Efficient mining method for upward segmented subsequent filling of thick and large phosphorus ore layer containing interlayer

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of phosphorite bed mining design, and particularly relates to an efficient mining method for upward segmented subsequent filling of a thick and large phosphorite layer containing an interlayer. The method comprises the following steps: a top pillar is arranged between an upper middle section and a lower middle section, and each middle section is divided into a plurality of subsections; segmental transportation roadways and rock drilling ore removal roadways are sequentially constructed for all the segments and the top pillars from bottom to top; mining and filling the subsections of the middle section of the lower part from bottom to top; meanwhile, the lower middle section is lagged, and mining and filling work is conducted on all sections of the upper middle section from bottom to top; after mining and filling of the upper and lower sections of the top pillar are completed; and recovering the top pillar and simultaneously carrying out recovery and filling work on the residual sections of the middle section of the upper part. In addition, a scheme for simultaneously exploiting ore beds on the two sides of the interlayer and reserving triangular ore pillars is provided; and the top pillar and the subsection behind the upper subsection are synchronously mined. The mining efficiency of the interlayer thickness-containing ore bed can be greatly improved, the annual output is improved, the mining cost is reduced, and the mining safety can be ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of mining design of phosphate deposits, and particularly relates to an efficient upward sublevel subsequent filling mining method for thick phosphate ore bodies with interlayers. Background Art

[0002] An interlayer generally refers to the rock that has no mining value between adjacent ore bodies. For an interlayer, when its thickness is very small, it can be mined together with the ore body. When its thickness is slightly larger, the interlayer is usually retained and only the ore body is mined. Generally speaking, the existence of the interlayer will affect the mining efficiency of the ore body. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the stability problem of the interlayer. Therefore, how to turn disadvantages into advantages and improve the mining efficiency of thick phosphate ore bodies with interlayers while ensuring the stability of the interlayer has important research value.

[0003] In addition, at present, for thick ore bodies with large dip angles such as steeply inclined ore bodies, the upward sublevel subsequent filling mining method is generally adopted. However, since the ore body is mined by blasting, and when cemented tailings filling is used, the upper sublevel can only be mined after the filling body has consolidated. Therefore, the mining efficiency is low. Therefore, it is of great significance to study how to improve the mining efficiency of the upward sublevel subsequent filling mining method. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To solve the above problems, the present invention provides an efficient upward sublevel subsequent filling mining method for thick phosphate ore bodies with interlayers. The upper side of the interlayer is ore body b, and the lower side is ore body a. The method includes the following steps:

[0005] S1: Set a crown pillar between the lower and upper levels. Each level is divided into several sublevels along the vertical height direction;

[0006] Preferably, in step S1, both the lower and upper levels are divided into three sublevels along the vertical height direction; the height of the crown pillar is the same as the sublevel height.

[0007] S2: Sequentially from bottom to top, for all sublevels and the crown pillar, on their bottom planes, construct sublevel haulage headings along the strike on the outside of the roof and the outside of the floor; finally, on the top plane of the uppermost sublevel, construct sublevel haulage headings along the strike on the outside of the roof and the outside of the floor;

[0008] Divide each sublevel and the crown pillar into several ore rooms along the strike; for each ore room, construct a drilling and ore-drawing roadway horizontally through the ore body on its bottom plane to connect to the same horizontal sublevel haulage heading; finally, for the ore rooms in the uppermost sublevel, construct a drilling and ore-drawing roadway horizontally through the ore body on its top plane to connect to the same horizontal sublevel haulage heading;

[0009] S3: Mine and fill each sublevel of the lower level from bottom to top; at the same time, lagging behind the lower level, mine and fill each sublevel of the upper level from bottom to top;

[0010] Preferably, in step S3, after the construction of the lower middle roadway is completed, the mining and filling operations are carried out for each section of the lower middle section from bottom to top; after the construction of the upper middle roadway is completed, the mining and filling operations for each section of the upper middle section are carried out from bottom to top in the lower middle section.

[0011] Preferably, in step S3, the upper middle section lags behind the lower middle section by one section.

[0012] Preferably, in step S3, the method of mining and filling for each section is as follows: select a stope, drill blasting holes from the rock drilling and ore drawing roadway at the top of the stope for ore caving, transport the ore from the rock drilling and ore drawing roadway at the bottom of the stope to the sectional haulage roadway, and carry out subsequent cement filling for the goaf generated by the mined ore layer.

[0013] Preferably, in step S3, a number of rows of fan-shaped blasting holes are drilled along the thickness direction of the ore layer, and one row or multiple rows are blasted each time.

[0014] Preferably, in step S3, after the ore in the entire thickness direction of the stope is mined, subsequent cement filling is carried out for the goaf generated by the mined ore layer; or whenever the ore in the entire thickness direction of one ore layer is mined, subsequent cement filling is carried out for the previously mined ore layer, and then after the ore in the entire thickness direction of the other ore layer is mined, subsequent cement filling is carried out for the later mined ore layer.

[0015] Preferably, in step S3, the stopes in each section are alternately divided into first-step stopes and second-step stopes along the strike. First, the mining and filling operations are carried out for the first-step stopes, and then the mining and filling operations are carried out for the second-step stopes.

[0016] Preferably, in step S3, the a ore layer and the b ore layer are mined simultaneously for each section.

[0017] Preferably, in step S3, for each ore layer, triangular ore pillars are left on the bottom side near the roof. The inclined surface of the triangular ore pillar is the top surface of the ore layer on the roof side, and the bottom plane is the same as the bottom plane of the section.

[0018] Preferably, in step S3, the a ore layer and the b ore layer are mined simultaneously from the roof side to the floor side, and the ore of each ore layer is transported out from the sectional haulage roadway on its respective side.

[0019] Preferably, in step S3, first, subsequent cement filling is carried out for the goaf generated by the mining of the a ore layer, then the triangular ore pillars of the a ore layer and the triangular ore pillars of the b ore layer are recovered, and then subsequent cement filling is carried out for the goaf generated by the mining of the b ore layer.

[0020] Preferably, in step S3, for the a ore layer on the lower side of the interlayer, first set filling retaining walls under its triangular ore pillars and at the side sectional transportation roadway opening of the a ore layer at the bottom of this section, and then conduct subsequent cement filling for the goaf generated by the mining of the a ore layer from the sectional transportation roadway at the top of this section; recover the triangular ore pillars of the a ore layer and the triangular ore pillars of the b ore layer in sequence; set a filling retaining wall at the side sectional transportation roadway opening of the b ore layer at the bottom of this section; and then conduct subsequent cement filling for the goaf generated by the mining of the b ore layer from the sectional transportation roadway at the top of this section.

[0021] S4: After the mining and filling of the upper and lower two sections of the top pillar are completed; recover the top pillar and at the same time conduct the mining and filling work for the remaining sections of the upper middle section.

[0022] Preferably, in step S4, for each ore room in the top pillar, re-connect the drilling and ore-drawing roadways constructed on the bottom planes of the ore rooms in the upper sections.

[0023] Preferably, in step S4, the mining and filling method for the top pillar is: the same as the mining and filling method for each sectional ore room in step S3.

[0024] Preferably, in step S4, the mining and filling method for the top pillar is: for each ore room in the top pillar, adopt an eight-shaped stope structure, that is, leave inverted right-angled trapezoidal ore pillars on both sides of each ore room as permanent ore pillars.

[0025] Beneficial technical effects: The present invention proposes a technical solution for simultaneous mining with a top pillar left in the upper and lower double middle sections for a thick large ore body containing an interlayer; and in order to further improve the mining efficiency, a simultaneous mining plan for the ore layers on both sides of the interlayer is given, and in order to improve the safety of simultaneous mining, a technical concept of leaving triangular ore pillars on the roof side is proposed; the height of the top pillar left is the same as that of the section, so that it is synchronously mined with the subsequent sections of the upper section. In order to improve the safety of top pillar mining, an eight-shaped stope mining plan is proposed, and permanent ore pillars are left. The present invention can greatly improve the mining efficiency of the ore layer with an interlayer thickness, increase the annual output, reduce the mining cost, and ensure mining safety. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 It is a schematic inclination profile diagram of the occurrence of the phosphate ore layer and the sectional division of the middle section of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 It is a schematic inclination profile diagram of the development and cutting of the upward sectional subsequent filling high-efficiency mining method of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 It is a schematic strike profile diagram of the development and cutting of the upward sectional subsequent filling high-efficiency mining method of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4 It is a schematic inclination profile diagram of the mining and filling of the upward sectional subsequent filling high-efficiency mining method of the present inventionFigure 1 ;

[0030] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the extraction and filling strike profile of the upward sublevel subsequent filling high-efficiency mining method of the present invention Figure 1 ;

[0031] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the extraction and filling dip profile of the upward sublevel subsequent filling high-efficiency mining method of the present invention Figure 2 ;

[0032] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the extraction and filling strike profile of the upward sublevel subsequent filling high-efficiency mining method of the present invention Figure 2 ;

[0033] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the extraction and filling sequence inclined profile of each sublevel of the present invention;

[0034] In the figure, a - ore layer; b - ore layer; interlayer 1, first sublevel of 1020 level (1020 sublevel) 21, second sublevel of 1020 level (1035 sublevel) 22, third sublevel of 1020 level (1050 sublevel) 23, crown pillar 3, figure-eight stope 31, inverted trapezoidal ore pillar 32, first sublevel of 1080 level (1080 sublevel) 41, second sublevel of 1080 level (1095 sublevel) 42, third sublevel of 1080 level (1110 sublevel) 43; crosscut of the level 5, crosscut of the sublevel 6, drilling and ore-drawing roadway 7, first-step ore room 81, second-step ore room 82, blasting hole 9, filling body 10, filling retaining wall 11. Detailed implementation mode

[0035] Taking Wengan Daxin Beidoushan Phosphate Mine as an example, combined with the attached Figure 1-8 , the present invention will be further described.

[0036] As Figure 1 shown, taking the 1020 level and 1080 level of Wengan Daxin Beidoushan Phosphate Mine as examples, the technical solution of the present invention will be introduced; there are rich a and b ore layers in the above two levels of Wengan Daxin Beidoushan Phosphate Mine, which are steeply inclined ore layers with an inclination angle of about 60°. Among them, the thickness of ore body a is 28 m, and the thickness of ore body b is 32 m; there is an obvious interlayer 1 between ore layer a and ore layer b, which is mainly composed of phosphatic dolomite intercalated with phosphorite-bearing carbonaceous mudstone, with an average thickness of 5 m. Wengan Daxin Beidoushan Phosphate Mine adopts the upward sublevel subsequent filling mining method for extraction. In order to improve the extraction and filling efficiency, the present invention proposes an upward sublevel subsequent filling high-efficiency mining method for thick phosphate ore layers with interlayers, including the following steps:

[0037] S1: Set a crown pillar 3 between the lower 1020 level and the upper 1080 level. The crown pillar 3 is for the 1020 level. For the 1080 level, the crown pillar 3 of the 1020 level is its sill pillar;

[0038] Here, 1020 and 1080 in the middle sections of 1020 and 1080 refer to elevations of 1020 m and 1080 m. In the art, generally the lowest elevation of a middle section is used to number the middle section;

[0039] The mining thickness of the two middle sections is the entire thickness of ore seams a and b; the length of the middle section along the strike can be selected according to the actual situation or based on experience; for the lower 1020 middle section and the upper 1080 middle section, both are divided into three sublevels along the vertical height. The three sublevels of the 1020 middle section are, from bottom to top, the first sublevel of the 1020 middle section (1020 sublevel) 21, the second sublevel of the 1020 middle section (1035 sublevel) 22, and the third sublevel of the 1020 middle section (1050 sublevel) 23; the three sublevels of the 1080 middle section are, from bottom to top, the first sublevel of the 1080 middle section (1080 sublevel) 41, the second sublevel of the 1080 middle section (1095 sublevel) 42, and the third sublevel of the 1080 middle section (1110 sublevel) 43; the height of each sublevel is 15 m, and the height of the top pillar 15 is also 15 m;

[0040] S2: As Figure 2-3 shown; from bottom to top, sublevel haulage roadways 6 are successively constructed for all sublevels and the top pillar 3. On the bottom planes of each sublevel and the top pillar 3, sublevel haulage roadways 6 are constructed along the strike on the outside of the roof (in the hanging wall rock formation) and the outside of the floor (in the footwall rock formation). The elevation of the sublevel haulage roadway 6 of each sublevel is the same as its lowest elevation; the elevation of the sublevel haulage roadway 6 of the top pillar 3 is the same as the lowest elevation of the top pillar 3; the sublevel haulage roadway 6 of the first sublevel at the bottom of each middle section also serves as the haulage roadway of the entire middle section, and can also be called the middle section haulage roadway 5; in addition, on the top plane of the 1110 sublevel 43 at the top, sublevel haulage roadways 6 are constructed along the strike on the outside of the roof (in the hanging wall rock formation) and the outside of the floor (in the footwall rock formation). The bottom plane elevation of the sublevel haulage roadway 6 on the top plane of the 1110 sublevel 43 is the same as the top plane elevation of the 1110 sublevel 43; a total of eight layers of sublevel haulage roadways 6 are constructed for six sublevels and one top pillar 3, and sublevel haulage roadways 6 are constructed on both the top plane and the bottom plane of each sublevel and the top and bottom 3;

[0041] For each sublevel and the top pillar 3, it is divided into several ore rooms along the strike, and the width of each ore room is about 15 - 20 m; for each ore room, a drilling and ore-drawing roadway 7 is horizontally constructed through the ore seam on its bottom plane to connect the sublevel haulage roadways 6 at the corresponding positions on the outside of the roof and the outside of the floor; in addition, for each ore room of the 1110 sublevel 43, a drilling and ore-drawing roadway 7 is horizontally constructed through the ore seam on its top plane to connect the sublevel haulage roadways 6 at the corresponding positions on the outside of the roof and the outside of the floor;

[0042] S3: As Figure 4-5After the sectional haulage roadway 6 and the drilling and ore-drawing roadway 7 in the middle section of 1020 are completed, the mining and filling work of each section in the middle section of 1020 is carried out from bottom to top;

[0043] After the sectional haulage roadway 6 and the drilling and ore-drawing roadway 7 in the middle section of 1080 are completed, the mining and filling work of each section in the middle section of 1080 is carried out from bottom to top;

[0044] Generally, the mining and filling work in the middle section of 1080 lags behind that in the middle section of 1020 by one section. For example, in this embodiment, when the mining and filling work of the 1020th section 21 is carried out, the sectional haulage roadway 6 and the drilling and ore-drawing roadway 7 in the middle section of 1080 are still under construction; when the mining and filling work of the 1050th section 23 in the middle section of 1020 is carried out, the mining and filling work of the 1095th section 42 in the middle section of 1080 is carried out;

[0045] The method of mining and filling each section is as follows: Select a stope 81, 82, and construct several rows of fan-shaped blasting holes 9 along the thickness direction of the ore seam from the drilling and ore-drawing roadway 7 at the top of the stope. One row or multiple rows are blasted each time, and the blasted ore is transported from the drilling and ore-drawing roadway 7 at the bottom of the stope to the sectional haulage roadway 6. After the ore in the entire thickness direction of the stope is mined, subsequent cemented filling is carried out for the goaf formed by mining the ore seam from the drilling and ore-drawing roadway 7 at the top of the stope; or whenever the ore in the entire thickness direction of one ore seam (ore seam a or ore seam b) is mined, subsequent cemented filling is carried out for the previously mined ore seam (ore seam a or ore seam b), and then after the ore in the entire thickness direction of the other ore seam (ore seam b or ore seam a) is mined, subsequent cemented filling is carried out for the subsequently mined ore seam (ore seam b or ore seam a);

[0046] In addition, the stopes in each section can be alternately divided into a first-step stope 81 and a second-step stope 82 along the strike. First, the first-step stope 81 is mined and filled, and then the second-step stope 82 is mined and filled. This is the well-known mining method of mining every other one, which will not be elaborated here;

[0047] As Figure 8 shown, in order to further improve the mining efficiency, the preferred mining method is: For each section, the ore seam a and the ore seam b are mined simultaneously; however, simultaneous mining causes great disturbance to the roof and interlayer. Therefore, it is proposed to leave triangular ore pillars 12 at the bottom side close to the roof of the ore seam b, and leave triangular ore pillars 12 at the bottom side close to the interlayer 1 of the ore seam a, that is, for each ore seam, triangular ore pillars 12 are left at the bottom side close to the roof. The inclined surface of the triangular ore pillar 12 is the top surface of the ore seam on the roof side, and the bottom plane is consistent with the bottom plane of the section;

[0048] Simultaneously mine seam a and seam b from one side of the roof plate to the other side of the floor plate. Specifically, several rows of fan-shaped blasting holes 9 are constructed along the thickness direction of the ore seam from the rock drilling and ore drawing roadway 7 at the top of this section. One row or multiple rows are blasted each time, and the blasted ore is transported out from the rock drilling and ore drawing roadway 7 at the bottom of the ore chamber to the sectional haulage roadway 6. Preferably, each ore seam transports the ore from the sectional haulage roadway 6 on its own side. Then, for seam a on the lower side of the interlayer, first, a filling retaining wall 11 is set under its triangular ore pillar 12 and at the opening of the rock drilling and ore drawing roadway on the side of seam a at the bottom of this section. Then, the void area generated by mining seam a is subsequently cemented and filled from the rock drilling and ore drawing roadway 7 at the top of this section. The triangular ore pillar 12 of seam a and the triangular ore pillar of seam b are recovered in sequence. A filling retaining wall 11 is set at the opening of the rock drilling and ore drawing roadway 7 on the side of seam b at the bottom of this section. Then, the void area generated by mining seam b is subsequently cemented and filled from the rock drilling and ore drawing roadway 7 at the top of this section.

[0049] S4: When all the mining and filling of the 1020 level in the lower part are completed and the filling body 10 is stable; at the same time, when all the mining and filling of the 41st section of the 1080 level in the 1080 level are completed and the filling body 10 is stable; recover the top pillar 3 and simultaneously carry out the mining and filling work on the remaining sections of the 1080 level. For example, in this embodiment, when the recovery work of the top pillar 3 is carried out, the 1080 level is carrying out the mining and filling work of the 43rd section of the 1110 section.

[0050] For each ore chamber in the top pillar 3, a rock drilling and ore drawing roadway 7 is constructed horizontally through the ore seam on the top plane to connect the sectional haulage roadways 6 at the corresponding positions on the outer side of the roof plate and the outer side of the floor plate; that is, reconnect the rock drilling and ore drawing roadways 7 constructed on the bottom plane of each ore chamber in the original 41st section of the 1080 section.

[0051] The method of mining and filling the top pillar 3 is: the same as the method of mining and filling each sectional ore chamber in step S3, and includes the preferred scheme as Figure 8 shown.

[0052] On this basis, since there are filling bodies 10 above and below the top pillar 3, and the strength of the filling body 10 is generally weaker than that of the original ore seam, in order to improve the safety of mining and filling the top pillar 3; for each ore chamber in the top pillar 3, an eight-shaped stope 31 structure is adopted, that is, inverted right-angled trapezoidal ore pillars are left on both sides of each ore chamber, and the inverted right-angled trapezoidal ore pillars between two ore chambers form an inverted trapezoidal ore pillar 32, and the inverted trapezoidal ore pillar 32 is used as a permanent ore pillar.

[0053] The present invention is not limited to the above best implementation manner. Anyone can obtain other various forms of methods under the inspiration of the present invention. However, as long as the technical solutions are the same as or similar to those of the present application, they all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An efficient mining method for a thick phosphate ore layer containing an interlayer, wherein the upper side of the interlayer is the b ore layer and the lower side is the a ore layer, characterized in that: The steps include: S1: A top column is arranged between the lower middle section and the upper middle section, and each middle section is divided into a number of sections along the vertical height direction; S2: From bottom to top, for all the segments and top columns, on their bottom planes, on the outside of the top plate and on the outside of the bottom plate, construct the segment transport lane along the strike direction; finally, on the top plane of the uppermost segment, on the outside of the top plate and on the outside of the bottom plate, construct the segment transport lane along the strike direction; Each section and top pillar is divided into several mine rooms along the strike direction; for each mine room, a rock drilling tunnel is constructed horizontally through the ore layer on the bottom plane to connect to the section transportation tunnel at the same level; finally, for the mine room in the uppermost section, a rock drilling tunnel is constructed horizontally through the ore layer on the top plane to connect to the section transportation tunnel at the same level; S3: Mining and filling each section of the lower middle section from bottom to top; at the same time, mining and filling each section of the upper middle section from bottom to top after lagging the lower middle section; S4: After the mining and filling of the upper and lower sections of the top pillar are completed, the top pillar is recovered and the remaining sections of the upper middle section are mined and filled.

2. The method for efficiently mining a thick phosphate ore layer containing an interlayer by upward segmentation and subsequent filling according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the lower middle section and the upper middle section are divided into three sections along the vertical direction; and / or the height of the top column is the same as the height of the section.

3. The method for efficiently mining a thick phosphate ore layer containing an interlayer by upward segmentation and subsequent filling according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: In step S3, the method for mining and filling each segment is as follows: a mine room is selected, ore is dropped from the blasting hole constructed in the rock drilling tunnel at the top of the mine room, and the ore is transported from the rock drilling tunnel at the bottom of the mine room to the segment transportation tunnel, and the empty area caused by the mined ore layer is subsequently cemented and filled.

4. The method for efficiently mining a thick phosphate ore layer containing an interlayer by upward segmentation and subsequent filling according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step S3, after the mining of ore in the entire thickness direction of the mine room is completed, the empty area generated by the mined ore layer is subsequently cemented and filled; or whenever the mining of ore in the entire thickness direction of one of the ore layers is completed, the first mined ore layer is subsequently cemented and filled, and then after the mining of ore in the entire thickness direction of another ore layer is completed, the later mined ore layer is subsequently cemented and filled.

5. The method for efficiently mining a thick phosphate ore layer containing an interlayer by upward segmentation and subsequent filling according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step S3, each segmented ore chamber is alternately divided into a first-step ore chamber and a second-step ore chamber along the strike direction, and the first-step ore chamber is mined and filled first, and then the second-step ore chamber is mined and filled.

6. The method for efficiently mining a thick phosphate ore layer containing an interlayer by upward segmentation and subsequent filling according to claim 3 or 5, characterized in that: In step S3, for each segment, the a ore layer and the b ore layer are mined simultaneously.

7. The method for efficiently mining a thick phosphate ore layer containing an interlayer by upward segmentation and subsequent filling according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step S3, for each ore layer, a triangular ore pillar is set on its bottom side close to the roof, the slope of the triangular ore pillar is the top surface of the ore layer on one side of the roof, and the bottom plane is consistent with the bottom plane of the segment.

8. The method for efficient mining of a thick phosphate ore layer containing an interlayer by upward segmentation and subsequent filling according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step S3, the a ore layer and the b ore layer are mined simultaneously from the roof side to the bottom side, and the ore of each ore layer is transported out from the segmented transport tunnel on its side.

9. The method for efficiently mining a thick phosphate ore layer containing an interlayer by upward segmentation and subsequent filling according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that: In step S3, the empty area generated by mining the a ore layer is firstly subsequently cemented and filled, and then the triangular ore pillars of the a ore layer and the triangular ore pillars of the b ore layer are successively recovered, and finally the empty area generated by mining the b ore layer is subsequently cemented and filled.

10. The method for efficient mining of a phosphate ore layer containing thick interlayers in stages and then backfilling upwards according to claim 9, characterized in that: In step S4, for each mine room in the top pillar, the rock drilling tunnel constructed on the bottom plane of each mine room in the upper section is reconnected; and / or, In step S4, the mining and filling method of the top pillar is: consistent with the mining and filling method of each segmented mine room in step S3; or, for each mine room in the top pillar, an eight-shaped mining field structure is adopted, and inverted right-angled trapezoidal mine pillars are left on both sides of each mine room as permanent mine pillars.

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