottom end of the anchor rod 13 is flush with the bottom end of the mounting rod 2. The driving assembly 5 drives the adjusting rod 16 to rotate. The telescopic rod 17 extends downward under the limiting action of the vertical chute 19 and the second sliding rod 18, thereby applying a downward thrust to the anchor rod 13. The anchor rod 13 rotates and moves downward under the action of the first sliding rod 14 and the threaded chute 12, so that the bottom end of the anchor rod 13 is screwed into the original soil layer, thereby realizing the stable connection between the anchor rod 13 and the formation, ensuring that the vertical displacement data of the mounting rod 2 can truly reflect the deformation of the original soil body, and improving the reliability of the monitoring data. The conical bottom end and the spiral blade 20 reduce the resistance of the anchor rod to enter the soil. After the project is completed, the driving assembly 5 drives the adjusting rod 16 to rotate in the reverse direction, and the bottom end of the telescopic rod 17 moves upward, thereby driving the anchor rod 13 to rotate and move upward, releasing the fixation between the anchor rod 13 and the soil layer, and facilitating the reuse of the displacement sensing module. In practice, the insertion depth of the anchor rod 13 can be controlled according to the requirements of different formation materials.

[0049] Embodiment 4

[0050] On the basis of Embodiment 3, as Figure 4 shown, the driving assembly 5 includes: a driving motor 21 arranged in the monitoring cylinder 1, a rotating shaft 22 connected to the output end of the driving motor 21 and having its bottom end rotatably penetrating the bottom wall of the monitoring cylinder 1, a driving cylinder 23 fixedly connected to the bottom end of the rotating shaft 22, being hollow inside and having an open bottom end, and a limiting strip 24 fixedly connected to the bottom end of the detection cylinder. A groove 25 is provided on the inner side wall of the driving cylinder 23, and an insertion strip 26 adapted to the groove 25 is provided on the outer side wall of the adjusting rod 16. The driving cylinder 23 is sleeved on the adjusting rod 16, and a limiting groove 27 adapted to the limiting strip 24 is provided on the outer side wall of the mounting rod 2.

[0051] It should be noted that: the depth and width of the groove 25 and the limiting groove 27 can be formulated according to the actual situation. Preferably, a plurality of grooves 25 are provided, and the plurality of grooves 25 are evenly distributed along the central axis of the driving cylinder 23. Preferably, a plurality of limiting grooves 27 are provided, and the plurality of limiting grooves 27 are evenly distributed along the central axis of the mounting rod 2. The driving motor 21 is a prior art and is fixed on the bracket at the top of the monitoring cylinder 1.

[0052] In this embodiment: The driving cylinder 23 is slidably sleeved on the adjusting rod 16 through the cooperation of the groove 25 and the insert 26. This not only facilitates the installation and disassembly of the displacement detection module but also enables it to be applicable to monitoring holes of different depths. The driving motor 21 drives the driving cylinder 23 to rotate through the rotating shaft 22. The limiting strip 24 is embedded in the limiting groove 27 of the mounting rod 2 to ensure that the mounting rod 2 can only move axially and cannot rotate circumferentially. The groove 25 inside the driving cylinder 23 meshes with the insert 26 of the adjusting rod 16 to transmit torque, thereby driving the adjusting rod 16 to rotate and realizing the control of the working state of the anchoring assembly 4, which is convenient to use and has high installation efficiency.

[0053] Embodiment 5

[0054] Based on Embodiment 3, as Figure 4 shown, the monitoring cylinder 1 includes a cylinder body 29 and a cover plate 28 provided at the top end of the cylinder body 29. The diameter of the cylinder body 29 is smaller than the diameter of the monitoring hole, the diameter of the cover plate 28 is larger than the diameter of the monitoring hole, and a mounting hole 30 is provided through the cover plate 28.

[0055] The displacement measurement unit includes: a power supply battery pack provided in the monitoring cylinder 1, a laser rangefinder 31 connected to the power output end of the power supply battery pack, and a ranging plate 32 provided outside the mounting rod 2 for reflecting laser. The laser rangefinder 31 is communicatively connected to the data processing module through a wireless communication module.

[0056] It should be noted that: the laser rangefinder 31 is a prior art, and the wireless transmission module is also a prior art. Specifically, any one of LoRa communication, Bluetooth, WiFi, and data transmission radio can be adopted. The cover plate 28 can be fixed to the ground by expansion screws passing through the mounting hole 30. The cover plate 28 and the cylinder body 29 can be fixed by bolts, which is convenient for overhauling the internal components of the monitoring cylinder 1. A hole for laser emission should be provided through the bottom wall of the cylinder body 29.

[0057] In this embodiment, the cover plate 28 covers the opening of the monitoring hole, forming a sealed space inside the monitoring hole, effectively blocking external environmental interference and protecting the internal displacement measurement unit. Thereby, the service life of the monitoring system is improved. The laser rangefinder 31 emits laser, and the ranging plate 32 settles synchronously with the mounting rod 2. The displacement amount is directly converted into the laser optical path difference, thereby realizing the real-time measurement of the vertical displacement change of the mounting rod 2 relative to the monitoring cylinder 1, overcoming the hysteresis and errors of traditional manual measurement, and further improving the accuracy of surface settlement monitoring.

[0058] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit them. Although the present invention has been described by referring to the preferred embodiments of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that various changes can be made to it in form and detail without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. The surface settlement monitoring system for the open-cut station under the existing track is characterized by: The invention comprises a plurality of monitoring holes vertically drilled from the ground to the original soil layer, a displacement sensing module arranged in the monitoring hole for real-time monitoring of the amount of surface settlement deformation, and a data processing module connected to the displacement sensing module for analyzing displacement data and generating an early warning signal when a threshold value is exceeded. The displacement sensing module comprises: a monitoring tube (1) with a top cover arranged on the monitoring hole and a hollow interior, a mounting rod (2) located in the monitoring hole and passing through the top and bottom, a radial positioning component (3) sleeved on the outside of the mounting rod (2) and used to keep the mounting rod (2) and the monitoring hole coaxial, an anchoring component (4) arranged in the mounting rod (2) and having a spiral working state of inserting into the original soil layer and a contracted state of being accommodated in the mounting rod (2), a driving component (5) arranged in the monitoring tube (1) and used to control the state conversion of the anchoring component (4), and a displacement measuring unit arranged in the monitoring tube (1) and used to obtain the vertical displacement data of the mounting rod (2) in real time.

2. The surface settlement monitoring system for an open-cut station under an existing track according to claim 1 is characterized by: The radial positioning assembly (3) comprises: an external thread (6) arranged on the outer wall of the mounting rod (2), a moving part threadedly sleeved on the outer side of the mounting rod (2), and a plurality of double connecting rods (9) evenly distributed around the central axis of the mounting rod (2) and hinged at both ends to the moving part and the outer wall of the mounting rod (2).

3. The surface settlement monitoring system for an open-cut station under an existing track according to claim 2 is characterized by: The movable member comprises: a movable sleeve (7) having an inner thread matched with an outer thread (6) on its inner side surface and threadedly sleeved on the outer side of the mounting rod (2); and a fixed sleeve (8) rotatably sleeved on the movable sleeve (7); and the double connecting rod (9) member comprises: two connecting rods (9) whose ends are hinged to each other, and the ends of the two connecting rods (9) that are away from each other are respectively hinged to the fixed sleeve (8) and the mounting rod (2) through hinge seats.

4. The surface settlement monitoring system for an open-cut station under an existing track according to claim 3 is characterized by: The two connecting rods (9) are hingedly connected via a pin shaft (10), and a roller (11) is provided at the end of the pin shaft (10).

5. The surface settlement monitoring system for an open-cut station under an existing track according to claim 1 is characterized by: The anchor assembly (4) comprises: a threaded groove (12) arranged on the inner side wall of the bottom of the mounting rod (2), an anchor rod (13) arranged in the mounting rod (2), a first sliding rod (14) having one end fixedly connected to the upper end of the anchor rod (13) and the other end slidably arranged in the threaded groove (12), and a connecting piece arranged in the mounting rod (2) and with a retractable bottom end, wherein the bottom end of the connecting piece is rotatably connected to the top end of the anchor rod (13).

6. The surface settlement monitoring system for an open-cut station under an existing track according to claim 5 is characterized by: The connecting member comprises: a connecting sleeve (15) whose outer wall is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the upper part of the mounting rod (2), an adjusting rod (16) whose bottom end is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the connecting sleeve (15), a telescopic rod (17) whose one end is rotatably connected to the top of the anchor rod (13) and whose other end is threadedly connected to the inside of the adjusting rod (16), a second sliding rod (18) arranged on the outer wall of the telescopic rod (17), and a vertical sliding groove (19) vertically arranged on the inner wall of the mounting rod (2) and slidably connected to the second sliding rod (18).

7. The surface settlement monitoring system for an open-cut station under an existing track according to claim 5 is characterized by: The bottom end of the anchor rod (13) is conical, and a spiral blade (20) is provided on the outer side wall of the anchor rod (13).

8. The surface settlement monitoring system for an open-cut station under an existing track according to claim 6 is characterized by: The driving assembly (5) comprises: a driving motor (21) arranged in the monitoring tube (1), a rotating shaft (22) connected to the output end of the driving motor (21) and having its bottom end rotating and penetrating the bottom wall of the monitoring tube (1), a driving tube (23) fixedly connected to the bottom end of the rotating shaft (22), which is hollow inside and open at the bottom end, and a limit bar (24) fixedly connected to the bottom end of the detection tube, a groove (25) being provided on the inner side wall of the driving tube (23), an insert bar (26) matching the groove (25) being provided on the outer side wall of the adjusting rod (16), the driving tube (23) being sleeved on the adjusting rod (16), and a limit groove (27) matching the limit bar (24) being provided on the outer side wall of the mounting rod (2).

9. The surface settlement monitoring system for an open-cut station under an existing track according to claim 1 is characterized by: The monitoring tube (1) comprises a tube body (29) and a cover plate (28) arranged at the top of the tube body (29); the diameter of the tube body (29) is smaller than the diameter of the monitoring hole; the diameter of the cover plate (28) is larger than the diameter of the monitoring hole; and a mounting hole (30) is penetrated through the cover plate (28).

10. The surface settlement monitoring system for an open-cut station under an existing track according to claim 1, characterized in that: The displacement measurement unit comprises: a power supply battery pack arranged on the monitoring tube (1), a laser rangefinder (31) connected to the power output end of the power supply battery pack, and a rangefinder plate (32) arranged on the outside of the mounting rod (2) for reflecting laser light, wherein the laser rangefinder (31) is communicatively connected to a data processing module via a wireless communication module.

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