Solid hydrogen storage reactor performance test system for different sizes and scales

Abstract

The invention discloses a solid hydrogen storage reactor performance test system for different sizes and scales, and relates to the technical field of solid hydrogen storage reactor tests.The solid hydrogen storage reactor performance test system comprises a heat exchange passage connected with a solid hydrogen storage reactor, and a first liquid chamber, a second liquid chamber, a third liquid chamber and a fourth liquid chamber are connected to the heat exchange passage in an openable and closable mode; the first liquid chamber, the second liquid chamber, the third liquid chamber and the fourth liquid chamber are arranged in parallel, and the first liquid chamber and the second liquid chamber jointly form a heating module; the testing system further comprises a circulation path with a refrigerating unit, and the third liquid chamber and the fourth liquid chamber are connected into the circulation path. According to the invention, a heat exchange channel is ingeniously combined with a plurality of liquid chambers capable of being opened and closed, the liquid chambers are innovatively divided into a heating module and a refrigeration module, efficient heat management is realized through parallel arrangement and a circulation channel, and high flexibility and strong performance testing capability of the system are shown.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of solid hydrogen storage reactor testing, and particularly relates to a performance testing system for solid hydrogen storage reactors of different size scales. Background Art

[0002] The performance testing of solid hydrogen storage reactors is an important link for evaluating their hydrogen storage performance, safety, and reliability. The main purpose of the performance testing of solid hydrogen storage reactors is to evaluate key performance indicators such as their hydrogen storage capacity, hydrogen absorption and desorption rates, cycle stability, and safety under different conditions. Through testing, it can provide a scientific basis for the optimized design, process improvement, and practical application of solid hydrogen storage reactors.

[0003] In the performance testing of solid hydrogen storage reactors, the configuration of medium heat exchange is an important link, which has a significant impact on improving the hydrogen absorption and desorption performance of the hydrogen storage reactor. Specifically, the main role of medium heat exchange in the performance testing of solid hydrogen storage reactors is to improve the heat transfer effect inside the reactor, thereby promoting the hydrogen absorption and desorption reactions. Since solid hydrogen storage materials (such as metal hydrides) generate a large amount of heat during the hydrogen absorption process, if the heat cannot be dissipated in time, it will cause the temperature inside the reactor to rise, which will in turn affect the rate and efficiency of the hydrogen absorption reaction. Therefore, by configuring a medium heat exchange system, the heat inside the reactor can be effectively removed, maintaining the stability of the reaction temperature, and thus improving the performance of the hydrogen storage reactor.

[0004] Generally, the medium heat exchange system usually consists of a heat exchange medium, heat exchange tubes, a temperature control device, etc. Among them, the heat exchange medium is the key substance for transferring heat, and common heat exchange media include water, air, etc. The heat exchange tubes are used to introduce the heat exchange medium into the reactor interior for heat exchange with the hydrogen storage material. The temperature control device is used to adjust the temperature of the heat exchange medium to meet the requirements under different test conditions. Currently, the medium heat exchange systems all absorb the heat generated during the hydrogen absorption process and then supply the heat to the solid hydrogen storage reactor during the hydrogen desorption process. Because the solid hydrogen storage reactor needs to absorb heat during the hydrogen desorption process, by supplying the heat previously stored by the medium heat exchange system to the solid hydrogen storage reactor again, there is no need to perform heating assistance treatment on the solid hydrogen storage reactor. However, since different types of solid hydrogen storage reactors need to be subjected to performance testing after production, when testing different types of solid hydrogen storage reactors, it is necessary to monitor the hydrogen supply pressure and hydrogen desorption pressure of the solid hydrogen storage reactor in real time. If the above-mentioned medium heat exchange systems are directly used for different types of solid hydrogen storage reactors respectively, due to the different heat absorption and release energies of different types of solid hydrogen storage reactors during the hydrogen absorption and desorption processes, the heat absorption and release energies cannot be maximally stored and utilized, resulting in resource losses; if a set of medium heat exchange systems is configured for each different type of solid hydrogen storage reactor, the testing cost will be increased.

[0005] Based on this, we propose a performance test system for solid-state hydrogen storage reactors of different size scales to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0006] (1) Technical problems to be solved

[0007] The medium heat exchange system in the prior art has a single function. When applied to different types of solid-state hydrogen storage reactors, it cannot adjust the corresponding working mode according to the type of the solid hydrogen storage reactor to adapt to it, and it is relatively inconvenient to use.

[0008] (2) Technical solutions

[0009] To solve the above problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0010] A performance test system for solid-state hydrogen storage reactors of different size scales includes a heat exchange passage connected to the solid-state hydrogen storage reactor. A first liquid chamber, a second liquid chamber, a third liquid chamber, and a fourth liquid chamber are selectively connected to the heat exchange passage, and the first liquid chamber, the second liquid chamber, the third liquid chamber, and the fourth liquid chamber are arranged in parallel. The first liquid chamber and the second liquid chamber together form a heating module; the test system further includes a circulation passage with a refrigeration unit. The third liquid chamber and the fourth liquid chamber are connected to the circulation passage, and the refrigeration unit, the third liquid chamber, and the fourth liquid chamber are arranged in parallel. The third liquid chamber, the fourth liquid chamber, and the refrigeration unit together form a refrigeration module.

[0011] As a further aspect of the present invention: when the amount of hydrogen that the acting solid-state hydrogen storage reactor can store is not less than 10 kg, and the hydrogen absorption and release rate is lower than 2 g / s or only the maximum hydrogen absorption amount is tested, in the hydrogen absorption state, the heat exchange amount between the solid-state hydrogen storage reactor and the heat exchange fluid is S 1 :

[0012] S 1 = ρQ v C ρ ∫T SR1 '(t)dt + ρQ v C ρ ∫T BR1 '(t)dt;

[0013] Wherein, ρ is the density of the heat exchange fluid, Q v is the volume flow rate of the heat exchange fluid, C ρ is the specific heat capacity of the heat exchange fluid, T SR1 '(t) is the temperature change rate of the heat exchange fluid in the first liquid chamber, and T BR1 '(t) is the temperature change rate of the heat exchange fluid in the second liquid chamber.

[0014] As a further solution of the present invention: when the amount of hydrogen that can be stored in the solid-state hydrogen storage reactor in use is less than 10 kg, and the hydrogen absorption and desorption rate is lower than 2 g / s or only the test of the maximum hydrogen absorption amount is carried out, in the hydrogen absorption state, the heat exchange amount S between the solid-state hydrogen storage reactor and the heat exchange fluid 2 :

[0015] S 2 = ρQ v C ρ ∫T SR1 '(t)dt;

[0016] where ρ is the density of the heat exchange fluid, Q v is the volume flow rate of the heat exchange fluid, C ρ is the specific heat capacity of the heat exchange fluid, T SR1 '(t) is the temperature change rate of the heat exchange fluid in the first liquid chamber.

[0017] As a further solution of the present invention: a first electric heater is provided in the first liquid chamber, a second electric heater is provided in the second liquid chamber, and a hydrogen burner is connected in the heat exchange path; when the amount of hydrogen that can be stored in the solid-state hydrogen storage reactor in use is not less than 10 kg, and the hydrogen absorption and desorption rate is not lower than 2 g / s or only the test of the maximum hydrogen absorption amount is carried out, in the hydrogen absorption state, the heat exchange amount S between the solid-state hydrogen storage reactor and the heat exchange fluid 3 :

[0018] S 3 = ρQ v C ρ (T 2 (t)-T BR2-s );

[0019] In the hydrogen desorption state, the heat exchange amount S between the heat exchange fluid and the solid-state hydrogen storage reactor (a) 4 :

[0020] S 4 = ρQ v C ρ (T BR1-s -T 2 (t));

[0021] S 5 = x·P d2 + y·P H ;

[0022] where ρ is the density of the heat exchange fluid, Q v is the volume flow rate of the heat exchange fluid, C ρ is the specific heat capacity of the heat exchange fluid, T 2 (t) is the outlet temperature of the heat exchange fluid in the solid-state hydrogen storage reactor, T BR2-sThe set refrigeration temperature target value for the heat exchange fluid in the circulation path, T BR1-s The set heating temperature target value for the heat exchange fluid in the heat exchange path, P d2 is the power of the second electric heater, P H is the power of the hydrogen burner, and x, y are cost factors with a value range of 0 - 1.

[0023] As a further aspect of the present invention: a first electric heater is provided in the first liquid chamber, a second electric heater is provided in the second liquid chamber, and a hydrogen burner is connected in the heat exchange path; when the amount of hydrogen that the solid hydrogen storage reactor can store is less than 10 kg and the hydrogen absorption and release rate is not less than 2 g / s or only the maximum hydrogen absorption amount test is performed, in the hydrogen absorption state, the heat exchange amount S between the solid hydrogen storage reactor and the heat exchange fluid 6 :

[0024] S 6 = ρQ v C ρ (T 2 (t) - T SR2-s );

[0025] In the hydrogen release state, the heat exchange amount S between the heat exchange fluid and the solid hydrogen storage reactor (a) 7 :

[0026] S 7 = ρQ v C ρ (T SR1-s - T 2 (t));

[0027] S 8 = x·P d1 + y·P H ;

[0028] Among them, ρ is the density of the heat exchange fluid, Q v is the volume flow rate of the heat exchange fluid, C ρ is the specific heat capacity of the heat exchange fluid, T 2 (t) is the outlet temperature of the heat exchange fluid in the solid hydrogen storage reactor, T SR2-s is the set refrigeration temperature target value for the heat exchange fluid in the circulation path, T SR1-s is the set heating temperature target value for the heat exchange fluid in the heat exchange path, P d1 is the power of the first electric heater, P H is the power of the hydrogen burner, and x, y are cost factors with a value range of 0 - 1.

[0029] As a further aspect of the present invention: a first water pump and a second water pump are respectively provided on the heat exchange path and the circulation path, and the first water pump is provided in two groups.

[0030] As a further solution of the present invention: The test system further includes a test platform connected to the solid-state hydrogen storage reactor, and a hydrogen source connected to the test platform.

[0031] As a further solution of the present invention: The test system further includes a controller electrically connected to the test platform. Temperature sensors are provided in both the heat exchange path and the circulation path, and the temperature sensors are electrically connected to the controller. The first electric heater, the second electric heater, and the refrigeration unit are all electrically connected to the controller, and the first electric heater, the second electric heater, and the refrigeration unit are all controlled by the controller.

[0032] As a further solution of the present invention: The first liquid chamber, the second liquid chamber, the third liquid chamber, and the fourth liquid chamber are all connected to the heat exchange path through valves. The third liquid chamber and the fourth liquid chamber are also connected to the circulation path through valves. The test platform is also connected to the hydrogen source and the solid-state hydrogen storage reactor through valves.

[0033] As a further solution of the present invention: The valves on each liquid chamber are all electrically connected to the controller, and the valves on each liquid chamber are all controlled by the controller.

[0034] (III) Beneficial effects

[0035] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0036] 1. The present invention ingeniously combines the heat exchange path with multiple openable and closable liquid chambers, and innovatively divides them into a heating module and a cooling module. Through parallel setting and a circulation path, efficient heat management is achieved, demonstrating the high flexibility of the system and the powerful performance testing ability, and being adaptable to different types of solid-state hydrogen storage reactors.

[0037] 2. The solid-state hydrogen storage reactor hydrogen absorption and desorption performance test system of the present invention adopts equipment such as two-stage heat exchange liquid chambers, a heating module, a hydrogen burner, and a refrigeration unit, and can perform hydrogen absorption and desorption performance tests on solid-state hydrogen storage reactors of different sizes and scales. While utilizing the heat and cold generated by the hydrogen absorption and desorption of the solid-state hydrogen storage reactor, it also takes into account the fast-response regulation of the hydrogen absorption and desorption rate and low-energy consumption operation, greatly reducing the time required for the solid-state hydrogen storage reactor during hydrogen absorption and desorption and the power consumption generated by the system due to heat exchange. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the drawings.

[0039] Figure 1 It is a schematic block diagram structure of the present invention.

[0040] In the figure: 1, heat exchange passage; 2, first liquid chamber; 3, second liquid chamber; 4, third liquid chamber; 5, fourth liquid chamber; 6, circulation passage; 7, refrigeration unit; 8, first water pump; 9, second water pump; 10, test platform; 11, hydrogen source; 12, controller; 13, hydrogen burner; 101, heating module; 102, refrigeration module; a, solid-state hydrogen storage reactor. Specific embodiments

[0041] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0042] As Figure 1 shown, a performance test system for solid-state hydrogen storage reactors for different size scales includes a heat exchange passage 1 with heat exchange fluid inside. The two ends of the heat exchange passage 1 are respectively connected to the solid-state hydrogen storage reactor a to achieve heat exchange with the solid-state gas storage reactor a. Specifically, the solid-state hydrogen storage reactor a generally adopts an internal heat exchange or external heat exchange method to achieve this. Among them, external heat exchange generally adopts a water jacket heat exchange structure. It should be noted that for internal heat exchange, heat exchange structures such as straight pipes, U-shaped pipes, or spiral pipes need to be introduced inside the solid-state hydrogen storage reactor a.

[0043] To implement the test work, this application also includes a test platform 10 connected to the solid-state hydrogen storage reactor a, and a hydrogen source 11 connected to the test platform 10. Among them, hydrogen mass flow sensors and pressure sensors are provided inside the test platform 10 for monitoring the hydrogen supply pressure and hydrogen release pressure of the solid-state hydrogen storage reactor a, etc.

[0044] This application makes improved settings for the heat exchange passage 1 to achieve the test of different types of solid-state gas storage reactors a. Specifically as follows:

[0045] (1) The first liquid chamber 2, the second liquid chamber 3, the third liquid chamber 4, and the fourth liquid chamber 5 are accessibly connected to the heat exchange passage 1, and the first liquid chamber 2, the second liquid chamber 3, the third liquid chamber 4, and the fourth liquid chamber 5 are arranged in parallel. The first liquid chamber 2 and the second liquid chamber 3 together form the heating module 101, which can be represented by the dashed box on the left in Figure 1 this.

[0046] (2) The test system further includes a circulation path 6 with a refrigeration unit 7. There is also a heat exchange fluid in the circulation path 6. The third liquid chamber 4 and the fourth liquid chamber 5 are connected to the circulation path 6, and the refrigeration unit 7, the third liquid chamber 4, and the fourth liquid chamber 5 are arranged in parallel. The third liquid chamber 4, the fourth liquid chamber 5, and the refrigeration unit 7 together form a refrigeration module 102, which can be represented by Figure 1 the dashed box on the right side in

[0047] Furthermore, a first electric heater is arranged in the first liquid chamber 2, a second electric heater is arranged in the second liquid chamber 3, and a hydrogen burner 13 is connected to the heat exchange path 1. The first electric heater, the second electric heater, and the hydrogen burner 13 are used to improve the temperature of the heat exchange fluid inside the heat exchange path 1.

[0048] To drive the circulation of the heat exchange fluid in the heat exchange path 1 and the circulation path 6, a first water pump 8 and a second water pump 9 can be respectively arranged on the heat exchange path 1 and the circulation path 6. Preferably, two sets of the first water pumps 8 are arranged, and the two sets of the first water pumps 8 are respectively arranged at the two ports of the heat exchange path 1.

[0049] To be able to adjust the temperature of the heat exchange fluid in the heat exchange path 1 and the circulation path 6 in real time, the present application further includes a controller 12 electrically connected to the test platform 10. Temperature sensors are arranged in both the heat exchange path 1 and the circulation path 6, and the temperature sensors are electrically connected to the controller 12. The first electric heater, the second electric heater, and the refrigeration unit 7 are all electrically connected to the controller 12, and the first electric heater, the second electric heater, and the refrigeration unit 7 are all controlled by the controller 12. The temperature sensor is used to sense the temperature of the heat exchange fluid, and this temperature signal is transmitted as an input to the controller 12. The controller 12 controls the first electric heater, the second electric heater, and the refrigeration unit 7 to make corresponding feedbacks accordingly. The heat released during the hydrogen absorption process of the solid-state hydrogen storage reactor a in the present application is well absorbed by the heat exchange path 1. During the subsequent hydrogen release process, the heat exchange path 1 supplies the stored heat to the solid-state hydrogen storage reactor a again; meanwhile, through the action of the above control components, the heat exchange path 1 can be heated and the circulation path 6 can be cooled, so that the solid-state hydrogen storage reactor a is in a good working state, facilitating the test platform 10 to accurately test it.

[0050] Further, the first liquid chamber 2, the second liquid chamber 3, the third liquid chamber 4, and the fourth liquid chamber 5 are all connected to the heat exchange passage 1 through valves. Specifically, in the attached drawings, the valves on the first liquid chamber 2 are denoted by V03 and V04, the valves on the second liquid chamber 3 are denoted by V05 and V06, the valves between the third liquid chamber 4 and the heat exchange passage 1 are denoted by V07 and V08, and the valves between the fourth liquid chamber 5 and the heat exchange passage 1 are denoted by V11 and V12. The third liquid chamber 4 and the fourth liquid chamber 5 are also connected to the circulation passage 6 through valves. Specifically, in the attached drawings, the valves between the third liquid chamber 4 and the circulation passage 6 are denoted by V09 and V10, and the valves between the fourth liquid chamber 5 and the circulation passage 6 are denoted by V13 and V14. The test platform 10 is also connected to the hydrogen source 11 and the solid-state hydrogen storage reactor a through valves. Specifically, in the attached drawings, the valve between the test platform 10 and the hydrogen source 11 is denoted by V01, and the valve between the test platform 10 and the solid-state hydrogen storage reactor a is denoted by V02.

[0051] On the basis of setting the above valves, the valves on each liquid chamber can also be electrically connected to the controller 12, and the valves on each liquid chamber are all controlled by the controller 12. With the input of the temperature sensors on the heat exchange passage 1 and the circulation passage 6, the controller 12 can be used to change the opening degree of the valves, thereby achieving precise regulation.

[0052] This application adapts the corresponding working modes according to different types of the solid-state hydrogen storage reactor a for the heat exchange passage 1 and the circulation passage 6. It should be noted that the distinction between the large or small size of the solid-state hydrogen storage reactor a mentioned in this article is based on the size for storing 10 kg of hydrogen. When the solid-state hydrogen storage reactor a can store no less than 10 kg of hydrogen, it is determined to be of large size; when the solid-state hydrogen storage reactor a can store less than 10 kg of hydrogen, it is determined to be of small size. Similarly, the low requirement for the hydrogen absorption and desorption rate mentioned in this article refers to a hydrogen absorption and desorption rate lower than 2 g / s; when the hydrogen absorption and desorption rate is not less than 2 g / s, it refers to a high requirement for the hydrogen absorption and desorption rate.

[0053] Working mode 1:

[0054] If the size of the solid-state hydrogen storage reactor a is large and the requirement for the hydrogen absorption and desorption rate is not high, or only the test of the maximum hydrogen absorption capacity is carried out, the following test process is adopted for the hydrogen absorption link: In the initial state, the heat exchange fluids in the first liquid chamber 2, the second liquid chamber 3, the third liquid chamber 4, and the fourth liquid chamber 5 are all at room temperature. Open the valves V03 and V04 of the heating module 101, start the first water pump 8, open the valves V01 and V02, and start the test platform 10 to carry out hydrogen absorption operation on the large-volume solid-state hydrogen storage reactor a. During the hydrogen absorption process of the solid-state hydrogen storage reactor a, heat is released and the internal temperature rises, which will heat the heat exchange fluid. Until the temperature rise rate of the fluid in the first liquid chamber 2 significantly decreases (specifically, the temperature rise rate T SR1 '(t)<T SR1 '(t) max / 4 is used as the judgment criterion), then close the first water pump 8 and close the valves V03 and V04. Open the valves V05 and V06 of the heating module 101 and start the first water pump 8. The large-volume solid-state hydrogen storage reactor a continues to absorb hydrogen, and starts to heat the fluid in the second liquid chamber 3 until the hydrogen absorption process is completed, and record the temperature change curve T BR1 (t) of the second liquid chamber 3. Close the first water pump 8, close the valves V05 and V06, close the valves V02 and V01, and close the test platform 10. During the above process, record the obtained heat S 1 =ρQ v C ρ ∫T SR1 '(t)dt+ρQ v C ρ ∫T BR1 '(t)dt. This parameter can be used to evaluate the energy utilization amount of the test platform 10 under this working condition, where: ρ is the density of the heat exchange fluid, Q v is the volume flow rate of the heat exchange fluid, C ρ is the specific heat capacity of the heat exchange fluid, T SR1 '(t) is the temperature change rate of the heat exchange fluid in the first liquid chamber 2, and T BR1 '(t) is the temperature change rate of the second liquid chamber 3. This test process fully stores the heat released by the large-volume solid-state hydrogen storage reactor during the hydrogen absorption link for use in the subsequent hydrogen desorption link to accelerate the hydrogen desorption reaction rate.

[0055] To make full use of the heat released by the solid-state hydrogen storage reactor a during the hydrogen absorption link to accelerate the hydrogen desorption rate, the following test process is adopted for the hydrogen desorption link: Open the valves V03 and V04 of the heating module 101 and start the first water pump 8. Open the valve V02 and start the test platform 10 to carry out hydrogen desorption operation on the large-volume solid-state hydrogen storage reactor a. During the hydrogen desorption process of the solid-state hydrogen storage reactor a, heat is absorbed and the internal temperature drops, which will cool the heat exchange fluid until the temperature of the fluid in the first liquid chamber 2 is lower than the ambient temperature Ta , that is, T SR1 (t) < T a . Close the first water pump 8, close valves V03 and V04. Open valves V05 and V06 of the heating module 101, and start the first water pump 8. The large-volume solid-state hydrogen storage reactor a continues to release hydrogen, and starts to cool the fluid in the first liquid chamber 2 until the temperature of the fluid in the second liquid chamber 3 is lower than the ambient temperature T a , that is, T BR1 (t) < T a . Close the first water pump 8, close valves V05 and V06. Open valves V11 and V12 of the refrigeration module 102, and start the first water pump 8. The large-volume solid-state hydrogen storage reactor a continues to release hydrogen, and starts to cool the fluid in the fourth liquid chamber 5 to T BR2 (t) until the hydrogen release process is completed. Close the first water pump 8, close valves V11 and V12, close valve V02, and close the test platform 10. This process not only utilizes the heat in the hydrogen absorption process, but also introduces the cold generated by hydrogen release into the fourth liquid chamber 5 of the refrigeration module 102, which can be used for subsequent other hydrogen absorption tests, saving refrigeration power consumption.

[0056] Operating mode two:

[0057] If the size of the solid-state hydrogen storage reactor a is small and the requirements for the hydrogen absorption and release rate are not high or only the maximum hydrogen absorption capacity is tested, the following test process is adopted for the hydrogen absorption process: In the initial state, the heat exchange fluids in the first liquid chamber 2, the second liquid chamber 3, the third liquid chamber 4, and the fourth liquid chamber 5 are all at room temperature. Open valves V03 and V04 of the heating module 101, and start the first water pump 8. Open valves V01 and V02, and start the test platform 10 to perform hydrogen absorption operation on the small-volume solid-state hydrogen storage reactor a. During the hydrogen absorption process of the solid-state hydrogen storage reactor a, heat is released, which will heat the heat exchange fluid. The temperature in the first liquid chamber 2 rises, and the temperature change curve T SR1 (t) of the first liquid chamber 2. The hydrogen absorption process is completed. Close the first water pump 8, close valves V03 and V04. Close valves V02 and V01, and close the test platform 10. Record the obtained heat S 2 = ρQ v C ρ ∫T SR1 '(t)dt. This parameter can be used to evaluate the amount of energy utilized by the test platform 10. Where: ρ is the density of the heat exchange fluid, Q v is the volume flow rate of the heat exchange fluid, C ρ is the specific heat capacity of the heat exchange fluid, and T SR1 '(t) is the temperature change rate of the heat exchange fluid in the first liquid chamber 2. This test process fully stores the heat released by the small-volume solid-state hydrogen storage reactor a during the hydrogen absorption process for use in the subsequent hydrogen release process, accelerating the hydrogen release reaction rate.

[0058] To make full use of the heat released by the reactor a during the hydrogen absorption process and accelerate the hydrogen release rate, the following test process is adopted for the hydrogen release process: Open the valves V03 and V04 of the heating module 101, and start the first water pump 8. Open the valve V02, and start the test platform 10 to perform hydrogen release operation on the small-volume solid hydrogen storage reactor a. During the hydrogen release process of the solid hydrogen storage reactor a, heat is absorbed and the internal temperature drops, which will cool the heat exchange fluid until the temperature of the fluid in the first liquid chamber 2 is lower than the ambient temperature T a , that is, T SR1 (t) < T a . Close the first water pump 8, and close the valves V03 and V04. Open the valves V07 and V08 of the refrigeration module 102, and start the first water pump 8. The small-volume solid hydrogen storage reactor a continues to release hydrogen, and starts to cool the fluid in the third liquid chamber 4 to T SR2 (t) until the hydrogen release process is completed. Close the first water pump 8, close the valves V07 and V08, close the valve V02, and close the test platform 10. This process not only utilizes the heat in the hydrogen absorption process, but also introduces the cold generated during hydrogen release into the third liquid chamber 4 of the refrigeration module 102, which can be used for subsequent other hydrogen absorption tests, saving the refrigeration power consumption.

[0059] Working mode three:

[0060] If the size of the solid hydrogen storage reactor a is large and high requirements are imposed on the hydrogen absorption and release rates or the cyclic hydrogen absorption performance needs to be tested, the following test process is adopted for the hydrogen absorption process: Start the refrigeration unit 7, and set the refrigeration temperature to the target value T BR2-s . Start the second electric heater in the second liquid chamber 3, and set the heating temperature to the target value T BR1-s , and pre-heat the high-temperature circulating water required for the hydrogen release process so that it can be used immediately when the hydrogen release stage starts. Open the valves V13 and V14, start the second water pump 9 to cool the fourth liquid chamber 5. Open the valves V11 and V12, start the first water pump 8, open the valves V01 and V02, and start the test platform 10 to perform hydrogen absorption operation on the large-volume reactor a. The real-time heat exchange amount between the solid hydrogen storage reactor a and the fluid during the hydrogen absorption process is S 3 = ρQ v C ρ (T 2 (t) - T BR2-s ), where: ρ is the density of the heat exchange fluid, Q v is the volume flow rate of the heat exchange fluid, C ρ is the specific heat capacity of the heat exchange fluid, T 2 (t) is the outlet temperature of the heat exchange fluid in the solid hydrogen storage reactor a, T BR2-sThe target refrigeration temperature value set for the heat exchange fluid in the circulation path 6. Until the hydrogen absorption is completed, turn off the first water pump 8, close the valves V11 and V12, close the valves V01 and V02, and turn off the test platform 10.

[0061] The specific steps of the cyclic hydrogen release process are as follows: Open the valves V05 and V06, start the first water pump 8, start the hydrogen burner 13, and further heat the heat exchange fluid in the second liquid chamber 3 to displace the low-temperature fluid remaining in the heat exchange structure of the solid-state hydrogen storage reactor a during the hydrogen absorption stage. The actual required heat exchange amount S 4 = ρQ v C ρ (T BR1-s -T 2 (t)), S 5 = x·P d2 + y·P H , where: ρ is the density of the heat exchange fluid, Q v is the volume flow rate of the heat exchange fluid, C ρ specific heat capacity of the heat exchange fluid, T 2 (t) is the outlet temperature of the heat exchange fluid in the solid-state hydrogen storage reactor a, T BR1-s is the target heating temperature value set for the heat exchange fluid in the heat exchange path 1, P d2 is the power of the second electric heater, P H is the power of the hydrogen burner 13, x, y are cost factors, and the value range is 0 to 1. Under the same conditions, when the electricity cost is less than the hydrogen combustion cost, the electric heater is started preferentially and x is taken as large as possible, y is taken as small as possible. If S t > P d , x is taken as 1. On the contrary, the hydrogen burner 13 is started preferentially and x is taken as small as possible, y is taken as large as possible. If S t > P H , y is taken as 1. Open the valve V02, start the test platform 10, and perform the hydrogen release operation on the large-volume solid-state hydrogen storage reactor a until the hydrogen release is completed. Turn off the hydrogen burner 13, turn off the first water pump 8, close the valves V05 and V06, close the valve V02, and turn off the test platform 10.

[0062] Operating mode four:

[0063] If the size of the solid-state hydrogen storage reactor a is small and the requirements for the hydrogen absorption and release rate are high or the test of the cyclic hydrogen absorption performance needs to be carried out, the following test process is adopted for the hydrogen absorption link: Start the refrigeration unit 7 and set the refrigeration temperature to the target value T SR2-s . Start the first electric heater in the first liquid chamber 2 and set the heating temperature to the target value T SR1-s, heat the high-temperature circulating water required for the hydrogen release process in advance, so that it can be used immediately when the hydrogen release stage starts. Open valves V13 and V14, start the second water pump 9, and cool the third liquid chamber 4. Open valves V07 and V08, start the first water pump 8, open valves V01 and V02, and start the test platform 10 to perform a hydrogen absorption operation on the small-volume solid hydrogen storage reactor a. The real-time heat exchange amount between the reactor a and the fluid during the hydrogen absorption process is S 6 = ρQ v C ρ (T 2 (t) - T SR2-s ), where: ρ is the density of the heat exchange fluid, Q v is the volume flow rate of the heat exchange fluid, C ρ is the specific heat capacity of the heat exchange fluid, T 2 (t) is the outlet temperature of the heat exchange fluid in the solid hydrogen storage reactor, T SR2-s is the set refrigeration temperature target value of the heat exchange fluid in the circulation path 6. Stop when the hydrogen absorption is completed. Turn off the first water pump 8, close valves V07 and V08, close valves V01 and V02, and turn off the test platform 10

[0064] The specific steps of the cyclic hydrogen release process are as follows: Open valves V03 and V04, start the first water pump 8, start the hydrogen burner 13, and further heat the heat exchange fluid in the first liquid chamber 2 to displace the low-temperature fluid remaining in the heat exchange structure of the reactor during the hydrogen absorption stage. The actually required heat exchange amount S 7 = ρQ v C ρ (T SR1-s - T 2 (t)), S 8 = x·P d1 + y·P H , where: ρ is the density of the heat exchange fluid, Q v is the volume flow rate of the heat exchange fluid, C ρ is the specific heat capacity of the heat exchange fluid, T SR2-s is the set refrigeration temperature target value of the heat exchange fluid in the circulation path 6, T SR1-s is the set heating temperature target value of the heat exchange fluid in the heat exchange path 1, P d1 is the power of the electric heater, P H is the power of the hydrogen burner 13. x, y are cost factors, and their value ranges from 0 to 1. When the electricity cost is less than the hydrogen combustion cost, give priority to starting the electric heater and make x as large as possible and y as small as possible. If S t > P d , x takes 1. On the contrary, give priority to starting the hydrogen burner 13 and make x as small as possible and y as large as possible. If S t > P H, let y be 1. Open valve V02, start the test platform 10, perform hydrogen release operation on the large-volume solid-state hydrogen storage reactor a until the hydrogen release is completed. Close the hydrogen burner 13, close the first water pump 8, close valves V03 and V04, close valve V02, and close the test platform 10.

[0065] The above has described an embodiment of the present invention in detail, but the content is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention and cannot be considered as used to limit the implementation scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and improvements made according to the application scope of the present invention should still fall within the patent coverage scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A performance test system for solid hydrogen storage reactors of different sizes, characterized in that: The test system comprises a heat exchange passage (1) connected to a solid hydrogen storage reactor (a), wherein the heat exchange passage (1) is openably and closably connected to a first liquid chamber (2), a second liquid chamber (3), a third liquid chamber (4) and a fourth liquid chamber (5), and the first liquid chamber (2), the second liquid chamber (3), the third liquid chamber (4) and the fourth liquid chamber (5) are arranged in parallel, and the first liquid chamber (2) and the second liquid chamber (3) together constitute a heating module (101); the test system also comprises a circulation passage (6) having a refrigeration unit (7), the third liquid chamber (4) and the fourth liquid chamber (5) are connected to the circulation passage (6), and the refrigeration unit (7), the third liquid chamber (4) and the fourth liquid chamber (5) are arranged in parallel, and the third liquid chamber (4), the fourth liquid chamber (5) and the refrigeration unit (7) together constitute a refrigeration module (102).

2. A solid-state hydrogen storage reactor performance testing system for different sizes according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the amount of hydrogen that can be stored in the solid hydrogen storage reactor (a) is not less than 10 kg, and the hydrogen absorption and desorption rate is lower than 2 g / s or only the maximum hydrogen absorption amount is tested, the heat exchanged between the solid hydrogen storage reactor (a) and the heat exchange fluid in the hydrogen absorption state is S1: S1=ρQ v C ρ ∫T SR1 'tdt+ρQ v C ρ ∫T BR1 'tdt; Where ρ is the density of the heat transfer fluid, Q v is the volume flow rate of heat transfer fluid, C ρ Specific heat capacity of the heat transfer fluid, T SR1 'tThe temperature change rate of the heat exchange fluid in the first liquid chamber, T BR1 't is the temperature change rate of the heat exchange fluid in the second liquid chamber.

3. A solid-state hydrogen storage reactor performance testing system for different sizes according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the amount of hydrogen that can be stored in the solid hydrogen storage reactor (a) is less than 10 kg, and the hydrogen absorption and desorption rate is lower than 2 g / s or only the maximum hydrogen absorption amount is tested, the heat exchange S2 between the solid hydrogen storage reactor (a) and the heat exchange fluid in the hydrogen absorption state is: <h2 style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr">S2=ρQ<h2 style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr"> v <h2 style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr"> C<h2 style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr"> ρ <h2 style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr"> ∫T<h2 style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr"> SR1 <h2 style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr"> 'tdt; Where ρ is the density of the heat transfer fluid, Q v is the volume flow rate of heat transfer fluid, C ρ Specific heat capacity of the heat transfer fluid, T SR1 't is the temperature change rate of the heat exchange fluid in the first liquid chamber.

4. A solid hydrogen storage reactor performance testing system for different sizes according to claim 1, characterized in that: A first electric heater is arranged in the first liquid chamber (2), a second electric heater is arranged in the second liquid chamber (3), and a hydrogen burner (13) is connected to the heat exchange passage (1); When the amount of hydrogen that can be stored in the solid hydrogen storage reactor (a) is not less than 10 kg, and the rate of hydrogen absorption and desorption is not less than 2 g / s or only the maximum hydrogen absorption amount is tested, the heat exchange S3 between the solid hydrogen storage reactor (a) and the heat exchange fluid in the hydrogen absorption state is: S3=ρQ v C ρ (T2t-T BR2-s ); In the hydrogen release state, the heat exchange S4 between the heat exchange fluid and the solid hydrogen storage reactor (a): S4=ρQ v C ρ (T BR1-s -T2(t)); S5=x·P d2 +y·P H ; Where ρ is the density of the heat transfer fluid, Q v is the volume flow rate of heat transfer fluid, C ρ The specific heat capacity of the heat exchange fluid, T2t is the outlet temperature of the heat exchange fluid in the solid hydrogen storage reactor, T BR2-s The target cooling temperature set for the heat exchange fluid in the circulation path, T BR1-s The target heating temperature of the heat exchange fluid in the heat exchange path is set, P d2 is the power of the second electric heater, P H is the power of the hydrogen burner, x and y are cost factors, ranging from 0 to 1.

5. The solid-state hydrogen storage reactor performance testing system for different sizes according to claim 1, characterized in that: A first electric heater is arranged in the first liquid chamber (2), a second electric heater is arranged in the second liquid chamber (3), and a hydrogen burner (13) is connected to the heat exchange passage (1); when the amount of hydrogen that can be stored in the solid hydrogen storage reactor (a) is less than 10 kg, and the hydrogen absorption and desorption rate is not less than 2 g / s or only the maximum hydrogen absorption amount is tested, in the hydrogen absorption state, the exchange heat S6 between the solid hydrogen storage reactor (a) and the heat exchange fluid is: S6=ρQ v C ρ (T2t-T SR2-s ); In the hydrogen release state, the heat exchange S7 between the heat exchange fluid and the solid hydrogen storage reactor (a): S7=ρQ v C ρ (T SR1-s -T2(t)); S8=x·P d1 +y·P H ; Where ρ is the density of the heat transfer fluid, Q v is the volume flow rate of heat transfer fluid, C ρ The specific heat capacity of the heat exchange fluid, T2t is the outlet temperature of the heat exchange fluid in the solid hydrogen storage reactor, T SR2-s The target cooling temperature set for the heat exchange fluid in the circulation path, T SR1-s The heating temperature target value set for the heat exchange fluid in the heat exchange path, P d1 is the power of the first electric heater, P H is the power of the hydrogen burner, x and y are cost factors, ranging from 0 to 1.

6. A solid-state hydrogen storage reactor performance testing system for different sizes according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that: A first water pump (8) and a second water pump (9) are respectively arranged on the heat exchange passage (1) and the circulation passage (6), and the first water pump (8) is arranged in two groups.

7. A solid-state hydrogen storage reactor performance testing system for different sizes according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that: The test system also includes a test platform (10) connected to the solid hydrogen storage reactor (a), and a hydrogen source (11) connected to the test platform (10).

8. A solid hydrogen storage reactor performance testing system for different sizes according to claim 7, characterized in that: The test system further comprises a controller (12) electrically connected to the test platform (10); temperature sensors are provided in the heat exchange path (1) and the circulation path (6); the temperature sensors are electrically connected to the controller (12); the first electric heater, the second electric heater and the refrigeration unit (7) are electrically connected to the controller (12); and the first electric heater, the second electric heater and the refrigeration unit (7) are controlled by the controller (12).

9. A solid hydrogen storage reactor performance testing system for different sizes according to claim 8, characterized in that: The first liquid chamber (2), the second liquid chamber (3), the third liquid chamber (4) and the fourth liquid chamber (5) are all connected to the heat exchange passage (1) through valves, the third liquid chamber (4) and the fourth liquid chamber (5) are also connected to the circulation passage (6) through valves, and the test platform (10) is also connected to the hydrogen source (11) and the solid hydrogen storage reactor (a) through valves.

10. A solid hydrogen storage reactor performance testing system for different sizes according to claim 9, characterized in that: The valves on each liquid chamber are electrically connected to the controller (12), and the valves on each liquid chamber are controlled by the controller (12).

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