Water and fertilizer integrated irrigation control method for wheat planting

Abstract

The application discloses a water and fertilizer integrated irrigation control method for wheat planting, and particularly relates to the field of irrigation control technology, and comprises the following steps: S1, sensing the growth environment; S2, adjusting the first irrigation amount; S3, monitoring the growth state; S4, adjusting the second irrigation amount; S5, evaluating the irrigation amount adjustment; S6, generating the irrigation adjustment; and S7, feeding back the abnormality. The application monitors the growth environment and the growth state of the wheat in the planting area, determines the root layering level, utilizes the environment sensing terminal to perform real-time sensing in the planting area, and utilizes the growth monitoring terminal to monitor the growth stage of the wheat, so that the irrigation amount of the planting area is finely and flexibly adjusted, the fertilizer is irrigated according to specific growth conditions, high-precision water and fertilizer integrated irrigation for wheat planting is realized, unnecessary waste of water resources is avoided, the required irrigation cost is reduced, the irrigation quality is improved, the green environmental protection goal is achieved, and the wheat water requirement and the fertilizer application amount are maximally guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of irrigation control technology, and more specifically, to a method for integrated water and fertilizer irrigation control in wheat cultivation. Background Technology

[0002] As one of the world's major food crops, wheat's yield and resource utilization efficiency directly affect food security and sustainable agricultural development. Therefore, irrigation and fertilization of wheat are of paramount importance. In traditional wheat cultivation, irrigation and fertilization are generally carried out independently. In terms of irrigation, flood irrigation is commonly used. This method not only wastes a lot of water resources but also easily leads to uneven distribution of soil moisture. In terms of fertilization, it mostly relies on manual experience to broadcast or apply fertilizer in strips. This method makes it difficult to accurately control the amount and location of fertilizer application, which easily leads to fertilizer waste and loss.

[0003] With the development of integrated water and fertilizer technology, existing wheat cultivation combines irrigation and fertilization. First, a preset program is used to set the irrigation cycle and fertilizer concentration, and sensors are used to collect soil moisture. The fertilizer is dissolved in water during irrigation and delivered to the vicinity of the wheat roots, which improves the utilization rate of fertilizer and reduces the waste of resources caused by excessive irrigation.

[0004] However, it still has some drawbacks in practical use. First, relying solely on a single sensor to collect soil moisture data lacks fusion analysis of current weather conditions, leading to a significant deviation between control commands and actual needs. When soil moisture is high, irrigating according to a fixed amount can easily cause excessive soil moisture, affecting wheat root respiration and nutrient absorption. Second, while a fixed fertilization ratio is used for wheat, the method fails to dynamically optimize the water and nutrient requirements based on the different growth stages of wheat, resulting in low fertilizer utilization. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To overcome the aforementioned deficiencies of the prior art, embodiments of the present invention provide an integrated water and fertilizer irrigation control method for wheat cultivation. By monitoring the growth environment and growth status of wheat in the planting area, and thereby making precise and flexible adjustments to the irrigation amount in the planting area, the method maximizes the balance between the water and fertilizer requirements of wheat. At the same time, after adjusting the irrigation amount, the method continues to sense the water and fertilizer requirements of wheat, thereby identifying abnormal situations and solving the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for integrated water and fertilizer irrigation control in wheat cultivation, comprising an environmental sensing terminal, a growth monitoring terminal, irrigation equipment, and a control center, specifically including the following steps:

[0007] S1: Growth Environment Sensing: Determine the root system hierarchy and use environmental sensing terminals to perform real-time sensing in the planting area. The object of growth environment sensing is the first growth data, including soil volumetric water content and soil electrical conductivity.

[0008] S2: First Irrigation Adjustment: The irrigation amount is determined based on the first growth data, and the first irrigation amount is adjusted in combination with historical irrigation amounts and current weather conditions;

[0009] S3: Growth status monitoring: After the irrigation amount is adjusted, the growth stage of wheat is monitored using a growth monitoring terminal. The growth status monitoring object is the second growth data, including chlorophyll content and leaf area.

[0010] S4: Second irrigation amount adjustment: Based on the wheat growth status monitoring, the wheat growth status is determined, and the second irrigation amount is adjusted accordingly.

[0011] S5: Evaluation of irrigation volume adjustment: Based on the first and second irrigation volume adjustments, a water and fertilizer demand model is constructed, and the water and fertilizer demand assessment index is calculated accordingly.

[0012] S6: Generate irrigation adjustments: Generate irrigation adjustments based on the water and fertilizer demand assessment index;

[0013] S7: Anomaly Feedback: Based on irrigation adjustments, the irrigation amount for the planting area is sent to the administrator according to the preset summary method.

[0014] The technical effects and advantages of this invention are as follows:

[0015] This invention uses an environmental sensing terminal to perceive the wheat planting area in real time and determines the root system layer level when deploying the environmental sensing terminal. This enables refined monitoring of the soil in the planting area. On the one hand, it can obtain soil moisture information of different soil layers, thereby more accurately obtaining the actual water requirements of the wheat root system. On the other hand, it can reduce irrigation to avoid water waste and the adverse effects of over-irrigation on the root system.

[0016] This invention obtains the required irrigation amount by combining the soil volumetric water content and soil electrical conductivity with the current weather conditions. It is not limited to soil conditions and adjusts wheat irrigation by making reasonable use of weather conditions, avoiding water waste caused by blind irrigation. By predicting precipitation, irrigation can be reduced when the wheat needs are met and precise irrigation can be carried out during droughts. This can make more effective use of limited water resources and improve water resource utilization efficiency, which is of great significance for ensuring agricultural water use and sustainable development.

[0017] This invention further analyzes the water and fertilizer requirements of wheat in the planting area by constructing a water and fertilizer demand model. By combining the first irrigation adjustment coefficient and the second irrigation adjustment coefficient, it can reflect the soil moisture status and more accurately predict the soil moisture demand. On the other hand, it can reflect the wheat growth status and irrigate according to the specific growth status, so as to achieve high-precision integrated water and fertilizer irrigation for wheat planting, avoid unnecessary waste of water resources, reduce the required irrigation costs, and achieve the goals of improving irrigation quality and green environmental protection. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the device connections used in this invention;

[0020] Figure 3 This is a flowchart of the first irrigation volume adjustment process of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] As attached Figure 1 The water and fertilizer integrated irrigation control method for wheat cultivation shown includes an environmental sensing terminal, a growth monitoring terminal, irrigation equipment, and a control center.

[0023] In a more specific application of the present invention, the environmental sensing terminal is used to perform environmental sensing of the wheat planting area, including a soil moisture sensor and a weather station. For example, the soil moisture sensor can be a Decagon 5TE, used to measure the volumetric water content and soil conductivity of the soil. Due to the high frequency characteristics of the sensor, it greatly reduces the influence of conductivity and soil texture on its readings, and is suitable for all soil types. The weather station can be a Davis Vantage Pro2, used to measure the temperature and precipitation of the wheat planting area and generate a weather report on the local precipitation. The irrigation amount is comprehensively considered through the weather report, thereby optimizing irrigation and realizing intelligent control.

[0024] The growth monitoring terminal is used to monitor the growth stages of wheat. Specifically, it consists of a chlorophyll fluorometer and a drone. The chlorophyll fluorometer and drone can achieve non-contact sensing of wheat growth, which can effectively improve the efficiency of data collection in wheat planting areas. In addition, the non-contact sensing method can effectively reduce the impact of management personnel on wheat planting areas.

[0025] Irrigation equipment is used to irrigate wheat plants with water and fertilizer. It includes a fertilizer pump, an irrigation valve, and a drip irrigation tape. The fertilizer pump is used to mix nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizer stock solutions in proportion and deliver them to the irrigation water, providing water and nutrients to the wheat while improving irrigation efficiency. The irrigation valve is used to control the flow and volume of water during irrigation. The drip irrigation tape is used to drip irrigation water into the soil around the wheat roots in the form of water droplets, which can reduce water evaporation and seepage loss, while improving fertilizer utilization.

[0026] The control center is used to analyze and control data from environmental sensing terminals, growth monitoring terminals, and irrigation equipment in wheat-growing areas.

[0027] The connection relationships between the aforementioned environmental sensing terminals, growth monitoring terminals, irrigation equipment, and control center are detailed below. Figure 2 As shown.

[0028] The specific implementation of this invention includes the following steps:

[0029] S1: Growth Environment Sensing: Determine the root system hierarchy and use an environmental sensing terminal to perform real-time sensing in the planting area, where the growth environment sensing object is the first growth data.

[0030] In this embodiment, it is necessary to specifically explain that the environmental sensing terminal performs real-time sensing in the planting area. By dividing the planting area into equal areas, the root system is determined into different levels, and soil moisture sensors are buried according to the root system levels. The soil moisture sensors are used to monitor the soil volumetric water content and soil electrical conductivity in the planting area.

[0031] Furthermore, the method for determining the root system stratification level is as follows: the soil texture of the planting area is matched with the applicable relationship of the root system stratification level to obtain the stratification level applicable to the soil texture;

[0032] The relationship between the wheat growth stage in the planting area and the applicable root system stratification level is matched to obtain the applicable stratification level for the wheat growth stage.

[0033] The applicable stratification levels for soil texture and wheat growth stage are combined to obtain the stratification level location set. The largest result in the set is taken as the largest root system stratification level, and the applicable relationship of the largest root system stratification level is recorded. The applicable relationship between wheat growth stage and root system stratification level is set as the first-level applicable relationship, and the applicable relationship between soil texture and root system stratification level is set as the second-level applicable relationship.

[0034] Using the maximum root system stratification level as the standard, the reciprocal of the applicable relationship of the maximum root system stratification level is multiplied by 4 to obtain the number of stratification levels. The stratification interval is obtained by dividing the depth of the maximum root system stratification level by the number of stratification levels, thereby determining the root system stratification level.

[0035] It is important to know that the applicable relationship between root stratification and soil texture and wheat growth stage is extracted and constructed by determining the soil's water absorption, porosity, and the vertical distribution characteristics of wheat roots. This relationship is initially determined and set.

[0036] In the example of root system stratification, soil texture, and wheat growth stages in the above scheme, the soil texture is sandy soil, clay soil, and loam, and the wheat growth stages are tillering stage, jointing stage, and maturity stage.

[0037] It needs to be explained that the soil moisture sensors are buried in layers according to the root distribution mainly because of the root growth characteristics of wheat. Wheat roots are not evenly distributed in the soil, and the root density varies at different soil depths. Burying soil moisture sensors in layers according to the root distribution can obtain soil moisture information for different soil layers, thereby more accurately obtaining the actual water requirements of the wheat roots. Soil moisture at a single point can only reflect the moisture of a single soil layer and cannot comprehensively reflect the water requirements of the entire root system, thus leading to biases in irrigation decisions. For example, if the maximum root layer depth is 60 cm, the applicable relationship of the maximum root layer is level one, then the root layer is level 4. Soil moisture sensors are placed at 60 cm, 45 cm, 30 cm, and 15 cm of the root system. When the soil moisture is low at 15 cm but high at 30 cm, reducing the irrigation amount can avoid water waste and the adverse effects of over-irrigation on the root system.

[0038] It should be further explained that soil volumetric water content is the percentage of water in a unit volume of soil, reflecting the amount of water in the soil that can be absorbed and utilized by crops. Since wheat has significantly different water requirements at different growth stages, measuring soil volumetric water content allows for real-time monitoring of soil moisture. When the water content falls below the suitable range for the current growth stage of wheat, irrigation amounts can be determined promptly and accurately, avoiding over-irrigation that wastes water resources and causes soil nutrient loss. Simultaneously, it prevents insufficient irrigation from affecting the normal growth and development of wheat. For example, during the grain-filling stage of wheat, water... The soil is highly sensitive to demand. By accurately measuring the soil volumetric water content, we can ensure that an appropriate amount of water is provided to meet the needs of grain plumpness. Soil electrical conductivity is the total salt content in the soil, which reflects soil fertility. In fertigation, the higher the soil electrical conductivity, the greater the concentration of nutrient ions in the soil. At this time, maintaining the same amount of fertilizer will lead to fertilizer waste and nutrient imbalance. Conversely, the lower the soil electrical conductivity, the more insufficient the soil nutrients are. By monitoring the soil volumetric water content and soil electrical conductivity in real time, we can accurately control the amount of water and fertilizer irrigation, improve resource utilization, and reduce environmental pollution.

[0039] S2: First Irrigation Adjustment: The irrigation amount is determined based on the first growth data, and the first irrigation amount is adjusted in combination with historical irrigation amounts and current weather.

[0040] In this embodiment, the adjustment of the first irrigation amount should be specifically explained as follows:

[0041] A1: The variance of soil volumetric water content at different root system levels is calculated to obtain the characteristic value of soil water content in the planting area.

[0042] A2: The soil electrical conductivity of different root systems is calculated by weighted average to obtain the characteristic value of soil electrical conductivity of the planting area.

[0043] A3: The soil irrigation coefficient is calculated based on the soil moisture content and soil electrical conductivity characteristics, and is specifically expressed as follows:

[0044] ,

[0045] Where QT represents the soil irrigation coefficient, and V c E represents the target soil moisture characteristic value. c Vt represents the soil electrical conductivity characteristic value of the target soil, Et represents the soil moisture content characteristic value of the planting area, and λ1 and λ2 are the weighting coefficients of the soil moisture content characteristic value and the soil electrical conductivity characteristic value, respectively. For example, λ1 and λ2 are 0.5 and 0.3, respectively.

[0046] A4: Historical average precipitation and predicted precipitation are obtained from meteorological stations and multiplied by the soil irrigation coefficient to obtain the first irrigation adjustment coefficient for the planting area, specifically expressed as:

[0047] ,

[0048] Where Q represents the first irrigation adjustment coefficient, and T 历史 T represents the historical average precipitation. 预测 This indicates the predicted precipitation.

[0049] It should be further explained that, according to the soil irrigation coefficient, the smaller the difference between the target soil moisture content characteristic value and the soil moisture content characteristic value of the planting area, the less water the wheat in the planting area needs. The smaller the difference between the target soil electrical conductivity characteristic value and the soil electrical conductivity characteristic value of the planting area, the less fertilizer is needed for the wheat in the planting area. This indicates that the smaller the soil irrigation coefficient, the less irrigation is required in the planting area. According to the first irrigation adjustment coefficient, the smaller the difference between the historical average precipitation and the predicted precipitation, the smaller the first irrigation adjustment coefficient, the less adjustment is needed in the soil irrigation amount.

[0050] S3: Growth status monitoring: After the irrigation amount is adjusted, the growth stage of wheat is monitored using a growth monitoring terminal. The growth status monitoring object is the second growth data, including chlorophyll content and leaf area.

[0051] In this embodiment, it should be specifically explained that the growth monitoring terminal is used to monitor the wheat growth stages in real time. The wheat growth stages include the tillering stage, the jointing stage, and the heading stage. The chlorophyll content of the planting area after the first irrigation amount is adjusted is measured by a chlorophyll fluorescence meter, and the leaf area of ​​the planting area is obtained by a drone.

[0052] It should be further explained that chlorophyll content is a key parameter in wheat growth stages, and leaf area is also an important indicator of wheat growth status. The level of chlorophyll content in wheat leaves is an important indicator reflecting its photosynthetic capacity. By measuring chlorophyll content, we can understand the intensity of photosynthesis in wheat at different growth stages, and thus assess its growth status. By measuring leaf area, we can adjust field management measures, such as fertilizer and water management, according to the wheat's growth status, to optimize the wheat's growing environment and improve its yield and quality.

[0053] S4: Second Irrigation Adjustment: Based on the wheat growth status monitoring, the second irrigation amount for wheat is adjusted accordingly.

[0054] In this embodiment, the adjustment of the second irrigation amount is specifically explained as follows:

[0055] B1: Using UAV remote sensing technology equipped with a high-resolution multispectral sensor, green light, red light, and near-red light in the planting area are collected, and the leaf area of ​​a single plant is calculated by using the reflectance of different wavelengths.

[0056] B2: Compare the leaf areas of individual plants collected by UAV remote sensing, extract the largest and smallest leaf areas of individual plants, and use a chlorophyll fluorescence spectrometer to obtain the chlorophyll content of the largest and smallest leaf areas of individual plants.

[0057] B3: The leaf area state coefficient is calculated by comparing the largest and smallest single-plant leaf areas, and is specifically expressed as follows:

[0058] ,

[0059] Among them, Sa max Sa represents the maximum leaf area per plant. min The value represents the minimum leaf area per plant, and St represents the leaf area state coefficient. The larger the difference between the maximum and minimum leaf areas per plant, the larger the leaf area state coefficient and the worse the wheat growth status.

[0060] B4: Based on the comparison between the leaf area state coefficient and the leaf area state coefficient threshold, if the leaf area state coefficient is greater than the leaf area state coefficient threshold, the wheat growth status is judged as poor; if the leaf area state coefficient is equal to the leaf area state coefficient threshold, the wheat growth status is judged as good; if the leaf area state coefficient is less than the leaf area state coefficient threshold, the wheat growth status is judged as excellent.

[0061] B5: The chlorophyll content of the largest and smallest single-plant leaf areas is compared with the corresponding standard values ​​of chlorophyll content, and combined with the leaf area state coefficient, the second irrigation adjustment coefficient is obtained, specifically expressed as follows:

[0062] ,

[0063] Among them Fa max Fa represents the chlorophyll content corresponding to the largest single plant area. min Fa represents the chlorophyll content corresponding to the smallest single plant area. 标 St represents the standard value for chlorophyll content. yuThe leaf area state coefficient threshold is represented by the formula above. It can be seen that the greater the difference between the chlorophyll content of the largest and smallest single-plant leaf areas and the corresponding standard values ​​of chlorophyll content, the greater the difference in chlorophyll content. When the wheat growth status is judged as poor, the second irrigation adjustment coefficient is larger, and the irrigation amount required in the planting area is greater. Conversely, when the wheat growth status is judged as excellent, the irrigation amount required in the planting area is smaller. The standard value of chlorophyll content can be obtained by taking the average value of the chlorophyll content of historical wheat plantings, and the leaf area state coefficient threshold can be obtained by taking the standard deviation of the leaf area of ​​wheat at different growth statuses.

[0064] S5: Evaluation of irrigation volume adjustment: Based on the first and second irrigation volume adjustments, a water and fertilizer demand model is constructed, and the water and fertilizer demand assessment index is calculated accordingly.

[0065] In this embodiment, the water and fertilizer irrigation assessment is specifically described as follows: A water and fertilizer demand model is constructed by comparing the first irrigation adjustment coefficient corresponding to the first irrigation volume adjustment and the second irrigation adjustment coefficient corresponding to the second irrigation volume adjustment, as follows:

[0066] ,

[0067] Where Q represents the first irrigation adjustment coefficient, Ft represents the second irrigation adjustment coefficient, Ia represents the water and fertilizer demand assessment index, and α1 and α2 represent the weights corresponding to the first and second irrigation adjustment coefficients, respectively. For example, the weights corresponding to the first and second irrigation adjustment coefficients are 0.7 and 0.3, respectively.

[0068] It should be further explained that the first irrigation adjustment coefficient is obtained by fitting soil volumetric water content and soil conductivity, while the second irrigation adjustment coefficient is obtained by fitting chlorophyll content and leaf area. This is because soil volumetric water content and soil conductivity can reflect the soil's moisture level and water status. By fitting the relationship between the two, the soil's water demand can be predicted more accurately, thereby optimizing irrigation strategies. At the same time, chlorophyll content and leaf area are important indicators reflecting crop growth status and photosynthetic efficiency. Fitting the relationship between the two helps to understand the crop's growth status and growth potential, and thus adjust the amount of fertilizer and irrigation to meet the crop's growth needs. Therefore, when constructing the water and fertilizer demand model, it is necessary to combine the first irrigation adjustment coefficient corresponding to the first irrigation amount adjustment and the second irrigation adjustment coefficient corresponding to the second irrigation amount adjustment. When the first irrigation adjustment coefficient is larger and the second irrigation adjustment coefficient is smaller, the water and fertilizer demand assessment index is larger, and the amount of irrigation required in the planting area is larger, thereby evaluating the adjustment of irrigation amount.

[0069] S6: Generate irrigation adjustments: Generate irrigation adjustments based on the water and fertilizer demand assessment index.

[0070] In this embodiment, it should be specifically noted that the irrigation adjustment generation requires the determination of the water and fertilizer demand assessment index, and the specific method is as follows:

[0071] C1: Set the water and fertilizer demand assessment threshold Ia 预 If Ia≤Ia 预 If the water and fertilizer demand assessment index is less than the water and fertilizer demand assessment threshold, it is determined that no irrigation adjustment is needed; otherwise, it is determined that irrigation adjustment is needed.

[0072] C2: When the first irrigation adjustment coefficient does not reach the set standard value but the second irrigation adjustment coefficient does reach the set standard value, it means that the wheat in the planting area has a high water requirement but a low fertilizer requirement. This indicates that the current water demand of the planting area has not been fully met, and it is necessary to increase irrigation to reduce the wheat's water demand. At this time, the irrigation amount is adjusted to increase the irrigation amount. The current irrigation amount is obtained, and then the current irrigation amount is multiplied by 120% to obtain the required irrigation amount. The control center is then used to irrigate according to the demand.

[0073] C3: When the first irrigation adjustment coefficient reaches the set standard value but the second irrigation adjustment coefficient does not reach the set standard value, it means that the wheat in the planting area has a high fertilizer requirement but a low water requirement. This indicates that the current nutritional status and growth potential of the wheat in the planting area urgently require fertilization. At this time, the irrigation adjustment method is determined to be to increase the fertilizer application. The current fertilizer application amount is obtained and combined with the irrigation water amount to obtain the fertilizer dilution degree. The fertilizer dilution degree is obtained through the fertilizer instructions.

[0074] C4: When neither the first irrigation adjustment coefficient nor the second irrigation adjustment coefficient reaches the set standard value, the irrigation amount adjustment method is determined to be increased water and fertilizer irrigation. At this time, the current irrigation amount is obtained, and after comparing it with the first irrigation adjustment coefficient and the second irrigation adjustment coefficient respectively, the largest irrigation adjustment coefficient is extracted, and then multiplied by the current irrigation amount to obtain the final irrigation amount, and irrigation is carried out using the control center.

[0075] S7: Anomaly Feedback: Based on irrigation adjustments, the irrigation amount for the planting area is sent to the administrator according to the preset summary method.

[0076] In this embodiment, it should be specifically explained that the abnormal feedback is obtained by adjusting the water and fertilizer demand assessment index after irrigation in the planting area. If the water and fertilizer demand assessment index is less than the water and fertilizer demand assessment threshold after irrigation adjustment, no further irrigation adjustment is needed. If the water and fertilizer demand assessment index is still greater than the water and fertilizer demand assessment threshold, an alarm is issued to the management personnel, and the abnormal situation is identified. The abnormal situation includes hardware failure, fertilizer concentration deviation, and abnormal local soil moisture. The preset summary method includes any one of report summary, picture summary, and chart summary. When determining the preset summary method, it is necessary to select according to the actual suitability of the abnormal situation and the preset summary method.

[0077] Secondly: The accompanying drawings of the embodiments disclosed in this invention only involve the structures involved in the embodiments disclosed in this invention. Other structures can refer to the general design. In the absence of conflict, the same embodiment and different embodiments of this invention can be combined with each other.

[0078] In conclusion, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A water and fertilizer integrated irrigation control method for wheat cultivation, characterized in that, include: S1: Growth Environment Sensing: Determine the root system hierarchy and use environmental sensing terminals to perform real-time sensing in the planting area. The object of growth environment sensing is the first growth data, including soil volumetric water content and soil electrical conductivity. S2: First Irrigation Adjustment: The irrigation amount is determined based on the first growth data, and the first irrigation amount is adjusted in combination with historical irrigation amounts and current weather conditions; The specific adjustments to the first irrigation amount are as follows: A1: The variance of soil volumetric water content at different root system levels is calculated to obtain the characteristic value of soil water content in the planting area. A2: The soil electrical conductivity of different root systems is calculated by weighted average to obtain the characteristic value of soil electrical conductivity of the planting area. A3: Obtain the soil irrigation coefficient for the planting area; A4: Historical average precipitation and predicted precipitation are obtained from meteorological stations and multiplied by the soil irrigation coefficient to obtain the first irrigation adjustment coefficient for the planting area, specifically expressed as: ， Where Q represents the first irrigation adjustment coefficient, and T 历史 T represents the historical average precipitation. 预测 Indicates the predicted precipitation; The soil irrigation coefficient is calculated based on the soil moisture content characteristic value and the soil electrical conductivity characteristic value, and is specifically expressed as follows: ， Where QT represents the soil irrigation coefficient, and V c E represents the target soil moisture characteristic value. c Vt represents the soil electrical conductivity characteristic value of the target soil, Et represents the soil moisture characteristic value of the planting area, and λ1 and λ2 are the weighting coefficients of the soil moisture characteristic value and the soil electrical conductivity characteristic value, respectively. S3: Growth status monitoring: After the irrigation amount is adjusted, the growth stage of wheat is monitored using a growth monitoring terminal. The growth status monitoring object is the second growth data, including chlorophyll content and leaf area. S4: Second irrigation amount adjustment: Based on the wheat growth status monitoring, the wheat growth status is determined, and the second irrigation amount is adjusted accordingly. The second adjustment to the irrigation volume is as follows: B1: Using UAV remote sensing technology equipped with a high-resolution multispectral sensor, green light, red light, and near-red light in the planting area are collected, and the leaf area of ​​a single plant is calculated by using the reflectance of different wavelengths. B2: Compare the leaf areas of individual plants collected by UAV remote sensing, extract the largest and smallest leaf areas of individual plants, and use a chlorophyll fluorescence spectrometer to obtain the chlorophyll content of the largest and smallest leaf areas of individual plants. B3: The leaf area state coefficient is calculated by comparing the largest and smallest single-plant leaf areas, and is specifically expressed as follows: ， Among them, Sa max Sa represents the maximum leaf area per plant. min The value represents the minimum leaf area per plant, and St represents the leaf area state coefficient. The larger the difference between the maximum and minimum leaf areas per plant, the larger the leaf area state coefficient and the worse the wheat growth status. B4: Based on the comparison between the leaf area state coefficient and the leaf area state coefficient threshold, if the leaf area state coefficient is greater than the leaf area state coefficient threshold, the wheat growth status is judged as poor; if the leaf area state coefficient is equal to the leaf area state coefficient threshold, the wheat growth status is judged as good; if the leaf area state coefficient is less than the leaf area state coefficient threshold, the wheat growth status is judged as excellent. B5: Compare the chlorophyll content of the largest and smallest single-plant leaf areas with the corresponding standard values ​​of chlorophyll content, and combine them with the leaf area state coefficient to obtain the second irrigation adjustment coefficient. The second irrigation adjustment coefficient is specifically expressed as follows: ， Among them Fa max Fa represents the chlorophyll content corresponding to the largest single plant area. min Fa represents the chlorophyll content corresponding to the smallest single plant area. 标 St represents the standard value for chlorophyll content. yu This represents the threshold value for the leaf area state coefficient. S5: Evaluation of irrigation volume adjustment: Based on the first and second irrigation volume adjustments, a water and fertilizer demand model is constructed, and the water and fertilizer demand assessment index is calculated accordingly. S5 constructs a water and fertilizer demand model by comparing the first irrigation adjustment coefficient corresponding to the first irrigation volume adjustment and the second irrigation adjustment coefficient corresponding to the second irrigation volume adjustment, specifically expressed as follows: ， Where Q represents the first irrigation adjustment coefficient, Ft represents the second irrigation adjustment coefficient, Ia represents the water and fertilizer demand assessment index, and α1 and α2 represent the weights corresponding to the first and second irrigation adjustment coefficients, respectively. S6: Generate irrigation adjustments: Generate irrigation adjustments based on the water and fertilizer demand assessment index; S7: Anomaly Feedback: Based on irrigation adjustments, the irrigation amount for the planting area is sent to the administrator according to the preset summary method.

2. The water and fertilizer integrated irrigation control method for wheat planting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first growth data includes soil volumetric water content and soil electrical conductivity. By determining the root system stratification level and burying soil moisture sensors according to the root system stratification level, the soil moisture content and soil electrical conductivity of the planting area are monitored using the soil moisture sensors.

3. The water and fertilizer integrated irrigation control method for wheat planting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method for determining the root system stratification level is as follows: the soil texture of the planting area is matched with the applicable relationship of the root system stratification level to obtain the stratification level applicable to the soil texture; The relationship between the wheat growth stage in the planting area and the applicable root system stratification level is matched to obtain the applicable stratification level for the wheat growth stage. The applicable stratification levels for soil texture and wheat growth stage are combined to obtain the stratification level location set. The largest result in the set is taken as the largest root system stratification level, and the applicable relationship of the largest root system stratification level is recorded. The applicable relationship between wheat growth stage and root system stratification level is set as the first-level applicable relationship, and the applicable relationship between soil texture and root system stratification level is set as the second-level applicable relationship. Using the maximum root system stratification level as the standard, the reciprocal of the applicable relationship of the maximum root system stratification level is multiplied by 4 to obtain the number of stratification levels. The stratification interval is obtained by dividing the depth of the maximum root system stratification level by the number of stratification levels, thereby determining the root system stratification level.

4. The water and fertilizer integrated irrigation control method for wheat planting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The irrigation adjustment process requires determining the water and fertilizer demand assessment index, and the specific method is as follows: C1: Set the water and fertilizer demand assessment threshold Ia 预 If Ia≤Ia 预 If the water and fertilizer demand assessment index is less than the water and fertilizer demand assessment threshold, it is determined that no irrigation adjustment is needed; otherwise, it is determined that irrigation adjustment is needed. C2: When the first irrigation adjustment coefficient does not reach the set standard value but the second irrigation adjustment coefficient reaches the set standard value, the irrigation amount is adjusted to increase the irrigation water amount. At this time, the current irrigation water amount is obtained, and then the current irrigation water amount is multiplied by 120% to obtain the required irrigation water amount. The control center is used to irrigate according to the demand. C3: When the first irrigation adjustment coefficient reaches the set standard value but the second irrigation adjustment coefficient does not reach the set standard value, the irrigation amount adjustment method is determined to be to increase the fertilizer amount. At this time, the current fertilizer amount is obtained, and the fertilizer dilution degree is obtained in combination with the irrigation water amount. The fertilizer dilution degree is obtained from the fertilizer instructions. C4: When neither the first irrigation adjustment coefficient nor the second irrigation adjustment coefficient reaches the set standard value, the irrigation amount adjustment method is determined to be increased water and fertilizer irrigation. At this time, the current irrigation amount is obtained, and after comparing it with the first irrigation adjustment coefficient and the second irrigation adjustment coefficient respectively, the largest irrigation adjustment coefficient is extracted, and then multiplied by the current irrigation amount to obtain the final irrigation amount, and irrigation is carried out using the control center.

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